Tesi sul tema "Inborn groups of people"
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1
Deal, Mark. "Attitudes of disabled people toward other disabled people and impairment groups". Thesis, City, University of London, 2006. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/17416/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This research set-out to: a) investigate attitudes of disabled people (adults) toward other disabled people; and, b) attitudes of disabled people toward different impairment groups. Comparative data from a non-disabled sample was also collected. Two new attitude rating scales were developed for this research: the General Attitude Scale Toward Disabled People (GASTDP) and the Attitude Toward Impairment Scale (A TIS). Both scales achieved acceptable levels of internal and external reliability. Positive attitudes toward disabled people were found from both the disabled (M = 41.08; n = 193) and non-disabled samples (M = 39.29; n = 120). However, a hierarchy of impairment also appears to exist, with the disabled sample producing a rank ordering of most accepted to least of Deaf, Arthritis, Epilepsy, Cerebral Palsy, HIV/AIDS, Down's Syndrome and Schizophrenia. The nondisabled sample rank ordering was the same for five of the seven impairment groups, with only Cerebral Palsy and HIV / AIDS being placed in reverse order. The GASTDP contains two sub-scales (Subtle and Blatant Prejudice subscales). Statistically significant results between the two sub-scales were found for both the disabled and non-disabled samples, suggesting people tend to hold subtle forms of prejudice toward disabled people. The discussion therefore utilises the term aversive disablism, based on aversive racism. This theory argues that whilst people may be reluctant to express negative attitudes toward disabled people, they may also support policies that are disablist, i.e. segregated housing. The contact hypothesis, whereby contact with members of a minority group influence attitudes, was not supported by the data. This thesis recommends further research into subtle forms of prejudice toward disabled people from an in-group perspective and attitudes toward different impairment groups.
2
Edman, Viktor. "Tracking Groups of People in Video Surveillance". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Reglerteknik, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-93996.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this master thesis, the problem of tracking groups using an image sequence dataset is examined. Target tracking can be defined as the problem of estimating a target's state given prior knowledge about its motion and some sensor measurements related to the target's state. A popular method for target tracking is e.g. the Kalman filter. However, the Kalman filter is insufficient when there are multiple targets in the scene. Consequently, alternative multitarget tracking methods must be applied along with methods for estimating the number of targets in the scene. Multitarget tracking can however be difficult when there are many unresolved targets, e.g. associating observations with targets in dense crowds. A viable simplification is group target tracking, keeping track of groups rather than individual targets. Furthermore, group target tracking is preferred when the user wants to know the motion and extension of a group in e.g. evacuation scenarios. To solve the problem of group target tracking in video surveillance, a combination of GM-PHD filtering and mean shift clustering is proposed. The GM-PHD filter is an approximation of Bayes multitarget filter. Pedestrian detections converted into flat world coordinates from the image dataset are used as input to the filter. The output of the GM-PHD filter consists of Gaussian mixture components with corresponding mean state vectors. The components are divided into groups by using mean shift clustering. An estimate of the number of members and group shape is presented for each group. The method is evaluated using both single camera measurements and two cameras partly surveilling the same area. The results are promising and present a nice visual representation of the groups' characteristics. However, using two cameras gives no improvement in performance, probably due to differences in detections between the two cameras, e.g. a single pedestrian can be observed being at two positions several meters apart making it difficult to determine if it is a single pedestrian or multiple pedestrians.
3
Burke, Sara Emily. "The Excluded Middle| Attitudes and Beliefs about Bisexual People, Biracial People, and Novel Intermediate Social Groups". Thesis, Yale University, 2017. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=10584940.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The history of intergroup research is built on groups that represent "endpoints" of a dimension of social identity, such as White, Black, heterosexual, and gay/lesbian. Social groups who fall between these more readily recognized advantaged and disadvantaged groups (e.g., biracial people, bisexual people) have received less attention. These intermediate social groups are increasingly visible and numerous in the United States, however, and a detailed account of the biases they face can contribute to a fuller understanding of intergroup relations. This dissertation examines attitudes and beliefs about intermediate social groups, focusing on bisexual people as the primary example at first, and then expanding the investigation to biracial people and novel groups to make the case that intermediate groups elicit a distinctive pattern of biases. Across studies, participants expressed beliefs that undermined the legitimacy of intermediate groups in a variety of ways. They endorsed the view that intermediate groups are low in social realness (conceptually invalid, meaningless, lacking a concrete social existence) and that intermediate group identities are unstable (provisional, lacking a genuine underlying truth, the result of confusion). These views of social realness and identity stability partially explained prejudice against intermediate groups.
The concept of social group intermediacy is abstract; actual intermediate groups (e.g., biracial and bisexual people) are different from each other because their defining types of intermediacy stem from different dimensions of social identity (race and sexual orientation). Therefore, focused research on each specific intermediate group is necessary to fully understand the types of attitudes they evoke due to their intermediate status. To demonstrate the value of attending to the details of a particular intermediate group, Chapters 2 through 5 focused on bisexual people. The observed patterns of attitudes and beliefs about bisexual people demonstrated the role of their perceived intermediate status in the context of sexual orientation.
Chapter 2 investigated attitudes toward sexual orientation groups in a large sample of heterosexual and gay/lesbian participants. Bisexuality was evaluated less favorably and perceived as less stable than heterosexuality and homosexuality. Stereotypes about bisexual people pertained to gender conformity, decisiveness, and monogamy; few positive traits were associated with bisexuality. Chapter 3 extended these findings, demonstrating that negative evaluation of sexual minorities was more closely associated with perceived identity instability than it was with the view that sexual orientation is a choice. This relationship was moderated by both participant and target sexual orientation.
Chapter 4 addressed one reason why bisexual people are evaluated more negatively than gay/lesbian people. A common explanation given for the discrepancy in evaluation is that bisexuality introduces ambiguity into a binary model of sexuality. In line with this explanation, we found that participants with a preference for simple ways of structuring information were especially likely to evaluate bisexual people more negatively than gay/lesbian people. Chapter 5 investigated how bisexual participants saw themselves as a group. Results suggested that bisexual people largely disagree with the prevailing stereotypes of their group; these stereotypes reflect non-bisexual people's impressions of the intermediate group rather than a consensus.
Chapter 6 shifted the focus from bisexual people as an example of an intermediate social group to intermediate social groups in general. Results from a set of studies involving novel groups demonstrated that perceiving a group as intermediate can cause negative evaluation and low ratings of social realness and identity stability. Similar results held for real-world intermediate groups (biracial people and bisexual people). The extent to which an intermediate group was perceived as less socially real than other groups predicted the extent to which it was evaluated less positively than those groups. Social realness seems to be a unique explanatory factor in the relative negative evaluation of these intermediate groups, working in conjunction with the more well-known processes of intergroup attitudes traditionally studied with respect to Black people and gay/lesbian people. The effects of social group intermediacy were amplified among participants who identified strongly with an advantaged ingroup. Acknowledging an intermediate group as legitimate may require one to acknowledge shared characteristics or overlapping boundaries between one's valued ingroup and the "opposite" outgroup, which can be threatening to highly identified group members.
Taken together, these chapters make the case that intermediate social groups incur particular biases due to their perceived intermediate status. The processes of intergroup bias that result in derogation of traditionally recognized disadvantaged groups may be insufficient to account for some forms of prejudice in the modern demographic landscape. As biracial people and bisexual people become more prevalent, researchers must address the conditions under which they are recognized or dismissed, included or excluded.
4
Bradley-Scott, Cerys. "Exploring mentalization-based psychoeducation groups for people with borderline personality disorder". Thesis, Canterbury Christ Church University, 2017. http://create.canterbury.ac.uk/16453/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) is a distressing difficulty prevalent within UK secondary-care settings. Previous qualitative studies have examined individual experiences of long term Mentalization-Based Therapy (MBT) groups for people with BPD. However, the psychoeducational component of MBT has not yet been researched coherently. The current study explored lived experiences of manualised MBT-psychoeducation groups for people with BPD within NHS secondary care settings. Eight participants took part in interviews about their recent participation in these groups. Interpretative phenomenological analysis was used to interpret individual meaning-making of these experiences. While some accounts were characterised by contradictions, MBT-psychoeducation was generally viewed as a challenging but predominantly beneficial experience. Three main themes emerged, comprising eight sub-themes. These highlighted individuals’ attempts to manage complex group processes, strategies for personalising knowledge, and the power and fear of increased self-reflection. Participant’s felt the group had impacted their sense of self, their understanding of others and their impulsivity, particularly within interpersonal relationships. Research and clinical implications of these findings are discussed. Particular importance is given to the implications of some individual’s perceived need for additional support or coping, the desire for further MBT group therapy and the possibility that these findings support propositions that the groups provide a useful mechanism to stimulate mentalizing.
5
DEL, CACHO ESTIL-LES MARIA ASUNCION. "Simulation and Control of Groups of People in Multi-modal Mobility". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1057578.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Tourism and transport are constantly growing and, with it, the movements of travellers. This entails two fundamental effects on which we must focus: control of mass tourism and the organization of transport.
Good transport organization and travel planning avoid crowds and therefore mass tourism. This allows promoting sustainable tourism in which it is sought to offer a quality service to tourists taking care of the environment.
In this thesis the objective is to manage the flow of groups of people through means of transport. This control of groups of people is aimed at customer satisfaction by offering quality tourism.
On the one hand, the study focuses on the problem to mitigate the negative effects due to mass arrivals in touristic locations. A TEN network has been developed to define the optimal tours for different groups of tourists. A related mixed integer quadratic optimization model has been developed with three main objectives: it minimizes the maximum value of occupancy in the selected destinations to limit mass tourism, reduces the divergence between the proposed visit tour and one required by the tourist group and the overall duration of their visit, and a heuristic approach has been introduced.
On the other hand, it has been implemented a railway scheduling and rescheduling problem introducing optimization-based and min-max approaches on the regional and high-speed railway network. The scheduling model defines the best schedules for a set of trains considering costumers’ demand and the priority of the trains to cover the rail sections in case of conflict on the railway lines. Consecutively, the generated feasible timetables are used to minimize possible consequences due to events that may negatively affect the real time traffic management. The main contribution of this section is the introduction in the second approach the innovative concept to prioritize the train that can access on the block section in case of conflicts on the network.
6
Turner, Tavia N. "Changing performance in older work groups a qualitative study of employee transition /". Online version, 2000. http://www.uwstout.edu/lib/thesis/2000/2000turnert.pdf.
Testo completo
7
McNally, Stephen James. "Advocacy and empowerment : self advocacy groups for people with a learning disability". Thesis, London South Bank University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.434573.
Testo completo
8
Gmür, Marco. "Different types of mission approaches of tentmakers among unreached Muslim people groups". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1996. http://www.tren.com.
Testo completo
9
Rheaume, Randall G. "A manual on the Trinity for lay people engaged in small groups". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1996. http://www.tren.com.
Testo completo
10
Fivecoat, Bruce. "Sociocultural strategies of indigenous evangelism and church building among preindustrial people groups". Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2002. http://www.tren.com.
Testo completo
11
Rotherham, Annette. "The benefits of groups for people with aphasia: "We just thought this was Christmas"". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Communication Disorders, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/7608.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The benefits of being in treatment and/or non-treatment groups have not been fully investigated from the perspective of individuals with aphasia and their family members. The aims of the current study were to explore the perceived benefits for adults with aphasia post stroke of participating in treatment and/or non-treatment groups and to explore the perceived benefits for family members of having a relative with aphasia post stroke participate in treatment and/or non-treatment groups.
A qualitative description research strategy was used in the study. Ten adults with aphasia post-stroke, 2 females and 8 males, and 6 family members were recruited using maximum variation sampling.
The study revealed that the participants with aphasia and their family members perceived a wide range of benefits of groups involving individuals with aphasia. These results can help speech-language therapists to be aware of the range of outcomes that can be achieved for different types of groups for people with aphasia and to develop appropriate group options for individuals with aphasia.
12
Bähre, Erik. "Money and violence financial self-help groups in a South African township /". Leiden ; Boston : Brill, 2007. http://public.eblib.com/EBLPublic/PublicView.do?ptiID=467904.
Testo completo
13
Longino, Elizabeth. "People power in struggling cities : pressure groups in Liverpool and Baltimore, 1980-1991". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2015. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:ed16425c-212f-4e4a-b396-2ceaab825fca.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Liverpool and Baltimore in the 1980s were amongst the poorest cities in the United Kingdom and the United States, respectively. Since the 1960s, the ports on which they had built their economies and their reputations had all but collapsed and thousands of manufacturing jobs had been relocated or slashed. Property-led regeneration did more for the investors behind projects and the tourists who enjoyed them than for the cities' working classes. In such cities, battered by forces largely beyond their control, what could people disadvantaged by race and/or economic status do to compete for the resources necessary to improve their living conditions and wield power on a citywide level? This thesis explores the capacity of poor and middle-income people's pressure groups to successfully accomplish their goals in Liverpool and Baltimore during the 1980s. To do so, it examines three case study groups in Liverpool, the Merseyside Community Relations Council, the Eldonian Community Association, and the Anti-Cuts Campaign; and one in Baltimore, Baltimoreans United in Leadership Development. It follows their trajectories under unusually authoritarian local political regimes, the Militant Tendency-directed Labour city council in Liverpool and the Schaefer mayoral administration in Baltimore, through local elections in 1987, and finally under the more open local political regimes following those elections. Their success depended on three sets of factors. First, strong leadership and an animating cause were necessary conditions for groups to cohere, but were not sufficient to ensure their success. That further depended on a group's goals and the distribution of resources necessary to accomplish those goals, which in turn shaped the strategies each group chose to pursue its agenda. Third and finally, the effectiveness of those strategies depended on the group's ability to access and influence the resource-holders identified and, finally, on the scope for action of those resource-holders themselves.
14
Morgan, Makayla Q. "Making Gallery Groups at a Public Art Museum Accessible to People with Aphasia". Bowling Green State University / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=bgsu1586515207124486.
Testo completo
15
Priebe, Stefan, Aleksandra Matanov, Henrique Barros, Reamonn Canavan, Edina Gabor, Tim Greacen, Petra Holcnerova et al. "Mental health-care provision for marginalized groups across Europe: findings from the PROMO study". Mittuniversitetet, Avdelningen för hälsovetenskap, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:miun:diva-15874.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Providing mental health care to socially marginalized groups is a challenge. There is limited evidence on what form of mental health-care generic (i.e. not targeting a specific social group) and group-specific services provide to socially marginalized groups in Europe. Aim: To describe the characteristics of services providing mental health care for people with mental disorders from socially marginalized groups in European capitals. Methods: In two highly deprived areas in different European capital cities, services providing some form of mental health care for six marginalized groups, i.e. homeless, street sex workers, asylum seekers/refugees, irregular migrants, travelling communities and long-term unemployed, were identified and contacted. Data were obtained on service characteristics, staff and programmes. Results: In 8 capital cities, 516 out of 575 identified services were assessed (90%); 297 services were generic (18–79 per city) and 219 group-specific (13–50). All cities had group-specific services for the homeless, street sex workers and asylum seekers/refugees. Generic services provided more health-care programmes. Group-specific services provided more outreach programmes and social care. There was a substantial overlap in the programmes provided by the two types of services. Conclusions: In deprived areas of European capitals, a considerable number of services provide mental health care to socially marginalized groups. Access to these services often remains difficult. Group-specific services have been widely established, but their role overlaps with that of generic services. More research and conceptual clarity on the function of group-specific services are required.
16
Cousineau, Ronald N. "A manual for equipping leaders of small groups to empower local church people for the ministry of work". Online full text .pdf document, available to Fuller patrons only, 2004. http://www.tren.com.
Testo completo
17
Wacks, V. Quinton. "Successful aging, coping and learning : a case study of two diverse groups of older adults /". Diss., This resource online, 1990. http://scholar.lib.vt.edu/theses/available/etd-07102007-142512/.
Testo completo
18
Chakraborty, Kokila. "Understanding diabetes treatment behaviours : health risk decisions of Asian sub-groups and White people". Thesis, London South Bank University, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.435202.
Testo completo
19
Mitchell, Elizabeth. "Efficacy of Leisure Intervention Groups in Rehabilitation of People with an Acquired Brain Injury". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/9996.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Mitchell, EJ abstract. Efficacy of leisure intervention groups in rehabilitation of people with an acquired brain injury Background and aims: This thesis reports on an investigation into the effects of a week-long leisure intervention, namely a Pushing the Boundaries program, for persons with an Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) living in rural, regional and remote NSW. The research aimed to determine whether participation in a leisure intervention program called “Pushing the Boundaries” targeted for individuals who have an Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) living in rural/regional NSW, improved the leisure satisfaction, self-esteem and quality of life of participants. Leisure and recreational activities are an important part of rural life but it is often the case that following a brain injury some people have difficulty accessing what is available to them. Leisure intervention groups can provide an opportunity for participants to explore recreational opportunities and discuss potential barriers. It is well documented that leisure is an important component in the lives of persons with an ABI and it is often associated with community involvement, life satisfaction and self-esteem. It is believed by some that as individuals become less vocationally active, voluntary engagement in leisure and social activity increases in importance to the person. Studies have suggested that psychological well-being in this population depends very much on satisfaction with leisure, in preference to satisfaction derived from job, family, finances or health. Active leisure programs for individuals with an ABI are relatively new and unexplored territory however there are many who believe they are not only valuable for their therapeutic value, but more specifically that they are an important tool in facilitating a redefining of ones “self” following an ABI. The setting for this project was the Transitional Living Unit (TLU) at the South West Brain Injury Rehabilitation Service (SWBIRS). The Adult Team at SWBIRS recognised an ongoing need within the population they service for active leisure intervention as part of the rehabilitation and adjustment to injury process. A leisure intervention program called Pushing the Boundaries was developed and piloted in March 2009. The program was an attempt to trial leisure intervention through groups rather than on an individual basis which was our current practice. It was thought by staff that group therapy would provide a supportive environment, facilitate interaction among peers, reduce feelings of isolation, helplessness and improve mood. Other benefits of group therapy were thought to include easy implementation, replication and cost–effectiveness, however these benefits were yet to be proven. The week long program was designed to provide clients with the opportunity to trial a range of leisure activities so that they could increase their participation and satisfaction within their own communities. The success of the week long pilot program saw three similar programs run in the seven months from August 2010 to February 2011 and these are the focus of this research. Method: The evaluation utilised a pre and post intervention design examining the changes in leisure participation, leisure satisfaction, self-esteem and quality of life (QOL) amongst ABI patients who completed an intensive leisure intervention program called Pushing the Boundaries. The intervention consisted of participation in a week long residential program which was designed to provide clients with the opportunity to trial a range of sporting and recreation activities so that they could increase their leisure participation in their own community. One hundred current or previous clients of SWBIRS were invited to attend one of three programs run between August 2010 and February 2011. A Leisure Participation Survey aimed to gather information from the clients prior to the intervention was sent out to those who registered an interest in attending and the leisure activities chosen to trial throughout the week were influenced by the responses of the participants. With the assistance of the Centre Active Recreation Network (CARN) based in North East Victoria the most popular activities for each group were run during the week. Activities in the programs included sailing, clay target shooting, bushwalking, tai chi, fishing, pool, tennis, table tennis, Wii Nintendo, volleyball, netball, soccer games, socialising, swimming and eating out. Changes in leisure satisfaction, quality of life and self-esteem were measured using the Leisure Satisfaction Scale (LSS), the four domains of the World Health Organisation Quality of Life scale - Bref (WHOQOL-BREF) i.e. physical, psychological, social relationships and environment and the Rosenburg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES) respectively. Data were collected from the group participants prior to each program, immediately following and at three months post program. Individual leisure goals generated by participants during the week long program were also investigated to gain further insight into the personal effects of this rehabilitation program. Subjects were used as their own controls and compared only with themselves. Wilcoxon signed-rank tests were performed to compare measurements at baseline with measurements taken at the completion of the program to determine if these values were significantly different from each other. In order to gauge if any sustained change had occurred baseline measures were then compared with measures taken three months post the intervention. Results: Participants were eight men and four women aged between 19-49 years who were recent clients of a rural Brain Injury Rehabilitation Service. The majority (7/12) had acquired their ABI more than two years previously and for most (10/12) the cause was trauma. Program participants showed clinically important and statistically significant improvements in leisure satisfaction (p=0.002), self-esteem (p=0.03) and quality of life (p=0.02 to 0.008 for 4 domains of the WHO-QOL-Bref scale) three months post program. Conclusions: The findings of this research indicate that adults with an ABI participating in a Pushing the Boundaries program experience improvements in psychological well-being, in particular leisure satisfaction, self-esteem and quality of life three months post program. There are clearly indications of continued impact of learning for these people, and the demonstrated continued improvement in outcomes was indeed an important finding. Results of this study could prove valuable in determining justification for the use of similar leisure intervention programs to aid in recovery following an ABI in similar rehabilitation settings. Participation in this program assisted participants to develop and achieve realistic leisure goals within their own communities. Those who participated indicated that the program made a difference to their lives and how they felt. The reported differences were also evident in quantitative measures. These findings support the concept that leisure satisfaction is important in the lives of adults with an ABI living in rural, regional and remote NSW, that it is linked to QOL, and that it is possible to improve both leisure satisfaction and quality of life through such programs. The results of this study indicate that group therapy is indeed an effective method available to rehabilitation professionals to ensure that clients with ABI achieve better leisure satisfaction, self-esteem and QOL. If the desired goal of rehabilitation following ABI is community integration and facilitating the restoration of the QOL of survivors, then facilities providing these services will need to develop interventions that are both practical and innovative. The Pushing the Boundaries program developed by SWBIRS was demonstrated to be both a practical and innovative program that focused on recovery in a much broader and holistic sense than a more traditional therapy program. Rehabilitation services that can successfully increase leisure satisfaction, self-esteem and QOL are likely to reduce the social burden and perhaps even re-hospitalisation associated with severe ABI, making programs such as this one a valuable addition to community-based ABI rehabilitation. Programs that facilitate leisure satisfaction and improve self-esteem and quality of life need to be a key component of the long-term rehabilitation of people with an ABI. The findings of this study confirm the growing need for active leisure intervention programs to be included in the ongoing rehabilitation and reintegration of adults with an ABI in rural, regional and remote NSW. Results of this study justify replication of this program in similar rehabilitation settings.
20
Donley, Amy. "THE PERCEPTION OF HOMELESS PEOPLE: IMPORTANT FACTORS IN DETERMINING PERCEPTIONS OF THE HOMELESS AS DANGEROUS". Doctoral diss., University of Central Florida, 2008. http://digital.library.ucf.edu/cdm/ref/collection/ETD/id/3813.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study uses two quantitative and two qualitative data sources to determine if homeless people are viewed as dangerous and if they are what factors contribute to this perception. Areas examined are respondent's characteristics, media affects and the perceived rights of homeless people to urban space. Actual levels of perpetration among the homeless are examined to allow for comparisons between perception and reality to be made. Findings showed that race plays a major role in the perception of homeless peo-ple among whites, while gender is more influential among blacks. There was no rela-tionship between media and perceptions. A negative relationship was found between support of rights of the homeless and the perception that they are dangerous. While the homeless have higher incarceration rate as compared to the poor-but-never-homeless, the crimes for which they are sentenced appear to be non-violent in nature and are of-ten what are characterized as nuisance crimes. Recommendations were made to study actual perpetration rates among the homeless to allow for a more in-depth analysis of criminal involvement.Ph.D.
Department of Sociology
Sciences
Sociology PhD
21
Ofosuhene, Godwin Kwame. "The concept of God in the traditional religion of the Akan and Ewe ethnic groups compared the Bible /". Berlin : Viademica, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2841159&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.
Testo completo
22
Seebohm, Patience. ""It's about liberation" : community development support for groups of black people with mental health problems". Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2013. http://arro.anglia.ac.uk/305404/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Disproportionately high numbers of Black people use mental health services and experience involuntary treatment in the UK. There is no simple explanation, but research and policy suggest that groups run by and for Black people with mental health problems provide valued support. This study asks how community development (CD) practice can help these groups to develop and thrive. The research adopted an action research framework to develop four cycles of research, each informing the next, within a social constructivist paradigm. Methods were mainly qualitative: interviews, group discussions and observation, with a questionnaire survey in cycle one. This asked CD practitioners about their activities and helped to identify two groups for case studies in cycles two and three. During the case studies, groups received development support on their chosen topic while participating in qualitative research; activities were clearly demarcated. Reflective field notes added to the data. In the fourth cycle reflective conversations with eminent ‘critical friends’ refined and affirmed the learning. Thematic analysis was continuous and progressive. Findings suggest that CD practitioners can inspire and help Black people with mental health problems to come together in member-led, mutually supportive groups, justifying Black-only membership. Effective practitioners, especially Black role models, helped groups to generate self-belief and self-efficacy through collective action, enabling members to change their status, services and community. Those practitioners who demonstrated critical humility, commitment and competence broke the pattern of racial and psychiatric dominance. Others inadvertently reinforced societal oppression. A new concept is introduced to encapsulate the learning: the ‘liberation approach’ to CD which synthesises four perspectives: radical CD, mental health recovery, Black self-help and liberation theories. This approach helps groups to challenge oppressive processes, breaking the mould in which they feel constrained. The study contributes new theory, evidence and research methodology about CD and self-organising groups within this context.
23
Seebohm, Patience. ""It's about liberation" Community development support for groups of black people with mental health problems". Thesis, Anglia Ruskin University, 2013. https://arro.anglia.ac.uk/id/eprint/305404/1/Seebohm%20thesis%20Aug%202013.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Disproportionately high numbers of Black people use mental health services and experience involuntary treatment in the UK. There is no simple explanation, but research and policy suggest that groups run by and for Black people with mental health problems provide valued support. This study asks how community development (CD) practice can help these groups to develop and thrive.
The research adopted an action research framework to develop four cycles of research, each informing the next, within a social constructivist paradigm. Methods were mainly qualitative: interviews, group discussions and observation, with a questionnaire survey in cycle one. This asked CD practitioners about their activities and helped to identify two groups for case studies in cycles two and three. During the case studies, groups received development support on their chosen topic while participating in qualitative research; activities were clearly demarcated. Reflective field notes added to the data. In the fourth cycle reflective conversations with eminent ‘critical friends’ refined and affirmed the learning. Thematic analysis was continuous and progressive.
Findings suggest that CD practitioners can inspire and help Black people with mental health problems to come together in member-led, mutually supportive groups, justifying Black-only membership. Effective practitioners, especially Black role models, helped groups to generate self-belief and self-efficacy through collective action, enabling members to change their status, services and community. Those practitioners who demonstrated critical humility, commitment and competence broke the pattern of racial and psychiatric dominance. Others inadvertently reinforced societal oppression.
A new concept is introduced to encapsulate the learning: the ‘liberation approach’ to CD which synthesises four perspectives: radical CD, mental health recovery, Black self-help and liberation theories. This approach helps groups to challenge oppressive processes, breaking the mould in which they feel constrained. The study contributes new theory, evidence and research methodology about CD and self-organising groups within this context.
24
Smale, Kathryn. "Better together? : a social identity approach to psychological adjustment groups for people with multiple sclerosis". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2016. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/38067/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
People with multiple sclerosis (MS) commonly experience psychological problems including anxiety and depression. Evidence indicates that psychological interventions based on cognitive behavioural principles can help improve mental health. Such interventions are often delivered in groups and a common assumption is that the social interaction afforded by a group format is beneficial. The aim of this thesis is to explore this assumption and, drawing on social identity theory, investigate why and for whom MS psychological adjustment interventions are effective (or not) when delivered in a group. Social identity refers to the part of an individual’s self-concept that is derived from belonging to social groups. In the first study, a survey was conducted to establish an evidence base for the relationship between psychological wellbeing and social identity processes in people with MS (n=203). Continued membership of groups belonged to prior to diagnosis was associated with reduced psychological distress, highlighting the importance of social identity continuity. Increased anticipation of stigma as a result of having MS was associated with increased psychological distress. Identification with an MS group was associated with a small decrease in psychological distress when the effect of the other variables was accounted for. This raised the possibility that positive effects of MS group identification may be suppressed by an underlying negative influence of identifying with a socially devalued group. A realist synthesis was undertaken to gain further insight into how these processes may contribute to intervention success or failure. This identified several benefits of group format, but indicated that these benefits were more readily obtained when MS was not experienced as posing a threat to identity. When the identity threat from MS was high, there were indications that a group format could have negative consequences for psychological wellbeing. The identity-related benefits and drawbacks of individual and group interventions were explored further in a thematic analysis of interviews with 16 people with MS. Participants had taken part in a feasibility randomised controlled trial (RCT) of group versus individual cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT). Several benefits of group delivery were identified, including shared understanding, normalisation of illness and the opportunity to socialise, share information and challenge negative stereotypes. Perceived drawbacks included unhelpful group norms, putting on a mask and confrontation with a feared identity. Identity threat was found to be especially marked in the group delivery format and appeared to reduce intervention engagement. Identity threat varied depending on social identity continuity, incorporation of MS into identity, stigma, time since diagnosis, symptom progression, ageing and illness narrative. A narrative analysis of two of the interview transcripts highlighted the power of narrative perspective to influence how people respond to MS and offered an explanation for the differing responses to the prospect of taking part in group or individual interventions. This thesis makes valuable contribution to the literature in making explicit those aspects of group intervention format that confer benefit. It also draws attention to the identity-related drawbacks of a group format. The finding that identity threat may influence perceptions of, and engagement with, interventions offers an explanation for the mixed results in the literature regarding the efficacy of group interventions. The thesis findings begin to establish a theoretical basis for clinical decisions regarding whether to offer group or individual psychological adjustment interventions. An important implication is the need to frame, design and deliver group interventions in such a way as to reduce identity threat and promote a positive shared identity. Further research is now needed to investigate whether the proposed identity-related mechanisms impact intervention efficacy. In the planned multi-site RCT of group versus individual CBT it would be valuable to incorporate measures of MS group identification and identity threat. This would enable quantitative investigation of the degree to which these variables influence intervention engagement and efficacy.
25
Pitana, I. Gde. "In search of difference origin groups, status and identity in contemporary Bali /". Online version, 1997. http://bibpurl.oclc.org/web/23850.
Testo completo
26
Leaney, Sarah. "Located lives : an ethnographic representation of people and place on a British council estate". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2016. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/65117/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis is the product of ethnographic research conducted over a period of eighteen months on a council estate, located on the outskirts of a city in Britain. The research explores how the everyday lives of people on The Estate are shaped by their being there. It also examines the material and social conditions, which produce and legitimate knowledges of these people and this place. A central concern of the research is the exploration of classed identity formations. Conducted in ‘austerity Britain' it traces the material and social constitution of the council estate at a moment of heightened interest (popular, political and academic) as ‘other'. The thesis aims to develop a theorisation of being placed on the council estate, which maintains sensitivity to the objectifying processes of claiming to know: specifically, a political commitment to representations of ideas of difference and dissensus (Rancière, 1998; 2006). This work is produced in conversation with class theory; inspired by Bourdieu's linking of objective structures to subjective experience (Bourdieu, 1977; 1980; 1983) and feminist reflexive writings of the affective in classed beings (Hey, 2006; Walkerdine, 2010; Lucey, 2010). However, crucially, it does not produce a new categorisation of class. Rather I begin from a premise that ‘identity categories are never merely descriptive, but always normative, and as such, exclusionary' (Butler, 1992: 15-16). In this thesis, I work through a deconstruction of the concepts of class in order to ‘continue to use them, repeat them, to repeat them subversively, and to displace them from the contexts in which they have been deployed as instruments of oppressive power' (1992: 17). This work is located within academic debates around identity. Thinking with post-structural conceptualisations of gender (Butler, 1990) and race (Nayak, 1977), I develop these as a way to think class. I build upon conceptualisations of habitus (Bourdieu, 2005) as a starting point for exploring subjectivities. Drawing upon work foregrounding the affective consequences of shifts in circumstances resulting in a habitus ‘out of place' (Reay, 2007); I explore the moments of negotiation that occur when one is ‘in place'. Furthering a theorisation of class as a social placing, I bring in conceptual developments within social geography to explore the social constitution of classed places (Massey, 2005; Featherstone, 2013). Through my conceptualisation of ‘being place(d)' I posit identity formation and place making as intertwined processes. Consequently, identity formation through processes of being place(d) on The Estate is not a simple process of socialisation where one learns to be through being of a particular place; rather it is the positioning in place through being in moments of difference. Through my analysis, I theorise identity as moments of identification (Hall, 1996), within which aspects of self are formed in proximity and/or distanced with others. This conceptualisation of relational identity construction is heavily influenced by Bourdieu's thinking, yet moves beyond habitus as ‘forgotten history' (Bourdieu, 1990: 56) to habitus as ‘foregrounded history'. Finally, I bring my range of theoretical resources together in my analysis of a Community Centre as a ‘contact zone' - a social space where ‘cultures meet, clash, and grapple with each other, often in contexts of highly asymmetrical relations of power' (Pratt, 1991: 34). These momentary exposures do not occur in isolation and are entangled within histories and processes of domination that reach far beyond the moment of contact. Consequently, analysis of this interaction requires bifocality - at once interested in the moment of construction, whilst exploring the contexts within which this moment is located and thus interpreted. In so doing, I highlight the importance of power in the maintenance of structures, whilst allowing the possibility of subversion and resistance within moments of contact.
27
Emond, H. Ruth. "Survival of the skilful : an ethnographic study of two groups of young people in residential care". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/2397.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis is a study of the experiences of young people living together in groups. It uses two children's homes in the north east of Scotland as its research sites. The ways in which data were collected were devised in consultation with the young people involved and required the researcher to 'live-in' th units for a year long period. This thesis concentrates on the ways in which the young people structured their resident groups and gained status and position within them. It argues that fixed roles or positions were not in play; rather there was constant change and fluidity. Young people, it is argued, gained position through a complex set of negotiations which required them to consider their skills and abilities as well as the social context in which they were operating. This inter-relationship supports some of the ideas put forward by Pierre Bourdieu and the conceptual analysis developed during the course of this thesis draws upon his work. The thesis as a whole contributes to the debates both within the study and practice of residential child care and broader sociological debates around children and young people. It illustrates the wide range of skills and knowledge used by the young people thus challenging bully/victim stereotypes and beliefs about the solely 'negative' influence of peers. Furthermore this thesis demonstrates the ways in which young people use their social agency to negotiate around 'adult' influences and controls.
28
Chapman, Rohhss. "The role of the self-advocacy support-worker in UK People First Groups : developing inclusive research". Thesis, Open University, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.424812.
Testo completo
29
ARAUJO, FABIO FRANCISCO DE. "MEANINGS OF LEISURE FOR THE ELDERLY PEOPLE: AN INTERPRETIVE STUDY OF SERESTA AND BALLROOM DANCING GROUPS". PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2015. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=25256@1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Este estudo investiga os significados atribuídos ao lazer por consumidores de Terceira Idade que frequentam grupos de reunião musical e aulas de dança de salão. Especificamente, buscou-se estudar a experiência desses consumidores em atividades de lazer em grupo e de que forma atribuem significado às vivências e às relações sociais e de amizade que ocorrem em espaços sociais de lazer. No contexto desta pesquisa, o consumo de lazer não é visto apenas por seu aspecto utilitário, mas é compreendido a partir de seu conteúdo simbólico, em que os consumidores atribuem significados ao consumo expressando seus valores, estilos de vida, categorias, identidades sociais e projetos coletivos. Ao privilegiar, a dimensão simbólica do consumo sob a perspectiva de marketing, o presente estudo se insere em uma linha de estudos em marketing que se apresenta como CCT – Consumer Culture Theory. Nesse contexto, a presente tese se filia ao paradigma interpretativo, ao partir dos aspectos subjetivos do consumo para perceber as relações dinâmicas das ações de consumidores e os significados socialmente construídos. Para condução do presente estudo, optou-se por utilizar métodos de inspiração etnográfica – a observação participante e as entrevistas em profundidade – buscando fazer parte da experiência vivida pelo idoso para compreender os significados a ela atribuídos. A pesquisa de campo incluiu dois grupos de idosos. O primeiro grupo é um encontro musical de seresta, sendo realizada a observação participante por um período de aproximadamente seis meses. As entrevistas em profundidade foram realizadas com 15 idosos participantes do grupo e com o fundador e líder do grupo. O segundo grupo estudado é voltado para dança de salão. Novamente, foi feita a observação participante durante um período de seis meses e entrevistas em profundidade com 16 idosos participantes. Os registros em diário de campo e as entrevistas foram analisados conjuntamente e permitiram identificar os significados que os idosos associam ao consumo das atividades de lazer analisadas. Realizou-se, inicialmente, uma análise de cada atividade de lazer. Para cada grupo, os significados identificados emergiram das análises. Em seguida, foi feita uma análise cruzada dos resultados obtidos para os dois grupos. Verificou-se que, embora possa haver significados comuns às atividades de lazer, há também significados distintos atribuídos à mesma atividade e a diferentes atividades. Estes resultados sugerem a existência de grande variedade de necessidades por detrás das escolhas de lazer dos idosos. Tais resultados sugerem ainda que a pesquisa sobre lazer de idosos deve levar em conta a heterogeneidade deste grupo de consumidores, evitando trata-los de forma reducionista, como se se tratasse de grupo homogêneo, caracterizado unicamente a partir de suas dificuldades físicas. Já no que se refere à aplicação empresarial, os resultados do estudo sugerem que os consumidores idosos podem ser segmentados a partir de distintos significados atribuídos ao lazer, que parecem traduzir os benefícios buscados por esses consumidores.
This study investigates the meanings of leisure for the elderly people who attend a musical encounter and a ballroom dancing class. Specifically, the study investigates these consumers experience of leisure group activities; and how they extract meaning from these experiences and from the social relationships that occur in these social spaces of leisure. In the context of this research, consumption is not seen only by its utilitarian nature, but it is rather understood in its symbolic aspects, as consumers create meanings in order to express their values, lifestyles, categories, social identities, and collective projects. By focusing on the symbolic dimension of consumption from the marketing perspective, this study is positioned as part of a line of research in marketing known as CCT - Consumer Culture Theory. In this context, this thesis is affiliated to the interpretive paradigm, departing from the subjective aspects of consumption to understand the dynamic relationships between the consumers actions and the social and cultural meanings created. Methods of ethnographic inspiration – participant observation and in-depth interviews – were used to conduct this study. These methods permitted to be part of the leisure experience lived by the elderly as a means of understanding the meanings attributed to the experience. Fieldwork included two groups of elderly people. The first group is a musical encounter group called Seresta. Participant observation covered a six-month period; 15 elderly participants were interviewed in-depth, plus the founder and leader of the group. The second group included the elderly that participated in ballroom dancing classes. Again, participant observation lasted for six months and in-depth interviews were conducted with 16 participants. Fieldnotes and transcripts of the interviews together permitted to extract the meanings assigned by older people to these leisure activities. First, each activity was analyzed separately. For each group, meanings emerged from the analyses. Then a cross-group analysis was performed. The results showed that, despite meanings that are shared by the two leisure activities, each activity showed different meanings, or different nuances of the same meaning, and some of the meanings identified only appeared in one of the activities. These results suggest that there is a great variety of needs behind the leisure choices made by the elderly. In addition, the results indicate that leisure research focusing the elderly should take into account the heterogeneity of this group of consumers, therefore avoiding a reductionist approach that considers the elderly as a homogeneous group based on their physical limitations. As to managerial implications, the results of the study suggest that firms can segment the elderly consumers by the different meanings attributed to leisure, which can be equated to the benefits aimed when choosing their leisure activities.
30
Shapira, Faians Adi. "Social skills learning groups : a case study of young people identified with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder". Thesis, University of Sussex, 2015. http://sro.sussex.ac.uk/id/eprint/54452/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of the current case study was to examine the integration of a social skills learning programme for young people aged 13-18 identified with ADHD and learning difficulties within the framework of a junior and high school in Israel designed for young people identified with ADHD. At the start of this inquiry, the stance of the Israeli Ministry of Education mainly leaned on the medicalised model. During the process of conducting this study, the researcher developed a gradual shift from the medicalised to the social constructivist model as an alternative which considers young people from a holistic view. The study explored three perspectives on the integration of the social skills learning groups within the school: those of the educational staff, the therapeutic staff who facilitated the social skills learning groups and those of the group participants. It also explored how each group perceived the intervention in terms of supporting social skills among young people identified with ADHD. Two groups of students took part. One group comprised seven students from the 7th grade who were in their first year of the intervention and another group comprised seven students from the 9th grade who were in their third year of the four-year programme. The study was conducted using a qualitative methodology from an insider perspective, the researcher being a therapist and facilitator of one of the social skills learning groups. Data were collected by semi-structured interviews with staff members, the researcher's reflective diary and a student questionnaire. The study found that the educational staff's perspective on the social skills learning groups involved a gradual process from difficulty accepting the groups to believing that they played an important role in school provision. A parallel process took place among the therapeutic staff who questioned the groups' definition as a class or as group therapy, which required the therapists to examine their professional identity. This process of self-examination of staff members' professional identity and examination of the other staff members' professional roles influenced the integration of the groups in the school. Overall, the study suggested that interventions focusing on assisting the development of social skills can play an important role in school provision for young people identified with ADHD when they are included as part of the school curriculum. However, in order to successfully embed a therapeutic intervention within a school framework, the study suggested that teachers and therapists should cooperate both professionally and personally to build a new common language toward a common goal.
31
Clark, Ailie. "Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender & questioning young people on the Internet : insights from European focus groups". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22876.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction: This thesis investigates the experiences of young people who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and who are questioning their sexuality (LGBTQ) on the Internet. Specifically, the project explores how LGBTQ young people use the Internet, how they communicate online, the impact that the Internet has on their life and how they stay safe online. Despite the Internet being an ever-growing aspect of people’s lives and the potential opportunities that it presents for marginalised groups such as LGBTQ young people, there have been a relatively small number of qualitative studies in the area. Methodology: As there has been limited research regarding LGBTQ young people’s use of the Internet, a systematic review of qualitative studies exploring the experiences and views of cyberbullying by children and adolescents in the general population was conducted using Framework Synthesis. Subsequently, an empirical study was completed which involved conducting a secondary analysis, using Framework Analysis methodology, of data collected from focus groups with LGBTQ young people regarding their Internet use. In total, five focus groups were held with forty-one LGBTQ young people recruited across four European countries. Results: A total of eighteen studies were included in the qualitative synthesis exploring children and adolescents’ cyberbullying experiences. Although there was some variation in the quality of the studies, there was clear support for four main themes: Online vs. Traditional Bullying Environment, Risk Factors, Victim’s Experience and Preventative Measures. These themes highlighted both the potential causative factors of cyberbullying as well as how the victim experiences different aspects of the incident such as their initial understanding of the event to the long-term impact of cyberbullying. A number of preventative measures were also suggested, including the need for adults to increase their understanding of technology and cyberbullying in order to enable them to be a viable source of help. Within the empirical study, four main themes emerged from the data: Digital World as Part of Daily Life, In Control of Their Online World, Seeking Connection and Navigating Risk. The latter three main themes also consisted of a number of subthemes. The results indicate that participants have embraced the Internet into their everyday lives and that the LGBTQ population reaps specific benefits as the Internet allows them to overcome or compensate for barriers faced within their offline lives. Participants also reported the need to navigate many risks online, however interestingly they appeared confident in doing so and discussed the variety of ways in which they achieve this. Discussion: The results of the qualitative synthesis provided tentative support for two different theoretical models of cyberbullying, indicating that both an individual process model and an ecological system model are mutually useful ways of understanding this phenomenon. Clinical implications spanned both individual and systemic measures that could be taken to reduce the likelihood of cyberbullying occurring. However, it is also clear that further research, in particular qualitative research, is required to continue to develop our understanding of this topic as a whole. The findings from the empirical project suggest that LGBTQ young people must balance the opportunities provided by the Internet whilst also managing the risks that it poses. The importance of retaining the empowerment for young people on the Internet was clear, especially for young LGBTQ people who may use the Internet as an alternative way of meeting their needs and engaging in developmental tasks such as sexual identity development. However, there is also a need to ensure that these young people are safe online and therefore interventions such as parental education and the development of age appropriate resources are required to promote both empowerment and safety for this population.
32
Holder, Sharon M. "Health inequalities amongst older people from ethnic minority groups in Britain : 'sensitivity' of different SES measures". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2011. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/208223/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The United Kingdom (UK) ethnic population is ageing. However, there has been a dearth of research focussing on the ethnic diversity of the older population and the implications for health and health care needs. In fact ‘ageing’ and ‘ethnicity’ are rarely integrated within health research. According to the United Kingdom (UK) 2001 Census, there are over 4.6 million individuals belonging to minority ethnic groups, with a quarter million aged 50 years or over. The ageing of these communities over the next two decades places greater emphasis on the importance of empirical evidence on their health status and the policy implications for health and health care needs. This thesis contributes to our understanding of health, socio-economic status (SES), ethnicity and ageing. The research explores the ‘sensitivity’ of different measures and their appropriateness and validity in assessing health inequalities amongst ethnic minority groups in order to better understand health inequalities in later life. This is a critical issue with widespread policy implications. Using cross-sectional data from Health Survey for England (HSE), with a sample size of 5,086 men and women 50 years and older, different logistic regression models are run for the outcome variables general health and limiting long-standing illness in order to ascertain the ‘sensitivity’ of SES of the different measures of health amongst the different ethnic minority groups. The results suggest that older people from ethnic minority groups are more likely to report bad/very bad’ health compared with the White population. For example, amongst Black Africans the odds of reporting ‘bad/very bad’ health are 1.45 times the odds amongst Whites, amongst Pakistanis the equivalent odds are 1.69 times the odds amongst Whites, amongst Bangladeshi the odds are 2.34 times the odds of Whites, and amongst Chinese people the odds are 2.53 times the odds of Whites. There are distinct patterns in reporting ‘bad/very bad’ health and a LLSI amongst and between ethnic minority men and women aged 50 and over based on SES measures employed in the study. Additionally, behavioural risk factors, that is, smoking and alcohol consumption were significant predictors of reporting ‘bad/very bad’ health and LLSI. Health inequalities have important implications for policy, particularly for health and health care. The research findings would be useful in informing national policies (e.g. health promotion campaigns, housing, occupationally based services, culturally competent health care services) and locally based interventions (e.g. health campaigns for older men and women; health education) would be better targeted at ethnic minority groups of older men and women
33
Whittaker, Lisa S. "Young and unemployed : giving and getting recognition in peer groups and online". Thesis, University of Stirling, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/3604.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Economists have stated that unemployment has a lasting negative effect, particularly on young people. The present research examined the experiences of young people Not in Education, Employment or Training (NEET) in Scotland and the impact being NEET has on their identities. Specifically focussing on how these young people gain recognition and construct a positive sense of self. Three research questions are addressed: (1) how do young people give and receive recognition in their peer group? (2) How do young people engage with the alternative context of an online social networking site in order to give and receive recognition? (3) Are there any disagreements and/or misunderstandings between young people and employers? These questions are examined using three data sets: 16 peer group discussions with a total of 79 young people, 37 Bebo (a social networking site) profiles and questionnaires completed by 33 young people and 29 employers. Analysis of peer group discussions revealed the ways in which young people give and receive recognition and the recognition they feel they are given and denied from others. This highlights the complex transition into work for these young people and their struggle for recognition. For example, trying to balance avoiding ridicule from peers associated with certain jobs with their desire to find a job which will allow them to buy certain things and participate in adult life. Analysis of Bebo profiles revealed that young people make use of the existing structures of recognition within Bebo but also manipulate the site in order to gain further recognition in ways that could not have been predicted. Bebo offers young people the chance to gain recognition for popularity, sexual attractiveness and physical strength in ways which may not be deemed acceptable in everyday offline life. A comparison of the perspectives of young people and employers revealed a number of misunderstandings which hinder their relationship, for example the importance of qualifications. Analysis across these three data sets, and the social contexts they represent, reveals the tensions young people experience as they move between different structures of recognition. The main theoretical contribution of this research is a model of recognition in which the self is caught between different structures of recognition. This model provides an insight into what motivates young people to behave differently in different contexts, based on the perceived and actual recognition available. For example, online social networking provides a space for young people to receive recognition for how much alcohol they can drink, however this is not something they would draw attention to in a work environment. There are two applied contributions: (1) at a practical level, young people would benefit from more work experience placements and positive engagements with employers. (2) Most importantly, alternative structures of recognition are needed which recognise the knowledge and skills that young people do have. Instead of focusing on their weaknesses, we must help them build on their strengths. This would allow all young people to feel valued and more able to create a positive sense of self.
34
Chow, Wai-ling. "Planning for priority groups : a case study of mentally handicapped in Hong Kong /". [Hong Kong] : University of Hong Kong, 1995. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B14802338.
Testo completo
35
Costa, Wedja Josefa Granja. "Socionomy basic systemic: method and management support groups in the organization". Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2007. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3560.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Esta pesquisa apresenta o desenvolvimento e aplicaÃÃo de um mÃtodo de apoio ao diagnÃstico, intervenÃÃo e avaliaÃÃo dos grupos dos gestores para a tomada de decisÃes nas organizaÃÃes, utilizando a Socionomia de base sistÃmica. A base teÃrica da pesquisa foi consubstanciada na teoria de Moreno (1974, 1983, 1984, 1991, 1992, 1994a, 1994b) sobre Psicodrama, Sociodrama e Socionomia e no pensamento sistÃmico e seus mÃtodos, notadamente nos escritos de Vasconcellos (2002), alÃm de contribuiÃÃes de outros autores referenciados na presente pesquisa. Tal fundamentaÃÃo permitiu a sedimentaÃÃo teÃricometodol ÃgicA para a elaboraÃÃo de uma proposta de sistematizaÃÃo do mÃtodo da Socionomia de base sistÃmica, resultado desta pesquisa. A metodologia utilizada constou de estudos exploratÃrios em base bibliogrÃfica e procedimentos de pesquisa aplicada, como forma de elaboraÃÃo e validaÃÃo do mÃtodo. Para validaÃÃo experimental, o mÃtodo foi aplicado sobre uma demanda real em uma empresa de confecÃÃo em Fortaleza, tendo como sujeitos de pesquisa um grupo dos gestores daquela organizaÃÃo. Como resultados, constatouse a exeqÃibilidade do mÃtodo, alÃm de se confirmar ganhos individuais e grupais mediante aplicaÃÃo teÃrica e prÃtica, reflexÃo e aÃÃo, considerando que os mÃtodos socionÃmicos sÃo plasmados nos movimentos dinÃmicos dos grupos organizacionais, em aplicaÃÃes sucessivas, constatando-se a evidente evoluÃÃo do grupo experimental.This research presents the development and application of a support method to diagnosis, intervention and evaluation of management groups for decision making in corporations using Socionomy as a systemic basis. The theoretical basis of the research was consubstantiated in Morenoâs Theory (1974, 1983, 1984, 1991, 1992, 1994a, 1994b) on Psychodrama, Sociodrama e Socionomy and on Systemic Thought and its methods, notably on the works of Vasconcellos (2005) plus contributions from several authors referred on the chapters of the present research. Such fundamenting allowed theoretical and methodological sedimentation to the elaboration of a proposal for the systematization of Socionomyâs method with systemic basis as a result of this research. The methodology used was composed of exploratory studies in bibliographical basis and research procedures applied as a way of elaboration and validation of the method. In order to experimentally validate the method it was applied on a real demand on the confection company in Fortaleza-CE having as subjects of research a group of managers from that organization. As results it was appointed the practicability of the method moreover confirmed the individual and group benefits thought theoretical and practical application, action and reflection baring in mind that the Socionomic methods are based on the dynamic movements of corporate groups, on successive applications presenting the evident evolution of experimental groups.
36
Coon, Sharon K. "An investigation of two groups of registered nurses comparing attitudes toward the elderly and the ability to differentiate signs, symptoms and interventions with dementia and depression in the elderly". Virtual Press, 1992. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/845954.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this study was to compare two groups of nurses's attitudes towards the elderly and the knowledge base of the nurses as to signs, symptoms and interventions with depression and dementia in the elderly. The theoretical framework for this study was Oren's (1985) self-care deficit theory. Attitude was measured using the Koan Attitude Toward Old People Scale (Koan, 1961) and knowledge was measured using a scale developed by (Myton, Allen, and Baldwin, 1991).The population studied was registered nurses working at these state hospitals in a midwestern state and agency nurses from four agencies that provide staff coverage at these hospitals. The convenience sample consisted of state nurses (n=65) and agency nurses (n=38). A cover letter explaining confidentiality and voluntary participation was attached to each survey. Completion of the survey constituted consent to participate in the study. There were no identified risks related to participation in the study.The study did not identify significant differences between groups in any of the variables involving attitude toward the elderly, ability to differentiate signs, symptoms, and interventions for dementia and depression in the elderly. Both groups were able to correctly identify signs, symptoms and interventions for dementia and depression about one-half the time. The treatment modalities are different for dementia and depression. The problem is significant because if signs, symptoms and interventions are not identified correctly the patient will not be assisted toward recovery and self-care may decrease. The recommendation for increased inservice education on gerontological nursing are applicable to both groups.School of Nursing
37
Liu, Jie. "The co-existence of endangered primate species and ethnic groups in southwest China". Kyoto University, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/253136.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
付記する学位プログラム名: 霊長類学・ワイルドライフサイエンス・リーディング大学院Kyoto University (京都大学)
0048
新制・課程博士
博士(理学)
甲第22300号
理博第4614号
新制||理||1662(附属図書館)
京都大学大学院理学研究科生物科学専攻
(主査)教授 平田 聡, 教授 幸島 司郎, 教授 伊谷 原一
学位規則第4条第1項該当
38
Blank, Sarah T. "The robot club : robots as agents to improve the social skills of young people on the autistic spectrum". Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/4407.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
To better understand the difficulties and strengths associated with both high and low functioning individuals with an autistic spectrum disorder (ASD), the hyper-systemising theory has been proposed by Baron-Cohen and colleagues. It explains the social and communication difficulties in autism and Asperger syndrome (AS) by reference to delays and deficits in empathy, whilst explaining the areas of strength by reference to intact or even superior skill in systemising (Baron-Cohen, 2002). The evidence for hypersystemising alongside hypo-empathising in autism, suggests a corresponding desire to systemise the social world. Based on this theory, the use of technology in supporting the development of social and communication skills in children with an ASD is discussed. Technology and computers rely on strict, predictable systems made up of sets of rules that can be programmed, determined and understood. Use of such technology to assist in the development of social skills in an individual with an ASD utilises an existing area of strength and engages a person in an often existing area of interest and/or obsession. This thesis describes an exploratory study using non-humanoid robots with a group of young people with either high-functioning autism (HFA) or AS, which aimed to use robots as a focus of shared attention in a more naturally occurring and systemisable environment; thus promoting more implicit learning of social skills for this clinical group. Ten children attended the ‘robot club’ for eight sessions enabling a design using a series of single case studies pooled together for multiple and individual base line comparisons. The results indicate improvements as rated by parents and the young people themselves (although not by teachers), with some evidence of statistical and clinically significant changes, for example, in communication skills specifically and with general difficulties associated with autism. The results were found to be affected by total number of sessions attended, but not by age or academic functioning. Possible implications of the findings are presented in line with theory and for clinical practise. Limitations of the study are discussed and suggestions for future research made.
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Weaver, Jay R. "The role of missionary radio as a change agent with reference to church planting among unreached people groups". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1988. http://www.tren.com.
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Capstick, Andrea, Alison Dennison, Jan R. Oyebode, Lesley Healy, Claire A. Surr, Sahida Parveen, C. Sass e Michelle Drury. "Drawn from life: Cocreating narrative and graphic vignettes of lived experience with people affected by dementia". Wiley, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18590.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
YesBackground: The growing literature on Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE) and dementia identifies specific problems related to the influence involvement has on research outcomes, over-reliance on family members as proxies, and lack of representation of seldom-heard groups. Adaptations to the PPIE process are therefore needed in order to make possible the involvement of a broader spectrum of people living with dementia. Objective: To adapt the PPIE process in order to make participation in co-creation by people living with dementia accessible and meaningful across a spectrum of cognitive abilities. Design: Narrative elicitation, informal conversation, and observation were used to co-create three vignettes based on PPIE group members’ personal experience of dementia services. Each vignette was produced in both narrative and graphic formats. Participants: Nine people living with dementia and five family members. Results: Using enhanced methods and outreach it was possible to adapt the PPIE process so that not only family members and people with milder cognitive difficulties could participate, but also those with more pronounced cognitive problems whose voices are less often heard. Conclusions: Making creative adaptations is vital in PPIE involving people living with dementia if we wish to develop inclusive forms of PPIE practice. This may, however, raise new ethical issues, which are briefly discussed.
National Institute for Health Research. Grant Number: PR-R10-0514-120006
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Capstick, Andrea, Alison Dennison, Jan R. Oyebode, Lesley Healy, Claire A. Surr, Sahdia Parveen, C. Sass e Michelle Drury. "Drawn from life: Cocreating narrative and graphic vignettes of lived experience with people affected by dementia". Wiley, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/18590.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
YesBackground: The growing literature on Patient and Public Involvement and Engagement (PPIE) and dementia identifies specific problems related to the influence involvement has on research outcomes, over-reliance on family members as proxies, and lack of representation of seldom-heard groups. Adaptations to the PPIE process are therefore needed in order to make possible the involvement of a broader spectrum of people living with dementia. Objective: To adapt the PPIE process in order to make participation in co-creation by people living with dementia accessible and meaningful across a spectrum of cognitive abilities. Design: Narrative elicitation, informal conversation, and observation were used to co-create three vignettes based on PPIE group members’ personal experience of dementia services. Each vignette was produced in both narrative and graphic formats. Participants: Nine people living with dementia and five family members. Results: Using enhanced methods and outreach it was possible to adapt the PPIE process so that not only family members and people with milder cognitive difficulties could participate, but also those with more pronounced cognitive problems whose voices are less often heard. Conclusions: Making creative adaptations is vital in PPIE involving people living with dementia if we wish to develop inclusive forms of PPIE practice. This may, however, raise new ethical issues, which are briefly discussed.
National Institute for Health Research. Grant Number: PR-R10-0514-120006
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Chow, Wai-ling, e 周惠玲. "Planning for priority groups: a case study ofmentally handicapped in Hong Kong". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 1995. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31258815.
Testo completo
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Lilienfeld, Margaret. "The social interaction of an adolescent who uses augmentative and alternative communication the evaluation of a peer training programme /". Pretoria : [s.n.], 2002. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-07212005-093438.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (D. Phil. Communication Pathology)--University of Pretoria, 2002.Summary in English and Afrikaans. Appendices are on a CD-ROM accompanying the print version of the thesis. Includes bibliographical references.
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Kekana, Mamma Olga. "Perceived barriers to participation in HIV support groups among people living with HIV and AIDS at Katlehong township South Africa". Thesis, University of Limpopo (Medunsa Campus), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10386/399.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (MPH)--University of Limpopo, 2011.Background: Support groups are an informal resource that attempts to provide healing components to a variety of problems and challenges. An informal support outside of family, friends, or professionals often provides greater understanding, more similarity (from individuals experiencing similar life events), an opportunity for empathy and altruism, and a sense of identity for participants. Learning new ways to handle challenges, cope with changes, and maintain new behaviors are all important aspects of the support group experience. Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine what HIV positive people perceive as barriers to participate in HIV support groups. Methods: This was a quantitative study design using structured questionnaires on 248 participants who gave written consents to participate in the study. Results: Majority were female 63% participants, single (52.63%), unemployed (60%), between ages 31-40 and 52.02% attained secondary education. Participants who were currently on HIV treatment (prophylaxis and ARV) has attended HIV support groups before while participants who were not on any treatment have never attended HIV support groups. Participants who never attended HIV support group also never attended other support groups. The main reasons that participants gave for not attending in HIV support groups was that they are concerned about their privacy and HIV status being known by others. Barriers preventing attendance of HIV support group were support groups are hard to find, work schedules and lack of transport money.
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Chou, Cynthia. "Money, magic and fear : identity and exchange amongst the Orang Suku Laut (sea nomads) and other groups of Riau and Batam, Indonesia". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/230199.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The central focus of my thesis is the symbolism of money and the power it holds in the Riau archipelago and Batam of Indonesia to affect the nature of social relationships. These social relationships in turn affect the different forms of exchange that take place in the archipelago. In particular, I am exploring the meaning and moral implications of monetary and commercial exchanges in contrast to exchanges of other kinds that take place between the Orang Suku Laut and other Malay and non-Malay communities. The Orang Suku Laut are regarded as the Orang asli Melayu (indigenous Malays) of Riau. Yet in the interaction between the Malays and Orang Suku Laut, there exists much fear between them with constant accusations of being poisoned and harmed by one and the other through practices of magic and witchcraft. This stems from the Malays' perception of the Orang Suku Laut as a "dangerous, dirty and unprogressive people. " The Orang Suku Laut are regarded as preferring a life of nomadism, and one without a religious orientation towards Islam, as opposed to a life of sedentism guided by the Islamic religion. This thesis explores how this self and other perceptions which have shaped the image of the Orang Suku Laut, have become enmeshed in the exchange economy of the Orang Suku Laut and the Malays.
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Moreman, Jacob Bradley Lau Tin-Man. "Guidelines to change the cultural paradigms of designers toward third world people groups though missiology to influence furniture design". Auburn, Ala., 2005. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2005%20Fall/Thesis/MOREMAN_JACOB_19.pdf.
Testo completo
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Wojcik, Joanne D. "Clinical Characteristics of People in Randomized Clinical Trials of First Episode Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: Attrition versus Non-Attrition Groups". Thesis, Boston College, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/1031.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis advisor: Judith Shindul-RothschildClinical Characteristics Of People In Randomized Clinical Trials Of First Episode Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorders: Attrition Versus Non-Attrition Groups Submitted by Joanne D. Wojcik PhD, RN Dissertation Advisor Judith Shindul-Rothschild, PhD, RN Abstract Background: Early identification of psychosis and intensive treatment has been the focus of the treatment of people with a first episode (FE) schizophrenia spectrum disorder (SSD). Attrition rates in studies of people in the first episode are high, which makes it difficult to understand the meaning of the study outcomes. High attrition rates affect the validity of a study by decreasing its power and the study's ability to detect differences between treatment groups. Additionally, the people who leave a study may be different from those who stay in demographic, illness and treatment characteristics. Method: This study is a secondary analysis of a group of FE SSD participants enrolled in one of three separate double-blind, randomized, drug trials. The variables were first analyzed across the three drug study data sets to determine if the patient populations are comparable across the three studies to allow for the merging of the data. Exploratory and descriptive statistics of study participants were conducted in a comparison of the three studies, for the merged group, and for the attrition and non-attrition groups. Effect sizes (Cohen's d) were calculated for each variable in the individual studies and in the merged dataset for the magnitude of difference between the attrition and non-attrition groups. Results: The three studies were merged after analysis found no consistent difference in demographic and illness characteristics between the three studies. There was no significant difference between the attrition and non-attrition groups in the merged data in demographic and illness characteristics. Treatment characteristics consistently found lack of efficacy and patient withdrawal of consent to be the two most frequent reasons for attrition from the studies. In addition, participants receiving a typical agent were less likely to complete the study. Effect size calculations found attrition group to more likely be Caucasian, with a lower median income. The attrition group had more years of education, but was not in school in the year previous to hospitalization. Conclusion: Historically, attrition is a major problem in clinical trials of people in a first episode of schizophrenia spectrum disorders. People receiving typical antipsychotic medication are more likely to leave a study. Most common reasons for attrition include lack of efficacy and withdrawal of consent
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2009
Submitted to: Boston College. Connell School of Nursing
Discipline: Nursing
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Page, Bobby Vincent. "Small groups a strategy for ministry with young single adults in the United States Air Force /". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2005. http://www.tren.com.
Testo completo
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Jordan, Richard Wayne. "Building people and teams for effective ministry at the Pitman Creek Church of Christ". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 2001. http://www.tren.com.
Testo completo
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Gay, Larry N. "Developing a strategic plan for the initial engagement of the last unreached people groups in the Western South America region". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN) Access this title online, 2004. http://www.tren.com.
Testo completo