Articoli di riviste: "Immunity-Related genes"

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Christophides, George K., Evgeny Zdobnov, Carolina Barillas-Mury, Ewan Birney, Stephanie Blandin, Claudia Blass, Paul T. Brey et al. "Immunity-Related Genes and Gene Families inAnopheles gambiae". Science 298, n. 5591 (4 ottobre 2002): 159–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.1077136.

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Trowsdale, John, e Peter Parham. "Mini-review: Defense strategies and immunity-related genes". European Journal of Immunology 34, n. 1 (gennaio 2004): 7–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eji.200324693.

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Bhanja, S. K., M. Sudhagar, A. Goel, N. Pandey, M. Mehra, S. K. Agarwal e A. Mandal. "Differential expression of growth and immunity related genes influenced by in ovo supplementation of amino acids in broiler chickens". Czech Journal of Animal Science 59, No. 9 (1 ottobre 2014): 399–408. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/7651-cjas.

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The present study was aimed at investigating the role of in ovo administered amino acids: lysine, arginine, threonine or methionine plus cysteine (Met+Cys) in 14-day embryos on expression profile of growth (chicken growth hormone (cGH), insulin like growth factors (IGF) I and II, and mucin) and immunity related genes (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-12, TNF-α, and IFN-γ). On incubation day (ID) 18, higher (P < 0.01) cGH and mucin gene expression was observed in lysine, threonine, arginine or Met+Cys injected embryos, while IGF-II expression was higher in threonine, arginine or Met+Cys injected embryos on ID 20. Expression of growth genes was down regulated (P < 0.01) on day of hatch in most of the amino acids injected chicks. On day 7 post-hatch (PH), threonine or arginine exhibited higher expression of cGH, IGF-I, and IGF-II but higher mucin gene expression only on day 14 PH. Threonine or Met+Cys injected birds had higher expression of IL-6 and TNF-α, while arginine injected birds had higher TNF-α expression. Lysine, threonine or Met+Cys injected birds had higher IL-2, but lower of IL-12 and IFN-γ gene expression. It is concluded that arginine and threonine enhanced the expression of growth related genes, while threonine and Met+Cys modulated expression of immune genes in broiler chickens.  

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Musilova, P., S. Kubickova, L. Vychodilova-Krenkova, P. Kralik, J. Matiasovic, D. Hubertova, J. Rubes e P. Horin. "Cytogenetic mapping of immunity-related genes in the domestic horse". Animal Genetics 36, n. 6 (25 luglio 2005): 507–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2052.2005.01348.x.

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Suárez-Calvet, X., E. Gallardo, G. Nogales-Gadea, M. Navas, L. Querol, J. Diaz-Manera, R. Rojas-Garcia e I. Illa. "P.14.1 Dysregulation of innate immunity-related genes in Dermatomyositis". Neuromuscular Disorders 23, n. 9-10 (ottobre 2013): 813. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nmd.2013.06.609.

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Kukkonen, Mari K., Tapio Vehmas, Päivi Piirilä e Ari Hirvonen. "Genes involved in innate immunity associated with asbestos-related fibrotic changes". Occupational and Environmental Medicine 71, n. 1 (4 ottobre 2013): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2013-101555.

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Longhi, Maria Serena, Marta Vuerich, Na Wang, Ahmadreza Kalbasi, Alan C. Moss, Adam S. Cheifetz e Simon C. Robson. "Unconjugated bilirubin modulates Th17-cell immunity by curbing glycolysis-related genes". Journal of Immunology 206, n. 1_Supplement (1 maggio 2021): 109.02. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.206.supp.109.02.

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Abstract Unconjugated bilirubin (UCB) controls Th17-cell function by upregulating the ectonucleotidase CD39 and through activation of aryl-hydrocarbon-receptor (AhR), a modulator of adaptive immunity. UCB-induced CD39 upregulation is defective in Th17-cells of Crohn’s disease (CD) patients. Increasing evidence suggests a role for AhR in regulating glucose metabolism. In this study we tested whether UCB modulates Th17-cell metabolism and whether impaired Th17-cell response to UCB results in metabolic alterations in CD. Th17-cells were differentiated from circulating CD4-cells of 31 healthy controls (HC) and 22 CD patients. Using a multiplex gene expression panel including genes of 8 metabolic pathways, we found that UCB markedly downregulated glycolysis-related genes, particularly phosphoglycerate-kinase-1 (PGK1) and aldolase-A (ALDOA); this effect being prominent in Th17-cells derived from HC but not from CD patients. Reduced Pgk1 and AldoA was also noted in mesenteric-lymph-nodes of mice exposed to dextran-sulfate-sodium-induced colitis and treated with UCB. Functionally, UCB decreased the extracellular-acidification-rate and oxygen-consumption-rate of HC Th17-cells, while this effect was not noted in Th17-cells of CD patients. In vitro silencing of PGK1 and ALDOA further enhanced UCB immunoregulatory properties in HC Th17-cells, by boosting CD39 and Tim-3 while containing IL-17. In conclusion, UCB modulates Th17-cell immunity by downregulating glycolysis-related genes; this property being defective in cells obtained from CD patients. Strategies aimed at blocking/inhibiting glycolytic genes might represent a potential therapeutic tool to restore immune homeostasis in CD and other inflammatory conditions.

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Cai, Weiwei, Sheng Yang, Ruijie Wu, Yutong Zheng, Shicong He, Lei Shen, Deyi Guan e Shuilin He. "CaSWC4 regulates the immunity-thermotolerance tradeoff by recruiting CabZIP63/CaWRKY40 to target genes and activating chromatin in pepper". PLOS Genetics 18, n. 2 (28 febbraio 2022): e1010023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pgen.1010023.

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Pepper (Capsicum annuum) responds differently to high temperature stress (HTS) and Ralstonia solanacearum infection (RSI) but employs some shared transcription factors (TFs), such as CabZIP63 and CaWRKY40, in both cases. How the plant activates and balances these distinct responses, however, was unclear. Here, we show that the protein CaSWC4 interacts with CaRUVBL2 and CaTAF14b and they all act positively in pepper response to RSI and thermotolerance. CaSWC4 activates chromatin of immunity or thermotolerance related target genes of CaWRKY40 or CabZIP63 by promoting deposition of H2A.Z, H3K9ac and H4K5ac, simultaneously recruits CabZIP63 and CaWRKY40 through physical interaction and brings them to their targets (immunity- or thermotolerance-related genes) via binding AT-rich DNA element. The above process relies on the recruitment of CaRUVBL2 and TAF14 by CaSWC4 via physical interaction, which occurs at loci of immunity related target genes only when the plants are challenged with RSI, and at loci of thermotolerance related target genes only upon HTS. Collectively, our data suggest that CaSWC4 regulates rapid, accurate responses to both RSI and HTS by modulating chromatin of specific target genes opening and recruiting the TFs, CaRUVBL2 and CaTAF14b to the specific target genes, thereby helping achieve the balance between immunity and thermotolerance.

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Baghoum, Hend, Hend Alahmed, Mahmood Hachim, Abiola Senok, Nour Jalaleddine e Saba Al Heialy. "Simulated Microgravity Influences Immunity-Related Biomarkers in Lung Cancer". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 24, n. 1 (21 dicembre 2022): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms24010155.

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Microgravity is a novel strategy that may serve as a complementary tool to develop future cancer therapies. In lung cancer, the influence of microgravity on cellular processes and the migratory capacity of cells is well addressed. However, its effect on the mechanisms that drive lung cancer progression remains in their infancy. In this study, 13 differentially expressed genes were shown to be associated with the prognosis of lung cancer under simulated microgravity (SMG). Using gene set enrichment analysis, these genes are enriched in humoral immunity pathways. In lieu, alveolar basal-epithelial (A549) cells were exposed to SMG via a 2D clinostat system in vitro. In addition to morphology change and decrease in proliferation rate, SMG reverted the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) phenotype of A549, a key mechanism in cancer progression. This was evidenced by increased epithelial E-cadherin expression and decreased mesenchymal N-cadherin expression, hence exhibiting a less metastatic state. Interestingly, we observed increased expression of FCGBP, BPIFB, F5, CST1, and CFB and their correlation to EMT under SMG, rendering them potential tumor suppressor biomarkers. Together, these findings reveal new opportunities to establish novel therapeutic strategies for lung cancer treatment.

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Rowe, Melissah, Emma Whittington, Kirill Borziak, Mark Ravinet, Fabrice Eroukhmanoff, Glenn-Peter Sætre e Steve Dorus. "Molecular Diversification of the Seminal Fluid Proteome in a Recently Diverged Passerine Species Pair". Molecular Biology and Evolution 37, n. 2 (30 ottobre 2019): 488–506. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/molbev/msz235.

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Abstract Seminal fluid proteins (SFPs) mediate an array of postmating reproductive processes that influence fertilization and fertility. As such, it is widely held that SFPs may contribute to postmating, prezygotic reproductive barriers between closely related taxa. We investigated seminal fluid (SF) diversification in a recently diverged passerine species pair (Passer domesticus and Passer hispaniolensis) using a combination of proteomic and comparative evolutionary genomic approaches. First, we characterized and compared the SF proteome of the two species, revealing consistencies with known aspects of SFP biology and function in other taxa, including the presence and diversification of proteins involved in immunity and sperm maturation. Second, using whole-genome resequencing data, we assessed patterns of genomic differentiation between house and Spanish sparrows. These analyses detected divergent selection on immunity-related SF genes and positive selective sweeps in regions containing a number of SF genes that also exhibited protein abundance diversification between species. Finally, we analyzed the molecular evolution of SFPs across 11 passerine species and found a significantly higher rate of positive selection in SFPs compared with the rest of the genome, as well as significant enrichments for functional pathways related to immunity in the set of positively selected SF genes. Our results suggest that selection on immunity pathways is an important determinant of passerine SF composition and evolution. Assessing the role of immunity genes in speciation in other recently diverged taxa should be prioritized given the potential role for immunity-related proteins in reproductive incompatibilities in Passer sparrows.

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Xie, Xuze, Mengtian Pei, Shan Liu, Xinxiao Wang, Shanshan Gong, Jing Chen, Ye Zhang, Zonghua Wang, Guodong Lu e Ya Li. "Comprehensive Analysis of Autophagy-Related Genes in Rice Immunity against Magnaporthe oryzae". Plants 13, n. 7 (22 marzo 2024): 927. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants13070927.

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Rice blast disease, caused by the fungus Magnaporthe oryzae, is a significant threat to rice production. Resistant cultivars can effectively resist the invasion of M. oryzae. Thus, the identification of disease-resistant genes is of utmost importance for improving rice production. Autophagy, a cellular process that recycles damaged components, plays a vital role in plant growth, development, senescence, stress response, and immunity. To understand the involvement of autophagy-related genes (ATGs) in rice immune response against M. oryzae, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of 37 OsATGs, including bioinformatic analysis, transcriptome analysis, disease resistance analysis, and protein interaction analysis. Bioinformatic analysis revealed that the promoter regions of 33 OsATGs contained cis-acting elements responsive to salicylic acid (SA) or jasmonic acid (JA), two key hormones involved in plant defense responses. Transcriptome data showed that 21 OsATGs were upregulated during M. oryzae infection. Loss-of-function experiments demonstrated that OsATG6c, OsATG8a, OsATG9b, and OsATG13a contribute to rice blast resistance. Additionally, through protein interaction analysis, we identified five proteins that may interact with OsATG13a and potentially contribute to plant immunity. Our study highlights the important role of autophagy in rice immunity and suggests that OsATGs may enhance resistance to rice blast fungus through the involvement of SA, JA, or immune-related proteins. These findings provide valuable insights for future efforts in improving rice production through the identification and utilization of autophagy-related genes.

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Kalra, Amit, Poonam Dharmani-Khan, Stuti Patel, Rehan Mujeeb Faridi, Victor A. Lewis, Andrew Daly, Adnan Mansoor, Meer-Taher Shabani-Rad, Jan Storek e Faisal M. Khan. "Early Prediction of Moderate-Severe Chronic GvHD By Immunity Related Transcriptome". Blood 132, Supplement 1 (29 novembre 2018): 70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2018-99-119926.

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Abstract Introduction:Graft versus host disease (GvHD) is the most common and debilitating complication of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Among the two clinically significant forms, moderate-severe chronic GvHD (cGvHD) is more difficult to treat than grade 2-4 acute GvHD (aGvHD). Chronic GvHD rarely shows a sustained complete response to immunosuppressive drugs and non-responders either die or suffer long-term. However, if an early and accurate prediction of ensuing cGvHD is posiible, then the high risk patients can be identified and treated preemptively. In the present investigation, we retrospectively analyzed the transcriptome of immunity related genes at one month post-transplant with the aim to identify a potential early and accurate predictor of clinically significant cGvHD. Methods:A cohort of 73 HLA matched first allogeneic HCT recipients with moderate-severe cGvHD (n = 31) and no chronic GvHD (n = 42) were included in the study. All patients received similar myeloablative conditioning regimens along with 4.5 mg/kg antithymocyte globulin as GvHD prophylaxis. The diagnosis of cGvHD was based on National Institutes of Health consensus criteria and median day of diagnosis in our cohort was 126 days. Total RNA was extracted from cryopreserved peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMNCs) at one month post-transplant. Gene expression CodeSet profiling of 594 immunity related genes including 15 internal reference genes was performed using Nano string Technology Immunology panel. Differential gene expression and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analyses was performed using R statistical packages and GraphPad PRISM software. Benjamini Hochberg procedure was used to calculate the P value and the false discovery rate (FDR). Differentially expressed genes with a Benjamini Hochberg P value (BHP) of <0.05 and FDR of <0.01 were considered significant. Cumulative incidence of moderate-severe chronic GvHD was calculated using Fine-Gray competing risk analysis. Results:A gene panel consisting of immunity related 12 genes was identified at one month post-transplant whose transcriptome profile was significantly different between patients that developed moderate-severe cGvHD compared to the patients who did not develop cGvHD. The identified gene panel included highly upregulated T cell activation and proliferation markers like CD3D (BHP=0.005), CD3E (BHP=0.01), CCR7 (BHP=0.005), CD5 (BHP=0.006); TNF receptor superfamily markers like B- and T-lymphocyte attenuator-BTLA (BHP=0.004), CD27 (BHP=0.004), CD40LG (BHP=0.005); and Costimulatory signaling molecules like Inducible T-cell Co-stimulator ICOS (BHP=0.001), CD28 (BHP=0.006) in patients with cGVHD. A gene score of >7 in this panel of 12 genes was able to differentiate patients with high risk of developing mod-severe cGvHD with a sensitivity of 79% and specificity of 88% (AUC = 0.88, P <0.0001) (Figure 1). Conclusions:The cGvHD gene panel consisting of 12 genes from multiple immune regulatory pathways identified in the present study provided an early prediction of moderate-severe cGvHD (one month) with high sensitivity and specificity. The robust and rapid technique of nanostring based transcriptome profiling has the potential to be implemented in the clinic. Differentiating patients at high risk of mod-severe cGvHD can help develop new strategies for preemptive therapy and pave the way towards precision medicine leading to improved outcomes of HCT. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Cong, Shanshan, Yao Fu, Xibo Zhao, Qiuyan Guo, Tian Liang, Di Wu, Jing Wang e Guangmei Zhang. "KIF26B and CREB3L1 Derived from Immunoscore Could Inhibit the Progression of Ovarian Cancer". Journal of Immunology Research 2024 (13 febbraio 2024): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2024/4817924.

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Background. Ovarian cancer (OV) is characteristic of high incidence rate and fatality rate in the malignant tumors of female reproductive system. Researches on pathogenesis and therapeutic targets for OV need to be continued. This study mainly analyzed the immune-related pathogenesis and discovered the key immunotherapy targets for OV. Methods. WGCNA was used for excavating hub gene modules and hub genes related to the immunity of OV. Enrichment analysis was aimed to analyze the related pathways of hub gene modules. Biological experiments were used for exploring the effect of hub genes on SKOV3 cells. Results. We identified two hub gene modules related to the immunoscore of OV and found that these genes in the modules were related to the extracellular matrix and viral infections. At the same time, we also discovered six hub genes related to the immunity of OV. Among them, KIF26B and CREB3L1 can affect the proliferation, migration, and invasion of SKOV3 cells by the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. Conclusions. The local infection or inflammation of ovarian may affect the immunity of OV. KIF26B and CREB3L1 are expected to be potential targets for the immunotherapy of OV.

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Xu, Wen-Bin, Vit Kotheeranurak, Ding-Qiang Chen, Nai-Kun Sun, Di-Xin Cai, Chien-Min Chen, Guang-Xun Lin e Gang Rui. "Pan-cancer analysis of the intervertebral-disc-degeneration-related innate immunity gene NAIP". PLOS ONE 18, n. 6 (2 giugno 2023): e0286647. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0286647.

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Background Intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD) is a progressive chronic condition that commonly causes low back pain. Cancer is among the primary reasons for deaths worldwide. Our purpose was to identify the characteristic genes of IDD and explore the potential association between IDD and cancer. Methods Immune cell infiltration and differentially expressed analysis were conducted utilizing data from the GSE124272 database. Enrichment analysis of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) was performed to explore the possible mechanisms underlying IDD development. Moreover, weighted gene correlation network analysis (WGCNA) was applied to select IDD-related hub genes. The immune-related key genes were determined by intersecting DEGs, IDD-related hub genes, and immune genes. Subsequently, machine learning models based on these genes were built to identify and verify the characteristic genes. RNA sequencing and clinical data of 33 carcinoma categories were obtained from the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA). The association between NAIP expression and prognosis was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier analysis. To gain a deeper understanding of the impact of NAIP in tumor immunotherapy, the association between NAIP and immune infiltration and two immunotherapeutic biomarkers were explored. Ultimately, the association between NAIP and immunotherapeutic response was investigated utilizing two independent cohorts. Results NAIP was identified as an immune-related characteristic gene between IDD and normal intervertebral disc tissue. In certain carcinoma categories, NAIP expression levels were elevated (4/33) and significantly correlated to the respective tumor stage (4/21). Survival analysis revealed that the expression levels of NAIP have prognostic significance in different cancer types. Generally, NAIP presented a strong association with immune cell infiltration and modulators. NAIP may influence immunotherapy effects through tumor mutational burden and microsatellite instability. No remarkable association between NAIP and immunotherapy response was found in either cohort. Conclusion Our study is the first to identify NAIP as an immune-related characteristic gene. Pan-cancer analysis revealed that NAIP could serve as a novel clinical prognostic marker and therapeutic target for a variety of carcinoma categories, reducing the risk of IDD in tumor patients.

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Nathanael McCurley, Masayuki Hirano, Sabyasachi Das e Max D. Cooper. "Immune Related Genes Underpin the Evolution of Adaptive Immunity in Jawless Vertebrates". Current Genomics 13, n. 2 (3 aprile 2012): 86–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/138920212799860670.

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Lu, You, William Truman, Xiaotong Liu, Gerit Bethke, Man Zhou, Chad L. Myers, Fumiaki Katagiri e Jane Glazebrook. "Different Modes of Negative Regulation of Plant Immunity by Calmodulin-Related Genes". Plant Physiology 176, n. 4 (15 febbraio 2018): 3046–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1104/pp.17.01209.

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Rajaraman, Preetha, Alina V. Brenner, Gila Neta, Ruth Pfeiffer, Sophia S. Wang, Meredith Yeager, Gilles Thomas et al. "Risk of Meningioma and Common Variation in Genes Related to Innate Immunity". Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 19, n. 5 (20 aprile 2010): 1356–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-09-1151.

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Boucher, Charlotte E., Chrispian W. Theron, Arina C. Jansen e Robert R. Bragg. "Transcriptional profiling of chicken immunity-related genes during infection with Avibacterium paragallinarum". Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology 158, n. 3-4 (aprile 2014): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.12.004.

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Albuquerque, Erika V. S., Anne-Sophie Petitot, Joseane P. da Silva, Maria F. Grossi-de-Sa e Diana Fernandez. "Early responses of coffee immunity-related genes to root-knot nematode infection". Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology 100 (dicembre 2017): 142–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.pmpp.2017.09.001.

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Leal, Luis Guillermo, Álvaro Perez, Andrés Quintero, Ángela Bayona, Juan Felipe Ortiz, Anju Gangadharan, David Mackey, Camilo López e Liliana López-Kleine. "Identification of Immunity-related Genes in Arabidopsis and Cassava Using Genomic Data". Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 11, n. 6 (dicembre 2013): 345–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gpb.2013.09.010.

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Li, Qingbo, Xiao Xu e Xiejia Jiao. "Prognostic implication of cuproptosis related genes associates with immunity in Ewing's sarcoma". Translational Oncology 31 (maggio 2023): 101646. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tranon.2023.101646.

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Wang, Xue, Lili Guo e Wenguang Zhang. "Extraction of Innate Immune Genes in Dairy Cattle and the Regulation of Their Expression in Early Embryos". Genes 15, n. 3 (18 marzo 2024): 372. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes15030372.

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Abstract (sommario):

As more and more of the available genomic data have been published, several databases have been developed for deciphering early mammalian embryogenesis; however, less research has been conducted on the regulation of the expression of natural immunity genes during early embryonic development in dairy cows. To this end, we explored the regulatory mechanism of innate immunity genes at the whole-genome level. Based on comparative genomics, 1473 innate immunity genes in cattle were obtained by collecting the latest reports on human innate immunity genes and updated bovine genome data for comparison, and a preliminary database of bovine innate immunity genes was constructed. In order to determine the regulatory mechanism of innate immune genes in dairy cattle early embryos, we conducted weighted co-expression network analysis of the innate immune genes at different developmental stages of dairy cattle early embryos. The results showed that specific module-related genes were significantly enriched in the MAPK signaling pathway. Protein–protein interaction (PPI) analysis showed gene interactions in each specific module, and 10 of the highest connectivity genes were chosen as potential hub genes. Finally, combined with the results for differential expressed genes (DEGs), ATF3, IL6, CD8A, CD69, CD86, HCK, ERBB3, LCK, ITGB2, LYN, and ERBB2 were identified as the key genes of innate immunity in dairy cattle early embryos. In conclusion, the bovine innate immunity gene set was determined and the co-expression network of innate immunity genes in the early embryonic stage of dairy cattle was constructed by comparing and analyzing the whole genome of bovines and humans. The findings in this study provide the basis for exploring the involvement and regulation of innate immune genes in the early embryonic development of dairy cattle.

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Lillehoj, H., Chul-hong Kim, Duk Kyung Kim e C. Keeler. "Comparison of Global Transcriptional Responses of Chicken Following Primary and Secondary Eimeria acervulina Infections (37.13)". Journal of Immunology 184, n. 1_Supplement (1 aprile 2010): 37.13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.184.supp.37.13.

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Abstract In this stuy, we compared chicken gene transcriptional profiles following primary and secondary infections with Eimeria acervulina using a 9.6K avian intestinal intraepithelial lymphocyte cDNA microarray (AVIELA). Gene Ontology analysis showed that primary infection significantly modulated the levels of mRNAs for genes involved in the metabolism of lipids and carbohydrates as well as those for innate immune-related genes. By contrast, secondary infection increased the levels of transcripts encoded by genes related to humoral immunity and reduced the levels of transcripts for the innate immune-related genes. Because the observed modulation in transcript levels for gene related to energy metabolism and immunity occurred concurrent with the clinical signs of coccidiosis, these results suggest that altered expression of a specific set of host genes induced by Eimeria infection may be responsible, in part, for the observed reduction in body weight gain and inflammatory gut damage that characterizes avian coccidiosis.

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Wang, Jianle, Camille M. Syrett, Marianne C. Kramer, Arindam Basu, Michael L. Atchison e Montserrat C. Anguera. "Unusual maintenance of X chromosome inactivation predisposes female lymphocytes for increased expression from the inactive X". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 113, n. 14 (21 marzo 2016): E2029—E2038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1520113113.

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Females have a greater immunological advantage than men, yet they are more prone to autoimmune disorders. The basis for this sex bias lies in the X chromosome, which contains many immunity-related genes. Female mammals use X chromosome inactivation (XCI) to generate a transcriptionally silent inactive X chromosome (Xi) enriched with heterochromatic modifications and XIST/Xist RNA, which equalizes gene expression between the sexes. Here, we examine the maintenance of XCI in lymphocytes from females in mice and humans. Strikingly, we find that mature naïve T and B cells have dispersed patterns of XIST/Xist RNA, and they lack the typical heterochromatic modifications of the Xi. In vitro activation of lymphocytes triggers the return of XIST/Xist RNA transcripts and some chromatin marks (H3K27me3, ubiquitin-H2A) to the Xi. Single-cell RNA FISH analysis of female T cells revealed that the X-linked immunity genes CD40LG and CXCR3 are biallelically expressed in some cells. Using knockout and knockdown approaches, we find that Xist RNA-binding proteins, YY1 and hnRNPU, are critical for recruitment of XIST/Xist RNA back to the Xi. Furthermore, we examined B cells from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, an autoimmune disorder with a strong female bias, and observed different XIST RNA localization patterns, evidence of biallelic expression of immunity-related genes, and increased transcription of these genes. We propose that the Xi in female lymphocytes is predisposed to become partially reactivated and to overexpress immunity-related genes, providing the first mechanistic evidence to our knowledge for the enhanced immunity of females and their increased susceptibility for autoimmunity.

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Kim, Kyung Soo, Dong Wook Jekarl, Jaeeun Yoo, Seungok Lee, Myungshin Kim e Yonggoo Kim. "Immune gene expression networks in sepsis: A network biology approach". PLOS ONE 16, n. 3 (5 marzo 2021): e0247669. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0247669.

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To study the dysregulated host immune response to infection in sepsis, gene expression profiles from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) datasets GSE54514, GSE57065, GSE64456, GSE95233, GSE66099 and GSE72829 were selected. From the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) immune system pathways, 998 unique genes were selected, and genes were classified as follows based on gene annotation from KEGG, Gene Ontology, and Reactome: adaptive immunity, antigen presentation, cytokines and chemokines, complement, hematopoiesis, innate immunity, leukocyte migration, NK cell activity, platelet activity, and signaling. After correlation matrix formation, correlation coefficient of 0.8 was selected for network generation and network analysis. Total transcriptome was analyzed for differentially expressed genes (DEG), followed by gene set enrichment analysis. The network topological structure revealed that adaptive immunity tended to form a prominent and isolated cluster in sepsis. Common genes within the cluster from the 6 datasets included CD247, CD8A, ITK, LAT, and LCK. The clustering coefficient and modularity parameters were increased in 5/6 and 4/6 datasets in the sepsis group that seemed to be associated with functional aspect of the network. GSE95233 revealed that the nonsurvivor group showed a prominent and isolated adaptive immunity cluster, whereas the survivor group had isolated complement-coagulation and platelet-related clusters. T cell receptor signaling (TCR) pathway and antigen processing and presentation pathway were down-regulated in 5/6 and 4/6 datasets, respectively. Complement and coagulation, Fc gamma, epsilon related signaling pathways were up-regulated in 5/6 datasets. Altogether, network and gene set enrichment analysis showed that adaptive-immunity-related genes along with TCR pathway were down-regulated and isolated from immune the network that seemed to be associated with unfavorable prognosis. Prominence of platelet and complement-coagulation-related genes in the immune network was associated with survival in sepsis. Complement-coagulation pathway was up-regulated in the sepsis group that was associated with favorable prognosis. Network and gene set enrichment analysis supported elucidation of sepsis pathogenesis.

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Bartolo, Gloria, Leandra O. Gonzalez, Anastasia Levitin e Mikhail Martchenko Shilman. "Drosophila melanogaster Y Chromosome Genes Affect Male Sensitivity to Microbial Infections". Insects 12, n. 1 (5 gennaio 2021): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12010030.

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The genders of Drosophila melanogaster vary in their sensitivities to microbial pathogens. While many of the immunity-related genes are located on the X chromosome, the polymorphisms within the Y chromosome were also shown to affect the immunity of flies. In this study, we investigated the necessity of individual genes on the Y chromosome (Y-genes) for male sensitivity to microbes. We identified several Y-genes whose genetic inactivation either increases or decreases the sensitivity of males to gastrointestinal infections with fungal Saccharomyces cerevisiae and bacterial Serratia liquefaciens. Specifically, the loss of function mutations in fly kl-5 and Ppr-Y Y-genes lead to increased and decreased sensitivity of males to fungal challenge, respectively, compared to female sensitivity. In contrast, mutations in Drosophila Pp1-Y1, kl-5, kl-3, Ppr-Y, CCY, and FDY Y-genes lead to increased sensitivity of males to bacterial infection, compared to females. Moreover, while these Y-genes are necessary, the Y chromosome is not sufficient for the sensitivity of males to microbes, since the sensitivity of XXY females to fungal and bacterial challenges was not different from the sensitivity of wild-type female flies, compared to males. This study assigns a new immunity-related function to numerous Y-genes in D.melanogaster.

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LIANG, DAN, PEI WANG, LINGLING WU, XIAOLI JIANG, GUOQING WEI, BAOJIAN ZHU, LEI WANG et al. "The RNA-seq approach to discriminate gene expression profiles in response to Beauveria bassiana and Micrococcus luteus microbial pathogens on Actias selene (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae)". Zootaxa 4591, n. 1 (2 maggio 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4591.1.1.

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Actias selene (Hübner) is an important silk-spinning moth. Like other moths, it has innate immunity but no acquired immunity. However, there are few studies on immune-related genes of A. selene. Here, differential expression RNAseq experiment was employed to examine the genes related to different metabolic pathways and to explore the immune mechanism of the A. selene post Beauveria bassiana (Bb) and Micrococcus luteus (ML) stimuli. A total of 64,372,921 clean reads were obtained and 39,057 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. In the Bb vs. PBS group (PBS as the control), 9,092 genes were up-regulated and 4,438 genes were down-regulated; in the ML vs. PBS group, 5,903 genes were up-regulated and 5,175 genes were down-regulated. The KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) and GO (Gene Ontology) analyses of DEGs confirmed that many DEGs were associated with "Metabolism pathway", "cellular process", "cell" and "catalytic activity". Among them, 194 and 149 differentially expressed genes were related to immunity in the Bb vs. PBS group and ML vs. PBS group, respectively. We verified the reliability of the data with reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR analysis of randomly selected genes. Furthermore, the phylogenetic tree results showed that HSP90, PGRP and MyD88 genes of A. selene were most closely related to Antheraea pernyi (Guérin-Méneville). These results will provide an overview of the molecular mechanism of A. selene resistance to fungal and bacterial infections as well as an evolutionary aspect of these genes. Moreover, the interrelated trophic mechanisms among different groups of organisms are vital to explore, thus this study will lay a foundation for further studies on the innate immune mechanism of saturniid moths, and provide important theoretical basis for studying the relationship between A. selene and other species.

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Rajaraman, Preetha, Alina V. Brenner, Mary Ann Butler, Sophia S. Wang, Ruth M. Pfeiffer, Avima M. Ruder, Martha S. Linet et al. "Common Variation in Genes Related to Innate Immunity and Risk of Adult Glioma". Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention 18, n. 5 (maggio 2009): 1651–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-08-1041.

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Bhanja, S. K., A. Goel, N. Pandey, M. Mehra, S. Majumdar e A. B. Mandal. "In ovo carbohydrate supplementation modulates growth and immunity-related genes in broiler chickens". Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition 99, n. 1 (5 maggio 2014): 163–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpn.12193.

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Choi, Jaesung, Nan Song, Sohee Han, Seokang Chung, Hyuna Sung, Ji-young Lee, Sunjae Jung et al. "The Associations between Immunity-Related Genes and Breast Cancer Prognosis in Korean Women". PLoS ONE 9, n. 7 (30 luglio 2014): e103593. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0103593.

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Enciso-Rodríguez, Felix E., Carolina González, Edwin A. Rodríguez, Camilo E. López, David Landsman, Luz Stella Barrero e Leonardo Mariño-Ramírez. "Identification of Immunity Related Genes to Study the Physalis peruviana – Fusarium oxysporum Pathosystem". PLoS ONE 8, n. 7 (3 luglio 2013): e68500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0068500.

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Hallberg, Pär, Hans Smedje, Niclas Eriksson, Hugo Kohnke, Makrina Daniilidou, Inger Öhman, Qun-Ying Yue et al. "Pandemrix-induced narcolepsy is associated with genes related to immunity and neuronal survival". EBioMedicine 40 (febbraio 2019): 595–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.01.041.

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Wang, Jingjing, Lin Wang, Zhe Pang, Qingmiao Ge, Yonggui Wu e Xiangming Qi. "Integrated Analysis of Ferroptosis and Immunity-Related Genes Associated with Diabetic Kidney Disease". Diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome and Obesity Volume 16 (novembre 2023): 3773–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/dmso.s434970.

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Hille, Matthias, Stefanie Kies, Friedrich Götz e Andreas Peschel. "Dual Role of GdmH in Producer Immunity and Secretion of the Staphylococcal Lantibiotics Gallidermin and Epidermin". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, n. 3 (1 marzo 2001): 1380–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.3.1380-1383.2001.

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ABSTRACT The biosynthetic gene clusters of the staphylococcal lantibiotics epidermin and gallidermin are distinguished by the presence of the unique genes epiH and gdmH, respectively. They encode accessory factors for the ATP-binding cassette transporters that mediate secretion of the antimicrobial peptides. Here, we show thatgdmH also contributes to immunity to gallidermin but not to nisin. gdmH alone affected susceptibility to gallidermin only moderately, but it led to a multiplication of the immunity level mediated by the FEG immunity genes when cloned together with the gdmT gene, suggesting a synergistic activity of the H and FEG systems. gdmH-related genes were identified in the genomes of several bacteria, indicating an involvement in further cellular functions.

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Herath, Venura, e Jeanmarie Verchot. "Transcriptional Regulatory Networks Associate with Early Stages of Potato Virus X Infection of Solanum tuberosum". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, n. 6 (11 marzo 2021): 2837. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22062837.

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Potato virus X (PVX) belongs to genus Potexvirus. This study characterizes the cellular transcriptome responses to PVX infection in Russet potato at 2 and 3 days post infection (dpi). Among the 1242 differentially expressed genes (DEGs), 268 genes were upregulated, and 37 genes were downregulated at 2 dpi while 677 genes were upregulated, and 265 genes were downregulated at 3 dpi. DEGs related to signal transduction, stress response, and redox processes. Key stress related transcription factors were identified. Twenty-five pathogen resistance gene analogs linked to effector triggered immunity or pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity were identified. Comparative analysis with Arabidopsis unfolded protein response (UPR) induced DEGs revealed genes associated with UPR and plasmodesmata transport that are likely needed to establish infection. In conclusion, this study provides an insight on major transcriptional regulatory networked involved in early response to PVX infection and establishment.

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Huang, Shuqin, Baihong Zhang e Wenli Chen. "Research Progress of ATGs Involved in Plant Immunity and NPR1 Metabolism". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, n. 22 (9 novembre 2021): 12093. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms222212093.

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Autophagy is an important pathway of degrading excess and abnormal proteins and organelles through their engulfment into autophagosomes that subsequently fuse with the vacuole. Autophagy-related genes (ATGs) are essential for the formation of autophagosomes. To date, about 35 ATGs have been identified in Arabidopsis, which are involved in the occurrence and regulation of autophagy. Among these, 17 proteins are related to resistance against plant pathogens. The transcription coactivator non-expressor of pathogenesis-related genes 1 (NPR1) is involved in innate immunity and acquired resistance in plants, which regulates most salicylic acid (SA)-responsive genes. This paper mainly summarizes the role of ATGs and NPR1 in plant immunity and the advancement of research on ATGs in NPR1 metabolism, providing a new idea for exploring the relationship between ATGs and NPR1.

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Lei, Kai, Ruihao Liang, Binghua Tan, Lin Li, Yingcheng Lyu, Kexi Wang, Wenjian Wang et al. "Effects of Lipid Metabolism-Related Genes PTGIS and HRASLS on Phenotype, Prognosis, and Tumor Immunity in Lung Squamous Cell Carcinoma". Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2023 (17 gennaio 2023): 1–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/6811625.

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Background. Lipid metabolism reprogramming played an important role in cancer occurrence, development, and immune regulation. The aim of this study was to identify and validate lipid metabolism-related genes (LMRGs) associated with the phenotype, prognosis, and immunological characteristics of lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC). Methods. In the TCGA cohort, bioinformatics and survival analysis were used to identify lipid metabolism-related differentially expressed genes (DEGs) associated with the prognosis of LUSC. PTGIS/HRASLS knockdown and overexpression effects on the LUSC phenotype were analyzed in vitro experiments. Based on the expression distribution of PTGIS/HRASLS, LUSC patients were divided into two clusters by consensus clustering. Clinical information, prognosis, immune infiltration, expression of immune checkpoints, and tumor mutation burden (TMB) level were compared between the TCGA and GSE4573 cohorts. The genes related to clustering and tumor immunity were screened by weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA), and the target module genes were analyzed by functional enrichment analysis, protein-protein interaction (PPI) analysis, and immune correlation analysis. Results. 191 lipid metabolism-related DEGs were identified, of which 5 genes were independent prognostic genes of LUSC. PTGIS/HRASLS were most closely related to LUSC prognosis and immunity. RT-qPCR, western blot (WB) analysis, and immunohistochemistry (IHC) showed that the expression of PTGIS was low in LUSC, while HRASLS was high. Functionally, PTGIS promoted LUSC proliferation, migration, and invasion, while HRASLS inhibited LUSC proliferation, migration, and invasion. The two clusters’ expression and distribution of PTGIS/HRASLS had the opposite trend. Cluster 1 was associated with lower pathological staging (pT, pN, and pTNM stages), better prognosis, stronger immune infiltration, higher expression of immune checkpoints, and higher TMB level than cluster 2. WGCNA found that 28 genes including CD4 and IL10RA were related to the expression of PTGIS/HRASLS and tumor immune infiltration. PTGIS/HRASLS in the GSE4573 cohort had the same effect on LUSC prognosis and tumor immunity as the TCGA cohort. Conclusions. PTGIS and HRASLS can be used as new therapeutic targets for LUSC as well as biomarkers for prognosis and tumor immunity, which has positive significance for guiding the immunotherapy of LUSC.

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Liu, Yuqiang, Guoyao Zhao, Xiaojue Lin, Jiahao Zhang, Guanyu Hou, Luepei Zhang, Dewu Liu, Yaokun Li, Junya Li e Lingyang Xu. "Genomic inbreeding and runs of homozygosity analysis of indigenous cattle populations in southern China". PLOS ONE 17, n. 8 (25 agosto 2022): e0271718. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271718.

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Runs of homozygosity (ROH) are continuous homozygous segments from the common ancestor of parents. Evaluating ROH pattern can help to understand inbreeding level and genetic basis of important traits. In this study, three representative cattle populations including Leiqiong cattle (LQC), Lufeng cattle (LFC) and Hainan cattle (HNC) were genotyped using the Illumina BovineHD SNPs array (770K) to assess ROH pattern at genome wide level. Totally, we identified 26,537 ROH with an average of 153 ROH per individual. The sizes of ROH ranged from 0.5 to 53.26Mb, and the average length was 1.03Mb. The average of FROH ranged from 0.10 (LQC) to 0.15 (HNC). Moreover, we identified 34 ROH islands (with frequency > 0.5) across genome. Based on these regions, we observed several breed-specific candidate genes related to adaptive traits. Several common genes related to immunity (TMEM173, MZB1 and SIL1), and heat stress (DNAJC18) were identified in all three populations. Three genes related to immunity (UGP2), development (PURA) and reproduction (VPS54) were detected in both HNC and LQC. Notably, we identified several breed-specific genes related to sperm development (BRDT and SPAG6) and heat stress (TAF7) in HNC, and immunity (CDC23 and NME5) and development (WNT87) in LFC. Our findings provided valuable insights into understanding the genomic homozygosity pattern and promoting the conservation of genetic resources of Chinese indigenous cattle.

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Abhimanyu, Abhimanyu, Mridula Bose, Astha Giri e Mandira Varma-Basil. "Comparative Genetic Association Analysis of Human Genetic Susceptibility to Pulmonary and Lymph Node Tuberculosis". Genes 14, n. 1 (13 gennaio 2023): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes14010207.

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Background: Tuberculosis (TB) manifests itself primarily in the lungs as pulmonary disease (PTB) and sometimes disseminates to other organs to cause extra-pulmonary TB, such as lymph node TB (LNTB). This study aimed to investigate the role of host genetic polymorphism in immunity related genes to find a genetic basis for such differences. Methods: Sixty-three, Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in twenty-three, TB-immunity related genes including eleven innate immunity (SLCA11, VDR, TLR2, TLR4, TLR8, IRGM, P2RX7, LTA4H, SP110, DCSIGN and NOS2A) and twelve cytokine (TNFA, IFNG, IL2, Il12, IL18, IL1B, IL10, IL6, IL4, rs1794068, IL8 and TNFB) genes were investigated to find genetic associations in both PTB and LNTB as compared to healthy community controls. The serum cytokine levels were correlated for association with the genotypes. Results: PTB and LNTB showed differential genetic associations. The genetic variants in the cytokine genes (IFNG, IL12, IL4, TNFB and IL1RA and TLR2, 4 associated with PTB susceptibility and cytokine levels but not LNTB (p < 0.05). Similarly, genetic variants in LTA4H, P2RX7, DCSIGN and SP110 showed susceptibility to LNTB and not PTB. Pathway analysis showed abundance of cytokine related variants for PTB and apoptosis related variants for LNTB. Conclusions: PTB and LNTB outcomes of TB infection have a genetic component and should be considered for any future functional studies or studies on susceptibility to pulmonary and extra-pulmonary TB.

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Rashidi, Mahnaz, e Nabil Killiny. "In Silico Characterization and Gene Expression Analysis of Toll Signaling Pathway-Related Genes in Diaphorina citri". Insects 13, n. 9 (29 agosto 2022): 783. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects13090783.

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The Asian citrus psyllid, Diaphorina citri is the main vector of citrus greening disease, also known as Huanglongbing (HLB). Currently, mitigating HLB depends on the control of D. citri using insecticides. To design innovative control strategies, we should investigate various biological aspects of D. citri at the molecular level. Herein we explored the Toll signaling system-related proteins in D. citri using in silico analyzes. Additionally, the transcripts of the identified genes were determined in all life stages from eggs to adults. Our findings reveal that D. citri genome possesses Toll signaling pathway-related genes similar to the insect model, Drosophila melanogaster, with slight differences. These genes include cact, TI, Myd88, Dif/DI, pll, tub, and spz encoding Cactus, Toll, Myeloid differentiation factor 88, Dorsal related immunity factor/Dorsal, Pelle, Tube, and Spaetzle, respectively. Unlike D. melanogaster, in D. citri Dorsal, immunity factor and Dorsal are the same protein. In addition, in D. citri, Pelle protein possesses a kinase domain, which is absent in Pelle of D. melanogaster. Gene expression analysis showed the transcript for cact, TI, Myd88, pll, tub, and spz are maximum in adults, suggesting the immunity increases with maturity. Instead, Dif/DI transcripts were maximal in eggs and adults and minimal in nymphal stages, indicating its role in embryonic development. The overall findings will help in designing pioneering control strategies of D. citri based on repressing its immunity by RNAi or CRISPR and combining that with biological control.

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Xu, Zhixiao, Jiaxing Ruan, Lingyun Pan e Chengshui Chen. "Candidate Genes Identified in Systemic Sclerosis-Related Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension Were Associated with Immunity, Inflammation, and Cytokines". Cardiovascular Therapeutics 2021 (18 febbraio 2021): 1–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6651009.

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Background. Pulmonary complications of systemic sclerosis (SSc), including pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), are the leading causes of patient death. However, the precise molecular mechanisms of its etiology are unclear. This study’s objective was to identify the candidate genes involved in the progression of SSc-PAH and investigate the genes' function. Methods. The gene expression profiles of GSE33463 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. A free-scale gene coexpression network was constructed using the weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) to explore the association between gene sets and clinical features and identify candidate biomarkers. Then, gene ontology analysis was performed. A second dataset was used, GSE19617, to validate the hub genes. The verified hub genes’ potential function was further explored using gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). Results. Through average link-level clustering, a total of seven modules were classified. A total of 938 hub genes were identified in the key module, and the key module’s function mainly enriched was related to chemokine activities. Subsequently, four candidate genes, BTG3, CCR2, RAB10, and TMEM60, were filtered. The expression levels of these four hub genes were consistent in the GSE19617 and GSE33463 datasets. We plotted the ROC curve of the hub genes (all AUC > 0.70 ). Furthermore, the results of the GSEA for hub genes were correlated with complement and inflammatory responses. Conclusions. The hub genes (BTG3, CCR2, RAB10, and TMEM60) performed well in distinguishing the SSc-PAH patients from controls, and some biological functions, related to immunity, inflammation, and cytokines, might pave the way for follow-up studies on the diagnosis and treatment of SSc-PAH.

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Fomenko, Dmitri E., Anastazia Z. Metlitskaya, Jean Péduzzi, Christophe Goulard, Genrikh S. Katrukha, Leonid V. Gening, Sylvie Rebuffat e Inessa A. Khmel. "Microcin C51 Plasmid Genes: Possible Source of Horizontal Gene Transfer". Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy 47, n. 9 (settembre 2003): 2868–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aac.47.9.2868-2874.2003.

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ABSTRACT Microcin C51 (MccC51) is an antimicrobial nucleotide-heptapeptide produced by a natural Escherichia coli strain. A 5.7-kb fragment of the pC51 plasmid carrying the genes involved in MccC51 production, secretion, and self-immunity was sequenced, and the genes were characterized. The sequence of the MccC51 gene cluster is highly similar to that of the MccC7 gene. Recombinant plasmids carrying different combinations of the mcc genes involved in the MccC51 production or immunity were constructed to characterize their functional roles. The mccA, mccB, mccD, and mccE genes are involved in MccC51 production, while the mccC and mccE genes are responsible for immunity to MccC51. The mcc gene cluster is flanked by 44-bp direct repeats. Amino acid sequence comparisons allowed us to propose functions for each Mcc polypeptide in MccC51 biosynthesis. Plasmid pUHN containing the cloned mccA, mccB, mccC, and mccE genes, but lacking mccD, directed the synthesis of MccC51p, a substance chemically related to MccC51. MccC51p exhibited weak antibiotic activity against E. coli and was toxic to the producing cells. The immunity to exogenous MccC51 determined by the mccC and mccE genes did not overcome the toxic action of MccC51p on the producing cells. The G+C content of the MccC51 operon, markedly lower than that of the E. coli genome, and the presence of direct repeats suggest the possibility of horizontal transfer of this gene cluster.

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Wu, Donglei, Wanting Fan, Zheng Zhang, Jianming Tang, Chenping Zhang, Weixuan Chen, Nianhong Qin e Yuyan Zheng. "Identification of a Prognostic Pyroptostic-Related Model for Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma Based on LASSO-Cox Regression Analysis". Journal of Oncology 2022 (22 novembre 2022): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1434565.

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Pyroptosis is associated with the biological behavior of the tumor and with tumor immunity. We investigated the effect of pyroptosis on the tumor microenvironment and tumor immunity in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). RNA sequencing data and clinical information of HNSCC were downloaded from TCGA. Differentially expressed pyroptosis-related genes in HNSCC were identified between HNSCC and normal tissue. Pyroptosis-related classification of HNSCC was conducted based on consensus clustering analysis. LASSO-Cox regression analysis was used to construct a prognostic risk model-based pyroptosis-related gene. Evaluation of the immune microenvironment was conducted in prognostic risk signature based on pyroptosis-related genes. Total 22 differentially expressed pyroptosis-related genes were identified in HNSCC. Six prognostic-related genes were included to construct a LASSO regression model with a prognostic risk score = (0.133 ∗ GSDME (DFNA5) + 0.084 ∗ NOD1 + 0.039 ∗ IL6 + 0.003 ∗ IL1B + 0.084 ∗ CASP3 + 0.028 ∗ NLRP2). Higher fraction of resting memory CD4+ T cells and macrophages M1 was infiltrated in the high-risk group compared with the low-risk group in HNSCC. Furthermore, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway and the IL-17 signaling pathways were identified to be involved in the development of high-risk HNSCC. Our study constructed a prognostic risk signature based on pyroptosis-related genes, which emphasizes the critical importance of pyroptosis in HNSCC and provided a novel perspective of HNSCC therapy.

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Pang, Zhongbao, Shiyu Chen, Shuai Cui, Wenzhu Zhai, Ying Huang, Xintao Gao, Yang Wang et al. "Identification of Potential miRNA-mRNA Regulatory Network Associated with Regulating Immunity and Metabolism in Pigs Induced by ASFV Infection". Animals 13, n. 7 (4 aprile 2023): 1246. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani13071246.

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African swine fever (ASF) is a devastating infectious disease in domestic pigs caused by African swine fever virus (ASFV) with a mortality rate of about 100%. However, the understanding of the interaction between ASFV and host is still not clear. In this study, the expression differences and functional analysis of microRNA (miRNA) in porcine peripheral blood lymphocytes of ASFV infected pigs and healthy pigs were compared based on Illumina high-throughput sequencing, then the GO and KEGG signal pathways were analyzed. The miRNA related to immunity and inflammation were screened, and the regulatory network of miRNA-mRNA was drawn. A total of 70 differentially expressed miRNAs were found (p ≤ 0.05). Of these, 45 were upregulated and 25 were downregulated in ASFV-infected pigs vs. healthy pigs. A total of 8179 mRNA genes targeted by these 70 differentially expressed miRNA were predicted, of which 1447 mRNA genes were targeted by ssc-miR-2320-5p. Five differentially expressed miRNA were validated by RT-qPCR, which were consistent with the RNA-Seq results. The GO analysis revealed that a total of 30 gene functions were significantly enriched, including 7 molecular functions (MF), 13 cellular components (CC), and 10 biological processes (BP). The KEGG enrichment analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes were significantly enriched in pathways related to immunity, inflammation, and various metabolic processes, in which a total of two downregulated miRNAs after infection and eight upregulated miRNAs related to immunity and inflammation were screened in ASFV-infected pigs vs. healthy pigs. The network of miRNA-mRNA showed that the mRNA target genes were strongly regulated by ssc-miR-214, ssc-miR-199b-3p, and ssc-miR-199a-3p. The mRNA target genes were enriched into the MAPK signaling pathway, Toll-like receptor signaling pathway, TNF signaling pathway, and IL-17 signaling pathway by using a KEGG enrichment analysis. Therefore, ASFV could regulate immunity and metabolism-related pathways in infected pigs by inducing differential expression of miRNAs. These results provided a new basis for further elucidating the interactions between ASFV and the host as well as the immunity regulation mechanisms of ASFV, which will be conducive to better controlling ASF.

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Wen, Huijuan, Fazhan Li, Ihtisham Bukhari, Yang Mi, Chenxu Guo, Bin Liu, Pengyuan Zheng e Simeng Liu. "Comprehensive Analysis of Colorectal Cancer Immunity and Identification of Immune-Related Prognostic Targets". Disease Markers 2022 (30 marzo 2022): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/7932655.

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Colorectal cancer (COAD) is ranked as the third most common cancer and second in terms of cancer-related deaths worldwide. Due to its poor overall survival and prognosis, the incidents of COAD are significantly increasing. Although treatment methods have greatly been improved in the last decade, it is still not good enough to have satisfactory treatment outcomes. In recent years, immunotherapy has been successful to some extent in the treatment of many cancers but still, many patients do not respond to immunotherapy. Therefore, it is essential to have a deeper understanding of the immune characteristics of the tumor microenvironment and identify meaningful immune targets. In terms of immune targets, COAD has been poorly explored; thus, in the current study, based on the immune cell infiltration score and differentially expressed genes, COAD tumors were classified into hot and cold tumors. The Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) regression analysis was used to identify hub genes, construct a prognostic model, and screen potential immune targets. In total, 12 genes (CLK3, CYSLTR2, GJA10, CYP4Z1, FAM185A, LINC00324, EEF1A1P34, EEF1B2P8, PTCSC3, MIR6780A, LINC01666, and RNU6.661P) differentially expressed between hot and cold tumors were screened out. Among them, CYSLTR2 was considered as a potential candidate gene, because it showed a significant positive correlation with immune cell infiltration and immune checkpoints (PDCD1, CD274, and CTLA4). Finally, we constructed and validated a new prognostic model for COAD showing 0.854 AUC for the ROC curve, and these results provide sufficient potential to choose CYSLTR2 as an important immune target for the prognosis of COAD.

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Stoldt, Marah, Linda Klein, Sara Beros, Falk Butter, Evelien Jongepier, Barbara Feldmeyer e Susanne Foitzik. "Parasite Presence Induces Gene Expression Changes in an Ant Host Related to Immunity and Longevity". Genes 12, n. 1 (13 gennaio 2021): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes12010095.

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Most species are either parasites or exploited by parasites, making parasite–host interactions a driver of evolution. Parasites with complex life cycles often evolve strategies to facilitate transmission to the definitive host by manipulating their intermediate host. Such manipulations could explain phenotypic changes in the ant Temnothorax nylanderi, the intermediate host of the cestode Anomotaenia brevis. In addition to behavioral and morphological alterations, infected workers exhibit prolonged lifespans, comparable to that of queens, which live up to two decades. We used transcriptomic data from cestodes and ants of different castes and infection status to investigate the molecular underpinnings of phenotypic alterations in infected workers and explored whether the extended lifespan of queens and infected workers has a common molecular basis. Infected workers and queens commonly upregulated only six genes, one of them with a known anti-aging function. Both groups overexpressed immune genes, although not the same ones. Our findings suggest that the lifespan extension of infected workers is not achieved via the expression of queen-specific genes. The analysis of the cestodes’ transcriptome revealed dominant expression of genes of the mitochondrial respiratory transport chain, which indicates an active metabolism and shedding light on the physiology of the parasite in its cysticercoid stage.

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Han, Jie, Pengyuan Ning, An Ge, Xiaoxia Ma, Joshua Alexander Burton, Caiting Yang, Xiaogang Cui, Changxin Wu, Jinqi Hao e Li Dong. "Association of polymorphisms of innate immunity-related genes and tuberculosis susceptibility in Mongolian population". Human Immunology 82, n. 4 (aprile 2021): 232–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.humimm.2021.02.008.

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Zhu, Lin, Wanyi Lian, Zhiwen Yao, Xiao Yang, Ziyi Wang, Yupei Lai, Shiting Xu, Bingcheng Zhao e Kexuan Liu. "Integrated Analysis of Ferroptosis and Immunity-Related Genes Associated with Intestinal Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury". Journal of Inflammation Research Volume 15 (aprile 2022): 2397–411. http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/jir.s351990.

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Ruan, Qingwei, Feng Qian e Zhuowei Yu. "Effects of polymorphisms in immunity-related genes on the immune system and successful aging". Current Opinion in Immunology 29 (agosto 2014): 49–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coi.2014.04.003.

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Clarke, Christopher R., So-Yon Park, Robert Tuosto, Xiaoyan Jia, Amanda Yoder, Jennifer Van Mullekom e James Westwood. "Multiple immunity-related genes control susceptibility of Arabidopsis thaliana to the parasitic weed Phelipanche aegyptiaca". PeerJ 8 (8 giugno 2020): e9268. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.9268.

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Abstract (sommario):

Parasitic weeds represent a major threat to agricultural production across the world. Little is known about which host genetic pathways determine compatibility for any host–parasitic plant interaction. We developed a quantitative assay to characterize the growth of the parasitic weed Phelipanche aegyptiaca on 46 mutant lines of the host plant Arabidopsis thaliana to identify host genes that are essential for susceptibility to the parasite. A. thaliana host plants with mutations in genes involved in jasmonic acid biosynthesis/signaling or the negative regulation of plant immunity were less susceptible to P. aegyptiaca parasitization. In contrast, A. thaliana plants with a mutant allele of the putative immunity hub gene Pfd6 were more susceptible to parasitization. Additionally, quantitative PCR revealed that P. aegyptiaca parasitization leads to transcriptional reprograming of several hormone signaling pathways. While most tested A. thaliana lines were fully susceptible to P. aegyptiaca parasitization, this work revealed several host genes essential for full susceptibility or resistance to parasitism. Altering these pathways may be a viable approach for limiting host plant susceptibility to parasitism.

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