Bibliografie tematiche / Imperial Maritime Customs

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Imperial Maritime Customs"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 25 maggio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Imperial Maritime Customs":

Liu, Chang. "China-Korea Maritime Trade of Modern Times in the China Imperial Maritime Customs Material`". CHUNGGUKSA YONGU (The Journal of Chinese Historical Researches) 109 (31 agosto 2017): 93–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.24161/chr.109.93.

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Harris, Lane J. "Britain’s Imperial Cornerstone in China: The Chinese Maritime Customs Service, 1854–1949 (review)". China Review International 13, n. 2 (2007): 366–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cri.2008.0000.

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Horowitz, Richard S. "The Ambiguities of an Imperial Institution: Crisis and Transition in the Chinese Maritime Customs, 1899–1911". Journal of Imperial and Commonwealth History 36, n. 2 (giugno 2008): 275–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03086530802180825.

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TSAI, WEIPIN. "The Qing Empire's Last Flowering: The expansion of China's Post Office at the turn of the twentieth century". Modern Asian Studies 49, n. 3 (6 marzo 2015): 895–930. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x15000013.

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AbstractThe Great Qing Imperial Post Office was set up in 1896, soon after the First Sino-Japanese War. It provided the first national postal service for the general public in the whole of Chinese history, and was a symbol of China's increasing engagement with the rest of the globe. Much of the preparation for the launch was carried out by the high-ranking foreign staff of the Chinese Maritime Customs Service, an influential institution established after the first Opium War.With a mission to promote modernization and project Qing power, the Imperial Post Office was established with a centrally controlled set of unified methods and procedures, and its success was rooted in integration with the new railway network, a strategy at the heart of its ambitious plans for expansion. This article explores the history of this postal expansion through railways, the use of which allowed its creators to plan networks in an integrated way—from urban centres on the coasts and great rivers through to China's interior.

Chang, Chihyun. "Sir Robert Hart and the Writing of Modern Chinese History". International Journal of Asian Studies 17, n. 2 (luglio 2020): 109–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1479591420000200.

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AbstractThis article examines the conflicts in writing the imperial modern history of China among various stakeholders, particularly Chinese and American historians, and their dealing with a set of personal documents of Sir Robert Hart, Inspector-General of the Chinese Maritime Customs Services (CMCS) during the Qing period. This set of documents is called “Hart Industry” and contains Hart's personal papers and seventy-seven volumes of diaries, among others. Revealing the imperial Inspector-General's view on “westernization” in modern China, the Hart Industry played a key role in the development of the history of modern China throughout the twentieth century. From around 1957 until 1995, the diaries became a source of a highly politicized academic debate between Chinese Communist historians of the People's Republic of China and western historians of the Hart Industry. By providing a “study of studies” on the historiography of the colonial modern history of China, this article argues that the Hart diaries were critical to historians’ understanding of their own academic discourse.

HOROWITZ, RICHARD S. "Politics, Power and the Chinese Maritime Customs: the Qing Restoration and the Ascent of Robert Hart". Modern Asian Studies 40, n. 3 (luglio 2006): 549–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x06002113.

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On 6 November 1865, Robert Hart, the 30-year-old Inspector General (I.G.) of the Imperial Maritime Customs Service, presented to his supervisors in the Zongli Yamen, the Qing Empire's new foreign office, a long memorandum critiquing Chinese administrative practices and offering suggestions for improvement. He criticized corruption and inefficiency at all levels of government, called for tax reform, greater specialization and better technical education of officials, improving contacts with the outside world, and promoting foreign methods and technology. The memorandum, written in Chinese, was entitled the ‘Bystander's View’ (juwai pangguan lun). A few months later it was submitted by the Zongli Yamen to the throne, and together with a similar tract by British diplomat Thomas Wade, distributed to senior Qing officials for comment. It had little impact at the time. But forty years later, when the Empress Dowager Cixi reportedly told the author that she wished she had followed his advice, it became a foundation stone of the mythology of Robert Hart, a symbol of the failure of the Qing court to take full advantage of the Portadown native's wisdom. Hart's premise, encapsulated in the title, was that as an outsider to the Qing system he could see problems that insiders could not. ‘The true face of Mount Lu can only be seen in its entirety by one who stands away from it.’ But the memorandum, for all of its notoriety, was uncharacteristic of Hart.

Nish, Ian. "Politics, Trade and Communications in East Asia: Thoughts on Anglo-Russian Relations, 1861–1907". Modern Asian Studies 21, n. 4 (ottobre 1987): 667–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x00009276.

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As Britain saw it, trade was not the prime motivating force for Russian expansion in east Asia or, put another way, the Russian frontiersmen were not driven by the actual amount of their trade there or its future potentialities. While Russia was primarily concerned with the tea trade over land frontiers, Britain was concerned with the seaborne commerce of China. The customs revenue paid to China in the year 1894 worked out as follows:Judging from the returns of the Chinese Imperial Maritime Customs Organization, British ships carried 83.5% of China's total trade. But Britain's commercial dominance affected her political stance because she wanted to preserve China's stability for most of the second half of the nineteenth century. This was at the root of the political tensions between Britain and Russia which emerged in China after 1860 and especially those which derived from the spate of railway building which took place from 1890 onwards. It would be foolish to deny that intense rivalry did exist in the area from time to time or that detailed observations of the actions of the one were regularly conducted by the other—what we should now call ‘intelligence operations’. But what I shall suggest in this paper is that, despite all the admitted antagonism and suspicion between Britain and Russia in east Asia, Britain regularly made efforts to reach accommodations with Russia in north-east Asia.

TSAI, WEIPIN. "Breaking the Ice: The establishment of overland winter postal routes in the late Qing China". Modern Asian Studies 47, n. 6 (22 luglio 2013): 1749–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0026749x13000012.

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AbstractThis paper looks at the establishment of experimental winter overland postal routes in the late 1870s and 1880s, which eventually led to the creation of the Great Qing Imperial Post Office in 1896. The history of this experiment sheds much light on important issues in the establishment of what was to become the country's most crucial information-bearing network, in particular those related to collaboration and negotiation between foreign and Chinese officials, and those between local interests and the central authorities. It also explores how foreign processes and management had to be adapted in order to function in a Chinese context.In March 1878, Robert Hart, inspector general of the Chinese Maritime Customs Service, instructed Gustav Detring, commissioner of Tianjin Port, to investigate the possibility of introducing overland public postal routes in China, beginning with Beijing to Tianijn, Niuzhuang, Yantai, and then to Zhenjiang, a treaty port on the lower Yangtze River.The three main challenges involved were: to establish a reliable workforce, to design appropriate routes, and to win the cooperation of local governing officials. Although the winter service was initiated on time, problems repeatedly arose from each one of these challenges.

HOROWITZ, RICHARD S. "Britain's Imperial Cornerstone in China: The Chinese Maritime Customs Service, 1854–1949. DONNA BRUNERO. London and New York: Routledge, 2006. xiv + 200 pp. £65.00. ISBN 0-415-32619-2." China Quarterly 189 (marzo 2007): 226–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0305741006001184.

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Forman, Ross G. "PEKING PLOTS: FICTIONALIZING THE BOXER REBELLION OF 1900". Victorian Literature and Culture 27, n. 1 (marzo 1999): 19–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1060150399271021.

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“A handful of foreigners have shown China what they can do against murderous thousands, and it only remains for the Powers to stamp the lesson deeper, and exact punishment for the guilty and full compensation for losses sustained.”— W. Murray Graydon, The Perils of Pekin (1904)“To find something akin in its savage barbarity you must go back to Lucknow, where a mixed multitude shut up in the Residency were holding out against fearful odds in expectation of relief by Havelock’s Highlanders, resolved to perish of starvation rather than surrender, for the fate of Cawnpore stared them in the face. “It adds point to this parallel to remember that the Tartar rulers of China are cousin german to the Great Moghul who headed the Sepoy Mutiny. “It was some excuse for the King of Delhi that he was seeking to regain his throne. No such apology can be offered for the Empress Dowager of China. She has made war not without provocation, but wholly unjustifiable, on all nations of the civilized world.”— W. A. P. Martin, The Siege in Peking (1900)THIS ESSAY REVIEWS THE LITERARY PRODUCTION — primarily adventure novels, and several of them bestsellers — centered around the events of the 1900 Boxer Rebellion, in which a Chinese “secret society,” with the collusion of certain Manchu authorities, carried out a systematic attempt to annihilate all Westerners and “native Christians” living in China.1 The Boxers, so-called because their “superstitious” practices looked like magic boxing, swept across North China from the spring of 1900, eventually throwing much of the imperial capital of Peking (Beijing) into confusion.2 Forced to hole up in the Legations and other barricaded areas, the Westerners of the region joined forces under largely British leadership and fought against incredible odds to protect themselves, holding out until an international resistance force, led by the British, rescued them fifty-five days later, and the Rebellion subsided.3 Important as a turning point in Chinese international relations and as a mark of the increasing weakness of the central authority of the Middle Kingdom, the Boxer Rebellion served an even more important function with regard to British conceptualizations of the empire in its formal and informal forms. It threw into question non-interventionist trade strategies and underscored the tenuous nature of imperial authority both in formal colonies such as India (where fledgling nationalist movements were evolving) and in areas bordering on these formal colonies and largely dominated through foreign authority. (The central Chinese government, for instance, though not dependent on imports and loans to any great degree, at this point gathered all of its significant income from the British-led Imperial Maritime Customs Service.)

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Tesi sul tema "Imperial Maritime Customs":

Feng, Jingyuan. "La présence de la Chine aux Expositions universelles françaises de 1855 à 1937". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021SORUL089.

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À leur apogée, les Expositions universelles ou internationales, marques des processus de mondialisation et de modernisation, ne manquaient pas une participation chinoise de multi-forme et multi-niveau dans le principal pays organisateur, la France. L’étude de la présence chinoise suit chronologiquement ces grandes manifestations déroulées à Paris, cas par cas, durant près d’un siècle. Les représentations traitées évoluaient avec le temps, selon le contexte international, la relation franco-chinoise et le régime politique. La question d’éclairer les faits et de préciser les limites de la place de ce pays aux Expositions universelles françaises se situe à l’origine de la présente étude. À la fin de la dynastie, des Douanes maritimes impériales sous la direction des étrangers influençaient fortement les procédures d’organisation. Témoins de la mutation de la vie économique, des pavillons nationaux à Paris dévoilaient tant le déséquilibre de la répartition géographique de commerce que la disparité de la structure industrielle dans ce pays. De manière parallèle, des manifestations culturelles et artistiques présentaient une continuité survivant aux changements. De plus, l’analyse de ces participations permet d’examiner l’éventuelle capacité de se présenter sur l’échiquier international, ainsi que d’évaluer de premiers efforts d’industrialisation chinoise. Cette thèse a pour ambition de dresser un bilan des participations chinoises en France, afin de contribuer à l’un des aspects de l’histoire des expositions de la Chine moderne
In their heyday, the World’s fairs, landmarks of the processes of globalization and modernization, did not lack a Chinese participation of multiform and multi-level in the main organizing country, France. The study of the Chinese presence follows chronologically these great events held in Paris, case by case, for nearly a century. The representations treated evolved with time, according to the international context, the Franco-Chinese relationship and the political regime. The question of clarifying the facts and specifying the limits of the place of this country in the French World’s fairs is the origin of the present study. At the end of the dynasty, imperial maritime customs under the direction of foreigners strongly influenced the organizational procedures. Witnessing the mutation of economic life, national pavilions in Paris revealed both the imbalance of the geographical distribution of trade and the disparity of the industrial structure in this country. At the same time, cultural and artistic events presented a continuity that survived the changes. Moreover, the analysis of these participations allows us to examine the possible capacity to present itself on the international scene, as well as to evaluate the first efforts of Chinese industrialization. This thesis aims to draw up an assessment of Chinese participations in France, in order to contribute to one aspect of the history of exhibitions in modern China

Chen, Ling-chieh, e 陳令杰. "Chinese Maritime Customs Service and the Establishment of Chinese Imperial Post in Late Qing, 1878-1911". Thesis, 2012. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/78771758857595777531.

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Libri sul tema "Imperial Maritime Customs":

Brunero, Donna. Britain's Imperial Cornerstone in China: The Chinese Maritime Customs Service, 1854-1949. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2005.

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Brunero, Donna. Britain's imperial cornerstone in China: The Chinese maritime customs service, 1854-1949. New York, NY: Routledge, 2006.

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Hamashita, Takeshi. Trade and finance in late imperial China: Maritime customs and open port market zones. Singapore: NUS Press, 2012.

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Hart, Robert. Archives of China's Imperial Maritime Customs Confidential Correspondence between Robert Hart and James Duncan Campbell, 1874-1907. Beijing: Foreign Languages Press, 1990.

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Archives of China's Imperial Maritime Customs: Confidential Correspondence. Foreign Languages Press, 1994.

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Brunero, Donna. Britain's Imperial Cornerstone in China: The Chinese Maritime Customs Service, 1854-1949. Taylor & Francis Group, 2004.

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Brunero, Donna. Britain's Imperial Cornerstone in China: The Chinese Maritime Customs Service, 1854-1949. Taylor & Francis Group, 2006.

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Brunero, Donna. Britain's Imperial Cornerstone in China: The Chinese Maritime Customs Service, 1854-1949. Taylor & Francis Group, 2006.

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Brunero, Donna. Britain's Imperial Cornerstone in China: The Chinese Maritime Customs Service, 1854-1949. Taylor & Francis Group, 2004.

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Brunero, Donna. Britain's Imperial Cornerstone in China: The Chinese Maritime Customs Service, 1854-1949. Taylor & Francis Group, 2006.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Imperial Maritime Customs":

Villalta Puig, Stephanie. "Treaty Ports and the Medical Geography of China: Imperial Maritime Customs Service Approaches to Climate and Disease". In Life in Treaty Port China and Japan, 107–35. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7368-7_5.

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"The Imperial Maritime Customs". In Present Day Political Organization of China, 100–105. Routledge, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780203641712-31.

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"Foreigners’ Positions in Imperial Maritime Customs". In Robert Hart and China’s Early Modernization, 413–14. BRILL, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/9781684172948_013.

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Chang, Chihyun. "Empires and Continuity: The Chinese Maritime Customs Service in East Asia, 1950–1955". In Overcoming Empire In Post-Imperial East Asia. Bloomsbury Academic, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350127081.ch-009.

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Monserrati, Michele. "Cosmopolitan Possibilities in Translation: Views from the Russo-Japanese War". In Searching for Japan, 37–84. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789621075.003.0002.

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Chapter 1 considers three texts revolving around the events of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904-05, first examining the diary/novel of Italian-born Daniele Pecorini, who travelled in Korea and Japan as British Commissioner of the Imperial Maritime Customs Service, before turning to a compilation of Luigi Barzini Sr.’s dispatches from Manchuria and Tokyo written for Corriere della Sera, Italy’s premier newspaper. Finally, a third section of this chapter delves into the travel account by the “Baronessa di Villaurea,” who visited Japan after the end of the hostilities. The reading of the baronessa’s travelogue introduces the perspective of gender and social class to the chapter.

Travers, Robert. "British India as a Problem in Political Economy: Comparing James Steuart and Adam Smith". In Lineages of Empire. British Academy, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.5871/bacad/9780197264393.003.0006.

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The consolidation of political economy as a distinct branch of the science of politics was simultaneous with the expansion and diversification of the overseas British Empire. This new political economy was often regarded as distant from the enterprise of imperial expansion. Political economists criticized the mercantile system of restricted colonial trades and monopoly corporations. This chapter discusses the political economy in relation to the imperial politics in India. It takes into focus the problems of imperial politics in India, the first of which was that the East India Company’s growing empire barely fitted into the notions of a British ‘empire of liberty’ which was perceived to be ‘commercial, Protestant, maritime, and free’; and the second was the British ignorance of and lack of sympathy for local customs and manners. In the chapter, the British theorists James Steuart and Adam Smith are closely examined. Both addressed the emerging empire of British India as a dilemma in political economy. Their thinking on Indian affairs posed challenges to the Company rule in India, but at the same time offered theoretical and conceptual resources for the unpopular Company government.

Atti di convegni sul tema "Imperial Maritime Customs":

Chen, Lilan. "A reinforcement learning model for the knowledge graph of imperial Guangdong maritime customs archival translation". In Second International Conference on Informatics, Networking, and Computing (ICINC 2023), a cura di Yonghua Li, Hanbing Yao e Xing Liu. SPIE, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.3024790.

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