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1
Christerson, Brad, e Constance Lever‐Tracy. "The Third China? Emerging industrial districts in rural China". International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 21, n. 4 (dicembre 1997): 569–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-2427.00102.
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Wang, Xiaohui. "Industrial Upgrading Effect of OFDI of Sichuan Province of China". International Journal of Economics and Finance 10, n. 10 (28 settembre 2018): 138. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v10n10p138.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Despite the upgrading of industrial structure is not the direct purpose of OFDI, the experience of many countries shows that there is a connection between them. Through the method of fixed effect and SGMM, this paper aims to estimate and analysis the industrial upgrading effect of OFDI of Sichuan province of China, using the panel data of 31 districts of China from 2003 to 2016. From the empirical results we come to the conclusion that OFDI can promote the optimization and upgrading of industrial structure in China and in Sichuan province. For every 1% increase in OFDI, China’s industrial structure index rose 0.00182% and Sichuan’s industrial structure index rose 0.0237%.
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Jin, Feng, e Li Zhi Xing. "Evaluation on Environmental Planning of Eco-Industrial Park in China". Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (ottobre 2013): 259–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.259.
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An Eco-industrial Park (EIP) is an industrial park developed according to the theory of industrial ecology, which can significantly reduce industrial pollution and improve regional or local sustainability. On the account of the requirements on energy and material flows connection, the construction and development of EIPs are contingent for effective environmental plannings. China initiated the construction of EIPs during foundation of the previous economic and technological development or high-tech districts in 2001, by classifying EIPs into 3 categories: Integrated Eco-Industrial Park, Sector Eco-Industrial Park and Venous Industry based on Eco-Industrial Park. In each category, EIP contributes significantly to the regional and local economy as well as regional and sustainable development. The environmental planning for EIP is guided by three independent standards and by the HJT 409-2007 guides for the establishment of EIP Planning, which makes regulations on the principles, methods, contents and detailed requirements of the EIP planning. The purpose of this study is to identify the effectiveness of EIP planning in China. This article reviews the theory and practice of EIPs in China and summarizes Chinas environmental planning (EP) system. A case of EIP is presented for qualitative analysis and for the evaluation of the effectiveness of the EIP planning. The results of the evaluation on both the achievements and the processes of plannings goals, from the perspective of environmental carrying capacity (ECC), reveal the challenges of EIP planning in China. Then recommendations are provided on how to improve Chinas EP system for EIP to achieve the desired results.
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Ma, Jian Hua, Can Li, Jian Wei Zhang e Yun Zeng Chen. "Pollution Changes of Heavy Metals in Urban Soils from 1994 to 2006 in Kaifeng, China". Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (luglio 2011): 2912–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.2912.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Few studies have been done on temporal changes of heavy metal pollution of urban soils. Eight soil samples at the same sites were collected inKaifengCity, China, in1994and 2006. Concentrations of Pb, Cd, As and Hg in the samples was measured. The pollution change of heavy metals from 1994 to 2006, and the relations between metal pollution and some human factors were discussed. The results show that soil pollution with metals in 2006 was higher than that in 1994 with economic growth. Soils in industrial district (ID) were more strongly polluted than in the following districts: (i) cultural and educational district (CED), (ii) mixed district of resident-commerce-administration (RCD), (iii) recreational district (RD), and (iv) suburban district (SD). Cd and Hg were the dominant pollutants. Economic growth, changes of land use and land-use authority can influence soil metal pollution significantly.
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Shi, Yi, Xin Yu Hu e Jun Yan Yang. ""Embedding" Updating Strategy Research of Urban Historic District — Taking South Historical District of Nanjing as Example". Applied Mechanics and Materials 397-400 (settembre 2013): 712–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.397-400.712.
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Spatial fragmentation is the current status of historic districts in China, and also the real situation of south historical district, Nanjing. This paper proposes Embedding " renaissance philosophy, reconstruct industrial and revival cultural from space form, transportation organizations, industry types and cultural activities, in order to achieve the convergence of urban culture and industry. Integration of urban spaces and activities becomes a response which meeting modern urban development and cultural continuity, maintaining economic vitality and popularity, and obtaining a win-win situation in development and protection.
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Cheng, Hilary, Ming-Shan Niu e Kuei-Hsien Niu. "Industrial cluster involvement, organizational learning, and organizational adaptation:an exploratory study in high technology industrial districts". Journal of Knowledge Management 18, n. 5 (2 settembre 2014): 971–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jkm-06-2014-0244.
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Purpose – The primary purpose of this study is to examine the relationships among a firm’s industrial cluster involvement, organizational learning and its ability to successfully adapt to external environment. Design/methodology/approach – Field survey research method was used, and data were collected from 943 high-technology companies in the USA, China, Taiwan and Sweden. Multiple regression analysis, as well as mediation test, was conducted to analyze the data. Findings – The study finds that being positioned in an industrial cluster enhances a firm’s learning and further leads to a firm’s desired adaptive outcomes. Research limitation – Using self-reported data could be a potential limitation of this study. It would be preferable to have other forms of data for a study. Further, cross-cultural comparisons are needed to enhance our understanding in this multicultural setting. Practical implication – The findings provide business executives, as well as policymakers, a new way of thinking in respect to how to develop holistic learning practices and improve inter-firm trust to appropriately adapt to the fast changing environment. Originality/value – The major contribution of this study is an initial attempt to provide a comprehensive approach in analyzing a firm’s industrial cluster involvement. Further, the study attempts to empirically examine learning and cluster involvement in relation to organizational adaptation.
7
Wei, Yehua Dennis, Wangming Li e Chunbin Wang. "Restructuring Industrial Districts, Scaling Up Regional Development: A Study of the Wenzhou Model, China". Economic Geography 83, n. 4 (16 febbraio 2009): 421–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1944-8287.2007.tb00381.x.
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Kovalchuk, Lyudmila. "Assessment of Socio-economic Situation of the Border Territories of Zabaikalye Territory in Terms of Joining the Far-Eastern Federal District". Russian and Chinese Studies 4, n. 1 (31 marzo 2020): 35–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.17150/2587-7445.2019.4(1).35-43.
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The article assesses the level of economic development and the state of the social sphere of the border territories of Zabaikalye Territory. Twelve districts of Zabaikalye Territory have a border position. Five of them are located along the border with Mongolia, seven - with People’s Republic of China. The article shows that formation of social and economic spheres of the border districts territories was influenced by historical and geographical factors. Formation of the economic complex of the border territories in the historical perspective was subsidized. The change of the historical conditions for development of the border territories contributed to reduction of production, destruction of industrial and social infrastructure, emergence of stable negative trends in the social sphere. The study shows that all border districts are differentiated by the level of economic development. The districts located in the South-West of the Territory along the border with Mongolia, show the greatest lag in the sphere of economy. The greatest contribution to economic development of Zabaikalye Territory is made by the border districts located in the south-eastern part along the border with China: Gazimuro-Zavodsky, Krasnokamensky, Mogochinsky districts. At the same time, all border territories are characterized by relatively low quality and standard of living, that causes socio-cultural degradation and determine a high level of migration of the population from the border areas. The article makes an assumption that the increasing differentiation in the level of socio-economic development of the border districts causes the uneven socio-cultural space of Zabaikalye Territory. In the context of joining the Far-Eastern Federal District, the excessive unevenness of the Territory’s socio-economic space consolidates its position in the zone of backwardness and decreases its readiness for cross-border and interregional cooperation.
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Li, Xiu Ping, Xiao Chuan Jia, Jing Li, Zhuo Zhao, Jian Feng Yin e He Xu. "Reverse Logistics Activities for Renewable Resource Industry - A Case of Tianjin in China". Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (agosto 2013): 2945–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.2945.
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The rapid growth in end-of-life electronic products in recent years has seriously threatened the environment. While if the renewable resource industry introduced the concept of modern logistics, they will be the best carrier for the activities of reverse logistics. The paper aimed to find out the way for the renewable resource enterprises taking part in the reverse logistics, and how they could cooperate with the Manufacturing Industrial Park, and then form the Regional Eco-Industrial Park. This research took two typical districts of Tianjin Ziya Environmental Protection Industrial Park and Tianjin Economic Technological Development Area for example to discuss the foundation and the management for the renewable resource industry in Tianjin, and built a closed-loop supply chain for end-of-life electronic products recycling.
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Miao, Rui Qi, Yong Feng Yan, Yan Bai e Ao Deng. "Assessment of Heavy Metal Contamination of Soil in Kunming". Advanced Materials Research 1092-1093 (marzo 2015): 774–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1092-1093.774.
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With the analyses of eight different heavy metal elements (As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn)’ contents and distributions in the topsoil of Kunming City, the results show that the average concentrations of these eight elements in the topsoil of Kunming City were much higher than the background concentrations in soil in China, and the pollution assessments with the Single factor index method and Nemerow Pollution Index method, the result shows that in Kunming City, the Xishan District and Wuhua District exist a certain degree of heavy metal pollution problem of soil, but the soil environment qualities of Panlong District and Guandu District are better than other districts; analyze the causation of heavy metal pollution of soil with the elements data and current situation of Kunming City, the heavy metal pollution sources mainly from industrial pollution and traffic pollution.
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Yang, Jinyi. "Language choices and industrialization". Journal of Asian Pacific Communication 16, n. 2 (12 ottobre 2006): 259–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/japc.16.2.07yan.
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To understand language choice and development in the process of industrialization it is essential to study how the children of workers (the second generation) in a rising industrial community choose their language/dialect for daily communication. The coexistence of three speech communities: dialect, dialect-and-Putonghua mixed, and Putonghua, in three urban districts of Luoyang City, Henan Province, since the 1950s is representative of language development during China’s industrialization. Based on a large-scale survey, this article compares language and dialect use in these three urban districts and some special danwei (work-unit) language islands in Luoyang. This study shows why and how the second generation in a rising industrial community have chosen or not chosen Putonghua as their major language for daily communication. It concludes with a discussion on the characters and underlining principles of language choice in the course of industrialization under the planned economy in China.
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Liao, Xiao-Yong, Tong-Bin Chen, Hua Xie e Ying-Ru Liu. "Soil As contamination and its risk assessment in areas near the industrial districts of Chenzhou City, Southern China". Environment International 31, n. 6 (agosto 2005): 791–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2005.05.030.
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Bagirov, Vugar, Sergey Treshkin, Andrey Korobka, Fedor Dereka, Sergey Garkusha, Victor Kovalev, Lyubov Esaulova e Sergey Kizinek. "Scientific support of the rice growing industry of the agroindustrial complex of the Russian Federation in solving the problems of food security". E3S Web of Conferences 210 (2020): 05006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202021005006.
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According to FAOSTAT, in 2018-2019 rice was planted in 118 countries on an area of 167 million hectares, the annual grain production in the world is about 782 million tons. Rice is the most popular cereal in the diet of the Russian consumer. Rice growing is a small but rather important branch of the agro-industrial complex of the Russian Federation. The main rice producers in the world are China (over 214 million tons), India (over 172 million tons), Indonesia (83 million tons), Bangladesh (56 million tons), Vietnam (44 million tons), Thailand (32 million tons) and Myanmar (25 million tons). In the Russian Federation, rice is grown in three federal districts, in nine subjects: in the Southern Federal District - the Republic of Adygea, Kalmykia, Krasnodar, Astrakhan and Rostov Regions; North Caucasian Federal District - Republics of Dagestan and Chechen; Far Eastern Federal District - Primorsky Territory and the Jewish Autonomous Region. Scientific support of the rice-growing industry in the Russian Federation is carried out by the Federal Scientific Rice Centre.
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Zhu, Likai, Yuanyuan Guo, Chi Zhang, Jijun Meng, Lei Ju, Yuansuo Zhang e Wenxue Tang. "Assessing Community-Level Livability Using Combined Remote Sensing and Internet-Based Big Geospatial Data". Remote Sensing 12, n. 24 (9 dicembre 2020): 4026. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12244026.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
With rapid urbanization, retrieving livability information of human settlements in time is essential for urban planning and governance. However, livability assessments are often limited by data availability and data update cycle, and this problem is more serious when making an assessment at finer spatial scales (e.g., community level). Here we aim to develop a reliable and dynamic model for community-level livability assessment taking Linyi city in Shandong Province, China as a case study. First, we constructed a hierarchical index system for livability assessment, and derived data for each index and community from remotely sensed data or Internet-based geospatial data. Next, we calculated the livability scores for all communities and assessed their uncertainties using Monte Carlo simulations. The results showed that the mean livability score of all communities was 59. The old urban and newly developed districts of our study area had the best livability, and got a livability score of 62 and 58 respectively, while industrial districts had the poorest conditions with an average livability score of 48. Results by dimension showed that the old urban district had better conditions of living amenity and travel convenience, but poorer conditions of environmental health and comfort. The newly developed districts were the opposite. We conclude that our model is effective and extendible for rapidly assessing community-level livability, which provides detailed and useful information of human settlements for sustainable urban planning and governance.
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Zhang, Yuepeng, Xuan Li, Teng Nie, Jun Qi, Jing Chen e Qiong Wu. "Source apportionment of PM2.5 pollution in the central six districts of Beijing, China". Journal of Cleaner Production 174 (febbraio 2018): 661–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2017.10.332.
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Hongyun, Han, e Zhao Liange. "Chinese agricultural water resource utilization: problems and challenges". Water Policy 9, S1 (1 marzo 2007): 11–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2007.064.
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With rapid industrialization and urbanization, scarce water resources are more and more being transferred from low-value agricultural use to high-value industrial and domestic uses in China. Along with water shortages, inefficiencies are apparent in Chinese agricultural water utilization. The causes of these inefficiencies include attenuated property rights, artificially low water prices, lack of farmer participation in irrigation districts management and fragmented government management. It is concluded, against the background of a transitional economy, that the lack of economic incentives in the allocation of water is the principal reason why shortage and waste coexists in Chinese irrigated agriculture. The challenge now facing decision makers is how to resolve the conflict between increasing food demand and decreasing water supply without undermining the growth of cities and the industrial sector. Owing to failures in both markets and government in water allocation, it is argued that it is necessary to establish a quasi-market for water.
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Jiang, Liang, Jing Luo, Chunyan Zhang, Lingling Tian, Qingqing Liu, Guolei Chen e Ye Tian. "Study on the Level and Type Identification of Rural Development in Wuhan City’s New Urban Districts". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 9, n. 3 (13 marzo 2020): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi9030172.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A quantitative analysis of rural development is required to comprehend the spatial differentiation of a rural area and promote rural sustainable development under the pressure of urbanization and industrialization, especially areas with dramatic changes in rural socioeconomic development of China and other developing countries. Taking Wuhan as the case study, this paper developed an index system including rural settlement, land, industry and human settlement environment for evaluating the level of rural development. Then, using the exploratory spatial data analysis, the principal component analysis and the cluster analysis, this paper analyzes the spatial differentiation and correlation and categorizes the types of rural development. The results are as follows. (1) The spatial differentiation of the level of rural development in Wuhan City’s new urban districts is obvious and the areas with a high level of rural development are mainly distributed at the intersection of the new and central urban areas and gradually decrease outward. (2) There is a significant spatial agglomeration of the developed rural areas and the structure of the spatial change in these areas resembles a certain continuity, specifically a circle of “central heat surrounding cold”. (3) Rural development in the new urban areas can be divided into the following five types: the ecological leisure type, the traditional farming type, the balanced development type, the industrial-and-agricultural mixed type and the industrial promotion type. The corresponding development path is proposed in combination with different types of rural development to provide a theoretical basis and decision-making reference for rural revitalization.
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Rumin, Rafał, Kamil Kozioł, Joanna Polak, Paweł Hyla e Jędrzej Blaut. "Analysis of time of intermodal container transport from China to the EU by means of Hyperloop technology". AUTOBUSY – Technika, Eksploatacja, Systemy Transportowe 20, n. 1-2 (28 febbraio 2019): 452–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/atest.2019.084.
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The article presents the economic potential of trade between China and the European Union using a new means of transport - low-pressure railways. The technology is based on the transport of goods in capsules, moving inside a tightly closed tube, in which the pressure is lowered to about 100Pa. Thanks to the low pressure, the resistance of the air inside the tube is also very low, which allows the capsules to move in it without significant energy losses. In the future, this will make it possible to transport goods very quickly and economically between China and Europe. It is believed that the capsule will be able to reach a speed of about 1000km/h. Based on these assumptions, there are new prospects for Europe's trade with China. This applies in particular to industrial and transhipment districts such as Sinchuan, Yunnan, Kweichow and Chongqing. These regions have a population of 200 million, a territory twice as large as France, and rapid economic growth of around 10%. In 2016, the train from Cheng to Łódź set off 463 times, while in 2017 there were already about 1000 chickens. The economy of Sinchuan is mainly based on: The economy of Sinchuan is mainly based on: agriculture, hydroelectricity, large gas resources, heavy industry and electronics. Chongqing's economy is based on: The Chongqing economy is based on: automotive, heavy industry, electronics and chemical industry. Yunnan is dominated by agricultural processing, natural resources and heavy industry. The Sinchuan and Chongqing districts deserve the most attention from the point of view of Polish interests. They benefit most from the development of the Chinese economy. They also co-create the New Silk Road - the OBOR (One Belt One Road) project and aspire to become a commercial, financial, technological, scientific and telecommunication and transport centre of the world..
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Wang, Hefeng, Yuan Cao, Xinxia Liu e Yantao Yang. "Evaluation and zoning of various urban land spaces based on restrictive indicators: the case of Shanghai, China". World Journal of Engineering 14, n. 4 (7 agosto 2017): 307–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/wje-08-2016-0052.
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Purpose Using Shanghai as an example, the purpose of this paper is to perform grade evaluation and zoning for different land use spaces by GIS by identifying the major restrictive factors in current socio-economic development. Design/methodology/approach Based on short plate theory, 11 major restrictive indicators that will restrict socio-economic development in Shanghai are identified, and urban land is divided into four subspaces and the restrictive grade evaluation of urban land subspace is achieved with GIS spatial analysis; then, land development zoning is processed according to the results of the evaluation. Findings In all, 11 major restrictive indicators that will restrict socio-economic development in Shanghai are identified. The restrictive grades of the agricultural production, urban construction and ecological protection subspaces are mainly common, weak and weaker, and the relatively strong restrictive grade of industrial development subspace is mainly concentrated in the more developed industrial districts (counties). The areas of the common and good regions of constructive development and ecological development zones account for 87.4 and 98.3 per cent of each total area, respectively, and urban land still has significant development potential in Shanghai. Originality/value This paper proposes various urban land space evaluations and zoning strategies based on restrictive indicators and perspectives, enriching the ideas and methods of urban land use evaluation.
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Liang, Yuting, e Yunfeng Hu. "Beautiful China Construction Evaluation Method Based on POIs: Case Study of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region". ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, n. 8 (28 luglio 2021): 508. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10080508.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Point of interest (POI) data can provide a clear spatial location and accurate attributes for geoscience research. The traditional assessment of Beautiful China construction (BCC) has relied on statistical materials, which have shortcomings in terms of timeliness, authenticity, efficiency, and accuracy. Referring to the theoretical framework of the Zhongke Beauty Index, we built an evaluation index system and technical process based on POI data. In terms of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region (IMAR), 5.09 million POIs were collected using the web crawler technique, and the Beautiful Inner Mongolia construction evaluation and analysis were performed. The results show the following: (1) POI data can be used to establish an evaluation index system for the construction of Beautiful Inner Mongolia on the county scale; in the dimensions of industrial development, social harmony, and institutional improvement, it shows especially good application prospects. (2) The Beautiful Inner Mongolia index in 2020 was 0.22. Among the five dimensions, the industrial development index was the highest, while the cultural heritage index was the lowest. We found significant spatial differences in the dimensions of cultural heritage as well as social harmony. (3) The areas in the IMAR with a low-level construction were mostly industrial and mining areas, agricultural counties, and other economically developing areas, among which the Baiyunebo mining area and Xianghuangqi and Shiguai areas had the lowest comprehensive beauty index values. (4) We also found large numerical disparities in the level of Beautiful Inner Mongolia construction between municipal districts and banners/counties, and the ranking of each region was affected by the population and coverage areas of administrative units. After verification, we found an overall good consistency between the evaluation indexes proposed in this paper and a previous study. Therefore, this paper provides a new perspective and an effective method for the application of Internet big data in economic and social evaluation work.
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Zhao, B., P. Wang, J. Z. Ma, S. Zhu, A. Pozzer e W. Li. "A high-resolution emission inventory of primary pollutants for the Huabei region, China". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 11, n. 7 (18 luglio 2011): 20331–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-11-20331-2011.
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Abstract. Huabei is a part of eastern China located between 32° N and 42° N latitude. Administratively it is a region including Beijing and Tianjin Municipalities, Hebei and Shanxi Provinces, and Inner-Mongolia Autonomous Region. Over the past decades, the region has experienced dramatic changes in air quality and climate, and has become a major focus of environmental research in China. Here we present a new inventory of air pollutant emissions in Huabei for the year 2003 developed as part of the project Influence of Pollution on Aerosols and Cloud Microphysics in North China (IPAC-NC). Our estimates are based on the data from the statistical yearbooks of state and provinces as well as local districts including major sectors and activities of power generation, industrial energy consumption, industrial processing, civil energy consumption, crop straw burning, oil and solvent evaporation, manure, and motor vehicles. The emission factors are selected from a variety of literature and those from local measurements in China are used whenever available. The estimated total emissions in the Huabei administrative region in 2003 are 4.73 Tg SO2, 2.72 Tg NOx (in equivalent NO2), 1.77 Tg VOC, 24.14 Tg CO, 2.03 Tg NH3, 4.57 Tg PM10, 2.42 Tg PM2.5, 0.21 Tg EC, and 0.46 Tg OC. For model convenience, we consider a larger Huabei region with Shandong, Henan and Liaoning Provinces included in our inventory. The estimated total emissions in the larger Huabei region in 2003 are: 9.55 Tg SO2, 5.27 Tg NOx (in equivalent NO2), 3.82 Tg VOC, 46.59 Tg CO, 5.36 Tg NH3, 10.74 Tg PM10, 5.62 Tg PM2.5, 0.41 Tg EC, and 0.99 Tg OC. The estimated emission rates are projected into grid cells at a horizontal resolution of 0.1° latitude by 0.1° longitude. Our gridded emission inventory consists of area sources, which are classified into industrial, civil, traffic, and straw burning sectors, and large industrial point sources, which include 345 sets of power plants, iron and steel plants, cement plants, and chemical plants. The estimated regional NO2 emissions are about 2–3 % (administrative Huabei region) or 5 % (larger Huabei region) of the global anthropogenic NO2 emissions. We compare our inventory (IPAC-NC) with a global emission inventory EDGAR-CIRCE and an Asian emission inventory INTEX-B. While the total emissions in Huabei are comparable with each other, large differences up to a factor of 2–3 for local emissions in the areas such as the Beijing and Tianjin megacities are found. We expect that our inventory will provide more practical spatial distributions of air pollutant emissions in the Huabei region of China and can be applied for air pollution and chemistry research on this region in the future.
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Zhao, B., P. Wang, J. Z. Ma, S. Zhu, A. Pozzer e W. Li. "A high-resolution emission inventory of primary pollutants for the Huabei region, China". Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 12, n. 1 (10 gennaio 2012): 481–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-12-481-2012.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract. Huabei, located between 32° N and 42° N, is part of eastern China and includes administratively the Beijing and Tianjin Municipalities, Hebei and Shanxi Provinces, and Inner-Mongolia Autonomous Region. Over the past decades, the region has experienced dramatic changes in air quality and climate, and has become a major focus of environmental research in China. Here we present a new inventory of air pollutant emissions in Huabei for the year 2003 developed as part of the project Influence of Pollution on Aerosols and Cloud Microphysics in North China (IPAC-NC). Our estimates are based on data from the statistical yearbooks of the state, provinces and local districts, including major sectors and activities of power generation, industrial energy consumption, industrial processing, civil energy consumption, crop straw burning, oil and solvent evaporation, manure, and motor vehicles. The emission factors are selected from a variety of literature and those from local measurements in China are used whenever available. The estimated total emissions in the Huabei administrative region in 2003 are 4.73 Tg SO2, 2.72 Tg NOx (in equivalent NO2), 1.77 Tg VOC, 24.14 Tg CO, 2.03 Tg NH3, 4.57 Tg PM10, 2.42 Tg PM2.5, 0.21 Tg EC, and 0.46 Tg OC. For model convenience, we consider a larger Huabei region with Shandong, Henan and Liaoning Provinces included in our inventory. The estimated total emissions in the larger Huabei region in 2003 are: 9.55 Tg SO2, 5.27 Tg NOx (in equivalent NO2), 3.82 Tg VOC, 46.59 Tg CO, 5.36 Tg NH3, 10.74 Tg PM10, 5.62 Tg PM2.5, 0.41 Tg EC, and 0.99 Tg OC. The estimated emission rates are projected into grid cells at a horizontal resolution of 0.1° latitude by 0.1° longitude. Our gridded emission inventory consists of area sources, which are classified into industrial, civil, traffic, and straw burning sectors, and large industrial point sources, which include 345 sets of power plants, iron and steel plants, cement plants, and chemical plants. The estimated regional NO2 emissions are about 2–3% (administrative Huabei region) or 5% (larger Huabei region) of the global anthropogenic NO2 emissions. We compare our inventory (IPAC-NC) with the global emission inventory EDGAR-CIRCE and the Asian emission inventory INTEX-B. Except for a factor of 3 lower EC emission rate in comparison with INTEX-B, the biases of the total emissions of most primary air pollutants in Huabei estimated in our inventory, with respect to EDGAR-CIRCE and INTEX-B, generally range from −30% to +40%. Large differences up to a factor of 2–3 for local emissions in some areas (e.g. Beijing and Tianjin) are found. It is recommended that the inventories based on the activity rates and emission factors for each specific year should be applied in future modeling work related to the changes in air quality and atmospheric chemistry over this region.
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Akaev, A. A., D. N. Desyatko, A. A. Petryakov e A. I. Sarygulov. "Regional Development and the Education System in the Context of Digital Transformation". Economy of Region 16, n. 4 (dicembre 2020): 1031–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2020-4-2.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The paper aims to assess how the existing imbalance between the education system and the regional economy influences the formation of spatial inequality and uneven economic development. Based on the structural and comparative analysis of data on Russia and China as the members of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, we demonstrate that the technologies of the 4th Industrial Revolution shift the demand for highly skilled labour force. This situation leads to the gap between labour demand and supply, as the education systems are oriented to the economic needs of the 3rd Industrial Revolution. We consider cross-country differences in the quantity of STEM graduates and researchers (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) as a possible cause of spatial inequality in the context of digital transformation. Further, on the example of Russia, we apply correlation and regression analysis to show that the discrepancy between the skill level of graduates and market expectations contributes to regional development inequality. We demonstrate the strong relationship between the share of unemployed persons among the economically active population and the skills of the labour force for all federal districts of the Russian Federation. On average, an increase in the share of employees with higher or secondary vocational education by 1 % decreases unemployment by 0.32 %. Additionally, in all federal districts of Russia, there is a discrepancy between the economic need for highly qualified workers with higher education and the education system producing too many specialists with secondary vocational education. The discrepancy between the structure of skilled labour force produced by the education system and the employment structure in the labour market by 10 % increases unemployment by almost 1 %. The results of the study can be used by the government for creating the development strategy of the education system and reducing spatial inequality.
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Akaev, A. A., D. N. Desyatko, A. A. Petryakov e A. I. Sarygulov. "Regional Development and the Education System in the Context of Digital Transformation". Economy of Region 16, n. 4 (dicembre 2020): 1031–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17059/ekon.reg.2020-4-2.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The paper aims to assess how the existing imbalance between the education system and the regional economy influences the formation of spatial inequality and uneven economic development. Based on the structural and comparative analysis of data on Russia and China as the members of the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, we demonstrate that the technologies of the 4th Industrial Revolution shift the demand for highly skilled labour force. This situation leads to the gap between labour demand and supply, as the education systems are oriented to the economic needs of the 3rd Industrial Revolution. We consider cross-country differences in the quantity of STEM graduates and researchers (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics) as a possible cause of spatial inequality in the context of digital transformation. Further, on the example of Russia, we apply correlation and regression analysis to show that the discrepancy between the skill level of graduates and market expectations contributes to regional development inequality. We demonstrate the strong relationship between the share of unemployed persons among the economically active population and the skills of the labour force for all federal districts of the Russian Federation. On average, an increase in the share of employees with higher or secondary vocational education by 1 % decreases unemployment by 0.32 %. Additionally, in all federal districts of Russia, there is a discrepancy between the economic need for highly qualified workers with higher education and the education system producing too many specialists with secondary vocational education. The discrepancy between the structure of skilled labour force produced by the education system and the employment structure in the labour market by 10 % increases unemployment by almost 1 %. The results of the study can be used by the government for creating the development strategy of the education system and reducing spatial inequality.
25
Ren, Mei, Caihong Huang, Xiaomin Wang, Wei Hu e Wenxin Zhang. "Research on the Distribution of Pollution-Intensive Industries and Their Spatial Effects in China". Sustainability 11, n. 19 (28 settembre 2019): 5378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11195378.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Investigation of the spatial transfer laws and dynamic mechanisms of pollution-intensive industries (PIIs) is becoming a popular field in regional sustainable development. Based on the statistical data of 30 provinces (cities and districts) in China from 2000 to 2017, this paper applied the Gini coefficient and a redistribution index as well as spatial econometric approaches to explore the spatial distribution characteristics and spatial effects of China’s PIIs. PIIs in China have experienced two transition stages: ‘from north to south’ and ‘from east to central and west’, and the spatial distribution imbalance of PIIs has been gradually improved. In terms of industries, all PIIs in the northeast region were removed; PIIs in the eastern region not only transferred outward but also have experienced an agglomeration effect. The central and western regions were the main areas where transferring PIIs were settling. The distribution of PIIs in China showed a strong spatial correlation and a relatively stable path dependence. Through use of the spatial Dubin model, it is concluded that command-and-control environmental regulation and transportation costs had a negative impact on the distribution of PIIs in this region and a positive impact on the surrounding regions; thus, the pollution haven hypothesis was supported. Resource factors, technological innovation levels, and industrial structure—whether direct or indirect—had an inhibitory effect on the distribution of PII. Capital factors not only promoted the development of PIIs in this region, but also promoted it in other regions. Agglomeration economics had a positive impact on the distribution of PIIs in this region, and a negative impact on the surrounding regions.
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Chen, Ying, Suran Li e Long Cheng. "Evaluation of Cultivated Land Use Efficiency with Environmental Constraints in the Dongting Lake Eco-Economic Zone of Hunan Province, China". Land 9, n. 11 (10 novembre 2020): 440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9110440.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The rapid urban and industrial development in China has put pressure on the limited cultivated land resources. In ecologically fragile areas, such as the Dongting Lake Eco-economic Zone, land pollution and waste emissions from agricultural production cause irreversible damage to cultivated land. Thus, a method to assess the sustainability of cultivated land use efficiency (CLUE) is explored. Using the panel data of 25 districts in the province from 2007 to 2017, this study incorporates agricultural non-point source pollution and carbon emissions into undesirable outputs of cultivated land. The SBM(Slack-based Measure)-undesirable model was applied to measure the spatiotemporal characteristics of CLUE under environmental constraints. This study finds that CLUE with environmental constraints is significantly lower than CLUE without environmental constraints, and the degree of the impacts of the constraints differs among regions. Second, from 2007 to 2017, the average CLUE of the province showed a downward trend in each year; this is due to the side effects of redundant inputs and undesired outputs. Third, in 2017, the CLUE of the Dongting Lake Eco-economic Zone was high in the west and low in the east, and the redundant inputs of CLUE were livestock, fertilizer, and pesticide. The study concludes by recommending some policies.
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Rumin, Rafał, Kamil Kozioł e Joanna Polak. "Impact of Creating Evacuate Tube Transportation Technology for Connecting European Union and China". Confrontation and Cooperation: 1000 Years of Polish-German-Russian Relations 4, n. 1 (1 dicembre 2018): 3–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/conc-2018-0001.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The article presents an economic potential of the trade exchange between China and European Union using the new type of transport – basing on vacuum trains. This technology bases on transporting goods in a capsule. The capsule is moving inside an airtight tube, where the air pressure is decreased to about 100Pa. Owing to the low pressure, an air friction value is very low too, what is enabling to move the capsule inside the tube without meaningful energy loss from the air friction. The transport will provide a very fast and economical shipping of goods between China and Europe. It is expected, that the capsules can reach the speed about 1000 km/h. Taking all these factors into account, there are new opportunities for the trade exchange with China. It applies especially to the transshipment- industrial districts like Sichuan, Yunnan, Kweichow, and the Chongqing city. The potential of these provinces is a population about 200 millions people, a territory which is twice the size of France and quick economic growth – about 10%. In 2016, the train from Chengdu to Łódź have left 463 times, in 2017 there are 1000 trains planned. The economy of Sichuan is basing on: agriculture, hydropower, big resources of natural gas, heavy industry, and electronics. In Chongqing, there are mainly: automotive, heavy industry, electronics, and chemical industry. In Yunnan dominate agricultural processing, natural resources, and heavy industry. From the viewpoint of polish business, the Sichuan province and the Chongqing city are especially noteworthy. These two are firstly making use of developing Chinese economy. They are also contributing to the „New Silk Road” – OBOR project (One Belt and One Road Initiative) and aspiring to become the trade, financial, scientific-technological and telecommunication-transport center.
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Huang, Sha, Guofan Shao, Luyan Wang, Lin Wang e Lina Tang. "Distribution and Health Risk Assessment of Trace Metals in Soils in the Golden Triangle of Southern Fujian Province, China". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, n. 1 (31 dicembre 2018): 97. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010097.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In recent years, intensified industrialization and rapid urbanization have accelerated the accumulation of trace metals in topsoils of the Golden Triangle of Southern Fujian Province in China. Trace metals can cause adverse impacts on ecosystems and human health. In order to assess the ecological and human health risks of trace metals in the Golden Triangle region and to determine the distribution and degree of pollution of trace metals, 456 soil samples were collected from 28 districts. The concentrations of six metals (As, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn) were analyzed to assess ecological risk using the geoaccumulation index (Igeo) and the potential ecological risk index (RI). The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) model was applied to calculate health risk. The average soil concentrations of the six elements are ranked as follows: As < Ni < Cu < Cr < Pb < Zn. Inverse distance weighting (IDW) interpolation maps showed that Cr, Cu, Ni, and Zn are enriched in the soils of developed areas, while As and Pb are enriched in the soils of undeveloped areas. The Igeo showed that the levels of metals in most soil samples are below polluting levels. Similarly, RI values indicated that trace metals pose low potential ecological risk in the region’s soils. The Hazard Quotient (HQ) ranked the mean total noncarcinogenic risk of the six metals, for both children and adults, as follows: As > Pb > Cr > Ni > Cu >Zn. The mean carcinogenic risk (CR) of the metals in the region’s soils are ranked as follows: Cr > As > Ni. The Hazard Index (HI) values indicated that 3.7% of soils contained unsafe levels of toxic metals for children and total carcinogenic risk (TCR) values indicated that 23.3% of soils contained unsafe levels, indicating that children are facing both noncarcinogenic and carcinogenic risks from trace metals. Principal component analysis (PCA) and matrix cluster analysis were used to identify pollution sources and classified trace metals and soil samples into two and five groups, respectively. The five groups represented the effects of different land use types, including agricultural area, residential and public area, industrial area, forest, and industrial area and roadside, based on the contents of trace metals in soils. Industrial, agricultural and traffic activities attribute to the enrichment of Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, and Zn in the region’s soils. Moreover, the accumulation of As and Pb are also attributed to atmospheric deposition. These results can contribute to a better understanding of pollution, ecological risks, and human health risks from trace metals on large regional scales like the Golden Triangle of Southern Fujian Province.
29
Tong, Ming, Jiangfeng She, Junzhong Tan, Mengyao Li, Rongcun Ge e Yiyuan Gao. "Evaluating Street Greenery by Multiple Indicators Using Street-Level Imagery and Satellite Images: A Case Study in Nanjing, China". Forests 11, n. 12 (17 dicembre 2020): 1347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/f11121347.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Street greenery plays an essential role in improving the street environment and residents’ health. The evaluation of street greenery is of great value to establish environmentally friendly streets. The evaluation indicators of present studies evaluating street greenery were relatively single, either the Green View Index (GVI) or Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), which cannot describe the greenery condition in its entirety. The objective of this study is to assess the street greenery using multiple indicators, including GVI, NDVI, and Vegetation Structural Diversity (VSD). We combined street view images with a semantic segmentation method to extract the GVI and VSD and used satellite images to calculate the NDVI in the urban area of Nanjing, China. We found correlations and discrepancies of these indicators using statistical analyses in different urban districts, functional areas, and road levels. The results indicate that: (1) the GVI and NDVI are strongly correlated in open spaces, whereas weakly correlated in residential and industrial lands, (2) the areas with higher VSD are mainly located in the new city, whereas the VSD in the old city is lower, and a weak negative correlation exists between the GVI and VSD in the research area, and (3) the old city has a higher GVI level compared to the new city on the main road, whereas the new city has a higher GVI level than the old city on the branch road. Compared with the GVI, the trend of VSD in the old city and the new city is relatively consistent. Our findings suggest that considering multiple indicators of street greenery evaluation can provide a comprehensive reference for building more human-friendly and diversified street green belts.
30
Chen, Tan, Yan, Zhang, Zhang, Liu, Li e Sun. "Monitoring Land Surface Displacement over Xuzhou (China) in 2015–2018 through PCA-Based Correction Applied to SAR Interferometry". Remote Sensing 11, n. 12 (24 giugno 2019): 1494. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11121494.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Land surface deformation in metropolitan areas, which can cause varying degrees of hazard to both human lives and to properties, has been documented for decades in cities worldwide. Xuzhou, is one of the most important energy and industrial bases in eastern China, and has experienced significant land subsidence due to both excessive extraction of karst underground water and exploitation of mineral resources in recent decades. Furthermore, Xuzhou has recently undergone rapid urbanization in terms of urban expansion and underground construction, which could induce additional pressure on the urban land surface. However, most previous research on land surface deformation in the Xuzhou urban areas has been conducted based on traditional ground-based deformation monitoring techniques with sparse measurements. Little is known about the regional spatiotemporal behavior of land surface displacement in Xuzhou. In this study, a detailed interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) time series analysis was performed to characterize the spatial pattern and temporal evolution of land surface deformation in central areas of Xuzhou during 2015–2018. A method based on principal component analysis was adopted to correct artifacts in the InSAR signal. Results showed the correction strategy markedly reduced the discrepancy between global navigation satellite systems and InSAR measurements. Noticeable land subsidence (−5 to −41 mm/yr) was revealed widely within the Xuzhou urban areas, particularly along subway lines under construction, newly developed districts, and in old coal goafs. Remarkable consistent land uplift (up to +25 mm/yr) was found to have significantly affected two long narrow areas within the old goafs since 2015. The possible principal influencing factors contributing to the land surface displacements such as subway tunneling, building construction, mining, underground water levels and geological conditions are then discussed.
31
Stepanyuk, L., O. Hrinchenko, B. Slobodian, V. Semka, S. Kurylo e T. Dovbush. "GEOCHRONOLOGY OF LITHIUM-BEARING GRANITOIDS OF INGUL MEGABLOCK (UKRAINIAN SHIELD)". Visnyk of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Geology, n. 3 (82) (2018): 23–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/1728-2713.82.03.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Rare-metal elements are strategic metals which, in general, are extremely important for economic development or maintenance of defence capability of any country at the modern level. The list of needs for these strategic metals ranges depending on the level of economic development of certain country, but in general it includes such elements as Li, Ta, Nb, Be, Sb, W, REE and others. The majority of these elements has the lithophilous nature and, therefore, is characterized by close genetic relations with granites and pegmatites associated with them. In the world, industrial production of lithium is shared between deposits to lithium-bearing brine of saline depositions of marine basins (Argentina, Chile), some granites (China) and rare-metal pegmatites (Australia, China, Zimmbabve). In pegmatites lithium mineralization is represented mainly by spodumene (LiAlSi2O6), But other lithium-containing metallic minerals can also play an important role in production of this metal – petalite (LiAlSi4O10), minerals of lepidolite (Sa [Li,Al]3[Si,Al]4O10[F,OH]2) and amblygonite-montebrasite (LiAlPO4 [F,OH]) series. Rare-metal pegmatite of Ingul megablock of Ukrainian Shield can be treated as unique (insufficiently studied in world practice) pegmatitic formations in which the main metallic mineral is represented by petalite. In metallogenic interpretations two ore districts can be distinguished within the megablok, that are specialized on rare metals (Li, Rb, Cs, Be, Ta, Nb, Sn) – Polohivka and Stankuvatka. Deposits and numerous ore manifestations of rare metals formed in rather similar geological and tectonic conditions and have many common features – both country rocks composition and mineralogic composition of ores. Within Ingul megablock (Shpola-Tashlyk rare-metal district) a number of lithium rare-metal deposits associated with pegmatites is discovered. In order to determine the age of lithium mineralization in granites of Lypniazhka, Taburyshche massifs and vein bodies of pegmatitic and aplito-pegmatitic granites, which are selected from different localities of this megablock, are dated by U-Pd isotopic method by monazites. It is established that emplacement of vein granites of Ingul megablock occurred within rather narrow age interval – 2040-2020 Ma and it is not significantly separated in time from formation of most granitoids they are spatially associated with. This fact, together with geological evidences, gives grounds to make the assumption that rare-metal lithium pegmatite are formed in the same age interval.
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Ren, Qilong, e Hui Li. "Spatiotemporal Effects and Driving Factors of Water Pollutants Discharge in Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei Region". Water 13, n. 9 (24 aprile 2021): 1174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13091174.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The problem of water pollution is a social issue in China requiring immediate and urgent solutions. In the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei region, the contradiction between preserving the ecological environment and facilitating sustainable economic development is particularly acute. This study analyzed the spatiotemporal evolution of water pollutants and their factors of influence using statistics on the discharge of two water pollutants, namely chemical oxygen demand (COD) and NH3-N (ammonia nitrogen), in 154 counties in both 2012 and 2016 as research units in the region. The study employed Exploratory Spatial-Time Data Analysis (ESTDA), Standard Deviational Ellipse (SDE), and the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) models, as well as ArcGIS and GeoDa software, obtaining the following conclusions: (1) From 2012 to 2016, pollutant discharge dropped significantly, with COD and NH3-N emissions decreasing 65.9% and 47.2%, respectively; the pollutant emissions possessed the spatial feature of gradual gradient descent from the central districts to the periphery. (2) The water pollutants discharge displayed significant and positive spatial correlations. The spatiotemporal cohesion of the spatiotemporal evolution of the pollutants was higher than their spatiotemporal fluidity, representing strong spatial locking. (3) The level of economic development, the level of urbanization, and the intensity of agricultural production input significantly and positively drove pollutant discharge; the environmental regulations had a significant effect on reducing the emission of pollutants. In particular, the effect for NH3-N emissions reduction was stronger; the driving effect of the industrial structure and the distance decay was not significant.
33
Yang, Qingsheng, Hongxian Zhang e Kevin M Mwenda. "County-Scale Destination Migration Attractivity Measurement and Determinants Analysis: A Case Study of Guangdong Province, China". Sustainability 11, n. 2 (12 gennaio 2019): 362. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11020362.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Measuring destination attractivity and finding the determinants of attractivity at the county scale can finely reveal migration flows and explain what kinds of counties have higher attractivity. Such understanding can help local governors make better policies to enhance county attractivity and attract more migrants for regional development. In this study, the county-scale relative intrinsic attractivity (RIA) of Guangdong Province is computed using the number of migrants and the corresponding distances between origins and destinations. The results show that the RIA has a higher positive correlation with the flows of migrants to destination and demonstrates an obvious phenomenon of distance decay. The RIA decreases faster when the distance between origins and destinations increases. Spatially, the RIA reveals a core-periphery belt pattern in Guangdong Province. The center of the Pearl River Delta is the highest core of RIA and the outside areas of the delta represent the low-RIA belt. The highest RIA is 6811 in Dongguan City and the lowest RIA is 1 in Yangshan County. The core area includes Dongguan, Shenzhen City and the southern regions of Guangzhou, Foshan and Zhongshan City where the RIA value is higher than 1000. The second belt is mainly composed of the periphery districts of the Pearl River Delta, which include Shunde, Nanhai, Luohu, Tianhe Huicheng, Panyu, Haizhu, Huiyang, Huadu, Yuexiu, Xiangzhou and the Yuexiu, Huangpu and Boluo, where the RIA values are higher than 100 and lower than 1000. The third belt includes the western wing, eastern wing and northern area. Most of these RIA values range from 1 to 2. In this belt, there are three areas with relatively higher RIA attractivity scattered in the ring: the downtowns of Zhanjiang City, Chaozhou and Shantou Cities and Shaoguan City. The areas farther away from the core have a lower RIA score. Determinants analysis indicates that the RIA is positively determined by destination economic development level, social service and living standard level and destination population quality. A region will be more attractive if it has higher per capital GDP, tertiary industry level, investment and number of industrial enterprises involved in economic development. A region with a high annual average wage of employees and high social service and living standards will be more attractive, while a region with low destination population quality, including aspects such as the adult illiteracy rate, will be less attractive.
34
Hua, Lizhong, Xinxin Zhang, Qin Nie, Fengqin Sun e Lina Tang. "The Impacts of the Expansion of Urban Impervious Surfaces on Urban Heat Islands in a Coastal City in China". Sustainability 12, n. 2 (8 gennaio 2020): 475. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12020475.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The effect of the expansion of urban impervious surfaces on surface urban heat islands (UHIs) has attracted research attention due to its relevance for studies of local climatic change and habitat comfort. In this study, using five satellite images of Xiamen city, Southeast China (four images from the Landsat 5 Thematic Mapper (TM) and one from the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager/Thermal Infrared Sensor (OLI/TIRS)) acquired in summer between 1989 and 2016, together with spatial statistical methods, the changes in impervious surface area (ISA) were investigated, the spatiotemporal variation of the intensity of urban heat islands (UHIs) was explored, and the relationships between land surface temperature (LST) and the percentage of impervious surface area (ISA%), the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), and fractional vegetation coverage (Fv) were investigated. The results showed the following: (1) According to the biophysical composition index (BCI) combined with an ISA post-processing method, Xiamen has witnessed a substantial increase in ISA, showing a 6.1-fold increase from 1989 to 2016. The direction of ISA expansion was consistent throughout the study period in each of the five districts of Xiamen; (2) a bay-like UHI form is observed in the study area, which is remarkably distinct from the central-radial UHI form observed in previous studies of other cities; (3) the extent of UHIs in Xiamen greatly increased between 1989 and 2016, experiencing a 4.7-fold increase in UHI areas during this time. However, during the same period, the urban heat island ratio index (URI)—that is, the ratio of UHI area to ISA—decreased slightly. The UHI area decreased in some urban parts of Xiamen due to a significant increase in vegetation coverage, urban village redevelopment, and the construction of new parks; (4) sea ports and heavy industrial zones are the greatest contributor to surface UHI, followed by urban villages; and (5) LST is strongly positively correlated with ISA%. Each 10% increase in ISA was associated with an increase in summer LST of 0.41 to 0.91 K, which compares well with the results of related studies. This study presents valuable information for the development of regional urban planning strategies to mitigate the effects of UHIs during rapid urbanization.
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Wang, Meimei, Yongchun Yang e Tao Guo. "Measurement of Urban–Rural Integration Level in Suburbs and Exurbs of Big Cities Based on Land-Use Change in Inland China: Chengdu". Land 10, n. 5 (1 maggio 2021): 474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10050474.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Urban growth and development can be interpreted as a combined process of “urban spillover” and “local urban sprawl”, from overall urban–rural development to urban–rural integration (URI). The process of suburban development in western China is a complex system, which reflects the characteristics of industrialization and urbanization in western China. Chengdu is the most representative of the big cities for economic and social structure change in western China. To analyze the changes on URI degree based on the built-up land change, and to explore the practical URI paths in both the suburbs and exurbs of Chengdu, we use land-use remote-sensing monitoring data from 2000, 2005, 2010, and 2015 in this paper, whereafter URI indexes are built from space, economy, and society. The land-use change of the suburbs and exurbs of Chengdu from 2000 to 2015 are analyzed by ArcGIS. Results indicate that the biggest growth part of built-up land is other built-up land, followed by commercial/industrial land, and the last is residential land. The built-up land spreads quickly from 2000 to 2005, and shows distinct separation characteristics in the suburbs of Chengdu. It is relatively slow in the exurbs. Moreover, built-up land connects better in the suburbs than in the exurbs. Based on the change of built-up land in Chengdu from 2000 to 2015, spatial integration data are calculated, economic integration and social integration data are chosen from statistics, and the change of URI levels in the suburbs and exurbs of Chengdu is calculated. The results show that first, economic integration and social integration have great influence on URI, and their effects are increasing. The significance of spatial integration in URI has gradually reduced. Second, URI levels in counties of the suburbs and exurbs of Chengdu rose from 2000 to 2015, more highly in the suburbs than in the exurbs. URI in counties of the exurbs showed a marked difference. URI in the southeast counties of the exurbs is generally high. The foundation of URI is weaker in the counties and districts in the southwest counties of the exurbs in Chengdu, but it is growing steadily in URI, and the northern counties in the exurbs of Chengdu are in the process of rapid URI. The paths of URI in the suburbs and exurbs in Chengdu can be roughly divided into an industry-developing model in the suburbs, service-industry-developing model in the suburbs, agriculture-developing model in the exurbs, service-industry-developing model in the exurbs and infrastructure-developing model in the exurbs.
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Yang, Xueke (Stephanie), HongGang Xu e Geoffrey Wall. "Creative destruction: the commodification of industrial heritage in Nanfeng Kiln District, China". Tourism Geographies 21, n. 1 (10 novembre 2017): 54–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2017.1388436.
Testo completo
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Shen, Huai Fei. "Analysis on Spatial Distribution of the Road Traffic Noise in Urban District of Xuchang, China". Advanced Materials Research 726-731 (agosto 2013): 3115–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.726-731.3115.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The paper discusses the spatial distribution of the road traffic noise using the monitoring data of the road traffic noise in Xuchang city. The spatial distribution of the road traffic noise in urban district of Xuchang city has notable characteristic. The results indicate that the current situation of traffic noise pollution is a severe threat for people's life in Xuchang city. And the traffic noise in business district is higher than the value of residential district and industrial district. The traffic noise in Weidu district is higher than the value in other district.
38
Geng, Ningbo, Jia Wang, Yifei Xu, Wending Zhang, Chun Chen e Ruiqin Zhang. "PM2.5 in an industrial district of Zhengzhou, China: Chemical composition and source apportionment". Particuology 11, n. 1 (febbraio 2013): 99–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.partic.2012.08.004.
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Yang, Yong, Yang Mei, Chutian Zhang, Ruoxi Zhang, Xiangshen Liao e Yinyin Liu. "Heavy metal contamination in surface soils of the industrial district of Wuhan, China". Human and Ecological Risk Assessment: An International Journal 22, n. 1 (9 ottobre 2015): 126–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10807039.2015.1056291.
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40
Lyu, Lachang, e Linda McCarthy. "“Logalization”: local–global processes and the Shiling leather industrial district in Guangzhou, China". Asian Geographer 32, n. 1 (10 settembre 2014): 37–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10225706.2014.956767.
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41
Jiao, Xudong, Yanguo Teng, Yanhong Zhan, Jin Wu e Xueyu Lin. "Soil Heavy Metal Pollution and Risk Assessment in Shenyang Industrial District, Northeast China". PLOS ONE 10, n. 5 (21 maggio 2015): e0127736. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0127736.
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42
Eastcott, J. L., T. Aramaki, K. Hanaki, Z. Li e J. You. "Assessment of sustainable water management for rapidly developing urban regions in Guangzhou City, China". Water Science and Technology 48, n. 10 (1 novembre 2003): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2003.0538.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Shawan River will be the focal point in the development of the Panyu District, the southern-most district of Guangzhou City in the Guangdong Province of South China. In this research, through the use of two scenarios, the future water quality of the Shawan River was predicted with relation to changes in the water quantity utilized to fuel industrial and domestic development. The worst-case scenario used, simulated the situation if no wastewater treatment was employed, and the best-case scenario simulated the situation if 90% of the pollution load was removed. The period of simulation was for the years 2020 and 2050. Three flowrates were used in the evaluation, those of: the 90% probability of the month of lowest flow (37.2 m3/s); and the range of flowrates within the low flow period, that is, the dry season from November to February (307 and 432 m3/s). Subsequently, two countermeasures (industrial and domestic water savings) - sustainable initiatives - were nested within the two scenarios to ascertain improvements in water quality as a direct result of reduction in water quantity used. The industrial water saving countermeasure showed the greatest improvement in water quality. For the 90% probability of lowest flow for the worst-case scenario, this countermeasure equated to a 63% decrease in BOD. For the low flow period flowrates the background concentration of pollutants was more influential than improvements imparted by the countermeasures to the future predicted water quality. It was recommended that industrial countermeasures be used that take into account water saving, water recycling, the use of brackish water for cooling, and the implementation of economic pricing initiatives. Also that inter-district governmental policy initiatives be introduced to prevent upstream pollution from influencing downstream proposals, further enhancing sustainable water management of the Shawan River.
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Zhao, Xiao Fan, e Yu Han. "Assessment on Industrial Land-Use Fitness in a Resource Based Town". Advanced Materials Research 798-799 (settembre 2013): 1148–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.798-799.1148.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Suitability of industrial land use in Nanfen District of Benxi City, a famous industrial-mining town in China, was evaluated in terms of niche fitness model. Results indicated the most suitable, sub suitable, barely suitable and unsuitable area for industrial land use in Nanfen was 91.23 km2, 182.72 km2, 182.08 km2 and 162.97 km2, respectively. Spatially, the most suitable and sub suitable areas were mainly distributed in urban area, and barely suitable areas were chiefly located in Xiamatang town, however, unsuitable areas were mostly scattered in Sishanling town. Industrial activity should be arranged in the most suitable area, so as to match actual resource niche and minimize environmental pollution and ecological damage.
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Wang, Yixuan, e Bowen Jiang. "Business Survival Inside and Outside of Chinese IT clusters". International Journal of Systems and Service-Oriented Engineering 8, n. 2 (aprile 2018): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijssoe.2018040101.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article examines the geographical effects of industrial clusters on the business survival (BS) of information technology (IT) companies in China. The authors aim to find the differences of BS among inside and outside of the clusters in four different regions by using the methodology of Cox Proportional Hazard Model. The authors find that large sized IT clusters in the Haidian district of Beijing and the Pudong district of Shanghai have higher risks of business withdrawal (BW) than their surrounding areas, whereas the medium-sized cluster in the Nanshan district of Shenzhen and medium-sized IT cluster in the Binjiang district of Hangzhou does not show significant risks compared with their surrounding areas.
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Feng, Ke, Hui Gao, Guang Meng e Qian Li. "The Analysis of Veranda Style Architecture on Modern Times in Qinhuangdao". Advanced Materials Research 1065-1069 (dicembre 2014): 2642–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1065-1069.2642.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Qinhuangdao is one of China's old industrial bases in history. In HaiGang District, there is in industrial heritage, more for industrial workshop or its subsidiaries building heritages. There are a number of distinctive residential buildings, some of them as to foreign senior staff in China at that time. These housing’s construction and architectural features with characteristics of modern architecture. Several instances are selected to study modern architecture in Qinhuangdao city, specifically, targeted at building the verandah in the analysis. In this paper, take the different via as examples, and analyze it. Furthermore, as an exploration of the teaching and practice, lead students doing the reuse of architectural design.
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Zhang, Lianma, Dazhuan Ge, Pan Sun e Dongqi Sun. "The Transition Mechanism and Revitalization Path of Rural Industrial Land from a Spatial Governance Perspective: The Case of Shunde District, China". Land 10, n. 7 (16 luglio 2021): 746. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10070746.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The transition of rural industrial land has a critical role to play in rural revitalization. The study of rural spatial governance is an important starting point for analyzing the processes and exploring the paths through which the transition of rural industrial land takes place. This study takes the case of Shunde District, China, a typical semi-urbanized area, as its research object and constructs an analytical framework for rural industrial land transition based on spatial governance; it uses this case to conduct an analysis of the spatiotemporal processes and dilemmas involved in rural industrial land transition. Hengding Industrial Park is taken as a specific example to study how the processes and mechanisms involved in the transition of rural industrial land work in practice from a spatial governance perspective, and the path of rural revitalization based on rural spatial governance is discussed. The conclusions are as follows: (1) the fragmentation of rural space, the difficulty of renewing rural industrial land, the chaos of ownership, and the incomplete mechanism of the differentiation and game of multiple subjects, are the main obstacles in the process of rural industrial land transition in Shunde District; (2) since the 1990s, the rural industrial land dominant morphology—including quantity, structure, and so on—and the recessive morphology, including property rights, organizational systems, and input–output efficiency, have all undergone significant changes; (3) the comprehensive governance of rural space under the analytical framework of “matter-ownership-organization,” is an important starting point for analyzing the process of transition of rural industrial land. The “top-down” and “bottom-up” approaches, combining rural spatial governance strategy and the effective participation of multiple subjects, are important means of promoting the transition of rural industrial land; (4) rural spatial governance is conducive to promoting the transition of rural land use and the healthy development of rural space. The experience of semi-urbanized regions with rural revitalization is of vital significance for other regions.
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Samuylov, Valeriy M., Dmitry G. Nevolin e Andrey E. Kalashnikov. "The role of the Russia-China transport corridor in the transportation of export goods". Innotrans, n. 4 (2020): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.20291/2311-164x-2020-4-15-20.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article analyzes the role of the export component in the development of the country’s agricultural and coal industry at the current and future stages, and notes the contribution of the agro-industrial complex of the Ural Federal District and other regions to the development of exports from Russia to China. Attention is paid to the transportation of coal and possible problems affecting its demand. The actions of Russian Railways aimed at developing internal infrastructure for transporting more export cargo to the far East are also considered. The importance of the Russia — China transport corridor for the economy of our country is emphasized.
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Li, Yemao, Jianjun Xia, Hao Fang, Yingbo Su e Yi Jiang. "Case study on industrial surplus heat of steel plants for district heating in Northern China". Energy 102 (maggio 2016): 397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.energy.2016.02.105.
Testo completo
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Feng, Yu, Feng Liu, Mei Li, Yibin Cui, Xiaofeng Jiang e Xiezhi Yu. "Risk assessment and ecotoxicological effects of leachates extracted from industrial district soils of Nanjing, China". Ecotoxicology 30, n. 7 (12 gennaio 2021): 1343–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-020-02330-0.
Testo completo
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Yu, Xiao, Xun Jian Long, Yan He e Ying Liu. "Study on Water Measuring Facilities in Water-Saving Irrigation District, China". Advanced Materials Research 1010-1012 (agosto 2014): 1033–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1010-1012.1033.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In recent years, the Chinese government has adjust the implementation of national industrial structure and popularize water saving. However, agricultural water consumption still accounted for more than 60% of the total water content. With the rapid development of economy, the situation of water shortage is becoming increasingly serious. In agriculture production, developing accurate quantity water infrastructure projects can promote water saving on agricultural production and advance the process of water-saving agriculture. Based on the analysis of the current situation of agricultural development in China, this manuscript compared the development of the irrigation district management system since 1950s, and summarized the main factors restricting the construction of water-saving irrigation area. The results show that (1) Irrigation facilities coverage remains to be improved. (2) Low accuracy of measuring water facilities. (3) Lack of economic and practical equipment. In addition, this paper also put forward the research and development direction of quantity of water facilities in future. It can provide useful reference for water-saving agriculture development in China.