Articoli di riviste: "Industrial toxicology"

1

BRESNITZ, EDDY A. "Clinical Industrial Toxicology". Annals of Internal Medicine 103, n. 6_Part_1 (1 dicembre 1985): 967. http://dx.doi.org/10.7326/0003-4819-103-6-967.

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Thorne, Peter S. "Patty's industrial hygiene and toxicology, Vol. 2: Toxicology". Chemical Engineering Science 50, n. 11 (giugno 1995): 1846–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(95)90007-1.

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Diener, R. M. "Behavioral Toxicology: Current Industrial Viewpoint". Journal of the American College of Toxicology 6, n. 4 (luglio 1987): 427–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915818709075687.

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The major factors leading to the increased interest in behavioral toxicology are summarized. Important regulations and guidelines, which are in effect now or are being formulated, are presented in light of their impact on the new discipline. Some issues facing industrial toxicologists are discussed and related to current industry actions and recommendations.

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WATANABE, P. G., T. R. FOX, R. H. REITZ, A. M. SCHUMANN e M. E. ANDERSEN. "RESEARCH STRATEGY IN INDUSTRIAL TOXICOLOGY". Journal of Toxicological Sciences 12, n. 2 (1987): 223–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2131/jts.12.223.

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Scott, Alister. "Hamilton and Hardy’s Industrial Toxicology". Occupational Medicine 66, n. 7 (7 settembre 2016): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqw118.

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Osinubi, Omowunmi Y. O., e Philip J. Landrigan. "Occupational, Industrial and Environmental Toxicology". American Journal of Industrial Medicine 33, n. 1 (gennaio 1998): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1097-0274(199801)33:1<99::aid-ajim15>3.0.co;2-0.

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Magos, L. "Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology". Journal of Applied Toxicology 16, n. 6 (novembre 1996): 539. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/(sici)1099-1263(199611)16:6<539::aid-jat375>3.0.co;2-k.

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8

Minami, Masayasu. "Does Industrial and Environmental Toxicology Have Relevance to Forensic Toxicology?" Journal of Toxicology: Toxin Reviews 17, n. 1 (gennaio 1998): 39–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/15569549809006489.

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REINHARDT, Charles F. "MEETING NEW CHALLENGES IN INDUSTRIAL TOXICOLOGY". Journal of Toxicological Sciences 12, n. 2 (1987): 235–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.2131/jts.12.235.

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Behnisch, Peter A. "Principles of Toxicology, Environmental and Industrial Applications: Principles of Toxicology, Environmental and Industrial Applications, 2nd Ed". Environment International 26, n. 1-2 (agosto 2000): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0160-4120(00)00083-0.

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Braitberg, George. "Occupational, Industrial, and Environmental Toxicology, 2nd edition". Emergency Medicine Australasia 16, n. 1 (febbraio 2004): 89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1742-6723.2004.00552.x.

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12

Morawietz, Gerd, Susanne Rittinghausen e Ulrich Mohr. "RITA — Registry of Industrial Toxicology Animal-data". Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology 44, n. 6 (ottobre 1992): 301–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0940-2993(11)80216-2.

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13

Bahnemann, Rainer, Maren Jacobs, Eberhard Karbe, Wolfgang Kaufmann, Gerd Morawietz, Thomas Nolte e Susanne Rittinghausen. "RITA — Registry of Industrial Toxicology Animal-data". Experimental and Toxicologic Pathology 47, n. 4 (gennaio 1995): 247–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0940-2993(11)80259-9.

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14

Dean, B. J., T. M. Brooks, G. Hodson-Walker e D. H. Hutson. "Genetic toxicology testing of 41 industrial chemicals". Mutation Research/Reviews in Genetic Toxicology 153, n. 1-2 (gennaio 1985): 57–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1110(85)90005-3.

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15

Koprda, Vasil. "23rd International Symposium on Industrial Toxicology ’03". Environmental Science and Pollution Research 10, n. 4 (luglio 2003): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02980234.

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16

Tassignon, J. P. "Genetic toxicology in industrial practice: general introduction". Food and Chemical Toxicology 23, n. 1 (gennaio 1985): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-6915(85)90213-3.

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17

O'Donovan, Michael. "Meeting report: Industrial genetic toxicology discussion group". Food and Chemical Toxicology 28, n. 6 (gennaio 1990): 465–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-6915(90)90100-2.

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Rostron, Christine. "Meeting report: Industrial genetic toxicology discussion group". Food and Chemical Toxicology 28, n. 9 (gennaio 1990): 659–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0278-6915(90)90175-m.

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19

Maynard, R. I. "Occupational, Industrial and Environmental Toxicology, 1st Edition". Occupational and Environmental Medicine 54, n. 10 (1 ottobre 1997): 767–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.54.10.767-a.

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20

Byrd, Daniel M. "Ethel Browning's Toxicology and Metabolism of Industrial Solvents". Journal of the American College of Toxicology 7, n. 2 (marzo 1988): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/10915818809014522.

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Zbinden, G. "The Concept of Multispecies Testing in Industrial Toxicology". Regulatory Toxicology and Pharmacology 17, n. 1 (febbraio 1993): 85–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/rtph.1993.1009.

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22

Maksimov, Gennady G. "Industrial toxicology as an important part of occupational medicine: retrospective, reality and development prospects (literature review)". Toxicological Review 30, n. 4 (30 agosto 2022): 206–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.47470/0869-7922-2022-30-4-206-216.

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Introduction. The stages of development of industrial toxicology and the contribution of the main scientific schools to the theory and practice of hygienic regulation of industrial substances in the air of the working area are considered, the main tasks for the near future are identified. Material and methods. The analysis of domestic literature, materials of scientific conferences and 25 years of experience in the section “Industrial toxicology” of the Commission “Scientific foundations of occupational health and occupational diseases” of the USSR Academy of Medical Sciences was carried out. Results. On the edge of the XX-XXI centuries, there was a significant reduction in industrial toxicology laboratories in specialized institutes, which led to a multiple decrease in the number of annual substantiation of maximum allowable concentration and indicative limit values for chemicals in the air of the working area, while maintaining a great need for this work. The lack of hygienic regulations for chemicals used in technological processes reduces the quality of a special assessment of the working conditions of workers. Against this background, due to the intensive development of the nanoindustry, in which known substances in the nanoscale acquire new properties, the chemical safety strategy becomes even more relevant. The absence of a medical specialty “preventive toxicology” complicates the quality training of relevant specialists. Limitations. The study was based on the materials of domestic publications in the open press. Conclusion. The experimental base of industrial toxicology needs to be significantly expanded, and the system of hygienic regulation of chemicals in the air of the working area needs to be optimized and transferred from initiative research to a planned distribution process.

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Trakhtenberg, I. M., e M. N. Korshun. "Industrial toxicology in Ukraine: past features and modern realities". Ukrainian Journal of Occupational Health 2005, n. 1 (31 marzo 2005): 54–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.33573/ujoh2005.01.054.

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Broussard, G., O. Bramanti e F. M. Marchese. "Occupational risk and toxicology evaluations of industrial water conditioning". Occupational Medicine 47, n. 6 (1997): 337–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/occmed/47.6.337.

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25

Back, Kenneth C. "Industrial Toxicology: Safety and Health Application in the Workplace". Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine 28, n. 9 (settembre 1986): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00043764-198609000-00001.

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26

DAYAN, A. D. "Principles of toxicology: environmental and industrial applications, 2nd edition". Occupational and Environmental Medicine 58, n. 8 (1 agosto 2001): 545a—545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.58.8.545a.

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27

Flanagan, R. J., B. Widdop, J. D. Ramsey e M. Loveland. "Analytical Toxicology". Human Toxicology 7, n. 5 (settembre 1988): 489–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032718800700517.

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Major advances in analytical toxicology followed the introduction of spectroscopic and chromatographic techniques in the 1940s and early 1950s and thin layer chromatography remains important together with some spectrophotometric and other tests. However, gas- and high performance-liquid chromatography together with a variety of immunoassay techniques are now videly used. The scope and complexity of forensic and clinical toxicology continues to increase, although the compounds for which emergency analyses are needed to guide therapy are few. Exclusion of the presence of hypnotic drugs can be important in suspected 'brain death' cases. Screening for drugs of abuse has assumed greater importance not only for the management of the habituated patient, but also in 'pre-employment' and 'employment' screening. The detection of licit drug administration in sport is also an area of increasing importance. In industrial toxicology, the range of compounds for which blood or urine measurements (so called 'biological monitoring') can indicate the degree of exposure is increasing. The monitoring of environmental contaminants (lead, chlorinated pesticides) in biological samples has also proved aluable. In the near future a consensus as to the units of measurement to be used is urgently required and more emphasis will be placed on interpretation, especially as regards possible behavioural effects of drugs or other poisons. Despite many advances in analytical techniques there remains a need for reliable, simple tests to detect poisons for use in smaller hospital and other laboratories.

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Trachtenberg, I. M., e N. M. Dmytrukha. "Industrial toxicology: main directions, results and prospects of scientific activity". Ukrainian Journal of Occupational Health 2019, n. 2 (27 giugno 2019): 87–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.33573/ujoh2019.02.087.

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29

Halton, David M. "Computerized Information Resources in Toxicology and Industrial Health-a Review". Toxicology and Industrial Health 2, n. 1 (gennaio 1986): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/074823378600200106.

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30

Kálmán, J., Z. Izsáki, L. Kovács, A. Grofcsik e I. Szebényi. "Wet Air Oxidation of Toxic Industrial Effluents". Water Science and Technology 21, n. 4-5 (1 aprile 1989): 289–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.1989.0231.

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The disposal of process wastewater from a wood carbonization factory was studied in a laboratory batch reactor. Chemical oxygen demand (COD) reduction of 92 - 96% was achieved for samples with initial COD concentrations of more than 100 g/l. The samples subjected to wet air oxidation showed no toxic effects in toxicology tests and were readily biodegradable. Effluent containing cyanide was also subjected to wet air oxidation, and a COD reduction of 75% and cyanide removal of 99.99997% was attained. The reaction rate and activation energy of cyanide hydrolysis were determined.

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31

Li, Maxwell Wei-Hao, Jinyan She, Hongbo Zhu, Ziqi Li e Xudong Fan. "Microfabricated porous layer open tubular (PLOT) column". Lab on a Chip 19, n. 23 (2019): 3979–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9lc00886a.

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Development of a porous layer open tubular micro-column for light volatiles analysis enables broader micro-gas chromatography applicability to on-site environmental protection, industrial monitoring, and toxicology.

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32

Diggle, G. "Patty's Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology. Vol III, part B, 3rd edition". Occupational and Environmental Medicine 53, n. 5 (1 maggio 1996): 359–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oem.53.5.359.

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Călămar, Angelica, George Artur Găman, Lorand Toth, Daniel Pupăzan e Sorin Simion. "Assessment of Workers’ Occupational Exposure in The Context of Industrial Toxicology". IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 44 (ottobre 2016): 032004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/44/3/032004.

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Donaldson, Ken, e C. Lang Tran. "An introduction to the short-term toxicology of respirable industrial fibres". Mutation Research/Fundamental and Molecular Mechanisms of Mutagenesis 553, n. 1-2 (settembre 2004): 5–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2004.06.011.

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Dmytrukha, N. M. "Nanotoxicology – a new direction in industrial toxicology, task and research results". Ukrainian Journal of Occupational Health 2023, n. 1 (29 marzo 2023): 61–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.33573/ujoh2023.01.061.

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Sarmanaev, S. Kh, e V. B. Simonenko. "Centenary of medical toxicology (1920–2020)". Clinical Medicine (Russian Journal) 99, n. 9-10 (27 gennaio 2022): 562–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.30629/0023-2149-2021-99-9-10-562-568.

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The variety of chemical compounds and their widespread use in industry and in everyday life pose a risk to chemical safety. Despite the experience gained over the past century since the fi rst use of medical protective equipment, medical toxicology and the system of providing specialized medical care for chemical trauma require further improvement and development. The continuing risks of industrial production, damage by chemical hazardous substances, the threat of the use of toxic substances in local military confl icts and chemical terrorism make it necessary to maintain an advanced readiness to eliminate the medical consequences of chemical trauma.

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Fesenko, Marina A. "The study of the long-term effects of industrial substances by toxicologists of the I.V. Sanotsky School". Russian Journal of Occupational Health and Industrial Ecology 62, n. 11 (12 dicembre 2022): 711–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/1026-9428-2022-62-11-711-717.

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One of the areas of scientific research that deeply interested I.V. Sanotsky was the study of the long-term effects of the influence of chemical compounds on the body, which is one of the most urgent problems of modern toxicology. The study aims to analyze and evaluate the results of experimental studies of chemicals with long-term effects, on the basis of which a methodology for hygienic rationing of these substances in preventive toxicology. The researchers have conducted a literature search for the period 1975-2020 according to the data of the scientific electronic library elibrary.ru and the archive of the Izmerov Research Institute of Occupational Health by keywords: preventive toxicology, long-term effects, hygienic standardization. The results of experimental studies of chemicals with long-term effects allowed us to scientifically substantiate the basic principles of establishing MPC during hygienic rationing: - selection of an experimental model, issues of data transfer from animals to humans; - dependence of the studied effects on the dose or concentration of chemicals; - threshold of effects; - dependence of the effect on the time of exposure and observation; - selectivity of the effect of poisons on reproductive function; - sanitary standardization of the content of chemical compounds with a specific effect on reproductive function. As a result of the long-term work of the Department of Industrial Toxicology, specialists have developed methodological approaches, and also have created tested, modernized, unified guidelines for the system of institutions whose task was to obtain data for the toxicological assessment of new substances with long-term effects to determine harm thresholds.

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Hauschild, Veronique D., e Gary M. Bratt. "Prioritizing Industrial Chemical Hazards". Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, Part A 68, n. 11-12 (giugno 2005): 857–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15287390590912162.

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Grandjean, P. "Toxicology research for precautionary decision-making and the role of Human & Experimental Toxicology". Human & Experimental Toxicology 34, n. 12 (26 novembre 2015): 1231–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327115601762.

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A key aim of toxicology is the prevention of adverse effects due to toxic hazards. Therefore, the dissemination of toxicology research findings must confront two important challenges: one being the lack of information on the vast majority of potentially toxic industrial chemicals and the other being the strict criteria for scientific proof usually required for decision-making in regard to prevention. The present study ascertains the coverage of environmental chemicals in four volumes of Human & Experimental Toxicology and the presentation and interpretation of research findings in published articles. Links in SciFinder showed that the 530 articles published in four selected volumes between 1984 and 2014 primarily dealt with metals (126 links) and other toxicants that have received substantial attention in the past. Thirteen compounds identified by US authorities in 2006 as high-priority substances, for which toxicology documentation is badly needed, were not covered in the journal issues at all. When reviewing published articles, reliance on p values was standard, and non-significant findings were often called ‘negative.’ This tradition may contribute to the perceived need to extend existing research on toxic hazards that have already been well characterized. Several sources of bias towards the null hypothesis can affect toxicology research, but are generally not considered, thus adding to the current inclination to avoid false positive findings. In this regard, toxicology is particularly prone to bias because of the known paucity of false positives and, in particular, the existence of a vast number of toxic hazards which by default are considered innocuous due to lack of documentation. The Precautionary Principle could inspire decision-making on the basis of incomplete documentation and should stimulate a change in toxicology traditions and in toxicology research publication.

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Çankaya, Nevin. "The Cause and Functions of Metal Oxide Nanoparticles for Toxicology Applications: A Review". Advances in Clinical Toxicology 8, n. 3 (2023): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/act-16000277.

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Environmental impacts of metal oxide nanoparticles in toxicological research studies are rapidly spreading nowadays, many of which are exponentially increasing in various industrial and energy applications. Its usage areas are widely used in agriculture and similar product consumption, catalysts used in industry, gas-air sensors, electronic materials, biological medicine, environmental toxins, and energy sectors. In addition to global climate change and its environmental effects, toxicological effects that directly affect the quality and healthy life of human beings constitute a tangle of problems. These problems will be resolved by scientific researching and studies completely. In general, as examined in research studies, such as the onset of skin redness and itching, which has been studied in research studies, nanoparticles, especially some metal oxides, can have harmful effects on human life/skin and surface/liquid organism. However, the details of all dangerous toxicological mechanisms or structures and their exact solutions and result-oriented economic solutions are still indefinite. The fact that the inherent qualities of nanoparticles (NPs) affect life and create ecological change factors can eventually lead to short/long-term dangerous toxicological effects on the environment and humans through behavioral and transport routes. In literature resources, show that the metal oxide NPs exposed to the humanity life systems resulted in reactive oxygen species (ROS) nascency, oxidative stress, creating purulence, cytotoxicity, genetic toxicology, and immunotoxicology. In this literature perspective review, there has been deemed a more scientifically sensitive approach by us to review the hazardous toxicology’s it as ecological, aquatic, agriculture and environmental toxicology

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Luma, Melo. "Women in toxicology in the United States". Toxicology Research 10, n. 4 (30 luglio 2021): 902–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/toxres/tfab075.

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Abstract Since the toxicology field was established, women have played a critical role in it. This article is written to celebrate the 20-year anniversary of the Special Interest Group for Women in Toxicology, affiliated with the Society of Toxicology. Six female pioneers in modern Toxicology from different social classes and education backgrounds are featured. Despite these differences, they overcame similar obstacles in gender, politics, and scientific barriers to disseminate their research. This discussion will start with Ellen Swallow Richards, who, besides being the pioneer in sanitary engineering, founded the home economics movement that applied science to the home. The discussion will continue with Alice Hamilton, a contributor to occupational health, a pioneer in the field of industrial toxicology, and an example of generosity to social movements and those in need. Subsequently, the most famous woman we discuss in this paper is Rachel Carson, whose fundamental work in environmental Toxicology is evidenced in her important book Silent Spring. This article also features Elizabeth Miller, a biochemist known for her fundamental research in cancer carcinogenesis, followed by Mary Amdur. Nowadays much of what we know about air pollution comes due to Mary, who paid from her own pocket for her experimental animals to investigate Donora smog pollutants and their health damages. And last but not least Elizabeth Weisburger, a chemist who made significant contributions in carcinogenesis and chemotherapy drugs who worked for 40 years at the National Cancer Institute. Here, we discuss the aforementioned women’s careers and personal struggles that transformed toxicology into the field we know now.

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Martens, Marvin, Rob Stierum, Emma L. Schymanski, Chris T. Evelo, Reza Aalizadeh, Hristo Aladjov, Kasia Arturi et al. "ELIXIR and Toxicology: a community in development". F1000Research 10 (8 novembre 2021): 1129. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.74502.1.

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Toxicology has been an active research field for many decades, with academic, industrial and government involvement. Modern omics and computational approaches are changing the field, from merely disease-specific observational models into target-specific predictive models. Traditionally, toxicology has strong links with other fields such as biology, chemistry, pharmacology and medicine. With the rise of synthetic and new engineered materials, alongside ongoing prioritisation needs in chemical risk assessment for existing chemicals, early predictive evaluations are becoming of utmost importance to both scientific and regulatory purposes. ELIXIR is an intergovernmental organisation that brings together life science resources from across Europe. To coordinate the linkage of various life science efforts around modern predictive toxicology, the establishment of a new ELIXIR Community is seen as instrumental. In the past few years, joint efforts, building on incidental overlap, have been piloted in the context of ELIXIR. For example, the EU-ToxRisk, diXa, HeCaToS, transQST, and the nanotoxicology community have worked with the ELIXIR TeSS, Bioschemas, and Compute Platforms and activities. In 2018, a core group of interested parties wrote a proposal, outlining a sketch of what this new ELIXIR Toxicology Community would look like. A recent workshop (held September 30th to October 1st, 2020) extended this into an ELIXIR Toxicology roadmap and a shortlist of limited investment-high gain collaborations to give body to this new community. This Whitepaper outlines the results of these efforts and defines our vision of the ELIXIR Toxicology Community and how it complements other ELIXIR activities.

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43

Martens, Marvin, Rob Stierum, Emma L. Schymanski, Chris T. Evelo, Reza Aalizadeh, Hristo Aladjov, Kasia Arturi et al. "ELIXIR and Toxicology: a community in development". F1000Research 10 (3 ottobre 2023): 1129. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.74502.2.

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Toxicology has been an active research field for many decades, with academic, industrial and government involvement. Modern omics and computational approaches are changing the field, from merely disease-specific observational models into target-specific predictive models. Traditionally, toxicology has strong links with other fields such as biology, chemistry, pharmacology, and medicine. With the rise of synthetic and new engineered materials, alongside ongoing prioritisation needs in chemical risk assessment for existing chemicals, early predictive evaluations are becoming of utmost importance to both scientific and regulatory purposes. ELIXIR is an intergovernmental organisation that brings together life science resources from across Europe. To coordinate the linkage of various life science efforts around modern predictive toxicology, the establishment of a new ELIXIR Community is seen as instrumental. In the past few years, joint efforts, building on incidental overlap, have been piloted in the context of ELIXIR. For example, the EU-ToxRisk, diXa, HeCaToS, transQST, and the nanotoxicology community have worked with the ELIXIR TeSS, Bioschemas, and Compute Platforms and activities. In 2018, a core group of interested parties wrote a proposal, outlining a sketch of what this new ELIXIR Toxicology Community would look like. A recent workshop (held September 30th to October 1st, 2020) extended this into an ELIXIR Toxicology roadmap and a shortlist of limited investment-high gain collaborations to give body to this new community. This Whitepaper outlines the results of these efforts and defines our vision of the ELIXIR Toxicology Community and how it complements other ELIXIR activities.

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44

Rodolfo, C., F. Ornella, P. Cristina e P. Romana. "Genotoxicity of industrial solvents". Mutation Research/Environmental Mutagenesis and Related Subjects 271, n. 2 (1992): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0165-1161(92)91238-m.

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45

Hollins, Dana, e Anthony L. Kiorpes. "Evaluating the industrial hygiene, toxicology, and public health aspects of COVID-19". Toxicology and Industrial Health 36, n. 9 (settembre 2020): 605–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233720964629.

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46

Elliott, B. M., e Alderley Edge. "Industrial Genetic Toxicology Discussion Group. Spring Meeting 1990: ‘Molecular Aspects of Genotoxicity’". Mutagenesis 5, n. 6 (1990): 615–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mutage/5.6.615.

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47

Elliott, B. M. "Industrial Genetic Toxicology Discussion Group Autumn Meeting 1990: In Vitro Activation Systems". Mutagenesis 6, n. 3 (1991): 237–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/mutage/6.3.237.

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48

Kolisnik, S. V., O. G. Pogosyan, S. M. Poluian, Z. V. Shovkova e T. A. Kostina. "Topicality of teaching analytical toxicology at the National University of Pharmacy". Social Pharmacy in Health Care 7, n. 1 (12 marzo 2021): 18–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.24959/sphhcj.21.215.

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Aim. To analyze the methods of teaching analytical toxicology in the National University of Pharmacy (NUPh). Materials and methods. Analytical, systematic, logical methods of teaching the discipline, as well as scientific publications of domestic and foreign scientists were used. Results. The topicality of teaching the discipline “Analytical toxicology” at the Department of Analytical Chemistry and Analytical Toxicology of the NUPh (Kharkiv) has been discussed in the article. The features of teaching the discipline in current conditions have been analyzed. The possibility of conducting the chemico-toxicological analysis, which results are necessary for solving many legal and other important issues, has been described. The main tasks facing analytical toxicology, its difference from analytical chemistry and other pharmaceutical disciplines, as well as the significance of the knowledge gained by applicants for higher education that they need in their further practical activities have been considered. The structure of the educational process when studying the discipline “Analytical toxicology”, including theoretical and practical sections, is presented. Modern chemical and physicochemical methods of analysis widely used in analytical toxicology have been described. Conclusions. To train applicants for higher education in the specialty 226 “Pharmacy, Industrial pharmacy”, the study of the discipline “Analytical toxicology”, which is closely related to chemical, biological and medical disciplines, is important. The knowledge gained by applicants for higher education makes it possible to correctly understand the fundamentals of analytical toxicology, apply the theoretical and practical skills obtained in their further practical activities and become fully qualified specialists in the field of chemico-toxicological analysis. Key words: analytical toxicology; analytical chemistry; chemico-toxicological analysis; intoxication; toxicant.

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Safe, Stephen H., Lea Pallaroni, Kyungsil Yoon, Kevin Gaido, Susan Ross, Brad Saville e Donald McDonnell. "Toxicology of environmental estrogens". Reproduction, Fertility and Development 13, n. 4 (2001): 307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd00108.

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It has been hypothesized that environmental contaminants that modulate endocrine signaling pathways may be causally linked to adverse health effects in humans. There has been particular concern regarding synthetic estrogens and their role in disrupting normal development of the male reproductive tract. Most estrogenic industrial compounds, such as bisphenol A (BPA) and nonylphenol, typically bind estrogen receptors α (ERα) and β (ERβ) and induce transactivation of estrogen-responsive genes/reporter genes, but their potencies are usually ≥1000-fold lower than observed for 17β-estradiol (E2). Selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) represent another class of synthetic estrogens that are being developed for treatment of hormone-dependent problems. The SERMs differentially activate wild-type ERα and variant forms expressing activation function 1 (ER-AF1) and AF2 (ER-AF2) in human HepG2 hepatoma cells transfected with a pC3-luciferase construct, and these in vitro differences reflect their uniquein vivo biologies. The HepG2 cell assay has also been used in our laboratories to investigate the estrogenic activities of the following structurally diverse synthetic and phytoestrogens: 4′-hydroxytamoxifen; BPA; 2′,4′,6′-trichloro-4-biphenylol; 2′,3′,4′,5′-tetrachloro-4-biphenylol; p-t-octylphenol; p-nonylphenol; naringenin; kepone; resveratrol; and 2,2-bis(p-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1,1-trichloroethane (HPTE). The results show that synthetic and phytoestrogens induce distinct patterns of gene activation in HepG2 and U2 osteogenic sarcoma cells, suggesting that these compounds will induce tissue-specific in vivo ER agonist or antagonist activities. The predicted differences between these compounds, based on results of the in vitrobioassay, have been confirmed. For example, BPA inhibits E2-induced responses in the rodent uterus, and HPTE and structurally related compounds are ERα agonists and ERβ antagonists in assays carried out in HepG2 and other cancer cell lines.

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Browning, Randall G., e Steven C. Curry. "Clinical Toxicology of Ethylene Glycol Monoal Ethers". Human & Experimental Toxicology 13, n. 5 (maggio 1994): 325–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719401300508.

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The glycol ethers constitute a family of organic solvents commonly found in industrial and household products. Because of their widespread availability and potential for serious toxicity, physicians should be aware of the clinical toxicology of these compounds. Until recently, knowledge of the toxic effects of glycol ethers has been derived from animal studies and a limited number of case reports and small case series. A growing body of data from epidemiological studies, controlled human studies, and studies using human tissue now allows for advancement in the understanding of the acute and chronic toxicity of these compounds. This review summarizes and evaluates human and pertinent animal literature on the clinical toxicology of glycol ethers, with a focus on the commonly encountered monoalkyl ethers of ethylene glycol. Management options for acute poisoning, as well as measures for the control of workplace exposures, are discussed.

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