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Nowrojee, Pheroze. "The Indian Freedom Struggle and the Kenyan Diaspora". Matatu 52, n. 1 (22 novembre 2021): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18757421-05201008.
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Abstract The connections between the Indian Freedom movement and the Kenyan Indian diaspora after the First World War led to the involvement of the Indian National Congress and Gandhi in the struggle of the Kenyan Indians for equality and equal treatment with the British white settlers in Kenya. The Congress considered that the success of the equality struggle in Kenya would also lead to equal treatment of Indians in India itself. This was consistent with the prevailing political goal of the freedom movement in India in 1919, which was self-rule through Dominion Status under the British Crown. But when the struggle of the Kenya Indians failed and equality was denied to them by the famous Devonshire Declaration in 1923, there the Indian freedom movement realized that this signalled unequal status and a denial of self-rule to India itself. Historic consequences followed. This was the turning point and over the years immediately after the Kenyan decision (1923–1929), the Indian National Congress changed its political aim from Dominion Status to Full Independence as a Republic, realized over the 17 years to 1947.
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Sumanta Bhattacharya, Vinay Sahasrabuddhe, Arindam Mukherjee e Bhavneet Kaur Sachdev. "An analytic interpretation on the importance of India's soft power in international cultural diplomacy over the centuries". World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 12, n. 3 (30 dicembre 2021): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2021.12.3.0995.
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India’s Soft Power which is part of Smart Diplomacy or cultural diplomacy in India. India’s soft power diplomacy can be traced back to the time when Swami Vivekananda visited Chicago Parliament of Religion and spoke about Hinduism and India, which attracted many Indians and Foreigners who visited India and learnt about the Indian culture and the Sanskrit, his book on Raja Yoga influenced Western countries to practice Yoga who came to India and visited asharams, India’s main soft powers include spiritualism, yoga, Ayurveda, the world is shifting towards organic method of treatment which has its trace in India. There is culture exchange of arts, music, dance. Indian Diaspora and Young youth are the weapons for the spread of Indian culture across the globe, People are interested in Indian culture and epics of Ramayana and Mahabharat and studying on Kautliya. India literature and craft have received international recognition, countries abroad have included Sanskrit as part of their educational curriculum. India has also emerged has an export of herbs medicine to many foreign countries like Middle East, Europe, Africa etc. and this soft power of India will help in creating a massive influence across the world but before that Indian should have ample knowledge about their own history and culture and languages.
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Husted. "Multi-Dimensional Adolescent Treatment with American Indians". American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research 6, n. 3 (1995): 23–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5820/aian.0603.1995.23.
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Powers, Diane, e Vicki Bodley Tapia. "American Indian Breastfeeding Folklore from the Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapaho Tribes". Clinical Lactation 2, n. 4 (dicembre 2011): 30–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/215805311807011476.
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Over the years, much of the folklore of breastfeeding has been lost because women did not write history, they told stories. This article shares breastfeeding lore from stories told to the authors by American Indian women from the Eastern Shoshone and Northern Arapaho tribes on the Wind River Reservation near Lander, Wyoming. These women related stories describing treatment for milk fever (mastitis), the white man’s influence on mother/baby separation and its outcome, elderly women inducing lactation, breastfeeding and birth control, and how women dressed for ease of breastfeeding in former times. It is with appreciation for other cultures that we add this information from American Indians to the archives of breastfeeding history.
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Gurnee. "Substance Abuse Among American Indians in an Urban Treatment Program". American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research 3, n. 3 (1990): 17–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5820/aian.0303.1990.17.
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Al Rifai, Mahmoud, Sina Kianoush, Vardhmaan Jain, Abdul Mannan Khan Minhas, Aliza Hussain, Chayakrit Krittanawong, Jaideep Patel et al. "Healthcare Access Among Individuals of Asian Descent in the U.S." Kansas Journal of Medicine 15, n. 3 (21 settembre 2022): 352–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/kjm.vol15.17942.
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Introduction. Some groups of Asian Americans, especially Asian Indians, experience higher rates of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) compared with other groups in the U.S. Barriers in accessing medical care partly may explain this higher risk as a result of delayed screening for cardiovascular risk factors and timely initiation of preventive treatment. Methods. Cross-sectional data were utilized from the 2006 to 2015 National Health Interview Survey (NHIS). Barriers to accessing medical care included no place to seek medical care when needed, no healthcare coverage, no care due to cost, delayed care due to cost, inability to afford medication, or not seeing a doctor in the past 12 months. Results. The study sample consisted of 18,150 Asian individuals, of whom 20.5% were Asian Indian, 20.5% were Chinese, 23.4% were Filipino, and 35.6% were classified as “Other Asians”. The mean (standard error) age was 43.8 (0.21) years and 53% were women. Among participants with history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, or ASCVD (prevalence = 25%), Asian Indians were more likely to report delayed care due to cost (2.58 (1.14,5.85)), while Other Asians were more likely to report no care due to cost (2.43 (1.09,5.44)) or delayed care due to cost (2.35 (1.14,4.86)), compared with Chinese. Results among Filipinos were not statistically significant. Conclusions. Among Asians living in the U.S. with cardiovascular risk factors or ASCVD, Asian Indians and Other Asians are more likely to report delayed care or no care due to cost compared with Chinese.
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Penna, L. R. "Written and customary provisions relating to the conduct of hostilities and treatment of victims of armed conflicts in ancient India". International Review of the Red Cross 29, n. 271 (agosto 1989): 333–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0020860400074519.
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Two thousand years before Grotius, Rachel, or Ayala recalled Europe to humanitarianism, ancient Indians had a body of rules for governing the relations between the States of the sub-continent in the event of armed conflicts. According to Professor A. L. Basham:“…in no other part of the ancient world were the relations of man and man, and of man and the state, so fair and humane… No other ancient law-giver proclaimed such noble ideals of fair play in battle as did Manu. In all her history of warfare Hindu India has few tales to tell of cities put to the sword or of the massacre of non-combatants. The ghastly sadism of the Kings of Assyria, who flayed their captives alive, is completely without parallel in ancient India. There was sporadic cruelty and oppression no doubt, but in comparison with conditions in other cultures, it was mild. To us the most striking feature of ancient Indian civilization is its humanity.”
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Marsh, Kate. "‘The only safe haven of refuge in all the world’: Paris, Indian ‘revolutionaries’ and imperial rivalry, c. 1905–40". French Cultural Studies 30, n. 3 (30 luglio 2019): 196–219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0957155819841271.
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Focusing on British Indian subjects who travelled to France in the early twentieth century and who resided in Paris, this article argues that these migrants occupied a position that was simultaneously privileged and invidious. It urges that closer attention be paid to the group for two reasons. First, British Indians in Paris were able to negotiate contentious and potentially hazardous political situations according to context and audience, sometimes mobilising their status as British subjects as a means of achieving limited preferential treatment from the French state, at other times making use of a certain conception of Frenchness to garner support among socialist and anti-imperial movements. Second, the policing of the group reveals collaboration and competition between imperial nation-states and between different anti-colonial movements, analysis of which can nuance the growing body of historical research on the policing of foreigners and colonial subjects in Europe.
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Lloyd, Lorna. "‘A Family Quarrel’. The Development of the Dispute over Indians in South Africa". Historical Journal 34, n. 3 (settembre 1991): 703–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0018246x00017568.
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From the perspective of the 1990s, scarcely an eyebrow would be raised by the news that in 1946 India complained internationally about South Africa's treatment of persons of Indian origin. It would be regarded as fully in keeping with the ethos – both domestic and international – of the age. Moreover, it would be seen as entirely appropriate that the complaint should have been lodged with the United Nations. For that body has not only become South Africa's scourge but has also played the leading role in the now-orthodox campaign against racism. Furthermore, if it were pointed out that this was, in fact, the very first occasion when anti-racist sentiments were given a significant international airing, the response might well be that the UN was set up to deal with just this kind of issue.
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Herman-Stahl. "Substance Abuse Prevalence and Treatment Utilization Among American Indians Residing On-Reservation". American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research 10, n. 3 (2002): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5820/aian.1003.2002.1.
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HENSHAW, PETER J. "Britain and South Africa at the United Nations: ‘South West Africa’, ‘Treatment of Indians’ and ‘Race Conflict’, 1946–1961". South African Historical Journal 31, n. 1 (novembre 1994): 80–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02582479408671798.
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Belidhe, Vyshnavi, Suha Maryam, Srivani Siddala, Divya Chinthamalla, Chandrakanth Garela, Jithan Aukunuru Venkata e Vidya Sagar Jenugu. "AI models predicting Risk of Cardio Vascular Diseases - The Limitations, Challenges and Necessity for Regulatory Framework". International Journal of Drug Regulatory Affairs 10, n. 2 (19 giugno 2022): 73–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/ijdra.v10i2.529.
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Artificial intelligence (AI) algorithms have changed the landscape of Cardio Vascular Disease (CVD) risk assessment and demonstrated a better performance mainly due to its ability to handle the input nonlinear variations. Further, it has the flexibility to add risk factors derived from medical imaging modalities using Computer Vision (CV). Most commonly used algorithms in CVD risk predications were classification and regression tress (CART).
Though most of the developed models have shown good accuracy but have not considered risks factors or dependent variables related to specific population which plays an integral role in predicting the risk of CVDs. This Include gender specific clinical risk factors (hormonal changes, bone density etc.), metrological, chronological data, exposure to environmental pollutants, race, genotype, hereditary, dietary intake, physical inactivity, psychological stress etc. Secondly the existing models have not included the weighing and grading of the risks, as all factors won’t contribute equally to the Cardiac Risk. Importantly predictive models can be readily used within the populations in which they were developed but practically they often give a less than satisfactory performance, when applied to another population because of the Inter genetic variations especially in CVDs.
India accounts for one-fifth of these deaths worldwide especially in younger population. The results of Global Burden of Disease study state age-standardized CVD death rate of 272 per 100000 populations in India, which is much higher than that of global average of 225. CVDs strike Indians a decade earlier than the western population. For Indians, particular causes of concern in CVD are early age of onset, rapid progression and high mortality rate. Indians are known to have the highest coronary artery disease (CAD) rates, and the conventional risk factors fail to explain this increased risk.
In Indian context, aggressive screening tests should begin at an early age and will be beneficial for early detection and treatment to reduce the mortality. Hence there is necessity to develop upgraded AI models specific to a subset of population (Indian, Caucasoid, Dravidian etc.) inclusive of the risk factors in that specific population. Secondly allotting weighing, grading of risk factors in the model will provide accurate cardiac risk prediction compared to other approaches.
The regulatory and policy landscape for AI is an emerging issue in jurisdictions globally, including in the European Union and in supra-national bodies like the IEEE, OECD and others. Since 2016, a wave of AI ethics guidelines has been published in order to maintain social control over the technology.
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McFarland. "Residential Substance Abuse Treatment for Urban American Indians and Alaska Natives, Part II: Costs". American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research 24, n. 1 (2017): 107–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5820/aian.2401.2017.107.
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Vaishnav, Vijay, Tarana Ameta, Purushottam Das Sharma e Dinesh Kumar Sharma. "A Case Studyof Chronic Kidney Disease". International Research Journal of Ayurveda & Yoga 05, n. 05 (2022): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.47223/irjay.2022.5506.
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Chronic Renal/Kidney Failure is another name for chronic kidney disease. Kidney illness is becoming more common in India as a result of changing lifestyles, dietary habits, hypertension, and uncontrolled diabetes. It is a silent assassin. Hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis are the most common treatments for chronic kidney failure, followed by kidney transplantation. Kidney failure treatment is highly costly and out of reach for most Indians. Ayurveda has played an essential role in the early stages of renal failure in the hunt for this effective and safe treatment. A 35-year-old male patient with pitting edoema on his legs, eyes, and face, as well as dyspnea, frothy urine, anorexia, and constipation, is the subject of this case study. Chronic Kidney Disease has been diagnosed. Hemodialysis was recommended, but the patient refused, instead he had Ayurvedic treatment with Punarnava Mandur, Vrukkadoshantak Vati,ArkPunarnavaArk Makoe. Symptoms and investigation have improved. The purpose of this case study is to investigate Chronic Kidney Disease from an Ayurvedic perspective, as well as to examine the results of Ayurvedic therapy in Chronic Kidney Disease as a symptom and modern parameter investigation.
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Abdelmonem, M., N. Ngo, W. Cai, M. Yunce, K. Papakonstantino, C. Jurado, M. S. Virk et al. "Racial Disparity in Antibody Against A rare High Prevalence Antigen; (Anti-Inb)". American Journal of Clinical Pathology 160, Supplement_1 (1 novembre 2023): S108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqad150.237.
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Abstract Introduction/Objective Introduction: Ina antigen is very rare except in Iranian and Arab populations (10.6% and 11.8%, respectively). In 1973, Badkere et al. identified this antigen in about 3% of Indians from Bombay. Inb is a very high-prevalence antigen. It is prevalent in 99.9% of Caucasians and blacks, 96% of Indians and South Asians, and 90% of Iranians and Arabs. The Indian blood group system also has two other very high prevalence antigens: INFI and INJA. Indian blood group resides in CD44 glycoprotein that binds to hyaluronate of extracellular matrix. CD44 is an adhesion molecule in lymphocytes, monocytes, and other tumor cells, but its function in RBC is unknown. Ina and Inb are sensitive to proteolytic enzyme treatments and destroyed by disulfide bond-reducing agents 2-aminoethyl isothiouronium bromide (AET) and dithiothreitol (DTT). Methods/Case Report Case study: An 11-year-old female of South-East Indian descent with a history of intractable epilepsy was admitted for surgical treatment for epilepsy. Her antibody screen was positive, and her plasma reacted with all cells in PEG AHG except for the auto control. Ficin and DTT-treated cells weakened the reactivity. Suspecting a high-frequency antibody, the patient's plasma was tested against a series of cells in the rare donor cell inventory, including O Bombay cell and Inb-cell considering the patient's ethnicity. With Inb-negative cells, the plasma tested negative. All major alloantibodies from this rare donor cell were ruled out except for anti-C, anti-E, anti-K, and anti-S due to the availability of the rare cell. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) NA Conclusion Antigen Inb has a high prevalence in all populations. The rare phenotype In(b–) has been observed in approximately 2 of 700 Indian blood donors. A patient may be advised to undergo an autologous transfusion. Fortunately, the patient's procedures were uncomplicated, so a blood transfusion was unnecessary. Awareness on the part of blood bank staff regarding the variability of the blood group phenotype and the unpredictability of Anti-Inb may aid in improving patient care. To prevent further exposure, it is recommended that patients with rare antibodies carry an Antibody ID card indicating the rare antibody they possess.Inb antigen blood donors are under represented in the general donors pool. It is recommended to develop a systematic recruitment for Inb antigen donors
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Shumaila Fatma. "Treatment of History in Select Contemporary Indian English Novels". Creative Launcher 5, n. 4 (30 ottobre 2020): 60–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.53032/tcl.2020.5.4.11.
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History and fiction share one trait in common and that is recording of events past, incidence, personalities, movements, etc. the difference between history and fiction is that history takes an objective view of the events whereas fiction takes a creative sweep. Both chronicle formation, development and evolution of nations in their own way. History fiction interface therefore becomes a virgin track to till for the Indian English novelist. Shashi Tharoor in The Great Indian Novel (1989), Geeta Mahta in Raj (1988) and Kiran Nagarkar in Cuckold (1997) explore this interface in their unique ways. Tharoor tries to atone himself with his present retrospectively with the help of history. Geeta Mehta tries to coalate east –west encounter along with cultural issues, historical facts and fantasy, realism and socio-political features at the time of independence. Kiran Nagarkar tries to achieve a transformation in the history or the lack of it.
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McFarland. "Residential Substance Abuse Treatment for Urban American Indians and Alaska Natives, Part I: Services and Staff". American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research 24, n. 1 (2017): 61–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.5820/aian.2401.2017.61.
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CHAKRABORTY, Swarnendu. "History of Animal Keeping in Ancient India and it’s Socio-Economic, Scientific Applicability in 21st Century". British Journal of Philosophy, Sociology and History 3, n. 1 (29 aprile 2023): 06–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/pjpsh.2023.3.1.2.
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The human race is a member of the Mammalian class and the Primate Order. So, a human is also an animal. But what differs from other animal species is human wisdom. It is only humans who can domesticate other animals and use them to fulfill different needs. In hunting/gathering hominid societies, animals were rich sources of meat, skin, and bone. But the artistic and curious human mind kept records of his relationship with the animal world through rock paintings from the Upper Paleolithic era. From different centres of human habitats throughout the Indian Sub-Continent, a huge amount of animal remains have been discovered by Archeologists. Apart from kitchen waste which highlights the on-veg food habit of nomadic people, terracotta animal figurines, day-to-day bone tools, ivory and shell ornaments, artifacts etc., pointed out the importance and use of domesticated animals in human life. Animal domestication and husbandry became synonymous with Indian Proto-Historic and Historic civilizations not only economically / militarily but also with religious and cultural traditions. Sheep and goats were first domesticated by South Indian Neolithic men around 2 thousand and five hundred B.C. as sources of milk, wool, meat, leather and other commodities. Today’s Indian domestic fowl originated from red jungle fowl. Seals of Indus civilization were decorated with humped and hump-less bulls, goats, sheep, elephants, and fowl. Vedic Aryans husbanded horses, dogs, sheep, goats, fowl, elephants, cow-bull etc. During the Mauryan era, buffalo was included in the category of dairy cattle. Domestication of animals is not a new thing in human history. The novelty lies in Indian people’s attention and urge for the wellbeing of domesticated animals. Ancient Indian literature like Vedas, CharakSamhita, SushrutSamhita, HaritaSamhita, Agni Purana, Mastya Purana, Artha-Shastra etc. Provide proper guidance on orientation, construction, and purification of animal houses, besides veterinary Ayurvedic and surgical treatment of numerous diseases. In Vedic literature, Cow was considered as the measuring unit of wealth. Cow received the status of “Aghnya” [Not to be killed]. Priests were the first veterinarians of ancient India. Prominent among them were Shalihotra [Earliest expert in Horse medicine and author of “Haya Ayurveda”], Palakapya [Author of “Hasty- Ayurveda”] etc. 6th Century B.C. Indian rulers of Sravasti, Kousambi, and Lichabi kingdoms issued humped bull/cow inscribed coins. During the Indian invasion of Alexander the Great [326 B.C.], a Prince from Punjab presented Cock with engraved silver coins as a form of tribute. Arthashastra mentioned the King’s duty of ensuring enough pasture land near every village. Gopa was accountable for keeping a record of this land. Horses and Elephants were the two main war animals of the Mauryan army. Proper care was given to them. Hurting/killing of any of these species resulted in the death penalty. The third Mauryan Monarch, Asoka, after his conversion to Buddhism, established veterinary hospitals throughout his domain. Ancient Indians were aware of the technique of animal husbandry as well. In short ancient Indian Veterinary Ayurvedic and surgical treatments are effective in curing dysentery, cough, wound, infertility, and different infections besides psychological stress still in the Twenty-First Century. Besides terrestrial animals’ ancient Indian people were aware of the existence of fish, shells, and turtles. It is my aim in this essay to analyze customs, technologies and history of the domestication of animals by ancient Indian people and its socio-economic-scientific applicability in the scenario of the Twenty-First Century. I will utilize both primary and secondary sources to endure this goal.
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Sabhnani, Geeta, e Akula Nyna Sindhu. "Peptic ulcer perforation in young Indians the causation and the trend". International Surgery Journal 5, n. 1 (26 dicembre 2017): 200. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20175895.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Peptic ulcer perforation is the commonest surgical emergencies in India. Recent emergency surgical procedures show an increasing trend in peptic ulcer perforation surgery in young adults. This study is carried out with an aim to understand the trend, causation and complications of peptic ulcer perforation in young Indians.Methods: A prospective observational study of young adult Indian patients operated for emergency peptic ulcer perforation for a 3 years period from January 2014 to January 2017 was carried out. The incidence, causative factors and the complications were analyzed.Results: In study of 150 patients, maximum incidence of 42.85% was seen in age group of 21 to 30 years that is young adults. 80% of them were males. 59% patients had blood group O. Association with smoking and alcoholism was seen in about 64% and 66.6% respectively. In about 13.33% there was an association seen with history of NSAID / steroid ingestion / treatment with proton pump inhibitors or H2antagonists.The duodenal perforation was found in 84.66%. In 90% the perforation was less than 1cm.Wound infection was the commonest complication among all patients. Mortality was seen in 3.33%.Conclusions: Peptic ulcer perforation shows increasing incidence in young adult males. The increased incidence shows association to smoking, alcoholism, irregular food habits, use of NSAIDS/steroids and overall stressed lifestyle.
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Tyson, Thomas N., e Shanta S. K. Davie. "The Livret system: the interface of accounting and indentured labor in British Guiana". Accounting History 14, n. 1-2 (20 gennaio 2009): 145–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1032373208098556.
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Between 1838 and 1920, over 200,000 Indians immigrated to British Guiana (BG) as indentured workers on sugar plantations (estates). During this period, different labor types (freedmen, indentured workers, and free immigrants) coexisted on the same BG estates and were paid the same wages for comparable tasks. In 1873, in response to a commission of enquiry to improve the treatment of workers, the BG legislature introduced the Livret system. Livrets were to be kept by each indentured worker and contain the cumulative wages earned during the indenture period. In theory, Livrets would promote greater productivity, help mitigate pay disputes, and enable hard-working immigrants to end their indenture in less than five years. This article describes the Livret system and speculates on the reasons for its introduction and early abandonment. It contributes to the growing body of literature that critically assesses the interface of accounting and labor during the British colonial period.
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Chavan, Sanjay. "Effect of nutritional counselling for using anthropometric indices among Indians". Bioinformation 18, n. 6 (30 giugno 2022): 583–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.6026/97320630018583.
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Malnutrition in children under 5 years is a major public health problem in developing countries. Malnutrition complex comprises of under-nutrition including multiple conditions like acute, chronic malnutrition, micronutrient deficiencies and nutrition related to obesity. Therefore, it is of interest to report data on the individualized nutritional counselling on nutritional status among mild to moderately malnourished children aged 2 – 5 years at one, three and six month follow up. Their dietary habits will help to determine the aetiology of mild/moderate malnutrition.150 Children attending outpatient department of the Department of Paediatrics of D Y Patil Medical College and admitted with mild/moderate malnutrition were included in the study after taking informed consent from their parents. The children were randomly allocated into 4 groups (group 1 – 4). The groups consisted of children where dedicated nutritional counselling was provided at 1 month, 1 and 3 month follow up and where-in no dedicated counselling was provided. A diet chart was provided with counselling. Group 4 followed up with routine care without any dietary intervention. Detailed dietary, socio economic history, clinical examination with anthropometry was done followed-up at 1, 3, 6 months from date of inclusion. Majority (57.3%) belonged to lower socio-economic class according to Kuppuswamy scale. The mean birth weight was 2.4 kg, age 34.5 months and age of weaning 7.6 months. Data shows that 70% children had mild malnutrition and 30% moderate malnutrition. At 6 month follow up amongst 105 children with mild malnutrition, 82 still had mild malnutrition, 4 normal, 19 had moderate malnutrition. Under-five childhood malnutrition is highly prevalent in poor socioeconomic strata of the society. Nutritional counselling provided by trained healthcare providers in existing settings are effective in improving nutritional status, daily calorie/protein intake, prevention of malnutrition. Prevention/treatment of co-existing illness bears equal importance.
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Panteliadis, Christos. "Historical Sources on Epilepsy Surgery: From Antiquity Through the End 20th Century". Open Neurology Journal 15, n. 1 (10 novembre 2021): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874205x02115010052.
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The history of epilepsy is an associate of humanity, and the reports date back to antiquity. Almost all ancient cultures, including the Babylonians, Egyptians, Greeks, Indians in pre-Buddhist period, Iranians, Chinese, and Byzantine epoch, bear witness to epilepsy. Therefore, the earliest beginnings of surgical treatment and epilepsy surgery can be traced back to antiquity. Trepanation as an attempt to treat the disease has often been found in prehistorical tombs (Neolithicum). In antiquity, fasting, a healthy diet, regulation of excretions, medical gymnastics and a decent lifestyle were used as treatment for epilepsy as a non-surgical solution. In the Middle Ages, the basis for treatment fell into three main categories: Conventional (diet and botanical remedies), magical (phases of the moon, trephining of the skull) and religious beliefs (fasting, prayer, exorcisms, and social marginalization). The first neurosurgical operations on epileptic patients with focal semiology were performed during the early 19th century, and began with Godlee, Sommer, Macewen and later Horsley. From that time on, discoveries on epilepsy surgery progressed at a faster pace that started in a historical journey from ancient times until the end of the 20th century.
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Desel, Tenzin, Naonori Tsuda, Tenzin Tsundue, Rangjung Lingtsang, Sonam Topgyal, Akahito Sako, Hidekatsu Yanai e Tsetan Sadutshang. "775. An Epidemiological Analysis of Patients With Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Among Tibetan Refugees in India". Open Forum Infectious Diseases 5, suppl_1 (novembre 2018): S277—S278. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ofid/ofy210.782.
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Abstract Background Globally, refugee populations face an increased risk for tuberculosis (TB) due to malnutrition, overcrowding, and poor living conditions. Compared with the general Indian population, Tibetan refugees in India display a higher incidence rate of both TB and multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB). The high incidence of MDR-TB in younger population is a serious public health concern. Methods We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of patients with MDR-TB treated from January 2010 to December 2013 in Tibetan Delek Hospital, which is the center of TB control among Tibetan refugees. Patients were classified into either new cases (supposed infection by exposure to MDR-TB) or previously treated MDR-TB cases (suspected acquirement of MDR-TB through anti-TB treatment or by MDR-TB exposure after treatment). We compared patients’ age, sex, birthplace, residence type, occupation, contact history, and treatment outcome. Results Of 749 patients with TB, we enrolled 134 patients with MDR-TB [median age, 26 (interquartile range: 22–35) years; males, 55%]. The Tibetan ethnicity comprised 96% of the study population, whereas Indians (trans-Himalayan) comprised 4%. The birthplace was Tibet for 22% patients, India for 75%, and Nepal for 2%. New MDR-TB cases were 28% and previously treated MDR-TB cases were 72%. Failure was observed in 42% patients and cured and completed in 54% patients, during their previous TB treatment. The median age was significantly lower in new cases than in previously treated MDR-TB cases (24 vs. 28.5 years; P < 0.01). Tibet was the birthplace of 34% new cases and 18% in previously treated cases (P = 0.04). The residence was of the congregated type in 58% of new cases and 30% in previously treated MDR-TB cases (P = 0.01). The occupation was “student” and “unemployed” in 58% and 8% in new cases and 33% and 24% in previously treated cases, respectively (P = 0.03). Contact history with TB type and treatment outcome were not considerably different, although the rates of cured and completed were high in both new (82%) and previously treated (84%) MDR-TB cases. Conclusion This study shows that new MDR-TB correlates with younger age, birth in Tibet, congregated residence, and student occupation. Targeting the above-listed characteristics could be effective in further reducing the MDR-TB transmission among Tibetan refugees in India. Disclosures All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Robbins, Rockey, Bryan Stare e Brittany Riggin. "Through the Diamond Threshold: A Community-based Psycho-Educational Group Training Program for Treatment of Substance Use Disorders Among American Indians". American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research 26, n. 1 (2019): 79–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.5820/aian.2601.2019.79.
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Dedikova, O. V., A. E. Kuchina, I. V. Berezhnaya e I. N. Zakharova. "<i>L. reuteri</i> DSM 17938: from the history of the discovery of the strain to the emergence of evidence-based studies (strain specificity)". Meditsinskiy sovet = Medical Council, n. 12 (12 luglio 2022): 44–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21518/2079-701x-2022-16-12-44-48.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The history of the use of fermented, easily digestible products in the treatment and for prolonging life began long before their basis was called probiotics. Recipes for fermenting milk from various animals, endowing it with healing properties, have a long history. The first descriptions of fermentation of milk for making sour milk drinks and cheese are documented in the sacred writings of Indians and date back to about 2000 B.C. The first attempts to explain the secrets of sour milk began only in the second half of the XIX century and are associated with the works of outstanding scientists of the time - Louis Pasteur, Henri Tissier, I.I. Mechnikov, Stamen Grigorov and others. Today, in the usual sense, probiotics are living microorganisms that benefit the host when administered in adequate quantities. It is quite obvious that belonging of a probiotic strain to different species and types of bacteria determines a different set of immunological and non-immunological effects, as well as a number of specific, unique qualities. Lactobacillus reuteri is one of the most well-studied species with respect to both efficacy and safety. The beneficial health effects of L. reuteri strains (DSM 17938, ATCC PTA 6475, ATCC PTA 52899) have been confirmed in more than 200 clinical trials with the participation of about 18,000 people of all ages. The article most fully describes the effects of L. reuteri DSM 17938, the use of which is not limited to the well-known means of prevention and treatment of infantile colic.
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Friedlander, Peter, Robin Jeffrey e Sanjay Seth. "‘Subliminal Charge’: How Hindi-Language Newspaper Expansion Affects India". Media International Australia 100, n. 1 (agosto 2001): 147–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1329878x0110000114.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The expansion of newspapers in Indian languages over the past 20 years is unique in history. This paper seeks to examine the potential social and political consequences of that growth by focusing on two Hindi-language newspapers and their treatment of a few items of news and comment. Through such close analysis, the essay aims to show how McLuhan's ‘subliminal charge’ — the unconscious but overpowering effect of daily newspaper consumption — might work in practice. The essay illuminates the role of newspapers in shaping language, identity and a ‘public sphere’ in small-town and rural India —processes that have great consequences for India's political future.
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Warren, P. "39. Thomas Hodgkin. 1798-1866. Health advocate for Manitoba". Clinical & Investigative Medicine 30, n. 4 (1 agosto 2007): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.25011/cim.v30i4.2799.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
CanMEDS 2005 includes health advocate. Pertinently Michel Foucault wrote “The first task of the doctor is therefore political…Man will be totally and definitively cured only if first liberated.” No one exemplified this more than Thomas Hodgkin widely known for his eponymous disease. What is less known is his unceasing work, as a Quaker, for aboriginal people around the world. He was secretary of the Aboriginal Protection Society. He had been interested in Canada since meeting John Norton, as a teenager. His involvement in the plight of Canada’s Indians may have cost him a staff position at Guy’s Hospital; the Treasurer, Benjamin Harrison, is quoted as saying “he would have no officer of the hospital who drove about with a North American Indian in his carriage.” Hodgkin played an active role in the history of Manitoba. His friend Dr Richard King undertook expeditions in Western Canada to find Sir John Franklin corresponded with Hodgkin on his anthropological observations on the Aboriginals and the treatment of them by the Hudson’s Bay Company (HBC). Hodgkin campaigned actively about the management of the Manitoba aboriginals by the HBC. The presentation will illustrate this with excerpts from his letters to Sir George Simpson, Governor HBC, from Captain Kennedy who also sought Franklin and the archives of the Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba. He presented evidence to the House of Commons as HBC was ceded to Canada. As editor of the Colonial Intelligencer he wrote much on Manitoba and received a letter from Louis Riel. Hodgkin was passionately committed to ensure that people were free both politically and economically.
Foucault M. The Birth of the Clinic. Archaeology of Medical Perception. trans. A.M. Sheridan Smith. New York: Vintage Books, 1994.
Wilks S, Bettany GT. A Biographical History of Guy’s Hospital. London: Ward, Lock and Co., 1892.
Kass AM, Kass EH. Perfecting the World. The Life and Times of Dr. Thomas Hodgkin 1798-1866. Boston: Harcourt Brace Johanovich Publishers, 1988.
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Grosso, Adriana Ferreira. "Cannabis: from plant condemned by prejudice to one of the greatest therapeutic options of the century". Journal of Human Growth and Development 30, n. 1 (27 marzo 2020): 94–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.7322/jhgd.v30.9977.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cannabis sativa has a fascinating history and has been used by mankind for millennia. Many societies such as Greek, Roman, Chinese, African, Indian and Arabic take advantage of the plant's qualities, which are consumed as food, medicine, fuel, fibers or tobacco. The first reference found related to the therapeutic use of the plant data from 2700 B.C. and is present in the pharmacopoeia of the Chinese Emperor Shen-Nung, where this plant was recommended in the treatment of malaria, rheumatic pain, in irregular and painful menstrual cycles. The book “De Matéria Médica”, written by the doctor Pedânio Dioscórides considered thefounder of pharmacology, exposes Cannabis as one of the natural substances that can relieve inflammatory pain. In Brazil, African slaves brought a cannabis during the colonial period, around 1549. Then, its use spread quickly among black slaves and Indians, who started to cultivate it. Once the plant was popularized among French intellectuals and English doctors in the Indian imperial army, it started to be considered in our country as an excellent medicine for men, until it was suppressed by the police authorities in the 1930s. Only 60 years later important findings were highlighted around Cannabis with the System Endocannabinoid and its receptors, neurotransmitters such as anandamide and 2-AG, revolutionizing the understanding of molecular signaling that modulates pain and analgesia, inflammation, appetite, gastrointestinal motility and sleep cycles, immune cell activity and hormones among others.We are in front of a huge revolution in the therapeutic area, in which phytocabinoids represent one of the great therapeutic options of the century. We need a widespread disclosure that CBD is not marijuana and that its use for recreational purpose has nothing to do with the use of medical cannabis. Scientific research is seriously committed to the use of the substance in various pathologies. The role of information is absolute, being the main tool to clarify a society.
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Biggar, Nigel. "Whatever Happened to the Canaanites? Principles of a Christian Ethic of Mass Immigration". Studies in Christian Ethics 35, n. 1 (6 novembre 2021): 127–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/09539468211046687.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article aims to articulate a set of general principles of a Christian ethic of mass immigration. Toward this end, it considers: biblical and theological grounds for cosmopolitanism (and ‘open borders’); biblical and theological caveats against cosmopolitanism; elements of a Christian ethic of the treatment of near and distant neighbours; what Francisco de Vitoria’s ‘On the American Indians’ has to contribute; what lessons should be learned from the history of European colonialism; and the nature of mass immigration into twenty-first-century Europe and the problems it entails. The article concludes with six principles: relevant empirical data should be mastered before developing a judgement; concerns about mass immigration should not be dismissed out of hand as ‘racist’; care of the alien may take a variety of forms, not only that of granting asylum; illegal economic immigrants should normally be returned home; compassion should look in several directions—not only at the migrant, but also at the working-class competitor for jobs and services, and at members of government burdened with the responsibility of making hard decisions; and the Christian is obliged to exercise, not only compassion, but justice and prudence.
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Sarin, Shiv K., e Manoj Kumar. "HBV prevalence, natural history, and treatment in India and Indian Americans in the United States". Current Hepatitis Reports 8, n. 1 (febbraio 2009): 31–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11901-009-0005-y.
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Kshirsagar, Shrinath, Nimish Kulkarni, Shruti Kharat, Kranti Patil, Savita Rangarajan e Shrimati Shetty. "Understanding Natural History of Common Inherited Platelet Function Disorder (IPFD) Patients: An Indian Study". Blood 142, Supplement 1 (28 novembre 2023): 3966. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-182074.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background : Inherited platelet function disorders (IPFDs) are less well studied in a resource poor country in comparison to hemophilia and other bleeding disorders.With high rates of consanguinous marriages in some of the communities in India, Glanzmanns thrombasthenia (GT) and Bernard soulier syndrome (BSS) are the two platelet function disorders that are commonly diagnosed. There is no data on the nature of bleeding, mode of treatment, mortality as well as quality of life (QoL) in these conditions. Aim : To understand clinical manifestations, treatment, quality-of-life (QoL), mortality and other details in GT and BSS patients. Methods : This is a retrospective, non-interventional, observational single center data collection study.Subjects were eligible to participate, if they had confirmed reports of laboratory diagnosis of GT or BSS by both platelet aggregometry and flow cytometry studies. Data collected were demographics, medical history, co-morbidities (HIV, HCV, HBV), detailed treatment/product(s) usage, bleeding events, surgical procedures, and other adverse events. It also included patient-reported outcome questionnaires regarding health-related quality of life (HRQoL) using SF-36 and EQ-5D instruments. All data were entered into electronic case report forms by the laboratory personnel. Results : Sixty one ( GT 50, BSS 11) patients participated in the present study; 31 were males and 30 females. 43 were pediatric patients and 18 adults. Seventeen patients were diagnosed at birth and 10 patients were diagnosed beyond the age of 10 years. Forty four patients (72%) had parental consanguinity. Thirteen patients ( BSS 8, GT 5) did not have any major bleeding manifestations which required treatment. In the remaining patients, the median ABR was 10 ( range 2.5 - >75). The median ISTH BAT score was 10 (range 1-26.)The bleeding manifestations included epistaxis (61%), ecchymosis (58%) , gum bleed (48%), gastrointestinal bleed (28%), soft tissue bleed (23%), hematuria (8%), joint bleed (3%) and intracranial bleed ( 3%). Heavy menstrual bleed (HMB) was the primary bleeding manifestation in all females in the reproductive age group. Four patients were diagnosed following circumcision. Treatment strategies for bleeding events included antifibrinolytic agents alone (26%), platelet transfusion (43%), or whole blood and fresh frozen plasma (39%). Antifibrinolytic agents were also used as adjunct agents with platelet transfusion in majority of the patients. None of the patients were on recombinant activated FVIIa. Overall 8 deaths were reported due to bleeding in these 61 families during the last 10 years, the cause of death mainly being non-availability of treatment products. The self- reported median EQ-5D health score was 82.5 ( range 40-100) Figure 1 shows the detailed EQ-5D analysis in these 61 patients Conclusion : Present study provides detailed information of GT and BSS and its impact throughout life. A wide variation in clinical manifestations and disease outcomes was observed, the major attributing factor may possibly be socioeconomic factor which includes access to clinical resources and treatment products for bleed management. Unlike hemophilia, GT and BSS patients do not have the privilege of prophylactic treatment in our country, but there is a need for optimal disease management to normalize both physical and psychosocial outcomes. More such studies will add to an increased understanding of critical issues in these
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Raza, Mohammed, e Basavarajendra S. Anurshetru. "Clinical study of coexistence of fungal infections in diabetic foot ulcers and its management". International Surgery Journal 4, n. 12 (25 novembre 2017): 3943. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20175157.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Presently 62 million Indians are diabetics and these numbers are on the rise. Amongst chronic complications of uncontrolled diabetes, foot ulcer is one. Diabetes is the leading cause of non-traumatic lower extremity amputation in developing countries with risk being 15 to 46 times higher. Infections are predominantly polymicrobial, predominantly Aerobic Gram-Positive cocci with higher incidence of anaerobic species and fungal infections. Treatment of fungal infections in diabetic foot ulcers might reduce the disability, morbidity and mortality in diabetic patients.Methods: A total of 100 diabetic foot ulcer patients admitted or who visited to JSS Hospital over a period of 2 years, meeting the inclusion/exclusion criteria of the study, formed the study population. Detailed history, clinical evaluation & necessary investigations were done. Fungal isolation from the ulcer done by 10% KOH study, Gram stain, SDA culture and slide culture methods. Positive patients were treated with antifungal agents. Outcome of the disease studied based on ulcer progression, wound healing and tissue amputations.Results: Polymicrobial flora in diabetic foot ulcers was seen (137 organisms in 100 subjects), predominantly Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas. Prevalence of fungal infections in present study was 19%, of which Candida species was the commonest.Conclusions: Present study signifies the need of mycological evaluation of nonhealing diabetic ulcer, with poor progression despite antibacterial therapy & foot care, introduction of antifungal treatment for proved fungal infections in diabetic foot ulcers, considering fungal infection as significant risk factor.
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Gupta, Richie, e Anil Murarka. "Treating transsexuals in India: History, prerequisites for surgery and legal issues". Indian Journal of Plastic Surgery 42, n. 02 (luglio 2009): 226–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1699349.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACTAuthors in their clinical practice came across transsexual patients, who were determined to get their gender affirmed by undergoing a change of sex. This motivated the authors to review the literature extensively regarding transsexualism and report their experience. Opinions were taken from legal luminaries practicing in related fields. They also took inputs from several patients who were at various stages of psychiatric analysis and hormone therapy and also those, who had completed their treatment procedures. A paucity of the Indian inputs in medical literature concerning transsexualism was noted by the authors They also found deficiencies in the Indian Law, as applied to the individuals undergoing gender affirmation surgery (GAS). In this paper they have enumerated these deficiencies. Though GAS has been legally allowed in U.K. since 1967, in America since 1972, and in various other countries, Indian Laws are silent on the issue. An Indian surgeon dealing with transsexual patients is faced with a number of issues like consent for the procedure, safe guarding the surgeon or gender team from future litigation. Another issue is postoperative sexual and legal status of the patient. Present Indian Laws regarding marriage, adultery, sexual and unnatural offences, adoptions, maintenance, succession, labour and industrial laws will require modifications when dealing with these individuals and protecting their rights. Authors have tried to deal with all these issues that an individual surgeon faces when he manages a transsexual patient.
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Wasedar, Vishwanath S., Chinmayi Iranna Koppad e Samiuzzama Davalbhai. "Adverse drug reaction after application of Amapachana upanaha (~poultice application): An observation". Journal of Ayurveda Case Reports 7, n. 2 (aprile 2024): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/jacr.jacr_4_23.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
It is the most common belief in Indians that herbal drugs are completely safe and do not produce any adverse effects. However, this belief is not always true. A case of Adverse Drug Reaction (ADR) after the application of an Ayurveda formulation is presented in this case report. An 82-year-old male patient, a resident of Belagavi, with a history of hypertension, presented to Ayurveda hospital with complaints of pain in bilateral knee joints for the last two months that aggravated since last week. As per Ayurveda parameters, he was diagnosed with a case of Sandhigata vata (~vitiated Vata dosha in joints; National Ayurveda Morbidity Code: AAE-16) comparable to osteoarthritis. He was admitted to the inpatient department on March 28, 2022, and after taking consent, Ayurveda treatment was started. Amapachana upanaha (~poultice application) over the bilateral knee joints was one among the treatment procedures followed in the case. On the second day of treatment (March 30, 2022), he suddenly developed reddish discoloration and the appearance of boils over the bilateral knee joint after the administration of Amapachana upanaha. The patient was managed with external application of Shatadhouta ghrita (~processed ghee) over the affected part along with internal administration of tablet Laghusootashekara vati (1600 mg) twice a day for three days for the suspected ADR. After three days of therapeutic intervention, blisters and discoloration were reduced and the patient was discharged on April 4, 2022, with internal follow-up medications for the next 15 days. This case report highlights the importance of preassessment and awareness toward the careful use of Ayurveda medicines like that of contemporary medications to address such ADRs.
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Kumar, Vikas, Kalicharan Sharma, Bahar Ahmed, F. A. Al-Abbasi, Firoz Anwar e Amita Verma. "Deconvoluting the dual hypoglycemic effect of wedelolactone isolated fromWedelia calendulacea: investigationviaexperimental validation and molecular docking". RSC Advances 8, n. 32 (2018): 18180–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7ra12568b.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Wedelia calendulaceahas a long history of use in the Indian Ayurvedic System of Medicine for the treatment, prevention, and cure of a diverse range of human diseases such as diabetes obesity, and other metabolic diseases.
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Azizah, Imamatul Azizah, Riska Syafitri e Umy Kalsum. "Sejarah Teknik Pengobatan Kuno India (Ayurveda)". SINDANG: Jurnal Pendidikan Sejarah dan Kajian Sejarah 2, n. 2 (29 giugno 2020): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.31540/sindang.v2i2.754.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article was written through a literature review, aimed at explaining Ayurveda, which is one of the ancient medical techniques in medicine that originated in India. Where until now its role remains with the use of this treatment technique as well as ancient or ayurvedic treatment techniques that also contribute to the development of world medical science. Overall this article discusses material relating to the history of medical science in general, relating to the science of medicine that spreads throughout regions of the world both Arabic, Chinese or Indian itself. Then in this article also contains a discussion of the introduction of ancient Indian or Ayurved treatment techniques, What is Ayurved. It also explained the techniques of treatment in healing patients in Ayurved.
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HALL, ROBERTA L. "Alcohol Treatment in American Indian Populations: An Indigenous Treatment Modality Compared with Traditional Approaches". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 472, n. 1 Alcohol and C (luglio 1986): 168–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1986.tb29619.x.
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Feldstein. "American Indian/Alaska Native Alcohol-Related Incarceration and Treatment". American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research 13, n. 3 (2006): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.5820/aian.1303.2006.1.
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Tamboli, Asif S., Jagdish V. Dalavi, Suhas K. Kadam, Shrirang R. Yadav, Sanjay P. Govindwar, Yeon-Sik Choo e Jae Hong Pak. "Molecular Phylogenetic Evidence and Biogeographic History of Indian Endemic Portulaca L. (Portulacaceae) Species". Diversity 14, n. 6 (31 maggio 2022): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d14060443.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The genus Portulaca L. belongs to the monogeneric family Portulacaceae and consists of about 157 species worldwide. In India, it is represented by 11 taxa; among them, Portulaca badamica, Portulaca lakshminarasimhaniana, Portulaca oleracea var. linearifolia, and Portulaca laljii are endemic. So far, the phylogenetic positions of these species have not yet been analyzed. We have reconstructed the Bayesian and maximum likelihood phylogenies based on a combined chloroplast and nuclear DNA sequence dataset to reveal phylogenetic placements of Indian Portulaca. Phylogenetic analyses indicate that all the sampled Indian Portulaca species (except Portulaca wightiana) are placed in the AL clade, which contains most of the known species of the family Portulacaceae. We used reconstructed phylogeny to study the historical biogeography of Indian endemic species by employing S-DIVA analysis. S-DIVA analysis suggested P. lakshminarasimhaniana has origin in India, it may be the result of in situ speciation in India, and P. badamica was dispersed from Africa to India. We have also discussed the systematic placements of endemic species and their morphological relationships with closely allied species. In addition, this study also provides taxonomic treatment for endemic species.
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Heary, Robert F., e Karthik Madhavan. "THE HISTORY OF SPINAL DEFORMITY". Neurosurgery 63, suppl_3 (1 settembre 2008): A5—A15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000324520.95150.4c.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT SPINAL DEFORMITY IS the oldest disease known to humankind. The first record of correction of spinal deformity was documented in an Indian religious mythological book written between 3500 BC and 1800 BC. Initially, all spinal deformities were treated with the use of braces, traction, or casts. Hippocrates was the first physician to treat spinal deformities by using axial traction combined with direct pressure. Galen specifically described the anatomy of the spine and spinal nerves. The treatment of spinal deformity was greatly improved by the development of radiographic imaging by Roentgen. After x-rays became available, spinal fusions began to be used to treat scoliotic curves. Hibbs described the first spinal fusion to stabilize a deformed tuberculous spine. Soon enough, other investigators began to report on a variety of surgical techniques used to treat spinal deformity. Surgical approaches from both the posterior and anterior directions were developed and modified in an attempt to achieve durable curve corrections. Harrington's distraction rod system was a major innovation in providing a method to improve coronal plane deformity. Luque introduced segmental instrumentation, which opened up the era of modern surgical techniques for spinal deformity. This concept allowed surgeons to begin to achieve three-dimensional corrections by respecting both the sagittal and coronal curves simultaneously. The introduction of pedicle screws, throughout the thoracolumbar spine, has increased the ability of surgeons to achieve greater degrees of curve correction than had previously been possible. The history of spinal deformity is still maturing as newer procedures continue to be performed on a daily basis.
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Matin, Abdul. "The treatment of history in Girish Karnad’s Taledanda highlights the socio-political conflicts of contemporary Indian society". International Journal of Literacy and Education 1, n. 2 (1 luglio 2021): 106–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.22271/27891607.2021.v1.i2a.20.
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Sharma, Diksha, Kavita Sachdeva, Saumya Saini e Rashi Goyal. "COVID associated mucormycosis: various trends, effects of treatment and sequelae". International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 9, n. 9 (24 agosto 2023): 697–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20232518.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: With second wave of covid-19 pandemic rapid rise in cases of covid associated mucormycosis (CAM) was detected. The primary reason that appears to be facilitating Mucorales spores to germinate in people with COVID-19 is an ideal environment of low oxygen, high blood glucose, acidic medium (metabolic acidosis, diabetic ketoacidosis [DKA], high serum iron levels. Aim of this study is to evaluate the extent of disease, its causative factors, various associations and effect of treatment. Methods: This is a prospective study done on 180 patients. Detailed history and diagnostic nasal endoscopic guided biopsies were taken and sent for histopathological and microbial examination. Computed tomography (CT) and MRI of paranasal sinus, orbit, skull base and brain were done. The data collected was entered in Microsoft excel and analyzed data was presented in form of frequency and percentage shown by bar chart and pie charts. Results: The average age of the patients was 50.53 ± 11.280 years. Majority of patients were male (73.3%). Mean duration of onset was 19.28±11.482 days. The most common presenting symptom was headache( 90%). 98.9% (N=178) patients were diabetics, 52.2% patients were known diabetics, newly diagnosed diabetics were 41.7%. 73.90% patients had history of steroid intake. 39 patients were certified dead with overall 21.7% mortality rate. Conclusions: Increase in mucormycosis in Indian context appears to be an unholy intersection of trinity of COVID-19, Diabetes mellitus and corticosteroid. High suspicion, early diagnosis and rigorous management is the key to favourable prognosis.
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Klesert, Anthony L., e Michael J. Andrews. "The Treatment of Human Remains on Navajo Lands". American Antiquity 53, n. 2 (aprile 1988): 310–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/281021.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Recent key federal and tribal legislation often has proved inadequate for dealing with human remains. Because of this the Navajo Nation, in cooperation with the Bureau of Indian Affairs, has developed a policy establishing a working set of procedures for cultural resource managers and developers to follow in the identification, verification, and ultimate disposition of human remains on Navajo Tribal Trust land. These procedures attempt to address legal and human concerns of next of kin, local residents, the Navajo Tribe as a whole, and the federal government. The policy does not expressly advocate the scientific study of human remains prior to or instead of reburial, but this alternative is allowable under the policy, given the acquisition of appropriate consent. This paper discusses the procedures (formally adopted by Navajo Tribal Resolution) along with suggestions for their modification for use elsewhere and under other circumstances.
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P. S., Tampi, Sheetu Singh, Tanvir Reza, Supreet Batra, Yuvarajan S. S., Roopa Rachel P., Kunal Khobragade e Nitinkumar S. Doshi. "Understanding perspectives of asthma among pulmonologists in Indian settings: results from a questionnaire-based survey". International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 11, n. 1 (30 dicembre 2023): 266–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20234136.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Asthma is associated with high morbidity and mortality in India. This survey was undertaken to explore the perspectives of pulmonologists towards in-clinic management of patients with asthma. Methods: It was a cross-sectional survey of pulmonologists conducted across India. It was formulated to provide unbiased observations of real-world clinical practice focusing on methods of diagnosis of asthma and its treatment preferences. Results: The participants included 805 pulmonologists, with the majority primarily treating patients with asthma (62%), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (19%) and allergic rhinitis (19%). More than 86% of pulmonologists consider clinical symptoms, history of childhood asthma, family history, and chronic allergic rhinitis for initial diagnosis. About 19-23% prefer spirometry alone or in combination with family history for confirmation of asthma. The preferred inhaled corticosteroids-long-acting bronchodilator (ICS-LABA) combination was budesonide-formoterol amongst 83% of pulmonologists. For both dry powder inhaler (DPI) and metered dose inhaler (MDI) devices, fine particle fraction per cent and delivered dose were ranked as the two most important attributes. Conclusions: Asthma is the most prevalent diagnosis among patients treated by pulmonologists on the basis of clinical presentation and medical history. The most commonly used pharmacotherapy for the treatment of asthma comprises ICS-LABA, with budesonide-formoterol being the preferred combination. Fine particle fraction per cent and magnitude of delivered dose influence the choice of asthma inhaler prescriptions the most.
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Kumar, Rajnish, e Avantika Sharma. "Acute pancytopenia secondary to hemophagocytic syndrome due to plasmodium vivax malaria with chloroquine treatment failure: case report". International Journal of Advances in Medicine 4, n. 6 (22 novembre 2017): 1690. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-3933.ijam20175192.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Pancytopenia as a manifested complication of plasmodium vivax malaria is extremely rare and mainly reported with plasmodium falciparum. We report a 29-year old Indian pregnant female who lives in rural area of Haryana (northern India) and presented with a two-week long history of intermittent fever, chills and rigor. She was found to have spleenomegaly, pancytopenia, hyperferrtinemia with positive peripheral blood smear for plasmodium vivax. not responding to oral chloroquine. The patient had a full recovery from pancytopenia with artesunate therapy.
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Ullrich, Helen E. "Culture, Empathy, and the Therapeutic Alliance". Psychodynamic Psychiatry 50, n. 1 (marzo 2022): 151–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1521/pdps.2022.50.1.151.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
When the therapist and patient are from different cultures, there may be impediments to the development of empathy and a therapeutic alliance. South India culture provides an example of contrasting values and customs about which patients may be reluctant to discuss. The initial case history is of a South Indian who sought treatment in the United States. The remaining cases, drawn from a village in South India with which the author has had a 55-year history of research, illustrate cultural factors potentially inhibiting or facilitating the development of empathy and a therapeutic alliance.
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Madhav, K. Venu, Aksa Maheen e Kiranmai Mandhava. "Poly-Herbal Formulations: Current Status and Future Perspectives for Treatment of Various Complications". International Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Nanotechnology 14, n. 6 (1 dicembre 2021): 5647–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.37285/ijpsn.2021.14.6.1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In customary medication, the greater part of infections has been treated by reveling of plant or plant items. As indicated by the Ayurveda individual herbs are deficient to accomplish an ideal restorative impact. To conquer this issue numerous spice structure in certain proportion is utilized that will give a superior restorative impact in better manner with decreased harmfulness. To grow such mediation, current examination will address about polyherbal formulation uses and its outline in treatment of different diseases and ailments. Home grown medications have existed worldwide since long time ago, therefore they bear history, and they were utilized in Chinese, Egyptian and Indian medications for different treatment. This review primarily centers around significance of polyherbal and its clinical importance.
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Patel, Dr Nirav, Dr Megh Shah e Dr Yash Patel. "A Case Series of Indian Red Scorpion Bite and Rare Clinical Presentation of Central Nervous System". BJKines National Journal of Basic & Applied Sciences 14, n. 1 (10 giugno 2022): 101–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.56018/bjkines20220616.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Indian red scorpion (Hottentotta tamulus) is a very dangerous venomous animal found in Indian Territory; its venom contains various toxins which causes direct effect on the central nervous system (CNS). We report a case series of 12 patients who were bitten and had atypical clinical presentation affecting CNS. We evaluated 12 patients of Indian red scorpion sting by taking history, routine blood investigations, CT scan of brain, and CNS examination at a tertiary care hospital in Gujarat. We observed that if patient takes longer time after sting to visit hospital, there are more chances of development of CNS signs and symptoms and indicates poor prognosis. Indian red scorpion venom is a potent sympathetic stimulant and cardio-toxic agent. It can also cause haemorrhagic and thrombotic stroke, cerebellar stroke and cerebellitis. Prazosin is the treatment of sting as there is no availability of anti-venom for sting. Prognosis is directly related to duration between scorpion sting and initiation of treatment. Keywords: 5’nucleotidase, roving eye movements, acute cerebellitis.
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Husain, Safder. "Diagnostic Manifestations (Istedlal wa Alamat) of Anaemia (Faqr al-Dam) in Ancient Unani Literature - A Review". Chettinad Health City Medical Journal 12, n. 1 (31 marzo 2023): 84–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.24321/2278.2044.202313.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Anaemia has a long history, as evidenced by 4,000-year-old bone samples from Thailand that showed advanced signs of the disease. Man has known the importance of iron in health and sickness since the dawn of humanity. Egyptians, Indians, Greeks, and Romans were among the first to use iron as a medicine. In the 17th century, iron was used to cure chlorosis (green disease), which was commonly caused by an iron deficiency. The molecule of haemoglobin requires iron to function properly. It is the most effective therapy for treating anaemia caused by a haemoglobin deficiency for over 2000 years. The aetiological factors (Asbāb), types (Aqsaam), pathophysiology, and clinical manifestation (Istedlal wa Alȧmȧt) of anaemia have been described in the Unani ancient literature which may be very useful for early diagnosis of anaemia. Data for this review article were collected from ancient Unani books and other manuscripts. It was found that there are several clinical manifestations (Istedlal wa Alȧmȧt) of Faqr al-Damin ancient Unani literature that aid in the diagnosis and treatment of anaemia. This article may be quite helpful for the early diagnosis and treatment of anaemia through the Unani system of medicine.Keywords:Anaemia (Faqr al-Dam), Aetiological factors (Asbāb), Clinical manifestation (Istedlal wa Alȧmȧt), Types (Aqsaam), Pathophysiology of anaemia, PreventionIntroductionAncient Unani physicians believed that derangement of the liver, sūmizāj and Ḍu‘f al-kabid (weakness of hepatic faculties) or sometimes associated diseases results in impaired and improper production of blood causing anaemia.1-3The word Sū’al-Qinya was coined by Ismail Jurjani (12th AD). Sū means defect and Qinya means treasure, therefore anaemia might be considered a treasury defect.4 Other vernaculars of anaemia stated by contemporary physicians are Faqr al-Dam,Sū’al-Qinya, Qillat-i-dam, khoon-ki-kami, khoon ki mohtaji (ghareebi, nadari) and Fas̄ad al-Dam.5
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Chong. "Predictors of Relapse for American Indian Women After Substance Abuse Treatment". American Indian and Alaska Native Mental Health Research 14, n. 3 (2007): 24–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5820/aian.1403.2007.24.
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