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Scheuner, Nelly, e Françoise Bonthoux. "La construction des catégories surordonnées chez l’enfant : utilisation différentielle des indices perceptifs et contextuels selon le domaine". Bulletin de psychologie 57, n. 469 (2004): 105–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/bupsy.2004.15310.
Abstract (sommario):
Cette expérience tente de différencier deux voies de construction des catégories taxonomiques surordonnées selon les domaine (objets naturels vs. fabriqués). La voie perceptive (Quinn, Eimas, 1997) serait privilégiée pour certains objets naturels du fait d’un apprentissage visuel et la voie contextuelle (Nelson, 1982) pour certains objets artificiels, du fait de l’interaction directe avec ces objets. Une étude longitudinale utilisant une épreuve de tri est proposée à des enfants de 3 ans (3 sessions tous les 6 mois). Les enfants peuvent produire des tris soit thématiques, soit taxonomiques. Les associés taxonomiques peuvent être regroupés sur la base 1° d’un contexte commun ou non et 2° de leur ressemblance ou non. Quatre catégories sont étudiées : animaux, aliments, véhicules, jouets. Les indices perceptifs et contextuels semblent utilisés différentiellement, selon les domaines, entre 3 et 5 ans. La prise en compte de l’information contextuelle diminue pour les objets naturels à 4 ans et demi alors que l’information perceptive augmente. En revanche, les deux sortes d’indices perdurent pour les objets artificiels. Ainsi, plusieurs critères de catégorisation coexistent chez le jeune enfant, pondérés différemment selon les individus et les domaines.
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Pampalon, R., D. Hamel, P. Gamache, A. Simpson e MD Philibert. "Valider un indice de défavorisation en santé publique : un exercice complexe, illustré par l'indice québécois". Maladies chroniques et blessures au Canada 34, n. 1 (febbraio 2014): 14–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.34.1.03f.
Abstract (sommario):
Introduction Malgré l'usage répandu d'indices de défavorisation en santé publique, leur validation est rarement abordée de manière explicite ou élaborée, car il s'agit là d'un exercice complexe. Méthodologie En nous fondant sur les propositions de chercheurs britanniques, nous avons cherché à valider l'indice québécois de défavorisation matérielle et sociale en utilisant des critères de validité (validité de contenu, validité sur critère et validité de construit), de fiabilité, de sensibilité et d'autres propriétés pertinentes en santé publique (intelligibilité, objectivité et praticabilité). Résultats Nous avons passé en revue la littérature internationale sur les indices de défavorisation ainsi que les publications et les utilisations de l'indice québécois et nous avons ajouté des données factuelles. Conclusion Après examen, il appert que l'indice québécois répond favorablement aux critères et propriétés de validation proposés. Des validations additionnelles s'imposent toutefois afin de mieux cerner les facteurs contextuels associés à cet indice.
3
Adjiwanou, Vissého, e Thomas K. Legrand. "Effets des normes de genre, de l’éducation et de l’emploi sur l’autonomie décisionnelle des femmes en Afrique subsaharienne". Articles 44, n. 1 (9 luglio 2015): 89–128. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/1032150ar.
Abstract (sommario):
L’autonomie des femmes a été reconnue comme une condition essentielle au développement lors de la Conférence internationale sur la population et le développement de Caire en 1994. Cette étude examine les facteurs contextuels (notamment des normes de genre légitimant la violence envers les femmes) et les facteurs individuels (dont le niveau d’instruction et le type d’emploi) sur l’autonomie décisionnelle des femmes en milieu rural au Ghana, au Kenya, en Ouganda et en Tanzanie. Elle utilise les données issues des enquêtes démographiques et de santé (EDS) de ces pays. La mesure des normes de genre à partir de la perception qu’ont les femmes de la violence domestique (d’un homme sur son épouse) dans leur communauté en recourant à l’analyse factorielle confirmatoire a donné de bons indices d’ajustement qui renforcent la validité de cette méthode. Une augmentation d’un écart-type de cette variable contextuelle est associée à un accroissement des risques pour une femme d’avoir une faible autonomie décisionnelle de 54 % au Ghana, de 45 % au Kenya, de 48 % en Ouganda et de 25 % en Tanzanie. L’instruction et le statut socioéconomique des femmes ne présentent pas la même stabilité sur l’autonomie décisionnelle des femmes. Nos résultats témoignent de la nécessité d’une politique plus globale pour renforcer l’autonomie des femmes en Afrique subsaharienne.
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Champagne-Muzar, Cécile. "Le rôle des faits phonétiques dans le décodage perceptif en langue seconde : état de la question". Revue québécoise de linguistique 21, n. 1 (1 giugno 2009): 41–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/602723ar.
Abstract (sommario):
Résumé Cet article tente d’esquisser la contribution des phénomènes segmentaux et suprasegmentaux au décodage perceptif rudimentaire tel qu’il se manifeste chez le débutant en langue seconde. Selon Berkovits (1980), l’apport des habiletés phonétiques se ferait valoir surtout au niveau débutant étant donné que l’apprenant qui n’a aucune connaissance de la langue cible ne peut se prévaloir d’informations sémantiques, pragmatiques ou syntaxiques (Conrad, 1985) disponibles chez l’apprenant avancé ou le locuteur natif. Comme en témoignent les écrits recensés, qu’il s’agisse de la compréhension dans un but communicatif ou en vue du développement de la langue cible en général (au sens de Sharwood-Smith, 1986), il semble que le processus de décodage de compréhension auditive soit lié au développement des habiletés phonétiques dans la mesure où ces dernières contribuent à la segmentation de l’intrant, à l’accès lexical et constituent des indices linguistiques contextuels qui permettent d’accéder à un sens rudimentaire.
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Griffiths, Mark D., Jill Kickul e Alan L. Carsrud. "Government Bureaucracy, Transactional Impediments, and Entrepreneurial Intentions". International Small Business Journal: Researching Entrepreneurship 27, n. 5 (22 settembre 2009): 626–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0266242609338752.
Abstract (sommario):
In environments where information asymmetries and changing market conditions are ever-present, discerning between different macro-level and contextual factors that stimulate or inhibit entrepreneurial activity still needs to be validated. Utilizing our own primary data ( N = 1473 across 10 countries) as well as secondary data (World Bank Economic Forum, Global Financial Data, and Transparency International), we investigate the role that several contextual indices (e.g. perceptions of an entrepreneurial culture) and macro-level indices (e.g. government corruption, GDP per capita, and ease of doing business indices) have on entrepreneurial intentions. Results reveal the impact government corruption and the concomitant transactional impediments have on the degree of entrepreneurial interest across countries.
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Karayanidis, F., S. Andrews, P. B. Ward e N. McConaghy. "Effects of aging on event-related potential indices of contextual processing". Biological Psychology 37, n. 1 (ottobre 1993): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0301-0511(93)90043-8.
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Monteiro, Kátia R., Scott A. Crossley e Kristopher Kyle. "In Search of New Benchmarks: Using L2 Lexical Frequency and Contextual Diversity Indices to Assess Second Language Writing". Applied Linguistics 41, n. 2 (24 dicembre 2018): 280–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/applin/amy056.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Lexical items that are encountered more frequently and in varying contexts have important effects on second language (L2) development because frequent and contextually diverse words are learned faster and become more entrenched in a learner’s lexicon (Ellis 2002a, b). Despite evidence that L2 learners are generally exposed to non-native input, most frequency and contextual diversity metrics used in L2 research represent what is produced by native speakers of English. This study develops and tests indices of lexical frequency and contextual diversity based on L2 output. The L2 indices were derived from an L2 English learner adult corpus that contained three sub-corpora based on language levels (i.e. low, medium, and high). These indices were used to predict human scores of 480 independent essays from the Test of English as a Foreign Language (TOEFL). First language (L1) indices reported by the Tool for the Automatic Analysis of Lexical Sophistication (TAALES) were also calculated. Three regression analyses were run to predict human scores using L2 indices, L1 indices, and combined indices. The results suggested that the L2 model explained a greater amount of variance in the writing scores and that the L2 model was statistically superior to the L1 model. The findings also suggested that contextual diversity indices are better predictors of writing proficiency than lexical frequency for both the L2 and the L1 models. Finally, an index from the lower level learner sub-corpus was found to be the strongest predictor. The findings have important implications for the analysis of L2 writing in that the L2 benchmarks are more predictive than the L1 benchmarks. These findings could extend human and machine scoring approaches as well as help explain L2 writing quality.
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Ikanga, Jean, Zinat Taiwo, Ketrin Lengu, Emmanuel Epenge, Herve Esambo, Guy Gikelekele, Christian Esselakoy et al. "Performance on the African neuropsychology battery using the learning ratio in a sample of healthy Congolese". Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 29, n. 5 (10 maggio 2023): 503–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135561772200039x.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractObjective:Using the African Neuropsychology Battery (ANB), we seek to develop normative data by examining the demographic effects for two learning process scores: initial learning (Trial One) and learning ratio (LR, the percentage of items learned relative of to-be-learned material following Trial 1).Methods:Healthy participants from the Democratic Republic of Congo completed the four memory tests of the ANB: the African Story Memory Test (ASMT), African List Memory Test (ALMT), African Visuospatial Memory Test (AVMT), and African Contextual Visuospatial Memory Test (ACVMT). We developed indices of learning for each subtest, as well as aggregate learning indices for Trial 1 and LR, and composite indices examining verbal, visual, contextual, and noncontextual learning, and grand indices comprising all four subtests.Results:Trial 1 and LR scores each demonstrated acceptable intercorrelations across memory tests. We present normative data for Trial 1 and LR by age and education.Conclusion:These data provide normative standards for evaluating learning in Sub-Saharan Africa.
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Dave, S., T. A. Brothers e T. Y. Swaab. "1/ f neural noise and electrophysiological indices of contextual prediction in aging". Brain Research 1691 (luglio 2018): 34–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brainres.2018.04.007.
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Jelsma, Otto, e Jeroen J. G. van Merriënboer. "Contextual Interference: Interactions with Reflection-Impulsivity". Perceptual and Motor Skills 68, n. 3_suppl (giugno 1989): 1055–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1989.68.3c.1055.
Abstract (sommario):
In the present study, interactions of contextual interference and the cognitive style reflection-impulsivity were examined for training and retention performance. 64 subjects were randomly assigned to either a random or blocked practice schedule in learning a cursor-movement task. Reflectivity indices were determined by means of our computerized version of the Matching Familiar Figures Test. Analysis showed that the generally positive effect of practicing under a random practice schedule decreased for more reflective subjects. Further, training under a random practice schedule forced impulsive subjects to behave more like reflective ones, which improved their performance at retention. It was concluded that reflection-impulsivity is an important factor to be incorporated into the design of effective training programs.
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Bonanno, George A., Fiona Maccallum, Matteo Malgaroli e Wai Kai Hou. "The Context Sensitivity Index (CSI): Measuring the Ability to Identify the Presence and Absence of Stressor Context Cues". Assessment 27, n. 2 (21 dicembre 2018): 261–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1073191118820131.
Abstract (sommario):
The ability to accurately perceive cues to contextual demands across different situations has been identified as a crucial component of successful self-regulation. However, previous attempts to measure context sensitivity have suffered from serious methodological limitations, most notably the possibility that respondents may not possess sufficient knowledge of their own abilities, the confounding of perception of context with response to context, the use of only one or two contextual variations, and the failure to consider the abilities to both accurately detect contextual cues and accurately determine cue absence. This article reports a new, easy-to-administer scenario-based questionnaire measure, the Context Sensitivity Index (CSI), that addressed each of these limitations. The 20-item CSI was iteratively developed and normed using data from five studies to create separate indices to capture sensitivity to the presence of contextual cues (Cue Presence index) and to the relative absence of cues (Cue Absence index). We validated these indices against measures of flexibility, psychopathology, and other scales. Results are discussed in terms of the CSI’s implications, limitations, and future applications.
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Garg, Ankit. "ICT ADOPTION AND SME’S: A CONTEXTUAL FRAMEWORK". International Journal of Engineering Technologies and Management Research 3, n. 12 (31 gennaio 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/ijetmr.v3.i12.2016.69.
Abstract (sommario):
The present paper is based on the objective of impact of ICT on small scale industrial units of India. An attempt to discuss the different challenges in the sector and overcoming them to make the small scale industries competitive through academic literature. SME’s plays central role in the overall growth of the industrial economy of the country. SME’s in India are known as the backbone of the economy. The reason behind is that these enterprises are employing about 40% of India's workforce and contributing 45% to India's manufacturing output, they play a significant role in generating millions of jobs, especially at the low-skill level. The country's 1.3 million SME account for 40% of India's total exports. The current scenario clearly states that the growth of our economy is impossible without the growth and development of these enterprises but these enterprises are far behind the large counterparts in the economy. The aim of this paper is to study how and why SMEs acquire or adopt ICT and the challenges surrounding the process.
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LUTHAR, SUNIYA S., e KAREN D'AVANZO. "Contextual factors in substance use: A study of suburban and inner-city adolescents". Development and Psychopathology 11, n. 4 (dicembre 1999): 845–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579499002357.
Abstract (sommario):
Objectives in this research were to examine contextual differences in correlates of substance use among high school students. The focus was on two broad categories of adjustment indices: personal psychopathology (internalizing and externalizing problems) and behaviors reflecting social competence (academic achievement, teacher-rated classroom behaviors, and peer acceptance or rejection). Associations between drug use and each of these constructs were examined in two sociodemographically disparate groups: teens from affluent, suburban families (n = 264), and low socioeconomic status adolescents from inner-city settings (n= 224). Results indicated that suburban youth reported significantly higher levels of substance use than inner-city youth. In addition, their substance use was more strongly linked with subjectively perceived maladjustment indices. Comparable negative associations involving grades and teacher-rated behaviors were found in both groups, and among suburban males only, substance use showed robust positive associations with acceptance by peers. Results are discussed in terms of developmental perspectives on adolescent deviance, contextual socializing forces, and implications for preventive interventions and treatment.
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Taylor, Danielle L., DeMond M. Grant, Kristen E. Frosio, Jacob D. Kraft, Kaitlyn M. Nagel, Danielle E. Deros e Evan J. White. "Neural indices of orienting, discrimination, and conflict monitoring after contextual fear and safety learning". Cognitive, Affective, & Behavioral Neuroscience 20, n. 5 (27 luglio 2020): 917–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13415-020-00810-8.
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Brimicombe, Allan. "Constructing and Evaluating Contextual Indices Using GIS: A Case of Primary School Performance Tables". Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 32, n. 11 (novembre 2000): 1909–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a3316.
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Botnari, Liliana. "Lexical Indices of Variation in „Amintiri din copilărie” by Ion Creangă". Philologia, n. 2(314) (agosto 2021): 94–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.52505/1857-4300.2021.2(314).10.
Abstract (sommario):
Ion Creangă’s literary work is an inexhaustible source of expressiveness, which lends itself to versatile interpretations, from various perspectives, never finished. In this study, we analyze the lexical variation indices of „Amintiri din copilărie” through the prism of the variational dimensions: diachrony, diatopia, diastratia and diaphasia. Their inventory demonstrates that Ion Creangă's work abounds in contextual expressive-aesthetic meanings and is a perfect model for rendering the simultaneous harmonious functioning of these indices, which actually builds the oral and popular character of his writing. Obsolete lexical units, archaic forms, as well as words of Slavic origin are indices of diachronic and diatopic variation. The terms of popular occupations or the lexemes related to the village life and its activities become diastratic indices, their intentional insertion involving various moods, emotions or attitudes.
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Ujebe, Nome, Chukwu-etu Ogbonnia e Michael Ezaka Nwafor. "People performance measures and commitment of academic staff in Nigeria Universities". Journal of Policy and Development Studies 14, n. 2 (8 novembre 2023): 189–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/jpds.v14i2.13.
Abstract (sommario):
People performance measure is critical for appraisal purpose to ensure sustainable commitment. The indices of performance are investigated to ascertain the extent of relationship to their commitment. The approach to people performance measure in our Universities affect commitment of people at individual and team levels and tend to reduce overall institutional performance. The study used survey research design. The primary data gathered through questionnaire were analysed using correlation. Based on the analysis, the findings revealed that people performance measures have significant positive effect on employee commitment among academic staff of Nigerian Universities. It is therefore recommended that task performance measure, contextual and adaptive performance measures be emphasised in appraising performance of academics in our Universities. This will imply a review of the academic appraisal policy to include more indices of the people’s performance particularly in the areas of contextual, adaptive and task performance measures in order to achieve greater commitment and promote institutional achievements
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Lamboni, Matieyendou. "Kernel-based sensitivity indices for any model behavior and screening". Socio-Environmental Systems Modelling 5 (12 dicembre 2023): 18566. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/sesmo.18566.
Abstract (sommario):
Complex models are often used to understand interactions and drivers of human-induced and/or natural phenomena. It is worth identifying the input variables that drive the model output(s) in a given domain and/or govern specific model behaviors such as contextual indicators based on socioenvironmental models. Using the theory of multivariate weighted distributions to characterize specific model behaviors, we propose new measures of association between inputs and such behaviors. Our measures rely on sensitivity functionals (SFs) and kernel methods, including variance-based sensitivity analysis. The proposed ℓ1-based kernel indices account for interactions among inputs, higher-order moments of SFs, and their upper bounds are somehow equivalent to the Morris-type screening measures, including dependent elementary effects. Empirical kernel-based indices are derived, including their statistical properties for the computational issues, and numerical results are provided.
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Vanegas, M. Isabel, Annabelle Blangero e Simon P. Kelly. "Electrophysiological indices of surround suppression in humans". Journal of Neurophysiology 113, n. 4 (15 febbraio 2015): 1100–1109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00774.2014.
Abstract (sommario):
Surround suppression is a well-known example of contextual interaction in visual cortical neurophysiology, whereby the neural response to a stimulus presented within a neuron's classical receptive field is suppressed by surrounding stimuli. Human psychophysical reports present an obvious analog to the effects seen at the single-neuron level: stimuli are perceived as lower-contrast when embedded in a surround. Here we report on a visual paradigm that provides relatively direct, straightforward indices of surround suppression in human electrophysiology, enabling us to reproduce several well-known neurophysiological and psychophysical effects, and to conduct new analyses of temporal trends and retinal location effects. Steady-state visual evoked potentials (SSVEP) elicited by flickering “foreground” stimuli were measured in the context of various static surround patterns. Early visual cortex geometry and retinotopic organization were exploited to enhance SSVEP amplitude. The foreground response was strongly suppressed as a monotonic function of surround contrast. Furthermore, suppression was stronger for surrounds of matching orientation than orthogonally-oriented ones, and stronger at peripheral than foveal locations. These patterns were reproduced in psychophysical reports of perceived contrast, and peripheral electrophysiological suppression effects correlated with psychophysical effects across subjects. Temporal analysis of SSVEP amplitude revealed short-term contrast adaptation effects that caused the foreground signal to either fall or grow over time, depending on the relative contrast of the surround, consistent with stronger adaptation of the suppressive drive. This electrophysiology paradigm has clinical potential in indexing not just visual deficits but possibly gain control deficits expressed more widely in the disordered brain.
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Spillane, Nichea S., Lisa Weyandt, Danielle Oster e Hayley Treloar. "Social contextual risk factors for stimulant use among adolescent American Indians". Drug and Alcohol Dependence 179 (ottobre 2017): 167–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.06.032.
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Yates, Tuppett M., Jelena Obradović e Byron Egeland. "Transactional relations across contextual strain, parenting quality, and early childhood regulation and adaptation in a high-risk sample". Development and Psychopathology 22, n. 3 (24 giugno 2010): 539–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095457941000026x.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractThis investigation examined transactional relations across contextual strain, parenting quality, and child adjustment in 209 mothers and children at 24, 42, and 72 months of age. Independent ratings of mothers' stressful life events, social support, and relationship quality provided an objective measure of maternal contextual strain. Observers evaluated parenting quality during parent–child interactions at each time point. Child regulatory functioning during laboratory tasks at 24 and 42 months was evaluated by independent observers based on both behavioral (e.g., noncompliance, distractibility) and emotional (e.g., frustration, anger) indices. At 72 months, teachers reported on children's externalizing behaviors, and children completed objective measures of academic achievement. Nested path analyses were used to evaluate increasingly complex models of influence, including transactional relations between child and parent, effects from contextual strain to parenting and child adaptation, and reciprocal effects from child and parent behavior to contextual strain. Over and above stability within each domain and cross-sectional cross-domain covariation, significant paths emerged from maternal contextual strain to subsequent child adjustment. Bidirectional relations between parenting and child adjustment were especially prominent among boys. These findings counter unidirectional models of parent-mediated contextual effects by highlighting the direct influences of contextual strain and parent–child transactions on early childhood behavioral and academic adjustment, respectively.
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Toufik Boutellis e Ammar Bouchair. "Predictive Capacity Analysis for Outdoor Thermal Comfort Assessments: A Case Study of Jijel City, Algeria". Journal of Advanced Research in Fluid Mechanics and Thermal Sciences 98, n. 1 (19 settembre 2022): 18–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.37934/arfmts.98.1.1841.
Abstract (sommario):
Ensuring acceptable thermal comfort conditions in public spaces is nowadays a major concern of urban design. A number of indices have been proposed in the literature, namely PMV, PET, SET*, UTCI, PT, mPET and MOCI. The present study aims to find the most suitable index the outdoor thermal comfort assessment in the city of Jijel by comparing the predictive capacities of these indices in terms of frequency occurrence and by relating them with the contextual responses of users. These indices are defined, their feature is analysed and finally explored. Thermal comfort based on these indices was evaluated using RayMan and Townscope softwares. The choice among these indices needs their comparison with data gathered from a survey by questionnaire. The findings indicate a slight agreement between these indices and the perceived sensation (PESV) values in the range of -1 and +1, especially with the indices SET* and mPET. However, for the classes +2 and +4, a significant disagreement is observed. For the class +3, however, only PET, PMV and SET* are more joined to the perceived sensation values. The disagreements may be related to the physical environment characteristics, the subjective perception, and the adaptation attitude of the users. Thus, further indices calibration investigation is needed for better prediction of comfort taking into account local specificities. Based on the indices which are relatively in agreement with PESV, a neutral air temperature of 19.8 °C in winter and 20.4 °C in summer for the city of Jijel is deduced. Also, a comfort zone of 17.3 to 22.4 °C in winter and 18 to 22.8 °C in summer is extrapolated.
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Rigby, M. "Citation Analysis in Health Care Sciences". Methods of Information in Medicine 53, n. 06 (2014): 459–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.3414/me14-05-0004.
Abstract (sommario):
SummaryBackground: Citations of scientific papers in health care have become a subject of interest, as in any scientific sector. However, such a metric, while useful in a simple way, can become subject to too much credibility, and therefore to advanced analyses which are not soundly grounded even if methodologically valid.Objectives: The objective was to contextual-ise citation indices in health care science, juxtaposed with a parallel analytic paper.Methods: The literature was reviewed and set against the objectives of metrics of literature and of researchers.Results: The strengths and weaknesses of citation indices in the health sector were identified, with practical examples of perverse effects, and compared with the core objectives of health care development.Conclusions: Citation indices in health care science have a value, but this is limited to giving a broad overview. Other measures of effectiveness, including impact on education, on health care development, and on stimulation of applied developments, are needed rather than spuriously scientific advanced analyses of citation counts.
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Mitchell, Andrew, Tin Oberman, Francesco Aletta, Mercede Erfanian, Magdalena Kachlicka, Matteo Lionello e Jian Kang. "The Soundscape Indices (SSID) Protocol: A Method for Urban Soundscape Surveys—Questionnaires with Acoustical and Contextual Information". Applied Sciences 10, n. 7 (1 aprile 2020): 2397. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10072397.
Abstract (sommario):
A protocol for characterizing urban soundscapes for use in the design of Soundscape Indices (SSID) and general urban research as implemented under the European Research Council (ERC)-funded SSID project is described in detail. The protocol consists of two stages: (1) a Recording Stage to collect audio-visual recordings for further analysis and for use in laboratory experiments, and (2) a Questionnaire Stage to collect in situ soundscape assessments via a questionnaire method paired with acoustic data collection. Key adjustments and improvements to previous methodologies for soundscape characterization have been made to enable the collation of data gathered from research groups around the world. The data collected under this protocol will form a large-scale, international soundscape database.
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Josiam, Bharath M., Ravinder K. Zutshi e Zafar U. Ahmed. "INDIA'S ECONOMIC REFORMS: INTERPRETING THE DYNAMICS OF CHANGE FROM A CONTEXTUAL PERSPECTIVE". Competitiveness Review 9, n. 1 (gennaio 1999): 68–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb046375.
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Pampalon, R., D. Hamel, P. Gamache, A. Simpson e MD Philibert. "Validation of a deprivation index for public health: a complex exercise illustrated by the Quebec index". Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada 34, n. 1 (febbraio 2014): 12–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.24095/hpcdp.34.1.03.
Abstract (sommario):
Introduction Despite the widespread use of deprivation indices in public health, they are rarely explicitly or extensively validated, owing to the complex nature of the exercise. Methods Based on the proposals of British researchers, we sought to validate Quebec's material and social deprivation index using criteria of validity (content, criterion and construct validity), reliability and responsiveness, as well as other properties relevant to public health (comprehensibility, objectivity and practicality). Results We reviewed the international literature on deprivation indices, as well as publications and uses of the Quebec index, to which we added factual data. Conclusion Based on the review, it appears that the Quebec index responds favourably to the proposed validation criteria and properties. However, additional validations are required to better identify the contextual factors associated with the index.
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Phelan, Jessica M., Richard R. Rosenkranz, Connor J. Phelan e Sara K. Rosenkranz. "Holistic Framework to Contextualize Dietary Quality Assessment: A Critical Review". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, n. 5 (23 febbraio 2023): 3986. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20053986.
Abstract (sommario):
Numerous dietary quality indices exist to help quantify overall dietary intake and behaviors associated with positive health outcomes. Most indices focus solely on biomedical factors and nutrient or food intake, and exclude the influence of important social and environmental factors associated with dietary intake. Using the Diet Quality Index- International as one sample index to illustrate our proposed holistic conceptual framework, this critical review seeks to elucidate potential adaptations to dietary quality assessment by considering—in parallel—biomedical, environmental, and social factors. Considering these factors would add context to dietary quality assessment, influencing post-assessment recommendations for use across various populations and circumstances. Additionally, individual and population-level evidence-based practices could be informed by contextual social and environmental factors that influence dietary quality to provide more relevant, reasonable, and beneficial nutritional recommendations.
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Helbich, Marco. "Spatiotemporal Contextual Uncertainties in Green Space Exposure Measures: Exploring a Time Series of the Normalized Difference Vegetation Indices". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, n. 5 (8 marzo 2019): 852. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16050852.
Abstract (sommario):
Environmental health studies on green space may be affected by contextual uncertainties originating from the temporality of environmental exposures and by how the spatial context is delimitated. The Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) is frequently used as an outdoor green space metric capturing the chlorophyll content in the vegetation canopy. This study assessed (1) whether residential NDVI exposures vary over time, and (2) how these time series of NDVI scores vary across spatial context delimitations. Multi-temporal NDVI data for the period 2006–2017 for the Netherlands were obtained from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) satellite platform. Annual NDVI exposures were determined across multiple buffer sizes (i.e., 300, 600, and 1000 m) centered on a random sample of 10,000 Dutch residential addresses. Besides the descriptive statistics, pairwise Wilcoxon tests and Fligner–Killeen tests were used to determine mean and variance differences in annual NDVI scores across buffer widths. Heat maps visualized the correlation matrices. Significance levels were adjusted for multiple hypotheses testing. The results indicated that annual NDVI metrics were significantly correlated but their magnitude varied notably between 0.60 to 0.97. Numerous mean and variance differences in annual NDVI exposures were significant. It seems that the disparate buffers (i.e., 300 and 1000 m) were less strongly correlated, possibly because variance heterogeneity is reduced in larger buffers. These results have been largely consistent over the years and have passed Monte Carlo-based sensitivity tests. In conclusion, besides assessing green space exposures along different buffer sizes, our findings suggest that green space–health studies should employ NDVI data that are well-aligned with epidemiological data. Even an annual temporal incompatibility may obscure or distort green space–health associations. Both strategies may diminish contextual uncertainties in environmental exposure assessments.
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Algaraady, Dr Jeehaan. "An analysis of Yemenis’ responses and sentiments on social media towards the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic". مجلة العلوم التربوية و الدراسات الإنسانية, n. 27 (27 dicembre 2022): 589–607. http://dx.doi.org/10.55074/hesj.v0i27.621.
Abstract (sommario):
Recently, many studies have widely dealt with data mining and Text classification, including sentiment analysis. Sentiment analysis (SA) is an application of Natural Language Processing (NLP) implemented to understand the public’s attitudes. The recent proliferation of social media has helped gauge the public’s mood. The current study aims to explore the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the Yemeni community and generate indices assessing public sentiments and attitudes using lexicon and rule-based approach (VAEDR: Valence Aware Dictionary and Sentiment Reasoner) and qualitative and quantitative analysis methods. 8,830 Facebook and YouTube comments were analyzed before and after the declaration of COVID-19 on 10th April 2020 in Yemen. The results revealed that sentiment polarity with and without contextual reference differed significantly. Without contextual reference, neutrality was prevalent and reached 55%; negativity scored 24% while positivity reached 21% before 10th April, but after this date, negativity was dominant and reached 57%, neutrality scored 28%, and positivity scored 15%. With contextual reference, positivity was prevalent and scored 72% before 10th April, but after this date, negativity dominated the public’s mood and reached 78.23%; positivity highly decreased to 18.65%, while neutrality scored 3.12%. The study demonstrated the superiority of SA based on the contextual reference of words.
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Reinecke, Mark A., e David L. DuBois. "Socioenvironmental and Cognitive Risk and Resources: Relations to Mood and Suicidality Among Inpatient Adolescents". Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 15, n. 3 (gennaio 2001): 195–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.15.3.195.
Abstract (sommario):
Socioenvironmental and cognitive risk and resources were investigated as predictors of mood and suicidality in a sample of 74 adolescent psychiatric inpatients. Socioenvironmental measures included stressful life events, daily hassles, and perceived social support; cognitive measures tapped maladaptive schemas, social problem solving, and global self-esteem. Indices of mood and suicidality assessed depressive symptoms as well as anxiety, hopelessness, and suicidal ideation. In multiple regression analyses, socio environmental measures consistently accounted for a significant proportion of the variance in criterion indices of mood and suicidality. Cognitive measures, entered on a subsequent step of each regression, made significant incremental contributions to prediction for all criterion indices. Cognitive measures, furthermore, were found to mediate the associations of socioenvironmental measures to assessed levels of mood and suicidality, such that evidence of indirect effects involving the three sets of measures was found (e.g., daily hassles → maladaptive schemas → depression). Findings are consistent with socio-cognitive models that emphasize multifactorial and interrelated contributions of cognitive, social, and environmental factors to risk for emotional disturbance during adolescence. A developmentallysensitive, social-contextual paradigm for understanding the role of cognitive factors in adolescent psychopathology is recommended.
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Adiyanto, Johannes. "Dutch architectural learning process of the Dutch East Indies". ARTEKS : Jurnal Teknik Arsitektur 8, n. 2 (1 agosto 2023): 317–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.30822/arteks.v8i2.2350.
Abstract (sommario):
This research concentrates on the architectural process of Dutch architects in the Dutch East Indies, specifically Maclaine Pont, Thomas Karsten, and Wolff Schoemaker. The issue addressed by these three people is how they learned, particularly their reaction to the conditions and wealth of buildings in the Dutch East Indies, and what drove each of their architectures. This study employs a synchronic-diachronic analytic strategy as well as a historical interpretation strategy based on contextual evidence categories. It runs from 1900 to 1940. According to the study's findings, all three encounters through the same learning process, which includes the introduction phase, the exploration phase, and the architectural attitude phase. The architectural perspective was expressed at Maclaine Pont through the design of a tent structure system based on studies of Javanese pavilion roofs, whereas Karsten and Schoemaker referenced modern architecture. Karsten was fascinated by people's daily lives, whereas Schoemaker thought Frank Lloyd Wright's style was the most recent at the time.
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Celeste, Roger Keller, João Luiz Bastos e Eduardo Faerstein. "Trends in the investigation of social determinants of health: selected themes and methods". Cadernos de Saúde Pública 27, n. 1 (gennaio 2011): 183–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x2011000100019.
Abstract (sommario):
We analyze bibliometric trends of topics relevant to the epidemiologic research of social determinants of health. A search of the PubMed database, covering the period 1985-2007, was performed for the topics: socioeconomic factors, sex, race/ethnicity, discrimination/prejudice, social capital/support, lifecourse, income inequality, stress, behavioral research, contextual effects, residential segregation, multilevel modeling, regression based indices to measure inequalities, and structural equation modeling/causal diagrams/path analysis. The absolute, but not the relative, frequency of publications increased for all themes. Total publications in PubMed increased 2.3 times, while the subsets of epidemiology/public health and social epidemiologic themes/methods increased by factors of 5.3 and 5.2, respectively. Only multilevel and contextual analyses had a growth over and above that observed for epidemiology/public health. We conclude that there is clearly room for wider use of established techniques, and for new methods to emerge when they satisfy theoretical needs.
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Pace, Terry M., Rockey R. Robbins, Sandra K. Choney, Jill S. Hill, Kathleene Lacey e George Blair. "A cultural-contextual perspective on the validity of the MMPI-2 with American Indians." Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology 12, n. 2 (2006): 320–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1099-9809.12.2.320.
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Payne, Brennan R., e Kara D. Federmeier. "Pace Yourself: Intraindividual Variability in Context Use Revealed by Self-paced Event-related Brain Potentials". Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 29, n. 5 (maggio 2017): 837–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn_a_01090.
Abstract (sommario):
Event-related brain potentials (ERPs) have revealed multiple mechanisms by which contextual constraints impact language processing. At the same time, little work has examined the trial-to-trial dynamics of context use in the brain. In the current study, we probed intraindividual variability in behavioral and neural indices of context processing during reading. In a concurrent self-paced reading and ERP paradigm, participants read sentences that were either strongly or weakly constraining completed with an expected or unexpected target word. Our findings revealed substantial within-subject variability in behavioral and neural responses to contextual constraints. First, context-based amplitude reductions of the N400, a component linked to semantic memory access, were largest among trials eliciting the slowest RTs. Second, the RT distribution of unexpected words in strongly constraining contexts was positively skewed, reflecting an increased proportion of very slow RTs to trials that violated semantic predictions. Among those prediction-violating trials eliciting faster RTs, a late sustained anterior positivity was observed. However, among trials producing the differentially slowed RTs to prediction violations, we observed a markedly earlier effect of constraint in the form of an anterior N2, a component linked to conflict resolution and the cognitive control of behavior. The current study provides the first neurophysiological evidence for the direct role of cognitive control functions in the volitional control of reading. Collectively, our findings suggest that context use varies substantially within individual participants and that coregistering behavioral and neural indices of online sentence processing offers a window into these single-item dynamics.
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El Hawary, Engy Mohsen, e Iman Mamdouh Arafa. "Studying the Effect of Stakeholders on the Disclosure of Corporate Social Responsibility by Banks: Evidence from Egypt". Accounting and Finance Research 7, n. 4 (23 novembre 2018): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.5430/afr.v7n4p200.
Abstract (sommario):
Stakeholders have become more attentive to community and social information worldwide. However, their influence on the CSR disclosure is highly contextual and contingent upon several institutional factors. Therefore, this study pursues to identify the stakeholders’ group which has the most powerful effect on the CSR disclosure. The researchers examined the CSR disclosure provided by 38 banks operating in Egypt for the year 2015. Two main indices have been developed; one measures the extent of the CSR disclosure and denoted as as the CSR quantitative index. The other measures the qualitative aspects and denoted as the CSR qualitative index. In addition, five sub-indices have been developed to measure the CSR disclosure as recommened by the GRI. The relationship between these two main indices and the sub-indices and the seven groups of stakeholders have been examined using the OLS regression models. The non-parametric tests are also used to enhance the robustness of our findings and to identify the differences between the stakeholders for each index. Concerning the stakeholder effect, the Egyptian Stock exchange, audit committee and big audit firms are found to have the most powerful impact in our case. On contrary, independent directors, bank’s clients and bank specialty show insignificant results. Generally, the quality and extent of CSR disclosure by the banking sector still undeveloped, particularly for the national banks. Accordingly, the Egyptian Stock Exchange and the Central bank of Egypt need to issue vigorous guidelines and regulations to raise harmonization in the CSR disclosure and to empower their supervisory role in this respect.
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Farias, Cláudio, Isabel Mesquita e Peter Andrew Hastie. "Student game-play performance in invasion games following three consecutive hybrid Sport Education seasons". European Physical Education Review 25, n. 3 (9 aprile 2018): 691–712. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356336x18769220.
Abstract (sommario):
This study was the first to examine game performance according to the tactical structures of invasion games throughout three consecutive model-based units. Twenty-six seventh grade students participated in three Sport Education seasons (basketball, handball, and football) taught through the tactical framework Invasion Games Competence model. Team membership remained the same throughout the three seasons and pre- and post-test game-play of three-a-side games involving the same opponent teams was assessed. Measures included overall game performance and four tactical structures indices: creating scoring opportunities (CSO); setting up an attack (SUA); prevent CSO; and prevent SUA. A 3 (group) × 2 (time) repeated measures analysis of variance tested differences between sports in the five performance measures. Correlations between the four tactical structures and game performance were tested and a hierarchical multiple regression analysis was used to examine the predictive weight of the four tactical structures indices on game performance. While there were significant improvements in game performance of handball and football, but not in basketball, the breaking down of performance into tactical structures indices showed improvements in all seasons. The correlations increased across time between tactical structures indices and game performance and the predictive model of game performance extended to include the four tactical structures. Performance improvements were associated with contextual features of extended team membership and consequent attunement of game-play interpersonal dynamics, nature of peer-teaching mediation, and game forms design. Future research should examine the effects on game performance development of student augmented participation in problem-solving processes and asymmetric opposition game forms.
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Oladejo, Adekunle Ibrahim, Peter Akinsola Okebukola, Victor Olu Akinola, Jamiu Oluwadamilare Amusa, Hakeem Akintoye, Tunde Owolabi, Juma Shabani e Taibat Tejumola Olateju. "Changing the Narratives of Physics-Learning in Secondary Schools: The Role of Culture, Technology, and Locational Context". Education Sciences 13, n. 2 (30 gennaio 2023): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci13020146.
Abstract (sommario):
This study is concerned with the persistent underperformance of secondary school students in Nigeria in physics. The study was conducted in two phases. Phase one was a survey of difficult concepts in physics, while phase two explored the potency of culturo-techno-contextual approach (CTCA) in breaking the barriers to meaningful learning of refractive indices, which ranked the most difficult concept in phase one of the study. A total of 1621 SS3 students from Nigeria and Ghana participated in the survey phase. The second phase employed a mixed-methods approach (quasi-experimental and interviews) with a total of 205 SS1 students. The control group was taught with the lecture method and had 96 students (54 males; 42 females), while the experimental group, taught with CTCA, had 109 students (65 females; 44 males). Both groups had a pretest and posttest using the achievement test in refractive indices; treatment lasted four weeks. Data gathered in the survey were analyzed using mean rank analysis, and refractive indices was perceived as the most difficult to learn. Phase two data were analyzed using one-way ANCOVA since intact classes were used. The result obtained showed that the experimental group performed better (mean for experimental = 15.49; control 11.97; F (1, 202) = 64.48; p < 0.01)) than the control group. Implications of the study are highlighted and the need for further studies is recommended.
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García-Torrecillas, Juan Manuel, María Carmen Lea-Pereira, Enrique Alonso-Morillejo, Emilio Moreno-Millán e Jesús de la Fuente-Arias. "Structural Model of Biomedical and Contextual Factors Predicting In-Hospital Mortality due to Heart Failure". Journal of Personalized Medicine 13, n. 6 (13 giugno 2023): 995. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jpm13060995.
Abstract (sommario):
Background: Among the clinical predictors of a heart failure (HF) prognosis, different personal factors have been established in previous research, mainly age, gender, anemia, renal insufficiency and diabetes, as well as mediators (pulmonary embolism, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), arrhythmias and dyslipidemia). We do not know the role played by contextual and individual factors in the prediction of in-hospital mortality. Methods: The present study has added hospital and management factors (year, type of hospital, length of stay, number of diagnoses and procedures, and readmissions) in predicting exitus to establish a structural predictive model. The project was approved by the Ethics Committee of the province of Almeria. Results: A total of 529,606 subjects participated, through databases of the Spanish National Health System. A predictive model was constructed using correlation analysis (SPSS 24.0) and structural equation models (SEM) analysis (AMOS 20.0) that met the appropriate statistical values (chi-square, usually fit indices and the root-mean-square error approximation) which met the criteria of statistical significance. Individual factors, such as age, gender and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, were found to positively predict mortality risk. Isolated contextual factors (hospitals with a greater number of beds, especially, and also the number of procedures performed, which negatively predicted the risk of death. Conclusions: It was, therefore, possible to introduce contextual variables to explain the behavior of mortality in patients with HF. The size or level of large hospital complexes, as well as procedural effort, are key contextual variables in estimating the risk of mortality in HF.
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Kasper, R. W., S. T. Grafton, M. P. Eckstein e B. Giesbrecht. "Multimodal neuroimaging evidence for the contribution of the medial temporal lobe to modulations of electrophysiological indices of attention during contextual cueing". Journal of Vision 13, n. 9 (25 luglio 2013): 303. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/13.9.303.
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Berry, Daniel, Alyssa R. Palmer, Rebecca Distefano e Ann S. Masten. "Autonomic complexity and emotion (dys-)regulation in early childhood across high- and low-risk contexts". Development and Psychopathology 31, n. 3 (10 luglio 2019): 1173–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579419000683.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractDeveloping the ability to regulate one's emotions in accordance with contextual demands (i.e., emotion regulation) is a central developmental task of early childhood. These processes are supported by the engagement of the autonomic nervous system (ANS), a physiological hub of a vast network tasked with dynamically integrating real-time experiential inputs with internal motivational and goal states. To date, much of what is known about the ANS and emotion regulation has been based on measures of respiratory sinus arrhythmia, a cardiac indicator of parasympathetic activity. In the present study, we draw from dynamical systems models to introduce two nonlinear indices of cardiac complexity (fractality and sample entropy) as potential indicators of these broader ANS dynamics. Using data from a stratified sample of preschoolers living in high- (i.e., emergency homeless shelter) and low-risk contexts (N = 115), we show that, in conjunction with respiratory sinus arrhythmia, these nonlinear indices may help to clarify important differences in the behavioral manifestations of emotion regulation. In particular, our results suggest that cardiac complexity may be especially useful for discerning active, effortful emotion regulation from less effortful regulation and dysregulation.
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Zarea, Hadi, Iman Esmaeelzadeh, Haniyeh Sadat Jafariyeh, Elvira Buitek e Maryam Aliei. "Knowledge Commercialization Framework: factors affecting developing countries". AD-minister, n. 39 (28 novembre 2021): 217–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.17230/ad-minister.39.10.
Abstract (sommario):
Amid economic pressure and inclination for independent financing, universities tend to commercialize knowledge, a growing trend emerging as an entry gate for the privatization of scientific advancements and the development and transfer of technology from universities. Numerous studies have been conducted on the commercialization of knowledge. This article aims to integrate previous studies and develop a comprehensive model out of the factors cited in those studies. Therefore, 57 relevant articles were analyzed to identify the indices of knowledge commercialization within the framework of a systematic review literature guideline. In addition to guideline validate criteria, three university professors were interviewed for conceptual model include the subjects (contextual, individual, organizational, institutional, and environmental), and components.
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Okhuosi, Ronke Eunice. "A Pragmatic Act Analysis of English Postproverbials on Twitter". Matatu 51, n. 2 (21 settembre 2020): 379–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-05102011.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Postproverbiality, the novel perspective to studying proverbs, has focused mainly on the radical revision of African proverbs. However, this phenomenon is not only found in African proverbs, but also in many other languages as already suggested in literature. Therefore, this study investigates postproverbiality in English proverbs as used on social media, particularly Twitter. Twitter is especially known for people’s display of radical ideologies, opinions, and idiosyncrasies; therefore, it serves as a useful source for such radical revision of English proverbs. The analysis was done using Jacob Mey’s (2001) Pragmatic Acts as theoretical framework. The data was purposively gathered using five standard English proverbs to search for postproverbial versions; a total of thirty postproverbials were discovered on Twitter. The analysis revealed ten practs and allopracts which include affirming, insisting, informing, counselling, warning, instructing, and encouraging. These were projected through contextual features of shared situational knowledge, voicing, inference, metaphor, and socio-cultural knowledge. The interaction among the textual and contextual features and the allopracts shows that cultures and occurrences in public affairs affect such cultural indices as proverbs and language use and this interaction increases through the internet and social networks which link the world into a global community.
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Feng, Ziyang, e Xuedong Tian. "A Scientific Document Retrieval and Reordering Method by Incorporating HFS and LSD". Applied Sciences 13, n. 20 (12 ottobre 2023): 11207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app132011207.
Abstract (sommario):
Achieving scientific document retrieval by considering the wealth of mathematical expressions and the semantic text they contain has become an inescapable trend. Current scientific document matching models focus solely on the textual features of expressions and frequently encounter hurdles like proliferative parameters and sluggish reasoning speeds in the pursuit of improved performance. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a scientific document retrieval method founded upon hesitant fuzzy sets (HFS) and local semantic distillation (LSD). Concretely, in order to extract both spatial and semantic features for each symbol within a mathematical expression, this paper introduces an expression analysis module that leverages HFS to establish feature indices. Secondly, to enhance contextual semantic alignment, the method of knowledge distillation is employed to refine the pretrained language model and establish a twin network for semantic matching. Lastly, by amalgamating mathematical expressions with contextual semantic features, the retrieval results can be made more efficient and rational. Experiments were implemented on the NTCIR dataset and the expanded Chinese dataset. The average MAP for mathematical expression retrieval results was 83.0%, and the average nDCG for sorting scientific documents was 85.8%.
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ACS, ZOLTAN J. "THE GLOBAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP AND DEVELOPMENT INDEX: A US PERSPECTIVE". Journal of International Commerce, Economics and Policy 02, n. 01 (giugno 2011): 43–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s179399331100021x.
Abstract (sommario):
This paper looks at the performance of the United States (US) on the Global Entrepreneurship and Development Index (GEDI), capturing the contextual features of entrepreneurship. The US ranks third on the GEDI. It performs well on the aspirations sub-index but lags on the attitudes and activity sub-indices. Its performance is strong in areas of startu skills, competition, and new technology but weak in cultural support, tech sector, and high-growth business. Performance is stronger on institutional variables than on individual variables. Apparent weakness in the tech sector, lack of cultural support for entrepreneurship and lack of high-growth business can be due to the changing political environment and international volatility, 1990s tech sector bubble burst, the recent recession, and the improving performance of other counties.
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Keshavarz, Hamid, e Mohammadreza Esmaeili Givi. "A scale for credibility evaluation of scientific websites: findings from a cross-contextual approach". Online Information Review 44, n. 7 (21 ottobre 2020): 1369–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/oir-04-2020-0127.
Abstract (sommario):
PurposeDue to the extreme importance of evaluating the credibility of information available on a huge number of scientific websites, the present research aimed to develop a measurement scale based on a validated questionnaire incorporating the novel conceptualization of the concept credibility by Hovland and Weiss (1951).Design/methodology/approachRegarding the descriptive and survey nature of the research, the data were collected based on a stratified random sampling among the 672 students in two different contexts at five top nonmedical universities and, with a one-year interval, at three top medical universities in Iran. High reliability and construct validity were reported by testing the convergent and discriminant validity of the main instrument.FindingsConfirmatory factor analysis (CFA) resulted in a scale named SWCRED including eight components and 28 items. Considering path coefficients (?) and t-statistics (t-value), a significant relationship was reported between all components and the main variable of credibility in the final scale at a 99% confidence level (t = 2.57).Practical implicationsResults suggest that the information credibility of scientific websites, especially in the university contexts, can be measured by asking participants to rate how well eight components represent content including ethics, writing style, website appearance, website identity, professional information, accuracy, usability and interaction. The scale has a goodness of fit from the different indices and is of high validity for use in different educational and research settings.Originality/valueThe framework underlying the research has the required quality integrating a set of most important criteria for exploring the credibility evaluation of scientific web information by the students, which is useful for future-related studies.
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Rensburg, Dillon van, Georgina Perez, Alex Adams, Teresa Warne, Thomas Quigley, Lorenzo Garza, Virgil Dupuis, Paul K. Drain e Linda K. Ko. "221 Factors Influencing COVID-19 Testing among American Indians and Latinos in Two Rural Agricultural Communities: A Qualitative Study". Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 7, s1 (aprile 2023): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2023.292.
Abstract (sommario):
OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Despite efforts to improve COVID-19 health outcomes through testing and vaccination, SARS-CoV-2 has exacerbated health disparities in underserved populations. Through this study we examined socio-contextual factors impacting decisions to test for COVID-19 among Native Americans in the Flathead Reservation and Hispanics in the Yakima Valley. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: A series of 28 key informant interviews and 6 focus groups (N=39 focus group participants) were completed with community and tribal leaders using an interview guide informed by the Theory of Planned Behavior, Social Cognitive Theory, and the Social Contextual Factor Frameworks. The interview guide was designed to examine the socio-contextual factors impacting decisions to test for COVID-19 among Native Americans and Hispanics in the Northwest. A codebook was developed to apply deductive coding to informant responses, followed by an inductive, constant comparison approach. Three analysts met to refine the codebook and conduct inter-rater agreement. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: Five themes (social, cultural, health, religious and political factors) were identified that impacted testing for COVID-19. For social factors, participants discussed the influence of families and friends and unfair employment practices influencing decisions to test. Cultural factors included deep rooted distrust for the government and historical trauma. Health factors participants reported included the importance of testing to save lives, distrust for medical system, and health communications around COVID-19 affecting decisions to test. There was some interaction between religious and political factors. While participants mentioned beliefs in putting things in God’s hands, some decisions to test seemed to be affected by their political views. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE: Several socio-cultural factors influence decisions to test for COVID-19. Understanding the community’s perception of COVID-19 testing is critical for successful implementation of preventive strategies.
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Petruniak, Leon, Maher El-Masri e Susan Fox-Wasylyshyn. "Exploring the Predictors of Emergency Department Triage Acuity Assignment in Patients With Sepsis". Canadian Journal of Nursing Research 50, n. 2 (13 aprile 2018): 81–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0844562118766178.
Abstract (sommario):
Background and purpose Evidence suggests that septic patients, who require prompt medical attention, may be undertriaged, resulting in delayed treatment. The purpose of this study was to examine patient and contextual variables that contribute to high- versus low-acuity triage classification of patients with sepsis. Methods Data were abstracted from the medical records of 154 adult patients with sepsis admitted to hospital through a Canadian Emergency Department. Logistic regression was used to explore the predictors of triage classification. Results Language barriers or chronic cognitive impairment (odds ratio 5.7; 95% confidence interval 2.15, 15.01), acute confusion (odds ratio 3.4; confidence interval 1.3, 8.2), unwell appearance (odds ratio 3.4; 95% confidence interval 1.7, 7.0), and hypotension (odds ratio 0.98; confidence interval 0.96, 1.0) were predictive of higher acuity classification. Temperature, heart rate, respiratory rate, and contextual factors were not related to triage classification. Conclusions Several patient-related factors were related to triage classification. However, the finding that temperature and heart and respiratory rates were not related to triage classification was troubling. Our findings point to a need for enhanced education for triage nurses regarding the physiological indices of sepsis. The sensitivity of the Canadian Triage Assessment Scale, used in Canadian Emergency Rooms, also needs to be examined.
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ELENES PLATONA, Iulia. "THE ECONOMIC FREEDOM, COUNTRY RISK AND FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENTS". Annals of the University of Oradea. Economic Sciences 31, me 31 (dicembre 2022): 206–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47535/1991auoes31(2)020.
Abstract (sommario):
The interlinkages between country risk and foreign direct investments are the subject of research interest. The article tests the intuitive hypothesis that economic freedom is associated with low country risk and is an incentive for foreign direct investments. The research paper employs empirical quantitative within-between models to analyze the relationship between foreign direct investments and five indices: trade openness, freedom from corruption, trade freedom, investment freedom, and economic freedom. The database used is The Global Economy for 44 European Countries resulting a panel data employed for between within models, growth curve models, contextual models, generalized estimating equations models (GEE), and asymmetric effects models. Interesting is the different significance of the five indicators in different models. For the first three models within -between model, the growth curve model and the contextual model- statistical significance have trade openness, freedom from corruption, and investment freedom. For the Generalized equations model (GEE) the only indicator that has statistical significance is Investment freedom. For the asymmetric effects model that shows the effect of asymmetric increase and decrease of each indicator, there is no statistical significance for the analyzed indicators. The within – between models combine the robustness of the fix effects models with the flexibility of the random-effects models.
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Narayanaswamy, R., K. Raghunandan e Dasaratha V. Rama. "Corporate Governance in the Indian Context". Accounting Horizons 26, n. 3 (1 settembre 2012): 583–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/acch-50179.
Abstract (sommario):
SYNOPSIS We provide a brief overview of corporate governance in India, including a description of Indian contextual differences (as compared to the U.S. and elsewhere) and a discussion of the major events contributing to the evolution of India's corporate governance/accounting/auditing practices since economic deregulation in 1991. We also offer an agenda for future research on important Indian governance/accounting/auditing issues, and briefly address accounting practice implications.
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Bhattacharyya, Rupam, Anik Burman, Kalpana Singh, Sayantan Banerjee, Subha Maity, Arnab Auddy, Sarit Kumar Rout, Supriya Lahoti, Rajmohan Panda e Veerabhadran Baladandayuthapani. "Role of multiresolution vulnerability indices in COVID-19 spread in India: a Bayesian model-based analysis". BMJ Open 12, n. 11 (novembre 2022): e056292. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-056292.
Abstract (sommario):
ObjectivesCOVID-19 has differentially affected countries, with health infrastructure and other related vulnerability indicators playing a role in determining the extent of its spread. Vulnerability of a geographical region to COVID-19 has been a topic of interest, particularly in low-income and middle-income countries like India to assess its multifactorial impact on incidence, prevalence or mortality. This study aims to construct a statistical analysis pipeline to compute such vulnerability indices and investigate their association with metrics of the pandemic growth.DesignUsing publicly reported observational socioeconomic, demographic, health-based and epidemiological data from Indian national surveys, we compute contextual COVID-19 Vulnerability Indices (cVIs) across multiple thematic resolutions for different geographical and spatial administrative regions. These cVIs are then used in Bayesian regression models to assess their impact on indicators of the spread of COVID-19.SettingThis study uses district-level indicators and case counts data for the state of Odisha, India.Primary outcome measureWe use instantaneous R (temporal average of estimated time-varying reproduction number for COVID-19) as the primary outcome variable in our models.ResultsOur observational study, focussing on 30 districts of Odisha, identified housing and hygiene conditions, COVID-19 preparedness and epidemiological factors as important indicators associated with COVID-19 vulnerability.ConclusionHaving succeeded in containing COVID-19 to a reasonable level during the first wave, the second wave of COVID-19 made greater inroads into the hinterlands and peripheral districts of Odisha, burdening the already deficient public health system in these areas, as identified by the cVIs. Improved understanding of the factors driving COVID-19 vulnerability will help policy makers prioritise resources and regions, leading to more effective mitigation strategies for the present and future.