Tesi: "Individualism"

1

Reynolds, Joseph. "Individuality or individualism?" Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25120.

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The thesis suggests that there are two discourses of the individual within the culture of modernity and in social philosophy and political theory: individualism and individuality. These are entirely different, but throughout modernity individuality has been submerged by, or conflated with, the dominant discourse of individualism. An aim of the thesis is to attempt to clarify the submerged discourse of individuality by identifying, and constructing or reconstructing, some of its key features. In doing this it uses liberal-individualism as a contrast concept, and thereby implicitly identifies corresponding differences, limits, or omissions in the latter. The core features of individuality (and, in brackets, of individualism) identified and discussed in successive Chapters are: Comprehensive inviolability (Limited Inviolability); Self-Deteermination (Agency); The Possibility of Autonomy Self-Realization and Authenticity (Personal Autonomy); Internal Goods and Being (External Goods and Having); The Ethical and Moral Self (Moral Minimalism); Communalism (Gesellschaft). In the case of each feature, an attempt is made to clarify ways in which it diverges from liberal-individualism.

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2

Canella, Murilo. "A influência de Georg Simmel no pensamento social de Ulrich Beck : pela compreensão do conflito no individualismo e nos processos de individualização /". Araraquara, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/137944.

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Orientador: João Carlos Soares Zuin
Banca: Renata Medeiros Paoliello
Banca: Michel Nicolau Netto
Resumo: Este trabalho intenta demonstrar a influência contemporânea do pensamento de Georg Simmel na perspectiva teórica de Ulrich Beck. Como eixo de estruturação da temática nos moldes do presente estudo, bem como um eixo estruturante presente na obra de Simmel e de Beck, optou-se pelo conceito de individualismo e os processos de individualização dele decorrentes. Essa delimitação - visto que a teoria de ambos autores é vasta e abrange um domínio diverso de objetos - é tanto uma forma de estruturar, dentro da argumentação do estudo, um ponto comum na teoria de ambos autores, como também uma forma de contextualizar dois momentos distintos da modernidade, caracterizados por conflitos que, ao migrarem para outra arena histórica, no caso, da primeira para a segunda modernidade, determinam de forma conflituosa a gramática social. Como metodologia, adotam-se as proposições teóricas da sociologia do conhecimento, bem como da sociologia compreensiva, além do método relacional de Simmel, também presente em Beck, na busca da compreensão de dois momentos distintos da modernidade que guardam um nexo íntimo. Compreender o individualismo e os processos de individualização significa, na perspectiva de Simmel e de Beck, compreender uma forma social que, pela dupla condição de ente autodeterminado concomitantemente à sua inserção em cadeias de dependência social, torna-se um foco do conflito, pois a forma social do indivíduo encerra-se na dependência e na intersecção de círculos sociais cada vez mais vastos, nos quais o indivíduo, pela coerção de uma cultura objetiva que se expande em uma lógica autorreferencial, torna-se historicamente debilitado
Resumen: Este trabajo intenta demostrar la influencia contemporánea del pensamiento de Georg Simmel en la perspectiva teórica de Ulrich Beck. En cuanto eje de la estructuración del tema en los moldes del presente estudio, así como un eje estructural presente en la obra de Simmel y de Beck, se ha optado por el concepto de individualismo e los procesos de individualización de ello decurrente. Esa delimitación - haja visto que la teoria de ambos es vasta y abarca un sinnúmero de objetos - es tanto una forma de estructurar, en la argumentación del estudio, un comum punto en la teoria de ambos autores, como también una forma de contextuar dos distintos momentos de la modernidad, caracterizados, por su vez, por los conflictos que, al emigrar a otro escenaio histórico, en el caso, de la primera a la segunda modernidad, determinam de forma conflictuosa a la gramática social. La metodología sigue las proposiciones teóricas de la sociologia del conocimiento, así como las de la sociología comprensiva, más allá del metodo relacional de Simmel, también presente en Beck, en la búsqueda de la comprensión de dos distintos momentos de la modernidad, a la vez con um cercano nexo. Comprender lo individualismo y los procesos de individualización significa, en la perspectiva de Simmel y de Beck, comprender una forma social que, por su doble condición de ente autocentrado concomitantemente a su inserción en las cadenas de dependencia sociales, tornase un foco del conflicto, pues la forma social del individuo encerrase en la dependencia y en la intersección de los círculos sociales a la vez más vastos, en los cuales el individuo, por la coerción de una cultura objetiva que se expande en una lógica de autorreferencialidad, resulta históricamente débil
Mestre

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3

Fuentes, Pangtay Manuel Alejandro. "Qigong (氣功) e interculturalidad: práctica corporal y pensamiento chino en Barcelona". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399843.

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El interés central de esta investigación ha sido el estudio del qigong en Occidente, visto como una práctica corporal originaria de Asia Oriental que circula en el mercado de consumo de las terapias alternativas. El actual contexto en España, caracterizado por la crisis social, económica y política, ha sido clave para entender el proceso de resignificación e incorporación de algunas ideas y conceptos del pensamiento chino a las propias necesidades de la realidad de los practicantes de qigong. En los estudios preliminares se identificaron tres estilos de qigong, el marcial, el espiritual y el enfocado a la salud. La investigación se concentró en un grupo de formación de monitores de qigong en Barcelona, orientado a la salud preventiva, estilo que se basa en la medicina tradicional china. Siendo el objetivo principal entender la manera en la que los occidentales incorporan elementos del pensamiento chino que sustenta a las prácticas corporales asiáticas orientales, mi interés inicial pretendió investigar ese proceso de significación y resignificación de los rasgos culturales, pautas de comportamiento, ideas, conceptos y cómo los practicantes le dan un sentido diferente y particular a éstas. En la segunda etapa, la triangulación de la propia experiencia de los adeptos desde el contexto de su realidad social, económica y política fue clave en la comprensión del proceso de interpretación, adaptación y apropiación de esta práctica de origen extranjero. Se recurrió a la metodología cualitativa y al método etnográfico. Se realizaron entrevistas aplicando una guía de preguntas abiertas. El trabajo de campo duró tres años; en los dos últimos la observación participante propició que el investigador se integrara al grupo de monitores realizando las prácticas principalmente en España y secundariamente en la República Popular de China. En cuanto a los resultados, se correlacionaron los datos obtenidos en el trabajo de campo con las primeras categorías del marco teórico. En la organización y clasificación de los datos, se observaron y constataron los aprendizajes a nivel mental y cognitivo de los objetivos del curso de formación de monitores de qigong. En una segunda lectura de los resultados, emergieron nuevas categorías que fueron clave para una interpretación más profunda. Se encontró que, aunque el enfoque del qigong estudiado era el de la salud, los adeptos no escapaban a la influencia de la espiritualidad New Age. Otro hallazgo fue que en la toma de sentido imperaba, a nivel inconsciente, el egoísmo o individualismo narcisista característico de las sociedades capitalistas y consumistas de la modernidad. En conclusión, se puede afirmar que el qigong en Occidente ha sido influenciado por el movimiento de la New Age, exaltando una espiritualidad alternativa a los dogmas del pensamiento católico. En el campo de las terapias alternativas, la reinterpretación psicosomática del cuerpo oriental acentúa los valores subjetivos relacionados con los sentimientos y emociones como un intento de superar la división cartesiana del cuerpo y la mente. El individualismo narcisista de la modernidad ha sido definitorio en la reinterpretación y resignificación del sentido original del qigong, experiencias que contrastan y se contraponen a los valores, ideas y conceptos colectivos del pensamiento chino. El exotismo y la orientalización del qigong por parte de los practicantes occidentales parece resurgir históricamente en situaciones de crisis social, económica y política.
The central interest of this research is the study of qigong in the West, seen as a corporal practice, which originated in Central Asia and now circulates in the consumer market of alternative therapies. The current context of Spain, characterized by social, economic and political crises, has been key to understanding the process of re-signification and incorporation of some ideas and concepts of Chinese thought within the necessities of the qiqong practitioners’ reality. In the preliminary studies, three styles of qigong were identified – martial, spiritual, and health-focused. This investigation concentrated on a group in the process of becoming qigong monitors in Barcelona, oriented by the preventive health style sustained in traditional Chinese medicine. The aim of the project has been to comprehend the manner in which Westerners incorporate elements of Chinese thought that sustain East Asia’s corporal practices. The initial interest of the research was directed towards understanding the processes of signification and re-signification of cultural traces, codes of behavior, ideas, and the ways that the practitioners give different and particular meanings. In the second stage, the triangulation of the practitioners’ own experiences with the social, economic and political context was key in comprehending their interpretation, adaptation and appropriation process of this foreign discipline. Using qualitative methodology and ethnographic method, interviews were carried out, applying a guide with open questions. The fieldwork lasted three years; during the last two, participative observation propitiated the researcher to become integrated to the group of monitors whose practices were sustained firstly, in Spain and secondly, in the People's Republic of China. Regarding the results, data obtained in fieldwork was correlated with the first categories of the theoretical frame. In the organization and classification of the information, mental and cognitive levels of learning in the course forming qigong monitors were observed and verified. Through a second reading of the results, new categories emerged that were key to a more profound interpretation: although the focus of the qigong studied was oriented toward health, it was found that the practitioners did not escape the influence of New Age spirituality. Another finding was that in making sense of the practice, on an unconscious level, egoism, or the narcissistic individualism characteristic of capitalist and consumerist societies of modernity, prevailed. In conclusion, it can be affirmed that qigong in the West has been influenced by the New Age movement, exalting a spiritual alternative to the dogmas of Catholic thought. In the field of alternative therapies, the psychosomatic reinterpretation of the Oriental body accentuates the subjective values related to sentiments and emotions, in an attempt to overcome the Cartesian division of mind and body. The narcissistic individualism of Modernity has been definitional in the reinterpretation and re-signification of the original sense of qigong – experiences that contrast with and are counterposed to the collective values, ideas and concepts of Chinese thought. The exoticism and the orientalization of qigong on behalf of Western practitioners seem to resurge historically in situations of social, economic and political crises.

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4

Díez, Xavier 1965. "L'anarquisme individualista a Espanya 1923-1938". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7833.

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La present tesi doctoral té com a objectiu delimitar, descriure i analitzar el discurs ideològic, en clau interna, de l'anarquisme individualista, una de les tendències minoritàries i més mal conegudes de l'anarquisme a Espanya entre 1923 i 1938.
A la part preliminar de la investigació es tracta d'acotar les bases epistemològiques del subjecte d'investigació. I en aquest sentit, es realitza un esforç per tractar d'arribar a una definició sobre l'anarquisme individualista. També s'analitzen els antecedents historiogràfics, es duu a terme un estat historiogràfic de la qüestió i s'exposen els criteris metodològics emprats.
La primera part de la investigació tracta d'analitzar, en capítols successius, els fonaments teòrics de l'individualisme anarquista, ressegueix i descriu els processos de penetració a l'estat espanyol i exposa i analitza la trajectòria de les principals vies de debat i difusió a l'entorn de la teoria individualsta. En el primer cas, l'autor es remunta als orígens ideològics, fonamentats en l'obra fundacional de L'Ego i la seva propietat, del filòsof bavarès Max Stirner. Posteriorment es comenta el substrat filosòfic individualista de procedència nord-americana, amb autors com Henry David Thoreau, Josiah Warren o Benjamin Tucker i es destaca la influència de l'individualisme d'arrel francesa, de finals de segle XIX, amb el rol jugat per anarcoindividualistes com Émile Armand o Han Ryner. En el següent capítol s'exposa l'absència d'un individualisme espanyol autòcton i la dependència ideològica dels corrents foranis, en especial del francès, donats els estrets contactes a banda i banda del Pirineu. També es planteja la qüestió de la diferent intensitat de la presència d'individualisme entre diferents sectors pertanyents al complex univers individualista. També es realitza una descripció de la trajectòria cronològica d'aquest corrent, remuntant-se des de finals del segle XIX, amb la irrupció de la filosofia de Nietzsche, fins a l'acabament de la guerra civil espanyola. El quart capítol enumera els diferents òrgans de propaganda des del qual s'expressa aquest pensament i es descriu breument les tendències individualistes de cadascun d'ells.
La segona part de la investigació analitza, en clau interna, el pensament individualista, a partir del seu material imprès i publicat. Així es descriuen els principis generals, els intens associacionistes, o es comenta el paper dels individualisme al llarg de la guerra civil. Posteriorment es comenten aspectes més concrets, com ara la filosofia educativa del moviment, la extraordinària importància que té la qüestió de l'amor lliure i l'emancipació sexual per als seus seguidors, i altres aspectes complementaris que tindran una extraordinària presència i importància en l'anarquisme individualista com serà l'annacionalisme, l'antimilitarisme i el naturisme.
Es conclou la tesi destacant les aportacions al panorama historiogràfic i a l'esforç realitzat pel seu autor per recuperar la memòria col·lectiva.
The present doctoral research aims to frame, describe and analize the ideological discurse of individualistic anarchism, one of the minoritary and also worset know of anarchism in Spain between 1923 and 1938 tendencies.
The preliminary section of the research we have tried to delimit the epistemological basis of the subject. To this effect, an effort has been made to try to come a definition of individualistic anarchism. As well as this the historiographic background are analized a historiographic estate of the question is carried out the metholical criteria are put forward.
The first part of the research this to analize, in firsts chapters, the theoretical foundations of anarchist individualism, it follows and describes the process of penetration into the Spanish state and put forward as well as analizes the cours of developement of the main means of divulging and debate around the individualistic theory. In the first case the author traces the ideological origins based on the work The Ego and his Own, by the Bavarian philosopher Max Stirner.
Folowing that, a comment is made on the individualistic bachground, with authors in the United States of America, with authors such as Henry David Thoreau, Josiah Warren or Benjamin Tucker, and also on the influence of French individualism from the end of XIXth century, emphasing the role played by individualistic anarchists such as Émile Armand and Han Ryner, as the main representatives of the movement in that country.
The folowing chapter explains the absence of a Spanish autochthonous individualism ant the ideological dependency of foreign corrents, especially those coming from France, given the narrow contacts on both sides of the Pyrinnes. The chapter deals also with the question of the variable intensity of the presence of individualisme among the different sectors/groups belonging to the complex individualistic universe.
The author also describes the cronological evolution on this corrent, from the last decades of the XIXth century -with the irrruption of Nietzsche philosophy- up to the end of the Spanish Civil War.
The fourth chapter numbers the different means of propaganda from which this ideology is expressed (and spread), and it provides a brief description of the particualr individualistic tendencies of each of them.
The second part of the research analyses, from within, the individualististic thinking, drawing the information from the existing written and published materials and sources. This, theri general principles are described as well as theri efforts to create assotiations and the role of individualistic anarchists throghout the Civil War.
Later the author draws the attention on more specific aspects such as the pedagogical principles of the movement, the extraordinary relevance given to the issue of free love and sexual emancipation and other aspects which cull also become of freat relevance fer the movement, such as anationalism, anti-militarism and naturism.
At the end of the reserarch the autor points up his contribution to the historiographical scene and the effort carried out to summon up our conllective memorie.

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5

Scerri, Andrew Joseph, e andy scerri@rmit edu au. "Self-Orienting Individuals: Subjectivity and Contemporary Liberal Individualism". RMIT University. Global Studies Social Science and Planning, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080102.122048.

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This thesis addresses both theories and practices of subjectivity in Anglo-American societies into the twenty-first century. The central argument is that one dominant subjectivity that has emerged in these societies centres on a deep-seated, almost irreconcilable tension. On the one hand, persons experience relatively heightened desires for unbounded lifestyles amidst relatively high levels of affluence and consumption. Meanwhile, on the other hand, the education, skills, and dispositions that persons assume in social worlds make desiring problematic. For example, high-level consumption or workplace flexibility are not necessarily seen as desirable things, yet appear to envelop contemporary lifestyles. Individuated desires form key aspects of an Anglo-American 'way-of-life', but a liberal individualism that emphasizes personal capacities and responsibilities, 'self-improvement' and 'well-being' has arisen, and this makes resolving ethical and existential dilemmas difficult. That is, many worldly dilemmas - concerns with material security, social justice, the environment, or nutrition, for example - seem irreconcilable to the liberal individualism that is 'lived' as subjectivity 'on the ground'. The thesis synthesizes social anthropology and social theory to ground its claims about the empirical world that sees subjectivity as 'being' human for particular social worlds. The approach is designed to look at situations that call upon self-orienting individuals, in order to explain how these represent the form of life that an 'immediate' self-projecting and orienting, self-asserting and 'creative' dominant subjectivity takes in Anglo-American societies. The argument develops a number of examples in the context of a theory-based approach in two registers: normative and ontological. Inquiry over an ontological register discusses the social formation of subjectivity in relation to the 'categories' of spatiality, temporality, embodiment, and institutionality, and the social constitution of subjectivity over coeval somatic, practical-ethological, and reflexive 'layers of affect'. Inquiry over a normative register discusses practical and discursive conditions, and relates the overall argument to a critique of normativity based in the claim that 'being' requires that norm-based and relational contexts can affectively 'legitimate' ongoing sociality. In summary, the thesis has two dimensions. It argues that this dominant subjectivity moves between sovereign desires for satisfactions and their atomized dissatisfactions, and turns on a sustained deferral of worldly dilemmas irreconcilable to the liberal individualism that is seen to both anchor and impel ongoing sociality. Secondly, it suggests that we need to rethink theories of subjectivity in order to understand better this new dominant form of life.

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6

Monzani, João Marcelo Amaral Reimão. "Uma abordagem do romance Kokoro de Natsume Sôseki". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8157/tde-25052012-103636/.

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A presente dissertação tem como objetivo uma aproximação crítica à obra de ficção Kokoro de autoria de Natsume Sôseki publicada em 1914. Como eixo temático central dessa abordagem foi escolhida a tópica do individualismo primordial na obra em foco e em sua fortuna crítica. Inicialmente, no capítulo 1, buscamos traçar as significações centrais do conceito em questão, qual seja, o individualismo na visão de pensadores e escritores ocidentais. Em seguida, no capítulo 2, verificamos como essa noção foi tratada pelo autor, para além do plano ficcional, na palestra Meu individualismo proferida em 1914, texto esse inédito em português que traduzimos para esse trabalho. Finalmente, no capítulo 3, realizamos uma leitura por via da crítica literária do romance Kokoro, sempre com ênfase em nosso recorte temático.
This dissertation is centered in a critical reading of the novel Kokoro, published in 1914, by Natsume Soseki. As the central thematic axis of our research it was chosen the notion of individualism given its importance to the analysed novel and its critical reception. First, in chapter 1, we tried to clarify the concept of individualism and its central meanings. Then, in chapter 2, we examined how such notion has been worked upon by the writer not in his fictional prose, but in a lecture called My individualism, which has been translated for the first time into Portuguese for our specific purpose. Finally, in chapter 3, we have critically examined the novel, always bearing in mind our thematic focus.

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7

Weiss, Raquel Andrade. "Émile Durkheim e a fundamentação social da moralidade". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-29062011-124920/.

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Esta tese possui dois objetivos fundamentais, quais sejam, 1) a apresentação de um aspecto da obra de Durkheim que consiste em enunciados sobre o dever ser moral 2) a discussão em torno da fundamentação possível de sua defesa de um ideal moral específico, o individualismo, e de sua proposta de institucionalização de uma moral laica. A tese central é a de tudo aquilo que ele afirma como dever ser corresponde a um ideal criado coletivamente, portanto, sua fundamentação é a própria coletividade. A defesa desse ideal em detrimento de outro qualquer se dá pela avaliação, por parte de sua ciência, de que ele corresponde à lógica imanente de sua sociedade sendo, portanto, normal, desejável e necessário.
I have to main purposes in this thesis, which are 1) to present an aspect of Durkheims work that is basically about what morals should be and 2) look for a plausible grounding of this very specific moral ideal sustained by him, which himself refers as individualism, and of his proposals regarding the institutionalization of a secular moral education. The main thesis to be sustained affirms that all his arguments regarding what moral should or ought to be corresponds to an ideal collectively created, therefore, its ground is collectivity itself. Defending this particular ideal instead of any other possible one depends upon the evaluation made possible by his science that it corresponds to the intrinsic rationale of his own society, therefore, is both normal and desirable.

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8

Sabolo, Fabrice. "L'amour à l'âge de l'individualisme". Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST0056.

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La relation d'amour vécue au sein du couple et de la conjugalité a connu, sous l'essor de l'individualisme, de profonds changements. L'individualisme, manière d'être au monde et de se rapporter aux autres, a ainsi induit de nouvelles façons de vivre l'amour. En partant d'un contexte précis – notre millénaire naissant –, cette thèse s'efforce de dégager quelques-uns des grands enjeux philosophiques touchant les relations amoureuses aujourd'hui, pour proposer ensuite une analyse détaillée de l'amour et de son rapport à la personne, et tenter par là de répondre aux questions qui se posent désormais. La première partie est donc essentiellement descriptive et aporétique. Elle débute par une brève analyse historique et conceptuelle de l'individualisme, qui permet de préciser le sens général de cette notion, à partir d'auteurs tels que Louis Dumont, Marcel Gauchet, Alain Renaut, Benjamin Constant, Alexis de Tocqueville… C'est ainsi que l'on introduit la distinction entre l'individualisme « politique » (qui marque la naissance de l'individualisme) et l'individualisme « narcissique », qui en est la continuation et l'imprégnation dans nos mœurs quotidiennes, notamment à travers la société de consommation. Une fois ces prémisses posées sont étudiées les conséquences de l'individualisme narcissique sur le couple, les relations amoureuses et conjugales. Cette partie s'appuie plus particulièrement sur les travaux de sociologues (François de Singly, Jean-Claude Kaufmann, Zygmunt Bauman, Gilles Lipovetsky, Christopher Lasch…). Sont abordés notamment les points suivants : le conflit entre l'amour et la liberté individuelle des conjoints ; le contrat amoureux ; la sculpture du couple à partir du projet des conjoints ; le choix amoureux (sa difficulté, sa fragilité, ce qui le conditionne…) ; les amours fusionnel et fissionnel ; l'influence de la société de consommation sur l'amour et le couple ; les approches matérialistes de l'amour. L'objectif de cette première partie, largement nourrie d'écrits sociologiques, n'est pas tant de donner une description du couple contemporain que de dégager, à travers les tensions qui s'y manifestent, les principales questions philosophiques qu'il pose, pour proposer ensuite un cheminement philosophique apportant des éléments de réponse. La deuxième partie, qui ouvre le travail d'analyse et de compréhension de l'amour en lui-même, s'articule autour des visions platonicienne et aristotélicienne de l'amour-éros et l'amour-philia. Elle a pour but de montrer que la vision platonicienne continue d'imprégner notre rapport à l'amour, notamment à travers la fusion et le sentiment amoureux. Pour ce faire, elle commence par étudier les textes de Platon relatifs à l'éros, pour voir ensuite, avec José Ortega y Gasset, puis Denis de Rougemont, combien l'amour est encore compris et appréhendé à partir de cette approche. Puis elle introduit la notion d'amour d'amitié, comme une réponse possible à cette première vision. C'est ainsi qu'elle considère l'analyse que propose Aristote de la philia, et s'efforce de montrer son actualité. La troisième partie, qui poursuit les investigations de la deuxième, commence par analyser les trois grandes formes de l'amour qui habitent l'homme : l'amour instinctif, l'amour sensible et l'amour spirituel, dit « personnel ». Sur cette base-là, elle poursuit sur une analyse de l'amour d'amitié, non plus chez Aristote, mais à partir de l'expérience. À l'occasion de l'étude de ses grandes dimensions (le réalisme de l'amour, le premier amour, l'intention, le choix, la liberté en amour, la fidélité…), sont proposées des réponses aux questions posées dans la première partie. C'est ainsi que l'on présente l'amour d'amitié comme une réponse et une alternative possibles à l'approche individualiste de l'amour, qui voit dans ce dernier une relation contractuelle basée sur un partage d'intérêt
Love in the age of individualism - [Summary by Reverso] The relation of love lived within the couple and within the conjugality knew, under the development of the individualism, the deep changes. The individualism, the way of being to the world and to relate to the others, so led(inferred) new manners to live love. By leaving of a precise context - our rising millennium-, this thesis(theory) tries hard to clear(release) some of the big philosophic stakes affecting(touching) the affairs today, to propose then a detailed analysis of love and its report(relationship) to the person, and try there to answer questions that arise from now on

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9

Gravelle, Émilie. "Relation entre l'attachement, la différenciation du soi et la triangulation dans la famille d'origine chez les femmes /". Thèse, Chicoutimi : Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi. Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2003. http://theses.uqac.ca.

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Thèse (M.Ps.) -- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, en association avec Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2003.
Bibliogr.: f. [90]-99. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

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10

Gao, Yi. "Bursting bubbles a moving image exploration of contemporary Chinese individuality : an thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Art and Design (MA&D), 2008 /". Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/485.

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This thesis is a practical project which involves moving images and paintings together as a medium that explores phenomena of contemporary China relating to personal identity, independence and its relationship with the traditional importance on collective groups, group centredness and interdependence. The project’s approach draws on sociological research on Western thought, values and beliefs naturally occurring in China since the “Open Door” policy as raw data to focus on the transition and transformation of contemporary Chinese individuality, and translates these data to form the concepts underpinning the metaphoric method of my artwork. Bubbles are the main visual symbols that metaphorically imply the incessantly transformable Chinese individuality and social cultural identity. My aim has been to portray this phenomenon through artistic practices on screens. By reflecting and engaging with moving images and paintings, underpinned by theoretical research and methods including data collecting, self-reflecting on data, practical manifestation and self-inquiry, I have attempted to unfold the phenomenon of contemporary Chinese individuality through my art practice. The thesis is composed as a creative work of moving images accompanied by an exegesis component. The moving image represents a nominal 80%, and the exegesis 20% of the final submission.

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Dettoni, Josenir Lopes. "(PÓS-)INDIVIDUALISMO E MEIO-AMBIENTE: perspectivas de um olhar responsável para o futuro". Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2017. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/6471.

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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
Com o título de “(Pós-)Individualismo e meio ambiente: perspectivas de um olhar responsável para o futuro”, a proposta da Tese é discutir eticamente o problema dos desafios ecológicos em um tempo de moral individualista. Uma produção filosófica com essas características justifica-se pela possível contribuição ética frente à iminência de uma crise ambiental global que pode causar danos irreparáveis à natureza, grave acirramento de problemas sociais e prejudicar seriamente a qualidade de vida das gerações futuras. Com esse propósito, a problemática aqui abordada pode ser traduzida por meio dos seguintes questionamentos centrais: Como um cenário moral individualista impacta na questão de nossa responsabilidade ético-ambiental? É possível pensar em uma contribuição filosófica para a superação dos problemas decorrentes desse quadro? Para atingir seus objetivos, o presente trabalho utiliza como principal referencial filosófico a teoria da Ética da Responsabilidade, de Hans Jonas, em especial como apresentada em sua obra O Princípio Responsabilidade: ensaio de uma ética para a civilização tecnológica. Os procedimentos metodológico-filosóficos aqui adotados também foram desenvolvidos pelo mesmo autor ao destacar princípios de investigação sobre ética do futuro. Por fim, após uma breve apresentação dos principais elementos do problema ecológico atual e de uma análise sobre o individualismo contemporâneo, a Tese sustenta, como proposta de contribuição para o enfrentamento dessa grave adversidade, a necessidade de um discurso moral que suprassuma o individualismo, um discurso pós-individualista, e suscita questões éticas de relevância voltadas para o futuro.
Titled “(Post-) Individualism and the Environment: perspectives on a responsible future world-view”, the proposal for this thesis is to discuss the ethics behind problems regarding the environmental challenges in a morally individualistic world. Philosophical work with these characteristics is justified by the potential ethical contributions in the face of an imminent global environmental crisis that could cause irreversible damage to nature, serious aggravation of social problems, and severely reduce the quality of life of future generations. With this scope, the problematic thus presented can be translated into two central questions: How does a morally individualistic scenario impact our ethical-environmental responsibility? Is it possible to think about philosophical work that drives the overcoming of the problems portrayed on this framework? In order to reach its scope, the present work uses as a main reference, the theory of Ethical Responsibility from Hans Jonas, especially as it is presented on his work, The Imperative of Responsibility: In Search of an Ethics for the Technological Age. The philosophical methodologies hereby employed were also developed by the same author, highlighting research principles about future ethics. Finally, after a brief presentation of the main elements of the present environmental problem, and an analysis about contemporary individualism, this thesis supports, as a contribution to coping with this dire adversity, the necessity of a moral discourse that overtakes individualism, a post-individualist discourse, and the rise of central ethical questions relevant to the future.

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12

Eaker, Lisa. "The Social Sacrifices of Being Modern". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/26233.

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Finding conceptual tools that lend themselves to the creation of consensus is no easier in an age of mass communication, mass transportation or mass education, than it was in earlier less "modern," technology adventurous, times. In fact, as I argue in this dissertation, modernity can be analyzed and experienced as being anathema to those characteristics upon which consensus can be built. This dissertation examines why this is the case and what may be done to ameliorate the worst excesses of modernity while building on its greatest strengths.
Ph. D.

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13

Chimene, António Marcos. "A independência dos auditores em Moçambique : efeito cultural". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/4466.

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Mestrado em Contabilidade, Fiscalidade e Finanças Empresariais
Este estudo pretendeu analisar a importância dos factores que afectam a independência dos auditores (ou seja, as necessidades do investidor, retenção de clientes, valores e obrigações profissionais e pressões de tempo/ orçamentárias) em dois cenários e, em fase de realização dos trabalhos de auditoria. O primeiro cenário (caso 1) está relacionado com pressão de tempo em face de prazo de entrega do relatório de auditoria enquanto o segundo (caso 2) refere-se a relação especial com o cliente de auditoria. A amostra é composta por 60 auditores Moçambicanos de 6 empresas de auditoria que operam em Moçambique. No caso 1, os resultados sugerem que a promessa da firma de auditoria de entregar relatório no prazo estabelecido foi a principal e único factor com poder explicativo sobre a decisão de fazer mais trabalho de auditoria antes de assinar o relatório. No caso 2, os resultados sugerem que a influência do problema de tempo vs orçamento e a situação de emprego do auditor, na sua relação com seu antigo colega e superior hierárquico, foi o principal factor com poder explicativo sobre a decisão de fazer mais trabalho de auditoria antes de assinar o relatório. O segundo factor mais importante foi incapacidade da firma de auditoria de facturar o cliente pelos trabalhos adicionais. Por último, nos dois cenários, os resultados sugerem que a associação entre o Colectivismo de Hofstede (1991) e a decisão do auditor de efectuar trabalho adicional de auditoria foi positiva e fraca.
This research examine the importance of the factors affecting the independence of auditors (i.e., investor needs, client retention, professional values and obligations, and time/ budget pressures) on two scenarios, and in progress of audit work. The first scenario (case 1) is related to time pressure in the face of delivery of the audit report while the second (case 2) refers to the special relationship with the audit client. The sample includes 60 Mozambicans auditors from six audit firms operating in Mozambique. In case 1, the results suggest that the promise of the audit firm to deliver the report within the prescribed period was the main and unique factor with explanatory power on the decision to do more work before signing off on the audit report. In case 2, the results suggest that the influence of time-budget problem and employment status of the auditor, in his relationship with his former colleague and superior, was the primary factor for doing more work prior to signing off on the audit. The second most important factor was the inability of the audit firm to bill the customer for additional work. Finally, in both scenarios, the results suggest that the Hofstede's Individualism vs. Collectivism (1991) was positive and weakly associated with the auditor's decision to perform additional audit work.

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Pinheiro, Bruno Miguel Braia. "Independência dos auditores portugueses : o efeito cultural". Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/5906.

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Mestrado em Contabilidade, Fiscalidade e Finanças Empresariais
Este estudo pretendeu analisar a importância dos factores que afectam a independência dos auditores (ou seja, as necessidades do investidor, retenção de clientes, valores e obrigações profissionais e pressões de tempo/orçamentárias), em dois cenários e em fase de realização dos trabalhos de auditoria. O primeiro cenário (caso 1) está relacionado com a pressão de tempo em face do prazo de entrega do relatório de auditoria, enquanto que o segundo (caso 2) se refere à relação próxima com o cliente de auditoria. A amostra é composta por 100 auditores que exercem actividade em Portugal. No caso 1, os resultados sugerem que a importância da confiança dos accionistas na profundidade da auditoria foi o principal e único factor com poder explicativo sobre a decisão de fazer mais trabalho de auditoria antes de assinar o relatório de auditoria. No caso 2, os resultados sugerem que a obrigação do auditor de servir como representante independente na investigação de todas as questões relevantes foi o principal factor com poder explicativo sobre a decisão de fazer mais trabalho de auditoria antes de assinar o relatório de auditoria. Nos dois cenários, os resultados sugerem que não existe associação entre a construção de individualismo de Hofstede (1991) e a decisão do auditor de efectuar trabalho adicional de auditoria. A média dos factores do colectivismo é ligeiramente superior à média dos factores do individualismo, sugerindo uma ligeira tendência dos auditores portugueses para serem colectivistas. Verificámos, por análise de regressão linear, que as características sociodemográficas, em ambos os casos, não influenciam a probabilidade de fazer trabalho adicional antes de assinar o relatório de auditoria.
This research examines the importance of factors that influence audit independence (i.e., investor needs, client retention, professional values and obligations, and time budget pressures) in two scenarios and in an audit work environment. Case 1 is related with pressure of signing off the audit engagement and case 2 refers to the tenure relationship between audit team and the client (former audit member). The sample includes 100 external auditors working in Portugal. In case 1, the results suggest that stockholder’s reliance on the thoroughness of the audit was the primary factor for doing more work prior to signing off on the audit. In case 2, the results suggest that auditor’s obligation to serve as the independent representative in investigating all relevant matters was the primary factor for doing more work prior to signing off on the audit. In both scenarios, results suggest that there is no association between Hofstede construction of individualism (1991) and the decision of doing more work prior to signing off on the audit. The mean of colectivism factors is slightly superior than the mean of individualism factors, suggesting that there is a minor tendency to Portuguese auditors to act accordingly to collectivism construction of Hofstede. Based on a regression analysis we found that social-demographic characteristics, in both scenarios, do not influence the probability of doing more work prior to signing off on the audit.

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Oliveira, Eduardo Moura Pereira. "Diagnósticos da tormenta individual nas obras de Antonioni e Bergman: teorias, trilogias e travessias". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2013. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=8383.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
Este trabalho pretende examinar a relação entre a Trilogia da Incomunicabilidade, de Michelangelo Antonioni, a Trilogia do Silêncio, de Ingmar Bergman e a teoria social. Parto da hipótese de que essa relação se dá através de canais de interlocução entre as narrativas ficcionais e a sociologia. O foco será dado nas teorias sobre a condição do indivíduo moderno, especificamente, as obras de Georg Simmel e Norbert Elias. Temas como a indiferença, a solidão e o esvaziamento de sentido serão observados nas trilogias tendo em vista uma tendência à fragilização dos laços individuais com o outro. Algumas cenas serão tomadas como modalidades específicas de um problema sociológico, de maneira a atestar, junto às teorias, a coexistência de versões poéticas do drama individual nas sociedades modernas.
This thesis aims to review the relationship between the Trilogy of Incommunicability, by Michelangelo Antonioni, the Trilogy of Silence by Ingmar Bergman, and social theory. It is based on the hypothesis that this relationship occurs through channels of dialogue between fictional narratives and sociology. The focus will be on the theories about the condition of the modern individual, specifically in the works of Georg Simmel and Norbert Elias. Themes such as loneliness, indifference and the lack of meaning will be observed focusing on the tendency to the weakening of individual bonds with one another. Some scenes will be taken as specific modalities of a sociological problem, in order to testify, along with the theories, the coexistence of poetic versions of the individual drama in modern societies.

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Udehn, Lars. "Methodological individualism : background, history and meaning /". London : Routledge, 2001. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb39075830d.

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17

Kesten, Harry Alan. "American individualism : an examination and critique /". Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008366.

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18

Bishop, Philip Schuyler. "Three theories of individualism". [Tampa, Fla.] : University of South Florida, 2007. http://purl.fcla.edu/usf/dc/et/SFE0002154.

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19

Hook, Joshua N. "Forgiveness, Individualism, and Collectivism". VCU Scholars Compass, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10156/1451.

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20

Luz, Manuel Ramon Souza 1980. "Porque a economia não é uma ciência evolucionária : uma hipótese antropológica a respeito das origens cristãs do Homo Economicus". [s.n.], 2013. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286214.

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Orientador: Paulo Sérgio Fracalanza
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Economia
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Resumo: Inspirada pelos escritos do antropólogo francês Louis Dumont, a Tese apresenta uma interpretação inovadora para compreender a gênese da ideia de indivíduo econômico. O trabalho procura mostrar como a ideia de indivíduo, que nas ciências econômicas adquiriu o rótulo de Homo Economicus, pode ser entendida como o resultado do avanço e da hegemonia da doutrina cristã no pensamento ocidental. Buscando complementar outras interpretações acerca da construção da ideia de indivíduo na economia, o trabalho se centra na compreensão dos meios pelos quais a "noção de pessoa" ocidental foi sendo elaborada, explicitando sua referência cristã e, no mesmo sentido, mostrando como o indivíduo das elaborações econômicas, especialmente aquele da teorização neoclássica, pode ser entendido como uma manifestação desta referência religiosa. O trabalho mostra que a concepção de indivíduo não é mera constatação objetiva, acessível pela razão, como a economia neoclássica assume. Pelo contrário, a visão econômica e ocidental de indivíduo é entendida aqui como resultado de um hábito de pensamento estritamente religioso
Abstract: Inspired by the writings of the French anthropologist Louis Dumont the Thesis presents an innovative interpretation to understand the genesis of the idea of the individual. The work seeks to show that the idea of the individual, which economics coined with the label of Homo Economicus, might be understood as the result of the advance and hegemony of Christian doctrine in Western thought. In order to complement other interpretations about the construction of the idea of the individual in economics, this work focuses specially on the understanding of the ways by which the western "notion of person" was elaborated. It explains the emergence of a Christian orientation and at the same time shows how the individual from economic elaborations, especially the one of neoclassical theory can be understood as a manifestation of this religious reference. The work clarifies that the conception of the individual is not objective and accessible by reason as neoclassical economics and western thought in general assumes. Rather, the economic vision of the individual is understood here as a result of a strictly religious habit of thought
Doutorado
Teoria Economica
Doutor em Ciências Econômicas

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Junior, José David Borges. "As máscaras de Robinson Crusoe: a representação do individualismo moderno em Daniel Defoe e Mozael Silveira". Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8156/tde-14112012-121342/.

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Esta dissertação visa a estudar as metamorfoses do individualismo moderno em duas produções culturais distintas, concebidas em civilizações e contextos históricos também diversos, a saber: Reino Unido, à época da Revolução Inglesa e Brasil, em tempos de ditadura militar. Para isso, realizou-se uma análise comparativa entre as obras Robinson Crusoe, de Daniel Defoe e As aventuras de Robinson Crusoé, de Mozael Silveira. Assim, foi possível verificar como a literatura e o cinema, entendidos como campos narrativos, funcionam em processos dialógicos, encenando problemáticas sociais, históricas e ideológicas por meio de suas construções discursivas e linguagens próprias, de modo a simbolizar o mundo e oferecer, ao pesquisador, novas formas ou modelos para compreensão da realidade e, portanto, do próprio entendimento acerca do supracitado conceito.
This dissertation aims to study the metamorphoses of modern individualism into two distinct cultural productions, designed in civilizations and historical contexts also distinct, namely: United Kingdom, at the time of the English Revolution and Brazil, in times of military dictatorship. For both, the comparative analysis works as a method of investigation between Robinson Crusoe, by Daniel Defoe and As aventuras de Robinson Crusoé, by Mozael Silveira. In this way, was possible to verify as literature and cinema, understood as narrative fields, works in dialogic processes, staging social, historical and ideological problems through their own languages and discursive constructions, to symbolize the world and offer, for the researcher, new forms or models for understanding of reality and, therefore, the understanding of that concept.

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Cyr, Caroline. "Relations entre la différenciation du soi, la triangulation intergénérationnelle et l'ajustement dyadique des femmes vivant la transition à la parentalité /". Thèse, Chicoutimi : Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi. Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2003. http://theses.uqac.ca.

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Thèse (M.Ps.) -- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, en association avec Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2003.
Bibliogr.: f. [92]-109. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

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23

Uka, Arbnora, e Sir Kristina Benjamin. "Individualism Bland Kollektivism : En studie om attityd gentemot individualism bland nyanlända syrier i Sverige". Thesis, Högskolan för lärande och kommunikation, Högskolan i Jönköping, HLK, Globala studier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-37024.

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Forselius, Eriksson Jenni. "Individualism i vårt samhälle och arbetsliv". Thesis, Karlstad University, Division for Educational Sciences, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-172.

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Vårt samhälle är idag ett föränderligt kunskapssamhälle som ställer allt högre krav på oss medborgare. Från att vårt samhälle har varit mer kollektivistiskt, har det börjat ta några stadiga kliv mot ett mer individualistiskt samhälle. Idag kräver vårt arbetsliv allt mer av oss medborgare och det kräver att vi tar fram det bästa hos var och en av oss. Därmed har jag som avsikt att undersöka om arbetstagare på en specifik arbetsplats, märkt av denna förändring som sker enligt författare som forskar på området. Att vi har gått från det kollektiva till ett mer individinfluerat samhälle. Jag vill undersöka om det har implementerats i vårt arbetsliv eller om det ännu endast hänger i luften. Jag vände mig till en offentlig förvaltning med 102 deltagare som gjorde ett aktivt ställningstagande. Undersökningen gav mig möjligheten att se om kvinnor och män skiljer sig i sitt ställningstagande, i de påståendena som fanns. Jag hade en förförståelse om att det skulle finnas skillnader, men jag blev förvånad när jag upptäckte att det inte fanns några markanta skillnader mellan könen i flera ståndpunkter.

Our society today is a changing knowledge society that brings higher demands from it’s citizens. From that our society has been more collectivistic, it has been taking some large steps towards a more individualistic society. Today our working life demands more of us citizens and that demands us that we can take our best in each of us. Whit that I have an intention to investigate if the employees in a specific place of work. If they have notes something of these changing that happens, according to authors who are researching in the area. The fact that we have gone from the collective society to a more individual influenced society. I want to investigate if there has been implemented in our working society or if the collectivistic “still is hanging in the air”. I turned to a public administration whit 102 participants that made an active position in the questioners I gave them. The investigation gave me the opportunity to see if women and men are difference in there point of view. I thought it would be differences between the sexes, but I was surprised when I discovered that there wasn’t any remarkable difference between the sexes in several questions.

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Ma, Qianli. "Individualism in Akutagawa Ryunosuke's Writings". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/560775.

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Sarrazin, Timothy M. C. "Reading the Handmaid's tale". Thesis, Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2002. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B25262014.

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Soler, Alsina Lluís. "Jo S.A.: individualisme possessiu versus jo relacional en la modernitat líquida". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/670031.

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Aquesta investigació pretén analitzar i comprendre, dins el context de l’auge del neoliberalisme i de la modernitat líquida, la configuració d’una nova visió de l’individu en què la noció de propietat privada coexisteix amb l’auge de diverses formes d’accés a béns i serveis en plataformes col·laboratives. Amb el rerefons històric de l’estret lligam entre possessió ―de terres i béns, però també del propi cos― i legitimació del capitalisme, es pretén copsar el significat i l’abast que en l’actualitat hom atorga a l’accés, la compartició o la propietat i quin és el seu paper en la en la configuració del jo. Aquesta recerca combina les aportacions teòriques i conceptuals de diverses disciplines amb l’anàlisi de textos representatius de la literatura popular i professional d’autoajuda, management i màrqueting.
This research aims the analysing and understanding, within the current context of a rising neoliberalism and the so called Liquid modernity, the configuration of a different view of the individual itself in which the notion of private property coexists with the rising of new different ways to have access to goods and services located on collaborative platforms. With the historical background of the close link between possession ―of land and property, but also of the very body itself― and legitimization of capitalism, it is intended to fully understand the currently given meanings and scope to the concepts of access, sharing or ownership as well as their role in the shaping of every own’s one-self. This research combines theoretical and conceptual contributions from several disciplines with the analysing of popular and professional literature on self-help, business management and marketing.

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Pires, Pedro Giovanetti Cesar. "Os anos de aprendizado de Wilhelm Meister e as formas de individualismo dos séculos XVIII e XIX". Universidade de São Paulo, 2014. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8132/tde-27042015-121729/.

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Esta pesquisa propõe-se investigar o romance Os anos de aprendizado de Wilhelm Meister, de Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832), publicado em 1796. Nosso objetivo é realizar, com a análise do romance, uma reconstrução sociológica da noção de formação do indivíduo expressa na obra, articulando-a com o processo de emeregência da noção moderna de liberdade individual. Para tanto, recorre-se a três conceitos-chave do pensamento de Georg Simmel: o conceito de cultura, individualismo quantitativo e individualismo qualitativo. Ao relacionar o enredo do romance com as transformações na estrutura social ocorridas nos séculos XVIII e XIX, as quais são analisadas a partir dos conceitos de Simmel, nosso objetivo é esclarecer a visão de modernidade que se apresenta na obra de Goethe, bem o seu potencial crítico relativo à questão da liberdade individual.
This research aims to investigate the novel Wilhelm Meisters Apprenticeship by Johann Wolfgang von Goethe (1749-1832), published in 1796. Our goal is to build, with the analysis of the novel, a sociological reconstruction from the idea of individual self-cultivation which the novel express and articulate this idea with the process of construction of the modern individual freedom ideal. To perform that, this research uses three key-concepts from Georg Simmel: the concept of culture, quantitative individualism and qualitative individualism. By relating the novels story with the changes of the social structure in the XVIII and XIX centuries, our objective is to clarify the vision of modernity from Goethes novel, as well explore its critical potential on the subject of individual freedom.

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Silva, Kelly Janaína Souza da. "Indivíduo e a sociedade do espetáculo : uma releitura a partir da ética das virtudes". reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2014. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/912.

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A partir do exame minucioso de alguns aspectos da sociedade hodierna, e como são vivenciados sob a ótica de uma reivindicação ética, o objetivo dessa dissertação é compreender, analisando e comparando, o agir ético e moral de culto à aparência e ao sucesso em nossos tempos, com a moral das virtudes (eupraxia) e o conceito de felicidade (eudaimonía) aristotélicos. Assim, por meio de pesquisa bibliográfica, descrição de fenômenos atuais e abordagem que parte de conceitos-chave (como a felicidade, o prazer, a virtude, o ser, a comunidade e a prudência), retomados da ética aristotélica e reinterpretados por filósofos contemporâneos, demonstrar como a Ética das Virtudes pode contribuir ao resgate do viver bem e conduzir-se bem sem abrir mão do desfrute de outros bens tão caros aos indivíduos contemporâneos.
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From the scrutiny of some aspects of current society, and how it is experienced from the perspective of an ethical claim, the objective of this dissertation is to understand, analyzing and comparing the ethical and moral act of worship to appearance and to success in our times, with the moral virtues (eupraxia) and the concept of Aristotelian happiness (eudaimonía). Thus, through bibliographic research, current phenomenon description and key concepts (such as happiness, pleasure, virtue, being, the community and prudence), taken from the Aristotelian Ethics and reinterpreted by contemporary philosophers, to demonstrate how Virtue Ethics can contribute to the rescue of good life and lead own life well without giving up enjoy other importants properties to contemporary individuals.

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Santos, Gilmar do Nascimento. "Liberdade e individualismo no pensamento de J. S. Mill". Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2015. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9131.

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A presente dissertação constitui uma investigação no campo da filosofia moral moderna, acerca do surgimento de um traço constitutivo das principais teorias morais modernas: o individualismo. Esse conceito é examinado, principalmente, à luz da filosofia prática de John Stuart Mill. A investigação inicia-se com a análise da emergência da moderna tradição dos direitos naturais, surgida com o escopo de equacionar os dilemas morais advindos de um contexto histórico-cultural particular. Em seguida, investiga-se o surgimento da tradição moral utilitarista e sua crítica ao moderno jusnaturalismo. A seguir, analisa-se como o próprio utilitarismo, contudo, torna-se objeto de críticas que incidem sobre o que seria a) a sua incapacidade de elaborar uma concepção de vida humana qualitativamente distinta da vida de outros animais; e b) sobre a insuficiente consideração do utilitarismo pelas liberdades individuais. A dissertação investiga, pois, os esforços de Mill para fazer frente a tais críticas e, assim, "redescrever" a tradição utilitarista. As tentativas de Mill de responder às críticas feitas ao utilitarismo o afastam da formulação clássica dessa escola de pensamento. Mill torna-se, assim, um utilitarista sui generis. A presente dissertação sugere que Mill, ao objetivar resguardar o utilitarismo das críticas que esta tradição recebera, elabora uma das mais influentes teorias morais individualistas da contemporaneidade.
The present dissertation is an investigation in the field of modern moral philosophy, about the appearance of a constitutive feature of the main modern moral theories: the individualism. This concept is examined, especially in the light of practical philosophy of John Stuart Mill. The investigation begins with the analysis of the emergence of modern natural rights tradition, which rose with the scope of equating moral dilemmas coming from a particular historical and cultural context. Then is investigated the appearance of utilitarian moral tradition and its critique of modern natural law. Next, is analyzed how utilitarianism itself, however, becomes the object of criticism which incides on what would be a) its inability to elaborate a conception of qualitatively distinct human life from the life of other animals; b) about the insufficient consideration of utilitarianism over individual freedoms. The dissertation investigates therefore Mill's efforts to confront such criticisms and thus "re-describe" the utilitarian tradition. Mill's attempts to answer criticisms of utilitarianism turn him away from the classic formulation of this school of thought. Mill becomes thus a sui generis utilitarian. The present dissertation suggests that Mill, by targeting protect the utilitarianism from the criticisms that this tradition received, elaborates one of the most influential individualistic moral theories of contemporaneity.

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Sjöbeck, Anna, e Emelie Zigon. "Kollegialitet och individualism : en identitetskonflikt i revisorers vardag?" Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för hälsa och samhälle, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-12311.

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The research of organizational structure and control in the audit profession suggest that there is a contradiction in that auditors should both nurture collegialities while they at the same time have their own responsibility for their individual development and career. This creates a competitive situation among colleagues who in return are expected to maintain a good social relationship and team spirit with each individual. Subsequently, being part of the collegiality and being highly individualistic, gives rise to a theoretical dilemma where these opposing forces are supposed to coincide with each other.The purpose of this paper is to create a bigger understanding of how auditors at major accounting firms can handle the conflict that arises. In order to explore this dilemma, we conducted a qualitative study based on an abductive approach. We have made seven semi-structured interviews from a localistic view. In addition, we have limited our sample to auditors in the Big 4 of southern Sweden.Furthermore, we have chosen to analyse the conflict from an identity perspective to better understand how auditors can relate to both collegiality and individualism. Through this study we have concluded that it only looks like a paradox in theory. Our empirical evidence suggests that this is not a practical problem. This principal contradiction dissolves in the everyday chaos where one is automatically suppressed by the other. Our conclusion that auditors do not see this as a practical problem, does not lead to that the theoretical dilemma is unimportant. It rather requires a deeper understanding of the phenomenon. The conclusion also results into questioning what this means for the theory of control and organizational structure.This phenomenon can also be applied to other parts of society. Today's labour market is considered increasingly individualized where each individual is responsible for their own success, while they at the same time are supposed to consider the collegiality and collaborate with others as well as the company at large. Therefore, our study provides a social contribution in the form of increased understanding of how individuals deal with the conflict between collegiality and individualism.
Forskningen inom området organisationsstruktur och kontroll i revisionsbranschen tyder på att det finns en motstridighet i att revisorer både ska värna om kollegialiteten samtidigt som varje individ står som ensam ansvarig för sin egen utveckling och karriär. Detta skapar en konkurrenssituation till de kollegor som man förväntas upprätthålla goda sociala relationer till och samarbeta med. Att både vara en del av kollegialiteten och samtidigt vara starkt individualistisk, ger upphov till ett teoretiskt dilemma där dessa motpoler ska sammanfalla med varandra. Syftet med denna uppsats är att bidra till att skapa förståelse för hur revisorer på de större revisionsbyråerna hanterar denna konflikt. För att närma oss detta dilemma har vi gjort en kvalitativ undersökning som bygger på en abduktiv ansats. Vi har gjort 7 semistrukturerade intervjuer ur ett lokalistiskt perspektiv. Vi har begränsat vårt urval till revisorer inom Big 4 i södra Sverige. Vi har valt att analysera konflikten ur ett identitetsperspektiv för att tydligare begripa hur revisorer kan förhålla sig till både kollegialitets- och individualismaspekten. Genom detta har vi kommit fram till att det endast ser paradoxalt ut på ett teoriplan. Vår empiri tyder på att detta inte är ett praktiskt problem. Denna principiella motsättning löses i vardagens kaos där det ena per automatik undertrycks av det andra. Slutsatsen att revisorer inte ser detta som ett praktiskt problem leder dock inte till att det teoretiska dilemmat är oviktigt utan snarare att det kräver djupare kunskap om fenomenet. Slutsatsen leder dessutom till att man kan ifrågasätta vad detta betyder för de teorier som behandlar kontroll och organisationsstruktur. Detta fenomen kan även härledas till andra delar av samhället. Dagens arbetsmarknad anses i allt högre utsträckning individualiserad och varje individ får ansvara för sitt eget bästa samtidigt som man förutsetts att tänka på kollegialiteten och samarbeta med andra människor. Därför ger vår studie ett samhälleligt bidrag i form av ökad förståelse för hur individer hanterar konflikten mellan kollegialitet och individualism.

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Norgren-Hansson, Mimmi. "Att döpa eller inte döpa : Om nyblivna föräldrars syn på barndopet i Svenska kyrkan". Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för idé- och samhällsstudier, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-99919.

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Denna uppsats syftar till att undersöka hur nyblivna föräldrar i Sverigeargumenterar för att antingen döpa eller inte döpa sitt eller sina barn. Studienbaseras på semistrukturerade intervjuer. Dessa intervjuer fokuserar påföräldrarnas huvudargument. Intervjuerna har sedan kodats och kategoriseratsför att finna likheter och mönster. Föräldrarna som valde att döpa sina barnvar mer flexibla i sin syn på dopet som religiös handling och fokuserar iställetpå religion. Föräldrarna som inte ville döpa sina barn fokuserade på barnetsrätt att själv välja och att religion inte bör tvingas på ett barn. Slutsatsen iuppsatsen är att individualismen har stor inverkan på föräldrarnasargumentationer.
This paper looks to examine the view on baptise in Sweden. How recentlybecome parent’s argue in their decision on either baptise or not. The studyrelays on semi structured interviews with recently become parents. Theinterviews focus on the parent’s main arguments. The data analyses thru acoding system to build categories witch is aiming at finding similarities andpatterns. The parents witch baptise their children are flexible in their view onreligion and mean that baptism is an action of tradition. The parents who didnot baptise their children focuses on the freedom of choice fore their childrenand that religion are not to be forced on their children. The conclusion in thepaper is that the subject of individualism is interpreted in different ways.

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Pang, Lai-kei. "Passive resistance to hegemonic control in China and Myanmar". Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 1997. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B19047897.

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Subotzky, George Isaac. "Towards an Inclusive Democratic Educational Theory and Practice in South Africa: Mediating Individualism and Collectivism, Difference and Commonality". University of the Western Cape, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/8478.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
This thesis is concerned with the definition of an inclusive democratic educational theory and practice which mediates the assumed tension between individualism and collectivism, difference and equality, and liberty and equality. In Part 1, I set out the elements of an inclusive theory of democracy and then proceed in Part 2 to examine various aspects of educational practice in the light of this. My main claim is that these assumed tensions can be mediated through the conceptualising of our composite identity in terms of the notion of dual social ontology. This refers to our two-fold identities as universal, common human beings and our multiple subjective positions as particular, different individuating beings. Together, these two aspects of our identity constitute the basis for conceptualising our simultaneous commonality and difference and for an inclusive notion of democracy. I argue further that the key to understanding the intersection of commonality and difference in social relations and institutional practices is the concept of the spheres of social relations and their constitutive meanings. The latter provide the criterion by which we can judge the appropriateness of difference or equality in that sphere or in practices which relate to it. In the light of these concepts, I trace the ideological contestation at the heart of democratic theory between liberalism and socialism. My claim is that the mutual limitations of these theories preclude constructing an inclusive theory of democracy which incorporates collective equality and individual liberty in a non-polarised way. I argue that the tension between individualism and collectivism can be mediated by analysing these cluster concepts into non-polarised simpler elements. My main contention is that only self-interested individualism, which assumes individuals as atomistic self-seekers, is necessarily in conceptual conflict with collectivism. The other two elements of individualism which I identify, namely, individuality, our universal common identity as bearers of rights, and individuation, the process of self-development through the expression of the unique difference, are shown to be compatible with collective concerns and the social view of human identity. Together, I suggest, individuality and individuation constitute our dual social ontology and the foundation for moral regard and an inclusive theory of democracy which accommodates difference and commonality. During the discussion, I draw from several theorists who provide inclusive frameworks in terms of the social, dialogical view of human nature and identity formation and who combine contemporary concerns for pluralism and critical social transformation. I examine the conceptual link between education and democracy through the educative notion of democracy and education for democracy. Critical educational theory is explored as an exemplar of an inclusive democratic educational practice incorporating individual and collective dimensions. The dynamics of commonality and difference are traced in key aspects of the educational process, namely, moral development, learning and the relationship between authority and freedom, and with regard to the democratisation of schooling, the appropriate boundary between the spheres of education and of politics, distributive justice in education and the curriculum. I argue throughout that the discursive tool of dual social ontology, along with the concept of the spheres of social relations and their constitutive meanings, provides the conceptual framework by which these tensions can be mediated and incorporated in an inclusive democratic educational theory and practice.

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Anderberg, Emil, e Sara Jansson. "Medarbetarskap i ett individualiserat samhälle : demokratur, chimär eller delaktighet?" Thesis, Södertörns högskola, Institutionen för samhällsvetenskaper, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:sh:diva-28167.

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Syfte: Syftet med den här kandidatuppsatsen är att undersöka hur medarbetare ser på begreppet medarbetarskap. Undersökningen syftar också till att undersöka hur personer inom organisationer förhåller sig till individualister och karriärister och tror medarbetarna att organisationerna kan upprätthålla en tydlig organisationskultur och främja ett starkt medarbetarskap med en självförverkligande arbetsstab? Metod: Data till studien är insamlad med hjälp av en kvalitativ ansats där semistrukturerade intervjuer har legat till grund för majoriteten av insamlingen Teoretisk referensram: Den teoretiska referensramen för denna studie består av teorier som behandlar medarbetarskap, empowerment, individualism, byråkrati och nyinstitutionell teori. Empiri: Empirin till studien har insamlats genom nio intervjuer med personer med olika befattningar i fem olika organisationer. Intervjupersonerna skiljer sig i ålder och utbildning. Slutsats: Synen på medarbetarskap är att det är en ledningsfråga och innebär att de anställda blir mer delaktiga i utformandet av arbetsuppgifterna. Synen är också att det är en social delaktighet på och utanför arbetsplatsen. En viss skepsis mot att medarbetarskap verkligen existerar finns och det liknas vid demokratur, en blandning av demokrati och diktatur. Synen på individualism är överhängande negativ och inget samband mellan individualister och karriärister står att finna.
Purpose: The aim of this paper is to study how employees view the concept co-workership (Scandinavian expression “medarbetarskap”). The paper also aims to examine how individuals in organizations relate to individualistic co-workers and careerists; can organizations maintain a clear organizational culture and promote a strong co-workership with a self-employment staff? Method: The data for this study is collected using a qualitative approach in which semi structured interviews formed the basis for the majority of the collection. Theoretical framework: The theoretical framework for this study consists of theories that deal with co-workership, empowerment, individualism, bureaucracy and new institutional economic theory. Empiricism: The empirical data for this paper have been collected from nine interviews with people with different positions in fem different organizations. The interviewees differ in age and education. Conclusion: According to the opinion co-workership is manager’s responsibility to maintain and Co-workership means that the co-worker is participant developing their own tasks. The opinion is also that it means social participation in, and outside of, the place of work. There is a small amount of skepticism against co-workership’s existence and some compare it with the term democratorship, a mix of domcrazy and dictatorship. The opinion about individuality is impending negative and no correlation between individualistic people and careerists is seen.

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Dawson, Jane Margaret. "Individualism in adult education : an analysis". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/28207.

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There is a line of critique within the adult education literature which remarks on the individualistic nature of the field, its theories, values, and practices. In addition to pointing out the abundant manifestations of individualism — andragogy is held up as a typical example — these authors also maintain that individualism is not so much a particular attribute of adult education as a reflection of modern Western culture as a whole. In light of this general cast of the critique, the intent of this thesis was to examine the statements about individualism in adult education from the perspective of two contemporary philosophers, Charles Taylor and Alasdair Maclntyre, in whose works the concept of the individual is seen to be a crucial factor in the development of modern civilization. The question was asked: "How does the adult education critique of individualism measure up against Taylor's and Maclntyre's views about the key cultural and social role of the idea of the individual?" The analysis involved three tasks: first an examination of the statements about individualism in the adult education literature to determine their central and thematic features; second, the construction of an analytic framework derived from pertinent elements of Taylor's and Maclntyre's work; third, an assessment of the adult education statements from the perspective of the views presented in the framework. Conclusions drawn in the analysis were that according to the views of these two philosophers, the adult education critique of individualism provides only a partial picture of the way in the which the concept of the individual influences the workings of modern thought and sensibility (taking adult education as a microcosm of wider societal patterns). In addition to being a shaping factor of the status quo, as the adult education critics claim, the concept of the individual is also seen as a shaping factor of views which are most critical of the status quo; the same core values and beliefs underlie both affirmative and critical stances towards individualism, and towards society. For Taylor and Maclntyre, to understand the tensions of modernity requires viewing both stances together in terms not just of their differences but also their close relationship. Thus from their view, the adult education critique fails to adequately account a central ingredient of modernity related to the topic of individualism. The significance of this evaluation for adult education theory and research is that a deeper understanding is needed of the way in which the notion of the individual is woven into the contemporary social fabric, in order to come to terms with "what is really going on" not only in adult education but in the wider scope of human affairs.
Education, Faculty of
Educational Studies (EDST), Department of
Graduate

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Sahlén, Linda, e Lei Åslund. "Barns individualism i en kollektiv förskola". Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för pedagogik, didaktik och utbildningsstudier, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-242352.

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Laws, Christopher John. "Physical education, curriculum change and individualism". Thesis, University of Southampton, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.243091.

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Wallner, Olof. "Brahms första pianokonsert : Individualism genom texttrogenhet". Thesis, Kungl. Musikhögskolan, Institutionen för klassisk musik, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kmh:diva-2870.

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Brahms första pianokonsert i d-moll är ett av pianorepertoarens största verk, med en genomspelning som tar cirka 50 minuter. Det är ett maratonlopp får pianisten som konstant måste hävda sin rätt gentemot den stora orkestreringen. I detta arbete undersöks sambandet mellan framförandet av tre olika pianister samt deras relation till notskriften i Brahms första pianokonsert i d-moll. Syftet är att starta en diskussion varför det kommer sig att olika pianister kan uppfatta och tolka musiken olika även om de utgår ifrån samma notbild.

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Lindgren, Sanja. "Svenska preppers : Mellan individualism och solidaritet". Thesis, Karlstads universitet, Institutionen för sociala och psykologiska studier (from 2013), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kau:diva-84298.

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Syftet med denna studie är att få en djupare förståelse för preppers relation till riskerna i dagens samhälle och belysa deras balansgång mellan individualism och solidaritet. I studien har preppers syn på sig själva och deras drivkrafter undersökts. Studien är en kvalitativ undersökning gjord med semistrukturerade intervjuer genomförda via telefon. Analysen av det insamlade materialet bygger på teorier om risksamhället och individen i balansgång mellan individuell frihet och strukturellt tvång; tidigare forskning om just fenomenet prepping används också. Analysen görs utifrån begreppet risksamhälle eftersom prepping handlar just om ett förebyggande arbete mot överhängande risker. Med förförståelsen att prepping rör sig ifrån bilden av en stigmatiserad ensamvarg mot en mer solidarisk samhällsmedborgare har jag använt dikotomin individualism - solidaritet. Resultatet visar att svenska preppers lever med en balansgång mellan individualitet och solidaritet där de vill prioritera den egna säkerheten framför att eventuellt hjälpa andra. Studiens informanter visar att trots en bristande tilltro för myndigheter och upplevd falsk trygghet vill de tillhöra det sociala kollektivet - däremot vill de inte delta i de osäkra systemen som samhället bygger på.

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Andriopoulos, Harry. "Individualism and Community for Voluntary Simplifiers". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/16871.

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Voluntary simplicity is a cultural movement constructed around overt expressions of individualism in response to the excesses of ‘consumer society’. As the term also suggests, its general public recognition as a critical force against over-consumption appeals to a ‘moral good’. This has turned voluntary simplicity into a socially reflective movement which often appeals to ‘community’ and the social norms of collective action. This thesis explores historical developments in the theories of individualism and communitarianism which have influenced understandings of what constitutes a ‘voluntary simplifier’. The author contends that Ronald Inglehart’s (1977) theory of ‘postmaterialism’, the seminal theory underpinning voluntary simplicity, was quickly transformed into a concept which connoted various individual and social ‘goods’. This became a source of criticism for communitarian critics of consumerism, who associated this development with self-interest, further moral decline and a growing “culture of narcissism”. This is at odds with more recent theorists who view individualism in more pragmatic ways. Paul Lichterman’s (1996) notion of a “culture of personalism” and Clive Hamilton’s (2008) appeal to a kind of philosophical individualism have proven to be more compelling to both voluntary simplifiers and ‘self-help’ authors. This has not been a universally positive development, however. An examination of the “Simple Living Forums” within the thesis reveals a strong sense of modesty and commitment to pluralism amongst voluntary simplifiers, which reflects both an affirmation and a denial of self. Voluntary simplicity continues to lack adequate framing processes which are essential for maintaining a social movement. The thesis therefore concludes that voluntary simplicity is, ironically, associated with the excesses of consumer society and alienation from democratic processes. Because elements of consumer society have become part of the processes of late-capitalism, voluntary simplicity remains trapped between its critical centre and a culture of self-interest and insignificance.

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DeBrava, Valerie Ann. "Authorship and individualism in American literature". W&M ScholarWorks, 2000. https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd/1539623972.

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A look at the genre of American literary history, as well as at the careers of four nineteenth-century writers, this neo-Marxist study treats the lives and works of Walt Whitman, Emily Dickinson, and Elizabeth and Richard Stoddard through the productive circumstances of their writing, and through our expectations as consumers of their personalities and texts. Typically, Whitman and Dickinson are recognized as creative individualists who defied the literary and social conventions of their time, while the Stoddards---when they are recognized at all---are remembered in less daring terms. Many critics today regard Elizabeth Stoddard's first novel, The Morgesons, as an unsentimental exploration of sexuality and an innovative foray into realism. Even so, these critics tend to see the radical potential of the novel as compromised by its flawed form, often considered an unsophisticated melding of domestic and realist fiction, and by the failure of Stoddard's subsequent works to build on The Morgesons' critique of middle-class womanhood. Richard Henry Stoddard, meanwhile, is seen as an unremarkable adherent to the genteel tradition, a chapter in American literary history now regarded as stagnantly establishmentarian and conformist. By contrast, Whitman and Dickinson stand forth as the artistic embodiments of personal freedom and innovation.;Close examination of the careers of Whitman and Dickinson (posthumous, in the case of Dickinson) reveals, however, that these celebrated individualists were not as removed from social determinations of identity as their personas suggest, and that their differences from the Stoddards were less a matter of temperament than of personality's articulation through commercialism and publicity. The Stoddards inhabited a literary world where the pre-commercial ideal of refined, amateur anonymity tempered the promotional impulse to peddle authors along with texts. The result for the Stoddards---and their genteel peers---was an authorial identity more conforming than conspicuous, and more explicitly social than subversive. Whitman and the posthumous Dickinson of the 1890s, on the other hand, were commodified in conjunction with the promotion of their texts---by Whitman himself and, in the case of Dickinson, by Mabel Loomis Todd and Thomas Wentworth Higginson. as part of the larger capitalist transformation of subjectivity (what Marxist critics term reification), this promotion of Whitman and Dickinson exemplified the influence of late nineteenth-century literary commercialism on the writing self. The careers of Whitman and Dickinson, in other words, were inextricable from the economic and historical circumstances from which authorship emerged as a profession distinct from the avocation of letters, and from which the author, as a static, marketable persona, emerged as a figure distinct from the writer. The autonomy and originality for which Whitman and Dickinson are acclaimed become, in this light, testaments to ideology. For such independence is a feature of their marketed identities that derives from the objectifying, isolating power of commercialism, rather than from genuine individuality and freedom. Such canonical independence derives, in fact, from what Marx calls the commodity fetish, a perceptual paradigm that isolates and objectifies people, as well as things, in a capitalist system.

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Helena, Poplock Stephanie. "Assessing worldview orientation in people of nortern rural Maine". Restricted access (UM), 2008. http://libraries.maine.edu/gateway/oroauth.asp?file=orono/etheses/37803141.pdf.

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These (Ph.D.)--Northeastern University, 2008.
Title from PDF title page. Available through UMI ProQuest Digital Dissertations. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 102-117). Also issued in print.

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Nascimento, Eurípedes Costa do [UNESP]. "Errâncias e errantes: um estudo sobre a mobilidade do sujeito e o uso de bebidas alcoólicas na contemporaneidade". Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/97636.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O consumo de álcool tem sido uma das maiores preocupações da saúde pública no mundo e suas causas parecem estar associadas a diversos fatores, dentre eles, a cultura. Articulados com a errância e impulsionado por motivos sócio-econômicos ou mesmo por razões pessoais, traz consigo profundas modificações no plano psicossocial. Considerando a especificidade dessa população, seu modo peculiar de vida na condição da errância, essa pesquisa teve por objetivos investigar as razões que levam esses sujeitos à ruptura com a vida sedentária e o papel que a bebida alcoólica exerce nesse processo de desfiliação. Foram tomados como sujeitos, 16 trecheiros do sexo masculino que fazem uso, assumidamente, de bebidas alcoólicas. A coleta de dados foi realizada através de entrevistas gravadas com roteiro estruturado no Centro de Triagem e Encaminhamento Migrante da cidade de Assis, S.P., abordando os motivos para a errância, o uso do álcool ao longo da vida, as relações familiares e perspectivas futuras no modo de vida itinerante. As entrevistas foram submetidas, posteriormente, a uma análise de conteúdo. Os resultados demonstraram que o momento da ruptura com a vida sedentária e a iniciação no trecho, é marcado por algum incidente no núcleo familiar do sujeito, tais como: o desemprego, a violência familiar, a busca de liberdade, além dos desentendimentos conjugais presentes como um dos fatores cruciais para a desfiliação. O uso do álcool, associado à pobreza, inicia-se na infância, estimulado pelos próprios pais ou amigos e atua como um dos principais elementos presentes nos conflitos domésticos e na desfiliação do sujeito para a errância. No trecho ele é atribuído pelos próprios sujeitos à necessidade de criar coragem, esquecer problemas do passado e apaziguar conflitos remanescentes, em geral, conflitos afetivos...
The alcohol consumption has been one of the biggest concerns of the public health in the world and its causes seem to be associated to the diverse factors, among them, the culture. Articulated with the wandering and stimulated by the economical and social reasons or same for personal reasons, it brings deep modifications in the psychosocial plan. Considering, specifically, this population and its peculiar way of life in the condition of the wandering, this research had for objectives to investigate the reasons that take these subjects to the rupture with the sedentary life and the paper that the alcoholic beverage exerts in this disaffiliation process. Had been taken as subjects, 16 wanderers that make use, affirmatively, of alcoholic beverages. The collection of data was accomplished through the recorded interviews with script structuralized in the Center of Selection and Migrant Guiding of the city of Assis, São Paulo state (Brazil), approaching the reasons for the wandering, the use of alcohol along the life, the familiar relations and future perspectives in the way of itinerant life. The interviews had been submitted, afterwards, to a content analysis. The results had demonstrated that the moment of the rupture with the sedentary life and the initiation in the highway, is marked by some incident in the familiar nucleus of the subject, such as: the unemployment, the familiar violence, the search of freedom, beyond the marital misunderstandings presents as one of the crucial factors for the disaffiliation. The use of the alcohol, associated to the poverty, initiates in childhood, stimulated for the proper parents or friends and acts as one of the main elements in the domestic conflicts and disaffiliation of the individual ...(Complete abstract, click electronic access below)

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Gualda, Diego de Lima. "Individualismo Holista: uma articulação crítica do pensamento político de Charles Taylor". Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8131/tde-05022010-095325/.

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Charles Taylor é um dos principais e mais influentes filósofos contemporâneos. No campo da política, o debate liberal-comunitário é o tema em que suas contribuições são mais conhecidas. Entretanto, o estudo da reflexão política de Taylor tem sido parcial. No registro teórico do debate liberal-comunitário, sua assim chamada crítica comunitarista é, muitas vezes, tomada como uma resposta normativa a possíveis equívocos ou limitações dos ideais morais do liberalismo. A conclusão mais comum é que o pensamento tayloriano se contrapõe à tradição liberal, sendo por vezes identificado ora com o comunitarismo, ora com o republicanismo, ora com o multiculturalismo. A reflexão de Taylor, contudo, se ocupa de um outro registro, mais amplo: o desenvolvimento de concepções de identidade e de bem baseadas em argumentos que não são normativos, mas sim ontológicos. Nesse registro, o objetivo de sua obra não é questionar os ideais morais do liberalismo, mas reconfigurá-los num contexto ontológico específico, bem como ampliar o leque de bens moral e politicamente relevantes para as sociedades contemporâneas. O objetivo dessa dissertação é o de justamente explorar a estrutura conceitual do que poderíamos chamar de individualismo holista, uma tipologia de pensamento político que, embora defensora normativamente da liberdade, pluralismo e autonomia, guarda uma profunda preocupação com a natureza irredutivelmente social da ação e dos bens humanos. Espera-se que a partir dessa chave de leitura sejamos capazes de uma abordagem mais sistemática da reflexão política de Charles Taylor, articulando suas diferentes e fragmentadas intervenções no debate político num quadro mais amplo, referenciado também às discussões sobre a natureza da agência, do self e da modernidade. Ao final, sugerimos que o autor canadense se move teoricamente muito mais próximo daquilo que se considera uma tradição liberal de pensamento do que sua classificação usual permitiria imaginar.
Charles Taylor is one of the most important and influential contemporary philosophers. In the political field, the liberal-communitarian debate is the theme where his contributions are most recognized. Nevertheless, the study of Taylors political thought has been limited. In the liberal-communitarian theorical debate arena, his so called 6 communitarian criticism has many times been taken as an advocacy answer to possible mistakes or limitations of liberalisms moral ideals. The most common conclusion is that the taylorian thought opposes itself to the liberal tradition and it has been identified with communitarianism theories, republicanism, or even with multiculturalism. Taylors reflection, however, is concerned with another more ample aim: the development of identity and good conceptions based in ontological arguments. The purpose of his work is not to question liberalistic moral ideals, but to reconfigure those in a specific ontological background, as well as to amplify the set of allowable moral and political relevant conceptions of goods to contemporary society. The intent of this paper is indeed to explore the conceptual structure of what we could call holistic individualism, a political thinking typology which although concerned with the advocacy of freedom, pluralism and autonomy also continues to take into account the inextricable social nature of agency and human goods conception. Hopefully, with this interpretation key we will be able to put in place a most systematic account of Charles Taylors political reflection, articulating its different and sparse contributions in the political debate in a more comprehensive landscape which will be referenced to his agency, self and modernity discussions. In the end, we suggest that the Canadian author is closer to what we could call a liberal tradition thinking than his usual classification would allow.

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Vares, Sidnei Ferreira de. "A formação do cidadão republicano: sociologismo, individualismo e educação moral em Émile Durkheim". Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/48/48134/tde-29072013-135539/.

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A teoria sociológica elaborada por Émile Durkheim parte do embate com o pensamento utilitarista e com a psicologia, e se desenvolve no sentido de superar a relação sempre tensa entre indivíduo e sociedade. Durkheim, acusado de um antiindividualismo atroz, na contramão do legado iluminista, é visto, por parte de seus intérpretes, como um sociologista e um conservador, principalmente no que concerne a seu pensamento atinente à moral. A obra Educação Moral é entendida por muitos como a notação desse conservadorismo. Contudo, em oposição a estas leituras defende-se, a partir de ampla bibliografia mas, sobretudo, a partir dos próprios trabalhos de Durkheim, a tese segundo a qual é possível identificar em sua teoria pedagógica uma tentativa de sintetizar sociologismo e individualismo. Tal tentativa pode ser avistada no modo como o autor concebe a moral e seus elementos constitutivos, bem como em sua definição acerca do tipo de moralidade adequada à sociedade moderna, caracterizada, em que pese sua ênfase nos aspectos coletivos, pelo primado da razão e da autonomia. Com efeito, pretende-se demonstrar que as concepções morais de Durkheim estão em consonância tanto com a sua visão acerca da modernidade quanto com a sua definição de democracia, e que disso se depreende a necessidade de uma educação moral com vistas a formar o cidadão republicano, o ator social, consciente de seus direitos e de seus deveres, mas, sobretudo, de sua individualidade, definida no interior da vida coletiva. A exegese dos textos durkheimianos e a análise das interpretações consagradas pela literatura especializada constituem o ponto de partida metodológico deste trabalho, de modo que a seleção tanto das fontes primárias quanto das fontes secundárias se baseia na relevância, historicamente construída, dos textos escolhidos.
The sociological theory elaborated by Émile Durkheim emerges from the clash with the utilitarian thinking and the psychology and was developed to overcome the always tense relationship between individual and society. Durheim, accused of a strong antiindividualism, against the Enlightenment legacy, is seen by his interpreters as a sociologist and conservative, especially with regard to his thinking on morality. The work Moral Education is understood by many as a notation of this conservatism. However, in contrast to these readings, this research stands, from the point of view of a broad bibliography and mainly from Durkheim own works, the argument that it is possible to identify in his pedagogical theory an attempt to synthesize sociologism and individualism. Such an attempt can be identified in the mode the author conceives of morality and its constitutive elements, and his definition of the type of morality proper to modern society, which is characterized, despite his emphasis on collective aspect, by the primacy of reason and autonomy. Indeed, we intend to demonstrate that Durkheim moral views are both in line with his vision of modernity as with his definition of democracy, and that from these elements the need for moral education comes, in order to form the republican citizen, the social agent, this one conscious of his rights and his duties but, above all, his individuality, defined within the collective life. The exegesis of Durkheimian texts and the analisys advocated by the literature are the methodological point of departure of this research, so that both the selection of primary sources as well as the secondary ones is based on the relevancy, historically constructed, of the chosen texts.

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Madriaza, Pablo. "La révolte des individus : la nouvelle éthique contestataire des mouvements sociaux au Chili (2006-2012)". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCB226/document.

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Cette étude a eu pour but d'analyser le rôle de l'individu et de l'individualisme au sein des mouvements sociaux au Chili, notamment pendant la dernière vague de mobilisations entre les années 2006 et 2012. Elle a essayé de comprendre la montée des mobilisations dans le pays malgré la forte influence que l'individualisme a eue au sein de la société chilienne à partir de la dictature ; et plus particulièrement de répondre à la question : comment construire une action politico-collective à partir de l'individu ? Pour ce faire, une étude comparative a été menée ayant deux composantes. La première a été une comparaison sociohistorique des événements de protestation à Santiago du Chili, basée sur la quantification de l'information de médias et d'autres sources d'information ainsi que sur l'information disponible provenant du domaine de l'histoire sociale, notamment les données d'événements de violence contestataire de l'historien Gabriel Salazar pendant la période allant de 1947 à 1987. La deuxième composante a été la comparaison de deux mouvements sociaux qui ont été mobilisés pendant la période à l'étude : le mouvement d'élèves du secondaire et le mouvement LGBTQ. L'analyse a été de plus bonifiée par des entretiens réalisés à activistes du mouvement de pobladores. À partir de ces éléments, il est possible de conclure que pendant la période à l'étude, il se produit une répolitisation de l'individualisme dans le pays et que cette répolitisation a été la manifestation d'une transformation de la structure de valeurs au sein de ces groupes qui a placé l'individu au centre de l'action politique. Il s'agit de la configuration d'un cadre normatif maître partagé par plusieurs organisations
The aim of this study was to analyse the role of the individual and the individualism in social movements in Chile, particularly during the last wave of mobilisations between 2006 and 2012. It tried to understand the rise of mobilizations in the country, despite the strong influence that individualism has had in Chilean society from the period of military dictatorship; and more specifically to answer the question: how to construct a contention movement from the individual? In order to achieve this goal, a comparative study which had two components was carried on. The first was a sociohistorical comparison in Santiago de Chile employing protest events analysis based on the quantification of media information and other sources of information, as well as information available from the field of social history, particularly the violent protest events that the historian Gabriel Salazar had analysed during the period from 1947 to 1987. The second component was the comparison of two social movements that were mobilized during the period under review: the secondary students movement and the LGBTQ movement. The analysis was further enhanced by interviews with activists of the movement of pobladores. On the basis of these elements, it can be concluded that during the period under study there is a repoliticization of individualism in the country and that this repolitisation has been an expression of a transformation of the contention values structure that place the individual at the heart of political action. This is the configuration of a master normative frame shared by several organizations
Este estudio ha tenido por objetivo analizar el papel del individuo y del individualismo al interior de los movimientos sociales en Chile, particularmente durante la última ola de movilizaciones que tuvo lugar entre los años 2006 y 2012. Se trató de comprender el aumento de las movilizaciones en el país a pesar de la fuerte influencia que el individualismo ha tenido en el seno de la sociedad chilena a partir de la dictadura; y particularmente de tratar de responder a la pregunta: ¿cómo construir una acción político- colectiva a partir del individuo? Para poder cumplir este objetivo se realizó un estudio comparativo de dos componentes. El primero fue una comparación socio-histórica de los eventos de protesta en Santiago de Chile, basada en la cuantificación de la información proveniente de medios de comunicación y de otras fuentes, así como en la información proveniente del campo de la historia social, particularmente los datos de hechos de violencia contestataria que el historiador Gabriel Salazar recolectó entre los años 1947 y 1987. El segundo componente fue la comparación de dos movimientos sociales que han estado activos durante el período de estudio: el movimiento de estudiantes de enseñanza secundaria y el movimiento LGBTQ. El análisis se benefició también de entrevistas realizados a activistas del movimiento de pobladores. A partir de estos elementos, es posible concluir que durante el período de estudio se ha producido una repolitización del individualismo en el país y que esta repolitización ha sido la expresión de la transformación de la estructura de valores al interior de estos grupos que ha situado al individuo en el centro de la acción política. Se trata de la configuración de un marco normativo maestro compartido por varias organizaciones

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Al-Goberi, Shaimaa Abedalkeder. "Domination sociale et émancipation individuelle dans l’œuvre de Gide". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0041.

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La question de l’émancipation individuelle est présente dans l’œuvre de Gide dès ses débuts littéraires. Liée à la découverte de son cas particulier, qui fonde sa singularité, cette question est d’abord posée par Gide sur le plan moral. Progressivement, la critique morale débouche sur une critique sociale, l’œuvre gidienne esquissant une réflexion sur les formes et les enjeux de la domination sociale exercée aussi bien sur les corps étrangers dans la société que sur d’autres groupes sociaux. La thèse se focalise ainsi plus précisément sur la représentation des Arabes dans des œuvres comme L’Immoraliste ou, plus tard, Si le grain ne meurt ; la représentation des corps étrangers et de leur place dans la société ; la représentation de la femme, perçue finalement par Gide comme entravée dans son développement par les règles et les valeurs de la société bourgeoise
The question of the individual emancipation is present in the work of Gide as of its literary beginnings. Bound on a tour of its typical case, which founds its singularity, this question is initially asked by Gide on the moral level. Gradually, moral criticism leads to a social criticism, Gidian work outlining a reflection on the forms and the challenges of the social domination exerted as well on the foreign bodies in the company as on other social groups. The thesis is focused thus more precisely on the representation of the Arabs in works like the Immoralist one or, later, If the grain does not die; the representation of the foreign bodies and their place in the company; the representation of the woman, perceived finally by Gide as blocked in its development by the rules and the values of the middle-class company

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Mirakian, Laura. "A biblical response to individualism in America". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2000. http://www.tren.com.

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Cassidy, Kevin Scott. "Giving and receiving from one another : the communal character of Christianity /". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2007. http://www.tren.com/search.cfm?p033-0849.

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Tesi sul tema "Individualism"

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