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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Individualism"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 5 ottobre 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Individualism"

Miller, Richard L., e Tyler L. Collette. "Cultural Differences in Children’s Recommended Punishment of Moral Transgressions". ATHENS JOURNAL OF SOCIAL SCIENCES 9, n. 3 (12 gennaio 2022): 223–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30958/ajss.9-3-1.

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The purpose of this research was to examine the severity of punishment recommended by children for moral transgressions. Using Hofstede’s (1980) distinction between individualism and collectivism, we examined the severity of punishment recommended by eight to twelve year old children for moral transgressions that violated a cultural value. Participants were children of various nationalities enrolled in a summer camp on the island of Mallorca, Spain. The children were classified as either individualist or collectivist using the Children’s Self-Construal Scale (Lewis et al. 2000). Each child reacted to nine moral transgressions, two of which were universal and seven of which reflected transgressions of either individualist or collectivist values. The results indicated that children classified as collectivists recommended harsher punishments for transgressions of collectivist values, whereas individualists did not vary in their recommended level of punishment for transgressions against both collectivist and individualist values. Keywords: individualism, collectivism, moral judgments, cultural orientation, moral transgressions

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Levine, Andrew. "Individualisms". Canadian Journal of Philosophy Supplementary Volume 20 (1994): 107–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00455091.1994.10717396.

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Individualisms of various kinds are pervasive in the social sciences and in moral, social and political theory. Thus some social theorists maintain that individual human beings exist but that there is nothing distinctively social in their interactions that we must countenance ontologically (metaphysical individualism). Others argue that ‘social facts,’ whatever their ontological status, should be explained by facts about individuals (methodological individualism). And virtually all philosophers assume that the point of departure for addressing normative questions about social and political arrangements should be individuals and their interests. These are, of course, distinct claims. But they are sustained by similar intuitions. I believe that in general these intuitions are sound, but that the full-blown doctrines they suggest are importantly mistaken. In what follows, I shall focus on one aspect of this very general claim. I shall dispute the form of individualism that nowadays pervades (normative) political theory while endorsing the individualist intuitions that motivate it.

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Long, Roderick T. "THE CLASSICAL ROOTS OF RADICAL INDIVIDUALISM". Social Philosophy and Policy 24, n. 2 (29 maggio 2007): 262–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052507070252.

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While the classical Greco-Roman tradition is not ordinarily thought of as associated with radical individualism, many of the central concerns of such radical individualists as Frédéric Bastiat, Herbert Spencer, Benjamin Tucker, Ludwig von Mises, F. A. Hayek, and Ayn Rand—including their views on human sociality, spontaneous order, and the relation between self-interest and non-instrumental concern for others—are shown to be inheritances from and developments of Platonic, Aristotelian, Epicurean, and Stoic ideas. Hence those working in the classical tradition have reason to explore the radical individualist tradition and vice versa.

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Finkelstein, Marcia A. "Correlates of individualism and collectivism: Predicting volunteer activity". Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 39, n. 5 (30 giugno 2011): 597–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2011.39.5.597.

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Differences in the factors that initiate volunteering in individualists versus collectivists were examined. In prior work it has been suggested that the two differ, not in how much service volunteers give, but in the reasons why. Individualist and collectivist tendencies were measured in a sample of long-term volunteers. Also assessed were respondents' attitudes about the responsibility of individuals and of society to help those in need, the individual's obligation to engage in social and political action, and the quality of social support available to participants. Collectivism was associated most strongly with personal responsibility and with a strong social support network, while individualism was related to a perceived responsibility to participate in social and political activism. Neither individualism nor collectivism was predictive of time spent volunteering. The findings suggest that rather than predicting who will, and will not, volunteer, the individualism/collectivism construct is useful in clarifying why people help. This knowledge, in turn, can be used to match the volunteer to the appropriate activity.

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Papcke, Luise. "Humboldt’s Individualism: Theorizing Social Individuality". History of Political Thought 45, n. 1 (29 febbraio 2024): 157–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.53765/20512988.45.1.157.

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This article retraces in the thought of Wilhelm von Humboldt an account of the ideal of individuality which I propose to call ‘social individuality’. Against readings of Humboldt’s individualism as atomist, asocial and apolitical, I show how his conceptualization attends expressly to the social origins and the inherent interindividual and even collective dimension of individuality, while nevertheless insisting on the irreducible uniqueness of each human being. I show how this inherent sociability is anchored in his ideal of self-cultivation and, importantly, in his linguistic thought, which is often neglected in interpretations of Humboldt’s political theory. In concentrating on the social dimension of individual self-formation, I argue, we can discern a different ideal of individuality that emphasizes interindividual communicative processes over the stress on nonconformity as found for instance in Mill’s defence of eccentricity or the ideal of ‘democratic individuality’ in the American tradition.

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Santos, Henri C., Michael E. W. Varnum e Igor Grossmann. "Global Increases in Individualism". Psychological Science 28, n. 9 (13 luglio 2017): 1228–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797617700622.

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Individualism appears to have increased over the past several decades, yet most research documenting this shift has been limited to the study of a handful of highly developed countries. Is the world becoming more individualist as a whole? If so, why? To answer these questions, we examined 51 years of data on individualist practices and values across 78 countries. Our findings suggest that individualism is indeed rising in most of the societies we tested. Despite dramatic shifts toward greater individualism around the world, however, cultural differences remain sizable. Moreover, cultural differences are primarily linked to changes in socioeconomic development, and to a lesser extent to shifts in pathogen prevalence and disaster frequency.

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Fatehi, Kamal, Jennifer L. Priestley e Gita Taasoobshirazi. "The expanded view of individualism and collectivism: One, two, or four dimensions?" International Journal of Cross Cultural Management 20, n. 1 (aprile 2020): 7–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1470595820913077.

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Recent research to analyze and discuss cultural differences has employed a combination of five major dimensions of individualism–collectivism, power distance, uncertainty avoidance, femininity–masculinity (gender role differentiation), and long-term orientation. Among these dimensions, individualism–collectivism has received the most attention. Chronologically, this cultural attribute has been regarded as one, then two, and more recently, four dimensions of horizontal and vertical individualism and collectivism. However, research on this issue has not been conclusive and some have argued against this expansion. The current study attempts to explain and clarify this discussion by using a shortened version of the scale developed by Singelis et al. ((1995) Horizontal and vertical dimensions of individualism and collectivism: a theoretical and measurement refinement. Cross-Cultural Research 29(3): 240–275). Our analysis of aggregate data from 802 respondents from nine countries supports the expanded view. Data aggregation was based on the Mindscape Theory that proposes inter- and intracultural heterogeneity. This finding is reassuring to scholars who have been using the shortened version of the instrument because confirmatory factor analysis indicated its validity. The findings of the present study provides clarification of some apparent ambiguity in recent research in specifying some cultures such as India, Israel, and Spain as individualists or collectivists. By separating the four constructs, more nuanced classification is possible. Also, such a distinction enables us to entertain such concepts as the Mindscape Theory that proposes a unique intracultural and transcultural heterogeneity that do not stereotype the whole culture as either individualist or collectivist.

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Finkelstein, Marcia A. "Individualism/collectivism: ImplicatIons for the volunteer process". Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 38, n. 4 (1 maggio 2010): 445–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2010.38.4.445.

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In the present study the constructs of individualism and collectivism were incorporated into a conceptual understanding of the volunteer process. The findings offer a broader perspective on volunteer antecedents and experiences and address an ongoing debate about the implications of individualism and collectivism for volunteering. Collectivism was found to be more strongly related than was individualism to altruistic motivations and the desire to strengthen social ties. Collectivism, but not individualism, was found to be associated with the development of a volunteer role identity. Individualism was most closely associated with career-related volunteer objectives. The results suggest that individualists and collectivists differ, not in their willingness to volunteer, but in why they choose to volunteer.

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Ang, Rebecca P., e Eddie C. Kuo. "Effects of Gender and Individualism-Collectivism on Directness of Refusal". South Pacific Journal of Psychology 14 (2003): 76–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0257543400000262.

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AbstractThe effects of gender and individualism-collectivism on directness of refusal were examined on a Singapore sample. A 2 × 2 (Gender X Individualism-Collectivism) ANOVA revealed a significant interaction effect between gender and cultural orientation. Specifically, male individualists preferred more direct refusal strategies and male collectivists preferred more indirect refusal strategies compared to both female individualists and collectivists. Implications of the results and the limitations of the study were discussed.

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Ignjatović, Suzana, e Aleksandar Bošković. "O mogućnostima naučnog objašnjenja zasnovanog na metodološkom individualizmu u antropologiji". Issues in Ethnology and Anthropology 13, n. 1 (24 febbraio 2018): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21301/eap.v13i1.1.

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The paper deals with methodological individualism in sociocultural anthropology. Key theories and debates within the framework of methodological individualism in anthropology are presented in the paper. The authors discuss criticisms aimed at the use of methodological individualism in anthropology as not suitable for anthropology, due to its specificity. Instead, they argue that methodological individualism has advantages for a better understanding of many anthropological topics, especially compared to methodological holism. The authors’ assumption is that anthropology is not exclusively a holistic science, as the history of anthropological theory points to an important tradition of methodological individualism. The focus is placed on alternative models of scientific explanation, found in the works of contemporary anthropologists (Holy, Stuchlik), as well as methodological individualists from other disciplines (Boudon), whose conclusions are applicable to anthropology. Methodological individualism does have a significant place in anthropology. There are areas of anthropology that can draw heuristic benefit from epistemological approaches based on the principles of methodological individualism.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Individualism"

Reynolds, Joseph. "Individuality or individualism?" Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25120.

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The thesis suggests that there are two discourses of the individual within the culture of modernity and in social philosophy and political theory: individualism and individuality. These are entirely different, but throughout modernity individuality has been submerged by, or conflated with, the dominant discourse of individualism. An aim of the thesis is to attempt to clarify the submerged discourse of individuality by identifying, and constructing or reconstructing, some of its key features. In doing this it uses liberal-individualism as a contrast concept, and thereby implicitly identifies corresponding differences, limits, or omissions in the latter. The core features of individuality (and, in brackets, of individualism) identified and discussed in successive Chapters are: Comprehensive inviolability (Limited Inviolability); Self-Deteermination (Agency); The Possibility of Autonomy Self-Realization and Authenticity (Personal Autonomy); Internal Goods and Being (External Goods and Having); The Ethical and Moral Self (Moral Minimalism); Communalism (Gesellschaft). In the case of each feature, an attempt is made to clarify ways in which it diverges from liberal-individualism.

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Canella, Murilo. "A influência de Georg Simmel no pensamento social de Ulrich Beck : pela compreensão do conflito no individualismo e nos processos de individualização /". Araraquara, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/137944.

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Orientador: João Carlos Soares Zuin
Banca: Renata Medeiros Paoliello
Banca: Michel Nicolau Netto
Resumo: Este trabalho intenta demonstrar a influência contemporânea do pensamento de Georg Simmel na perspectiva teórica de Ulrich Beck. Como eixo de estruturação da temática nos moldes do presente estudo, bem como um eixo estruturante presente na obra de Simmel e de Beck, optou-se pelo conceito de individualismo e os processos de individualização dele decorrentes. Essa delimitação - visto que a teoria de ambos autores é vasta e abrange um domínio diverso de objetos - é tanto uma forma de estruturar, dentro da argumentação do estudo, um ponto comum na teoria de ambos autores, como também uma forma de contextualizar dois momentos distintos da modernidade, caracterizados por conflitos que, ao migrarem para outra arena histórica, no caso, da primeira para a segunda modernidade, determinam de forma conflituosa a gramática social. Como metodologia, adotam-se as proposições teóricas da sociologia do conhecimento, bem como da sociologia compreensiva, além do método relacional de Simmel, também presente em Beck, na busca da compreensão de dois momentos distintos da modernidade que guardam um nexo íntimo. Compreender o individualismo e os processos de individualização significa, na perspectiva de Simmel e de Beck, compreender uma forma social que, pela dupla condição de ente autodeterminado concomitantemente à sua inserção em cadeias de dependência social, torna-se um foco do conflito, pois a forma social do indivíduo encerra-se na dependência e na intersecção de círculos sociais cada vez mais vastos, nos quais o indivíduo, pela coerção de uma cultura objetiva que se expande em uma lógica autorreferencial, torna-se historicamente debilitado
Resumen: Este trabajo intenta demostrar la influencia contemporánea del pensamiento de Georg Simmel en la perspectiva teórica de Ulrich Beck. En cuanto eje de la estructuración del tema en los moldes del presente estudio, así como un eje estructural presente en la obra de Simmel y de Beck, se ha optado por el concepto de individualismo e los procesos de individualización de ello decurrente. Esa delimitación - haja visto que la teoria de ambos es vasta y abarca un sinnúmero de objetos - es tanto una forma de estructurar, en la argumentación del estudio, un comum punto en la teoria de ambos autores, como también una forma de contextuar dos distintos momentos de la modernidad, caracterizados, por su vez, por los conflictos que, al emigrar a otro escenaio histórico, en el caso, de la primera a la segunda modernidad, determinam de forma conflictuosa a la gramática social. La metodología sigue las proposiciones teóricas de la sociologia del conocimiento, así como las de la sociología comprensiva, más allá del metodo relacional de Simmel, también presente en Beck, en la búsqueda de la comprensión de dos distintos momentos de la modernidad, a la vez con um cercano nexo. Comprender lo individualismo y los procesos de individualización significa, en la perspectiva de Simmel y de Beck, comprender una forma social que, por su doble condición de ente autocentrado concomitantemente a su inserción en las cadenas de dependencia sociales, tornase un foco del conflicto, pues la forma social del individuo encerrase en la dependencia y en la intersección de los círculos sociales a la vez más vastos, en los cuales el individuo, por la coerción de una cultura objetiva que se expande en una lógica de autorreferencialidad, resulta históricamente débil
Mestre

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Fuentes, Pangtay Manuel Alejandro. "Qigong (氣功) e interculturalidad: práctica corporal y pensamiento chino en Barcelona". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/399843.

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El interés central de esta investigación ha sido el estudio del qigong en Occidente, visto como una práctica corporal originaria de Asia Oriental que circula en el mercado de consumo de las terapias alternativas. El actual contexto en España, caracterizado por la crisis social, económica y política, ha sido clave para entender el proceso de resignificación e incorporación de algunas ideas y conceptos del pensamiento chino a las propias necesidades de la realidad de los practicantes de qigong. En los estudios preliminares se identificaron tres estilos de qigong, el marcial, el espiritual y el enfocado a la salud. La investigación se concentró en un grupo de formación de monitores de qigong en Barcelona, orientado a la salud preventiva, estilo que se basa en la medicina tradicional china. Siendo el objetivo principal entender la manera en la que los occidentales incorporan elementos del pensamiento chino que sustenta a las prácticas corporales asiáticas orientales, mi interés inicial pretendió investigar ese proceso de significación y resignificación de los rasgos culturales, pautas de comportamiento, ideas, conceptos y cómo los practicantes le dan un sentido diferente y particular a éstas. En la segunda etapa, la triangulación de la propia experiencia de los adeptos desde el contexto de su realidad social, económica y política fue clave en la comprensión del proceso de interpretación, adaptación y apropiación de esta práctica de origen extranjero. Se recurrió a la metodología cualitativa y al método etnográfico. Se realizaron entrevistas aplicando una guía de preguntas abiertas. El trabajo de campo duró tres años; en los dos últimos la observación participante propició que el investigador se integrara al grupo de monitores realizando las prácticas principalmente en España y secundariamente en la República Popular de China. En cuanto a los resultados, se correlacionaron los datos obtenidos en el trabajo de campo con las primeras categorías del marco teórico. En la organización y clasificación de los datos, se observaron y constataron los aprendizajes a nivel mental y cognitivo de los objetivos del curso de formación de monitores de qigong. En una segunda lectura de los resultados, emergieron nuevas categorías que fueron clave para una interpretación más profunda. Se encontró que, aunque el enfoque del qigong estudiado era el de la salud, los adeptos no escapaban a la influencia de la espiritualidad New Age. Otro hallazgo fue que en la toma de sentido imperaba, a nivel inconsciente, el egoísmo o individualismo narcisista característico de las sociedades capitalistas y consumistas de la modernidad. En conclusión, se puede afirmar que el qigong en Occidente ha sido influenciado por el movimiento de la New Age, exaltando una espiritualidad alternativa a los dogmas del pensamiento católico. En el campo de las terapias alternativas, la reinterpretación psicosomática del cuerpo oriental acentúa los valores subjetivos relacionados con los sentimientos y emociones como un intento de superar la división cartesiana del cuerpo y la mente. El individualismo narcisista de la modernidad ha sido definitorio en la reinterpretación y resignificación del sentido original del qigong, experiencias que contrastan y se contraponen a los valores, ideas y conceptos colectivos del pensamiento chino. El exotismo y la orientalización del qigong por parte de los practicantes occidentales parece resurgir históricamente en situaciones de crisis social, económica y política.
The central interest of this research is the study of qigong in the West, seen as a corporal practice, which originated in Central Asia and now circulates in the consumer market of alternative therapies. The current context of Spain, characterized by social, economic and political crises, has been key to understanding the process of re-signification and incorporation of some ideas and concepts of Chinese thought within the necessities of the qiqong practitioners’ reality. In the preliminary studies, three styles of qigong were identified – martial, spiritual, and health-focused. This investigation concentrated on a group in the process of becoming qigong monitors in Barcelona, oriented by the preventive health style sustained in traditional Chinese medicine. The aim of the project has been to comprehend the manner in which Westerners incorporate elements of Chinese thought that sustain East Asia’s corporal practices. The initial interest of the research was directed towards understanding the processes of signification and re-signification of cultural traces, codes of behavior, ideas, and the ways that the practitioners give different and particular meanings. In the second stage, the triangulation of the practitioners’ own experiences with the social, economic and political context was key in comprehending their interpretation, adaptation and appropriation process of this foreign discipline. Using qualitative methodology and ethnographic method, interviews were carried out, applying a guide with open questions. The fieldwork lasted three years; during the last two, participative observation propitiated the researcher to become integrated to the group of monitors whose practices were sustained firstly, in Spain and secondly, in the People's Republic of China. Regarding the results, data obtained in fieldwork was correlated with the first categories of the theoretical frame. In the organization and classification of the information, mental and cognitive levels of learning in the course forming qigong monitors were observed and verified. Through a second reading of the results, new categories emerged that were key to a more profound interpretation: although the focus of the qigong studied was oriented toward health, it was found that the practitioners did not escape the influence of New Age spirituality. Another finding was that in making sense of the practice, on an unconscious level, egoism, or the narcissistic individualism characteristic of capitalist and consumerist societies of modernity, prevailed. In conclusion, it can be affirmed that qigong in the West has been influenced by the New Age movement, exalting a spiritual alternative to the dogmas of Catholic thought. In the field of alternative therapies, the psychosomatic reinterpretation of the Oriental body accentuates the subjective values related to sentiments and emotions, in an attempt to overcome the Cartesian division of mind and body. The narcissistic individualism of Modernity has been definitional in the reinterpretation and re-signification of the original sense of qigong – experiences that contrast with and are counterposed to the collective values, ideas and concepts of Chinese thought. The exoticism and the orientalization of qigong on behalf of Western practitioners seem to resurge historically in situations of social, economic and political crises.

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Díez, Xavier 1965. "L'anarquisme individualista a Espanya 1923-1938". Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Girona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/7833.

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La present tesi doctoral té com a objectiu delimitar, descriure i analitzar el discurs ideològic, en clau interna, de l'anarquisme individualista, una de les tendències minoritàries i més mal conegudes de l'anarquisme a Espanya entre 1923 i 1938.
A la part preliminar de la investigació es tracta d'acotar les bases epistemològiques del subjecte d'investigació. I en aquest sentit, es realitza un esforç per tractar d'arribar a una definició sobre l'anarquisme individualista. També s'analitzen els antecedents historiogràfics, es duu a terme un estat historiogràfic de la qüestió i s'exposen els criteris metodològics emprats.
La primera part de la investigació tracta d'analitzar, en capítols successius, els fonaments teòrics de l'individualisme anarquista, ressegueix i descriu els processos de penetració a l'estat espanyol i exposa i analitza la trajectòria de les principals vies de debat i difusió a l'entorn de la teoria individualsta. En el primer cas, l'autor es remunta als orígens ideològics, fonamentats en l'obra fundacional de L'Ego i la seva propietat, del filòsof bavarès Max Stirner. Posteriorment es comenta el substrat filosòfic individualista de procedència nord-americana, amb autors com Henry David Thoreau, Josiah Warren o Benjamin Tucker i es destaca la influència de l'individualisme d'arrel francesa, de finals de segle XIX, amb el rol jugat per anarcoindividualistes com Émile Armand o Han Ryner. En el següent capítol s'exposa l'absència d'un individualisme espanyol autòcton i la dependència ideològica dels corrents foranis, en especial del francès, donats els estrets contactes a banda i banda del Pirineu. També es planteja la qüestió de la diferent intensitat de la presència d'individualisme entre diferents sectors pertanyents al complex univers individualista. També es realitza una descripció de la trajectòria cronològica d'aquest corrent, remuntant-se des de finals del segle XIX, amb la irrupció de la filosofia de Nietzsche, fins a l'acabament de la guerra civil espanyola. El quart capítol enumera els diferents òrgans de propaganda des del qual s'expressa aquest pensament i es descriu breument les tendències individualistes de cadascun d'ells.
La segona part de la investigació analitza, en clau interna, el pensament individualista, a partir del seu material imprès i publicat. Així es descriuen els principis generals, els intens associacionistes, o es comenta el paper dels individualisme al llarg de la guerra civil. Posteriorment es comenten aspectes més concrets, com ara la filosofia educativa del moviment, la extraordinària importància que té la qüestió de l'amor lliure i l'emancipació sexual per als seus seguidors, i altres aspectes complementaris que tindran una extraordinària presència i importància en l'anarquisme individualista com serà l'annacionalisme, l'antimilitarisme i el naturisme.
Es conclou la tesi destacant les aportacions al panorama historiogràfic i a l'esforç realitzat pel seu autor per recuperar la memòria col·lectiva.
The present doctoral research aims to frame, describe and analize the ideological discurse of individualistic anarchism, one of the minoritary and also worset know of anarchism in Spain between 1923 and 1938 tendencies.
The preliminary section of the research we have tried to delimit the epistemological basis of the subject. To this effect, an effort has been made to try to come a definition of individualistic anarchism. As well as this the historiographic background are analized a historiographic estate of the question is carried out the metholical criteria are put forward.
The first part of the research this to analize, in firsts chapters, the theoretical foundations of anarchist individualism, it follows and describes the process of penetration into the Spanish state and put forward as well as analizes the cours of developement of the main means of divulging and debate around the individualistic theory. In the first case the author traces the ideological origins based on the work The Ego and his Own, by the Bavarian philosopher Max Stirner.
Folowing that, a comment is made on the individualistic bachground, with authors in the United States of America, with authors such as Henry David Thoreau, Josiah Warren or Benjamin Tucker, and also on the influence of French individualism from the end of XIXth century, emphasing the role played by individualistic anarchists such as Émile Armand and Han Ryner, as the main representatives of the movement in that country.
The folowing chapter explains the absence of a Spanish autochthonous individualism ant the ideological dependency of foreign corrents, especially those coming from France, given the narrow contacts on both sides of the Pyrinnes. The chapter deals also with the question of the variable intensity of the presence of individualisme among the different sectors/groups belonging to the complex individualistic universe.
The author also describes the cronological evolution on this corrent, from the last decades of the XIXth century -with the irrruption of Nietzsche philosophy- up to the end of the Spanish Civil War.
The fourth chapter numbers the different means of propaganda from which this ideology is expressed (and spread), and it provides a brief description of the particualr individualistic tendencies of each of them.
The second part of the research analyses, from within, the individualististic thinking, drawing the information from the existing written and published materials and sources. This, theri general principles are described as well as theri efforts to create assotiations and the role of individualistic anarchists throghout the Civil War.
Later the author draws the attention on more specific aspects such as the pedagogical principles of the movement, the extraordinary relevance given to the issue of free love and sexual emancipation and other aspects which cull also become of freat relevance fer the movement, such as anationalism, anti-militarism and naturism.
At the end of the reserarch the autor points up his contribution to the historiographical scene and the effort carried out to summon up our conllective memorie.

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Scerri, Andrew Joseph, e andy scerri@rmit edu au. "Self-Orienting Individuals: Subjectivity and Contemporary Liberal Individualism". RMIT University. Global Studies Social Science and Planning, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080102.122048.

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This thesis addresses both theories and practices of subjectivity in Anglo-American societies into the twenty-first century. The central argument is that one dominant subjectivity that has emerged in these societies centres on a deep-seated, almost irreconcilable tension. On the one hand, persons experience relatively heightened desires for unbounded lifestyles amidst relatively high levels of affluence and consumption. Meanwhile, on the other hand, the education, skills, and dispositions that persons assume in social worlds make desiring problematic. For example, high-level consumption or workplace flexibility are not necessarily seen as desirable things, yet appear to envelop contemporary lifestyles. Individuated desires form key aspects of an Anglo-American 'way-of-life', but a liberal individualism that emphasizes personal capacities and responsibilities, 'self-improvement' and 'well-being' has arisen, and this makes resolving ethical and existential dilemmas difficult. That is, many worldly dilemmas - concerns with material security, social justice, the environment, or nutrition, for example - seem irreconcilable to the liberal individualism that is 'lived' as subjectivity 'on the ground'. The thesis synthesizes social anthropology and social theory to ground its claims about the empirical world that sees subjectivity as 'being' human for particular social worlds. The approach is designed to look at situations that call upon self-orienting individuals, in order to explain how these represent the form of life that an 'immediate' self-projecting and orienting, self-asserting and 'creative' dominant subjectivity takes in Anglo-American societies. The argument develops a number of examples in the context of a theory-based approach in two registers: normative and ontological. Inquiry over an ontological register discusses the social formation of subjectivity in relation to the 'categories' of spatiality, temporality, embodiment, and institutionality, and the social constitution of subjectivity over coeval somatic, practical-ethological, and reflexive 'layers of affect'. Inquiry over a normative register discusses practical and discursive conditions, and relates the overall argument to a critique of normativity based in the claim that 'being' requires that norm-based and relational contexts can affectively 'legitimate' ongoing sociality. In summary, the thesis has two dimensions. It argues that this dominant subjectivity moves between sovereign desires for satisfactions and their atomized dissatisfactions, and turns on a sustained deferral of worldly dilemmas irreconcilable to the liberal individualism that is seen to both anchor and impel ongoing sociality. Secondly, it suggests that we need to rethink theories of subjectivity in order to understand better this new dominant form of life.

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Monzani, João Marcelo Amaral Reimão. "Uma abordagem do romance Kokoro de Natsume Sôseki". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8157/tde-25052012-103636/.

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A presente dissertação tem como objetivo uma aproximação crítica à obra de ficção Kokoro de autoria de Natsume Sôseki publicada em 1914. Como eixo temático central dessa abordagem foi escolhida a tópica do individualismo primordial na obra em foco e em sua fortuna crítica. Inicialmente, no capítulo 1, buscamos traçar as significações centrais do conceito em questão, qual seja, o individualismo na visão de pensadores e escritores ocidentais. Em seguida, no capítulo 2, verificamos como essa noção foi tratada pelo autor, para além do plano ficcional, na palestra Meu individualismo proferida em 1914, texto esse inédito em português que traduzimos para esse trabalho. Finalmente, no capítulo 3, realizamos uma leitura por via da crítica literária do romance Kokoro, sempre com ênfase em nosso recorte temático.
This dissertation is centered in a critical reading of the novel Kokoro, published in 1914, by Natsume Soseki. As the central thematic axis of our research it was chosen the notion of individualism given its importance to the analysed novel and its critical reception. First, in chapter 1, we tried to clarify the concept of individualism and its central meanings. Then, in chapter 2, we examined how such notion has been worked upon by the writer not in his fictional prose, but in a lecture called My individualism, which has been translated for the first time into Portuguese for our specific purpose. Finally, in chapter 3, we have critically examined the novel, always bearing in mind our thematic focus.

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Weiss, Raquel Andrade. "Émile Durkheim e a fundamentação social da moralidade". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8133/tde-29062011-124920/.

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Esta tese possui dois objetivos fundamentais, quais sejam, 1) a apresentação de um aspecto da obra de Durkheim que consiste em enunciados sobre o dever ser moral 2) a discussão em torno da fundamentação possível de sua defesa de um ideal moral específico, o individualismo, e de sua proposta de institucionalização de uma moral laica. A tese central é a de tudo aquilo que ele afirma como dever ser corresponde a um ideal criado coletivamente, portanto, sua fundamentação é a própria coletividade. A defesa desse ideal em detrimento de outro qualquer se dá pela avaliação, por parte de sua ciência, de que ele corresponde à lógica imanente de sua sociedade sendo, portanto, normal, desejável e necessário.
I have to main purposes in this thesis, which are 1) to present an aspect of Durkheims work that is basically about what morals should be and 2) look for a plausible grounding of this very specific moral ideal sustained by him, which himself refers as individualism, and of his proposals regarding the institutionalization of a secular moral education. The main thesis to be sustained affirms that all his arguments regarding what moral should or ought to be corresponds to an ideal collectively created, therefore, its ground is collectivity itself. Defending this particular ideal instead of any other possible one depends upon the evaluation made possible by his science that it corresponds to the intrinsic rationale of his own society, therefore, is both normal and desirable.

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Sabolo, Fabrice. "L'amour à l'âge de l'individualisme". Thesis, Paris Est, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PEST0056.

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La relation d'amour vécue au sein du couple et de la conjugalité a connu, sous l'essor de l'individualisme, de profonds changements. L'individualisme, manière d'être au monde et de se rapporter aux autres, a ainsi induit de nouvelles façons de vivre l'amour. En partant d'un contexte précis – notre millénaire naissant –, cette thèse s'efforce de dégager quelques-uns des grands enjeux philosophiques touchant les relations amoureuses aujourd'hui, pour proposer ensuite une analyse détaillée de l'amour et de son rapport à la personne, et tenter par là de répondre aux questions qui se posent désormais. La première partie est donc essentiellement descriptive et aporétique. Elle débute par une brève analyse historique et conceptuelle de l'individualisme, qui permet de préciser le sens général de cette notion, à partir d'auteurs tels que Louis Dumont, Marcel Gauchet, Alain Renaut, Benjamin Constant, Alexis de Tocqueville… C'est ainsi que l'on introduit la distinction entre l'individualisme « politique » (qui marque la naissance de l'individualisme) et l'individualisme « narcissique », qui en est la continuation et l'imprégnation dans nos mœurs quotidiennes, notamment à travers la société de consommation. Une fois ces prémisses posées sont étudiées les conséquences de l'individualisme narcissique sur le couple, les relations amoureuses et conjugales. Cette partie s'appuie plus particulièrement sur les travaux de sociologues (François de Singly, Jean-Claude Kaufmann, Zygmunt Bauman, Gilles Lipovetsky, Christopher Lasch…). Sont abordés notamment les points suivants : le conflit entre l'amour et la liberté individuelle des conjoints ; le contrat amoureux ; la sculpture du couple à partir du projet des conjoints ; le choix amoureux (sa difficulté, sa fragilité, ce qui le conditionne…) ; les amours fusionnel et fissionnel ; l'influence de la société de consommation sur l'amour et le couple ; les approches matérialistes de l'amour. L'objectif de cette première partie, largement nourrie d'écrits sociologiques, n'est pas tant de donner une description du couple contemporain que de dégager, à travers les tensions qui s'y manifestent, les principales questions philosophiques qu'il pose, pour proposer ensuite un cheminement philosophique apportant des éléments de réponse. La deuxième partie, qui ouvre le travail d'analyse et de compréhension de l'amour en lui-même, s'articule autour des visions platonicienne et aristotélicienne de l'amour-éros et l'amour-philia. Elle a pour but de montrer que la vision platonicienne continue d'imprégner notre rapport à l'amour, notamment à travers la fusion et le sentiment amoureux. Pour ce faire, elle commence par étudier les textes de Platon relatifs à l'éros, pour voir ensuite, avec José Ortega y Gasset, puis Denis de Rougemont, combien l'amour est encore compris et appréhendé à partir de cette approche. Puis elle introduit la notion d'amour d'amitié, comme une réponse possible à cette première vision. C'est ainsi qu'elle considère l'analyse que propose Aristote de la philia, et s'efforce de montrer son actualité. La troisième partie, qui poursuit les investigations de la deuxième, commence par analyser les trois grandes formes de l'amour qui habitent l'homme : l'amour instinctif, l'amour sensible et l'amour spirituel, dit « personnel ». Sur cette base-là, elle poursuit sur une analyse de l'amour d'amitié, non plus chez Aristote, mais à partir de l'expérience. À l'occasion de l'étude de ses grandes dimensions (le réalisme de l'amour, le premier amour, l'intention, le choix, la liberté en amour, la fidélité…), sont proposées des réponses aux questions posées dans la première partie. C'est ainsi que l'on présente l'amour d'amitié comme une réponse et une alternative possibles à l'approche individualiste de l'amour, qui voit dans ce dernier une relation contractuelle basée sur un partage d'intérêt
Love in the age of individualism - [Summary by Reverso] The relation of love lived within the couple and within the conjugality knew, under the development of the individualism, the deep changes. The individualism, the way of being to the world and to relate to the others, so led(inferred) new manners to live love. By leaving of a precise context - our rising millennium-, this thesis(theory) tries hard to clear(release) some of the big philosophic stakes affecting(touching) the affairs today, to propose then a detailed analysis of love and its report(relationship) to the person, and try there to answer questions that arise from now on

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Gravelle, Émilie. "Relation entre l'attachement, la différenciation du soi et la triangulation dans la famille d'origine chez les femmes /". Thèse, Chicoutimi : Trois-Rivières : Université du Québec à Chicoutimi. Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2003. http://theses.uqac.ca.

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Thèse (M.Ps.) -- Université du Québec à Chicoutimi, en association avec Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2003.
Bibliogr.: f. [90]-99. Document électronique également accessible en format PDF. CaQCU

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Gao, Yi. "Bursting bubbles a moving image exploration of contemporary Chinese individuality : an thesis submitted to Auckland University of Technology in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Art and Design (MA&D), 2008 /". Click here to access this resource online, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10292/485.

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This thesis is a practical project which involves moving images and paintings together as a medium that explores phenomena of contemporary China relating to personal identity, independence and its relationship with the traditional importance on collective groups, group centredness and interdependence. The project’s approach draws on sociological research on Western thought, values and beliefs naturally occurring in China since the “Open Door” policy as raw data to focus on the transition and transformation of contemporary Chinese individuality, and translates these data to form the concepts underpinning the metaphoric method of my artwork. Bubbles are the main visual symbols that metaphorically imply the incessantly transformable Chinese individuality and social cultural identity. My aim has been to portray this phenomenon through artistic practices on screens. By reflecting and engaging with moving images and paintings, underpinned by theoretical research and methods including data collecting, self-reflecting on data, practical manifestation and self-inquiry, I have attempted to unfold the phenomenon of contemporary Chinese individuality through my art practice. The thesis is composed as a creative work of moving images accompanied by an exegesis component. The moving image represents a nominal 80%, and the exegesis 20% of the final submission.

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Libri sul tema "Individualism"

1959-, Côté Jean-François, a cura di. Individualismes et individualité. Sillery, Québec: Septentrion, 1995.

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Lukes, Steven. Individualism. NewYork: B. Blackwell, 1985.

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institutionen, Uppsala universitet Sociologiska, a cura di. Methodological individualism: A critical appraisal. Uppsala: Uppsala universitet, 1987.

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Jacques, Lemaire, e Meulebroeke Marthe van de, a cura di. Les Individualismes: Dossier. [Bruxelles]: Editions de l'Université de Bruxelles, 1986.

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Holbrook, Peter. Shakespeare's individualism. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2010.

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Macfarlane, Alan. On individualism. Lancaster: Centre for the Study of Cultural Values, 1994.

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Piore, Michael J. Beyond individualism. Cambridge, Mass: Harvard University Press, 1995.

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Mabute-Louie, Bianca. Unlearning Individualism. [Oakland, CA]: Bianca Mabute-Louie, 2020.

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Nash, George H., 1945- author of introduction, a cura di. American individualism. Stanford, California: Hoover Institution Press, 2016.

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Hong, Ch'an-suk. Kaeinhwa: Haebang kwa wihŏm ŭi yangmyŏnsŏng. Sŏul: Sŏul Taehakkyo Ch'ulp'anbu, 2015.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Individualism"

Ryley, Peter. "Individualism". In The Palgrave Handbook of Anarchism, 225–36. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-75620-2_12.

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Bishop, John Douglas. "Individualism". In Encyclopedia of Business and Professional Ethics, 1–4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-23514-1_168-1.

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Pantin, Marlene. "Individualism". In Encyclopedia of Immigrant Health, 898–900. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5659-0_396.

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Wilson, Robert A. "Individualism". In The Blackwell Guide to Philosophy of Mind, 256–87. Malden, MA, USA: Blackwell Publishing Ltd, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9780470998762.ch11.

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de Waal, André, e Julie Linthorst. "Individualism". In Futurize! Dealing with Megatrends and Disruptors, 109–14. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003273264-16.

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Macpherson, C. B. "Individualism". In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 6307–11. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95189-5_809.

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Slater, Matthew H. "Individualism". In Are Species Real?, 67–104. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/9780230393233_4.

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Macpherson, C. B. "Individualism". In The New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 1–5. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-349-95121-5_809-1.

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Buchholz, Rogene A. "Individualism". In Capital and Capitalism, 63–85. New York: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003169222-4.

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Macpherson, C. B. "Individualism". In The Invisible Hand, 149–55. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-20313-0_18.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Individualism"

Conte, Alexander, Erin Ronayne Sohr, Jennifer Radoff e Andrew Elby. "A preliminary case study on the impact of the cultural narratives of individualism, meritocracy, and rigor on collaboration". In 2024 Physics Education Research Conference, 108–13. American Association of Physics Teachers, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/perc.2024.pr.conte.

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Wellman, Barry. "Networked individualism". In the 2nd International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2330601.2330603.

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Zhu, Shanhong, e Lei Zhang. "Research on Networked Individualism". In 2014 International Conference on Information, Business and Education Technology (ICIBET 2014). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icibet-14.2014.74.

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Vacaru, Nadia-Elena. "CONTEMPORARY FAMILY - BETWEEN INDIVIDUALISM AND RECIPROCAL DEDICATION". In SGEM 2014 Scientific SubConference on ANTHROPOLOGY, ARCHAEOLOGY, HISTORY AND PHILOSOPHY. Stef92 Technology, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgemsocial2014/b31/s8.005.

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Hollett, Alexandria. "Confronting Individualism in Preservice Teachers' Theories of Justice". In 2023 AERA Annual Meeting. Washington DC: AERA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3102/2017781.

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Guo, Xiao-wei, e Bo Xu. "Cultural values and citizenship performance: effects of individualism-collectivism". In 2009 International Conference on Management Science and Engineering (ICMSE). IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmse.2009.5317603.

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Pujiastuti, Sri Hilmi, e Mahendra Wijaya. "Internet’s Impact on Individualism and Changing Family Communication Pattern". In The 4th International Conference on Social and Political Sciences. SCITEPRESS - Science and Technology Publications, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0007035200010001.

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Losev, Dmitry V. "Propaganda Of Individualism And Alienation In Modern Mass Culture". In International Scientific Conference «PERISHABLE AND ETERNAL: Mythologies and Social Technologies of Digital Civilization-2021». European Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2021.12.03.74.

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Fellahi, Nadjla. "Globalization and the Rise of Individualism in Algeria from an Architectural". In 7th International Students Science Congress. Izmir International guest Students Association, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52460/issc.2023.003.

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In an increasingly globalized world, where boundaries are blurred and connections strengthened, the field of architecture finds itself deeply influenced by this phenomenon. Algeria, like many other regions, has undergone urban and architectural transformations in recent decades, making the study of globalization's impacts on architecture a crucial endeavour. This qualitative research aims to evaluate the specific influences of globalization on the architectural landscape of Batna City in Algeria. Utilizing secondary data and observations, this study investigates the rise of individualism and detached houses in Batna City, which have witnessed notable architectural variations in recent decades. By analysing the underlying reasons behind the production of detached house samples and their connection with the rise of individualism, this research sheds light on the intersecting economic, political, and cultural forces of globalization that shape the built environment in Batna. The findings of this study reveal that globalization, along with economic and political shifts, urban expansion, and technological advancements, has contributed to the proliferation of individualism in Batna. It becomes evident that individualism is not a recent phenomenon but rather a trend that emerged shortly after independence and deepened in the post-2000s era. The manifestation of individualism is highly influenced by the forces of globalization and the media's portrayal of Western culture. This research holds significance for the field of architecture in Algeria, providing valuable insights into the impacts of globalization on architectural trends and the built environment. By understanding these influences, architects and policymakers can better navigate the challenges and opportunities presented by globalization, ensuring the continued development of culturally sensitive and contextually relevant architectural designs.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Individualism"

Fiszbein, Martin, Yeonha Jung e Dietrich Vollrath. Agrarian Origins of Individualism and Collectivism. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, gennaio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w29643.

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Bazzi, Samuel, Martin Fiszbein e Maximiliano Garcia. The Moral Values of "Rugged Individualism". Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, maggio 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w32433.

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Tella, Rafael Di, Juan Dubra e Robert MacCulloch. A Resource Belief-Curse? Oil and Individualism. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, dicembre 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w14556.

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Landier, Augustin, e David Thesmar. Who is Neoliberal? Durkheimian Individualism and Support for Market Mechanisms. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, aprile 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w29942.

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Bazzi, Samuel, Martin Fiszbein e Mesay Gebresilasse. Rugged Individualism and Collective (In)action During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, settembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w27776.

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Davis, Robert D. Community Value Above Individualism: A Common Cultural Element in Modern Suicide Bombers. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, aprile 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada539970.

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Manski, Charles. WHEN CONSENSUS CHOICE DOMINATES INDIVIDUALISM: Jensen's Inequality and Collective Decisions under Uncertainty. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, luglio 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15172.

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Bazzi, Samuel, Martin Fiszbein e Mesay Gebresilasse. Frontier Culture: The Roots and Persistence of “Rugged Individualism” in the United States. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, novembre 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w23997.

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Gallardo-Camacho, J., FR Trujillo Fernández e A. Jorge Alonso. Individualism as an improvised strategy in the dispersion of jihadist videos in YouTube. Revista Latina de Comunicación Social, gennaio 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4185/rlcs-2018-1243en.

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BESTAEVA, E., e U. TEDEEVA. SOME ASPECTS OF THE WORLDVIEW FOUNDATIONS OF BIOETHICS. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2077-1770-2021-13-3-2-14-24.

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The purpose of the work is to determine the specifics of the worldview foundations of bioethics, their structure, nature and essence of man in the context of the “new experience” in the field of biotechnology. Research methods - philosophical and general logical.”New experience” in the field of biotechnology, as a stimulating discussion of anthropological, axiological and social problems, must be guided by the strategy of personal preservation and the methodology of human integrity and have value-worldview attitudes as real prerequisites. In the new ethics, the fundamental principles of two historically established systems - individualism and conciliarism (collectivism) are considered in the form of complement, not contradictory. We are only talking about their ratio and the degree of demand. At the same time, the state and society, and not “personal law”, are of decisive importance.

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