Tesi sul tema "Images de champs de lumière"
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Zhang, Zhengyu. "Quality Assessment of Light Field Images". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Rennes, INSA, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024ISAR0002.
Testo completoLight Field Image (LFI) has garnered remarkable interest and fascination due to its burgeoning significance in immersive applications. Since LFIs may be distorted at various stages from acquisition to visualization, Light Field Image Quality Assessment (LFIQA) is vitally important to monitor the potential impairments of LFI quality. The first contribution (Chapter 3) of this work focuses on developing two handcrafted feature-based No-Reference (NR) LFIQA metrics, in which texture information and wavelet information are exploited for quality evaluation. Then in the second part (Chapter 4), we explore the potential of combining deep learning technology with the quality assessment of LFIs, and propose four deep learning-based LFIQA metrics according to different LFI characteristics, including three NR metrics and one Full-Reference (FR) metric. In the last part (Chapter 5), we conduct subjective experiments and propose a novel standard LFIQA database. Moreover, a benchmark of numerous state-of-the-art objective LFIQA metrics on the proposed database is provided
Hawary, Fatma. "Light field image compression and compressive acquisition". Thesis, Rennes 1, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019REN1S082.
Testo completoBy capturing a scene from several points of view, a light field provides a rich representation of the scene geometry that brings a variety of novel post-capture applications and enables immersive experiences. The objective of this thesis is to study the compressibility of light field contents in order to propose novel solutions for higher-resolution light field imaging. Two main aspects were studied through this work. The compression performance on light fields of the actual coding schemes still being limited, there is need to introduce more adapted approaches to better describe the light field structures. We propose a scalable coding scheme that encodes only a subset of light field views and reconstruct the remaining views via a sparsity-based method. A residual coding provides an enhancement to the final quality of the decoded light field. Acquiring very large-scale light fields is still not feasible with the actual capture and storage facilities, a possible alternative is to reconstruct the densely sampled light field from a subset of acquired samples. We propose an automatic reconstruction method to recover a compressively sampled light field, that exploits its sparsity in the Fourier domain. No geometry estimation is needed, and an accurate reconstruction is achieved even with very low number of captured samples. A further study is conducted for the full scheme including a compressive sensing of a light field and its transmission via the proposed coding approach. The distortion introduced by the different processing is measured. The results show comparable performances to depth-based view synthesis methods
Amador, Emmanuel. "Modèles de compréhension par la théorie des images des phénomènes transitoires et du régime permanent en chambre réverbérante électromagnétique". Phd thesis, INSA de Rennes, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00652164.
Testo completoGoloub, Philippe. "Modèle radiométrique du polarimètre imageur grand champ POLDER : analyses préliminaires des observations en lumière polarisée". Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL10147.
Testo completoLe, fournis Romuald. "Propagation de la lumière dans la matière en présence de champs électromagnétiques". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université Grenoble Alpes, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024GRALY011.
Testo completoIn this thesis, we focus on the analysis of forces and torques resulting from the interaction between matter and the electromagnetic field, both either described classically or quantum-mechanically. We explore how the addition of external electric and magnetic fields modifies the mechanical moments acting on the medium. External fields can have a significant impact, alter particle trajectories, induce angular momentum, or cause changes in the energy levels of quantum states.The thesis splits up into two related axes, each offering a different perspective on the interaction between light and matter in the presence of external fields.In the first axis, we delve into the field of quantum electrodynamics (QED) to study the role of the quantum vacuum in electromagnetic forces. Our focus is on two distinct classical forces: the Abraham force and the Aharonov-Casher force. Both these forces are central to the Abraham-Minkoswki controversy discussed in the first chapter of this thesis.The first axis is explored in Chapters 2 and 3, which focus on the modification of quantum vacuum momentum in the presence of matter and external electromagnetic fields. The modification of quantum vacuum momentum leads to the existence of a quantum vacuum force on matter but remains unobserved experimentally. For this investigation, we employ a QED approach along with a microscopic model.In Chapter 2, we study the contributions of the quantum vacuum to the Abraham force acting on a Rydberg atom in the presence of crossed electric and magnetic fields. Our goal is to determine whether Rydberg atoms are good candidates for the observation of the quantum vacuum contributions to the classical Abraham force.Chapter 3 is focused on the Aharonov-Casher force. This force has not been observed so far because it is extremely small. We calculate the quantum vacuum force for a Rydberg atom with a large magnetic moment exposed to an electric field to determine if the quantum vacuum is capable of generating an Aharonov-Casher force.The second axis adopts a classical approach to the interaction between light and matter, focusing on the torques exerted on matter by the electromagnetic field.Chapter 4 is devoted to the study of the angular momentum radiation from a source surrounded by a magneto-birefringent environment. More precisely, we characterize the influence of multiple light scattering on angular momentum radiation as well as on the torque acting on matter.Although both axes adopt different approaches, they remain closely interconnected. Force and torque, fundamental in mechanics, share an intimate relationship, and the study of both provides a more comprehensive picture of the interactions between light and matter in the presence of external fields. As a result, both axes complement each other, offering a global and enlightened perspective on this field of study from complementary angles. A detailed presentation of both lines of research including their mathematical tools is provided in Chapter 1
Salmons, Stéphane. "Aspects de la quantification des théories de champs scalaires sur le cône de lumière". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Diderot - Paris VII, 2000. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007971.
Testo completoBoulenguez, Pierre. "Caractérisation multispectrale imageante du champ de lumière de sources et de matériaux pour la photosimulation". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00587367.
Testo completoPiedpremier, Julien. "Les grandes images". Paris 8, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA082545.
Testo completoTupin, Florence. "Champs de Markov sur graphes pour le traitement des images radar /". Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 2007. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb41098170v.
Testo completoLa p. de titre et la couv. portent en plus : "Département Traitement du signal et des images. Groupe Traitement et interprétation des images" Bibliogr. p. 103-117.
Hébert, David. "Champs aléatoires conditionnels pour l'extraction de structures dans les images de documents". Rouen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013ROUES029.
Testo completoRoger, Jean-Claude. "Études spatiales en lumière polarisée : préparation de l'instrument POLDER". Lille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991LIL10093.
Testo completoMuller, Stéphane. "Approximations de l'optique physique en diffusion de lumière : application a des particules ellipsoïdales de grande taille". Nancy 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN10182.
Testo completoMangin-Brinet, Mariane. "Description relativiste des systèmes composites simples par la dynamique du front de lumière". Paris 7, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA077098.
Testo completoStrauss, Olivier. "Perception de l'environnement par vision en lumière structurée : segmentation des images par poursuites d'indices". Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20010.
Testo completoOropeza, Rodríguez Damián. "Etude des états liés et de diffusion par la théorie quantique des champs sur le cône de lumière". Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2004. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00007808.
Testo completoThis thesis concerns the two-body scattering and bound states in an explicitly covariant formulation of the light-front dynamics. We consider, in this framework, two scalar particles in interaction at the "ladder" approximation (massive Wick-Cutkosky model). S and P-waves bound states are calculated by an angular decomposition of the potential. We show that the first term of the decomposition gives already a very good description of the system, what is equivalent to take an averaged potential over the light-front directions. This results simplifies the treatment of the scattering states. We obtain the elastics phase shifts (S and P waves). Yet our relativistic potential take into account the first inelastic threshold, what corresponds to the one boson emission. These phase shifts do not respects the S-matrix unitarity. We show by a perturbative calculation that the addition of self-energy contributions permits to solve this problem. Adding this term, allows to obtain an inelastic phase-shift respecting S-matrix unitarity. We show also that the self-energy contribution strongly modifies the conditions of existence of a bound state. We consider also two fermions interacting by a scalar or pseudoscalar exchange (J^ pi=0^+ state). The bound states are calculated by the angular decomposition method, that works well here but fails in the pseudoscalar coupling. The average method is finally used to calculate the scattering states in the ladder approximation fo the scalar coupling
Papadakis, Nicolas. "Assimilation de données images : application au suivi de courbes et de champs de vecteurs". Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00655898.
Testo completoSutour, Camille. "Vision nocturne numérique : restauration automatique et recalage multimodal des images à bas niveau de lumière". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0099/document.
Testo completoNight vision for helicopter pilots is artificially enhanced by a night vision system. It consists in a light intensifier (LI) coupled with a numerical camera, and an infrared camera. The goal of this thesis is to improve this device by analyzing the defaults in order to correct them.The first part consists in reducing the noise level on the LI images. This requires to evaluate the nature of the noise corrupting these images, so an automatic noise estimation method has been developed. The estimation is based on a non parametric detection of homogeneous areas.Then the noise statistics are estimated using these homogeneous regions by performing a robust l`1 estimation of the noise level function.The LI images can then be denoised using the noise estimation. We have developed in the second part a denoising algorithm that combines the non local means with variational methods by applying an adaptive regularization weighted by a non local data fidelity term. Then this algorithm is adapted to video denoising using the redundancy provided by the sequences, hence guaranteeing temporel stability and preservation of the fine structures.Finally, in the third part data from the optical and infrared sensors are registered. We propose an edge based multimodal registration metric. Combined with a gradient ascent resolution and a temporel scheme, the proposed method allows robust registration of the two modalities for later fusion
Biron, Karole. "Dynamique forme/lumière : exploration du processus de création de l'espace architectural par modèles maquettes/images". Thesis, Université Laval, 2008. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2008/25823/25823.pdf.
Testo completoThe act of creation is a privileged moment at the time of its artistic and architectural process. It is, among other things, the time and place for imagination, for experimentation with matter, for conceptual development and for the construction of what is perceived. It is a moment of enthusiasm and effervescence when we instinctively manipulate as well as conceive intellectually. As for the «Art of space», multiple factors are to be considered from the origin of its process such as, shapes, colours, sizes and positioning. Beyond each of these parameters, space, scene of its multiple interactions, becomes a creation in itself. This research particularly leans on the spatial and perceptual relation between objects and light, two elements completing and modifying each other in various ways, whereas its esthetic potential is obvious. It suggests the resetting of the creative process by direct and simple manipulations with matter, through miniature tryouts and photographic images, two familiar media of architectural practice. These minimal interventions simultaneously present a richness in spatial relations as well as information on luminous surroundings. The research proposes the circumscription of a vocabulary of the main parameters linking objects with light, leading to the elaboration of a method of creation and analysis to assist architects and artists in their creative explorations. The theoretical framework releases notions, principles and terms related to space, form, light and perception, assisting in the construction of physical models to visualize and control aspects of the invention. An exploration of a series of parameters of objects and lighting complete the research in order to stimulate the imagination and creativity in architecture.
Nicolas, Stéphane. "Segmentation par champs aléatoires pour l'indexation d'images de documents". Rouen, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ROUES058.
Testo completoWith the development of digital technologies, the valorization of our cultural heritage is becoming a major stake, which exhibits a lot of difficulties for information indexing and retrieval. Document image analysis can bring a solution, however traditionnal methods are not flexible enough to deal with the variability found in patrimonial documents. Our contribution relates to the implementation of a 2D Markov random field model and a 2D conditional random field model, which make it possible to make variability into account and to integrate contextual knowledge, while taking benefit from machine learning techniques. Experiments on handwritten drafts and manuscripts of the Renaissance, show that these models can provide interesting solutions. Furthermore, the conditional random field model provids better results, allowing to integrate more intrinsic and contextual features in a discriminative framework, using a classifier combination approach
Hondt, Olivier. "Analyse spatiale de texture non stationnaire dans les images SAR". Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1S007.
Testo completoZinck, Guillaume. "Reconstruction d'hypersurfaces de champs de normales sous contraintes : application à l'analyse stratigraphique des images sismiques". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR14705/document.
Testo completoThis thesis deals with the reconstruction of hypersurfaces from a finite-dimensional normal vector field. Application scopes can be found in the analysis of fingerprints (epidermal ridges), meteorological images (eddies and cyclones), astrophysical images (galaxy arms) and in the stratigraphic analysis of seismic images (horizons). The hypersurfaces are obtained by solving a non-linear partial derivative equation relied on the local dip deduced from a normal vector field. Several constraints such as boundaries, bounds, points belonging to the hypersurface or discontinuities can be considered.The major contribution of this thesis consists in a local dip transformation which allows to reconstruct implicit hypersurfaces as well as seismic horizons by a fast and interactive method. Two schemes dedicated to the reconstruction of discontinuous one-dimensional seismic horizons are also proposed when the discontinuity location and jump are unknown
Chiang, Li-Hua. "La manipulation du temps dans les images : oscillation entre réel et virtuel". Paris 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA010568.
Testo completoMimouni, Zineb. "Étude de suspensions colloïdales soumises à l'action d'un champ électrique ou magnétique". Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE4432.
Testo completoDarbon, Jérôme. "Composants logiciels et algorithmes de minimisation exacte d'énergies dédiées au traitement des images /". Paris : École nationale supérieure des télécommunications, 2006. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb40185908r.
Testo completoPerrot, Olivier. "Étude théorique des propriétés statistiques de la lumière dans les dispositifs optiques à deux modes couples : génération d'états comprimés". Paris 11, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA112050.
Testo completoIn this work we present two approaches in order to estimate the evolution of quantum fluctuations on the components of a field coupled with its second harmonic. In the first approach, the numerical calculation is performed by integrating all the components of the matrix-density of the two modes-field, while in the second one, we expand Taylor series of the observables, on a computer using the symbolic language REDUCE. Then, these series are estimate with quadratic Pade approximants. From this study, we take out the mains properties of this device: Whatever input fields, the maximum reduction of fluctuations is reached for one optimal time interaction. This device can squeeze thermal fields. In all the cases, the squeezing increases with the intensity of inpùt-fields. Squeezing appears as a quantum macroscopic effect
Wang, Chang Cun. "Caractérisation quantitative par l'analyse des images en microscopie en champs proche des systèmes de charges et élastomères". Mulhouse, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002MULH0693.
Testo completoDarbon, Jérôme. "Composants logiciels et algorithmes de minimisation exacte d'énergies dédiés au traitement des images". Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2005. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001680.
Testo completoLu, Heqi. "Echantillonage d'importance des sources de lumières réalistes". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BORD0001/document.
Testo completoRealistic images can be rendered by simulating light transport with Monte Carlo techniques. The possibility to use realistic light sources for synthesizing images greatly contributes to their physical realism. Among existing models, the ones based on environment maps and light fields are attractive due to their ability to capture faithfully the far-field and near-field effects as well as their possibility of being acquired directly. Since acquired light sources have arbitrary frequencies and possibly high dimension (4D), using such light sources for realistic rendering leads to performance problems.In this thesis, we focus on how to balance the accuracy of the representation and the efficiency of the simulation. Our work relies on generating high quality samples from the input light sources for unbiased Monte Carlo estimation. In this thesis, we introduce three novel methods.The first one is to generate high quality samples efficiently from dynamic environment maps that are changing over time. We achieve this by introducing a GPU approach that generates light samples according to an approximation of the form factor and combines the samples from BRDF sampling for each pixel of a frame. Our method is accurate and efficient. Indeed, with only 256 samples per pixel, we achieve high quality results in real time at 1024 × 768 resolution. The second one is an adaptive sampling strategy for light field light sources (4D), we generate high quality samples efficiently by restricting conservatively the sampling area without reducing accuracy. With a GPU implementation and without any visibility computations, we achieve high quality results with 200 samples per pixel in real time at 1024 × 768 resolution. The performance is still interactive as long as the visibility is computed using our shadow map technique. We also provide a fully unbiased approach by replacing the visibility test with a offline CPU approach. Since light-based importance sampling is not very effective when the underlying material of the geometry is specular, we introduce a new balancing technique for Multiple Importance Sampling. This allows us to combine other sampling techniques with our light-based importance sampling. By minimizing the variance based on a second-order approximation, we are able to find good balancing between different sampling techniques without any prior knowledge. Our method is effective, since we actually reduce in average the variance for all of our test scenes with different light sources, visibility complexity, and materials. Our method is also efficient, by the fact that the overhead of our "black-box" approach is constant and represents 1% of the whole rendering process
Nieto, Grégoire. "Light field remote vision". Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAM051/document.
Testo completoLight fields have gathered much interest during the past few years. Captured from a plenoptic camera or a camera array, they sample the plenoptic function that provides rich information about the radiance of any ray passing through the observed scene. They offer a pletora of computer vision and graphics applications: 3D reconstruction, segmentation, novel view synthesis, inpainting or matting for instance.Reconstructing the light field consists in recovering the missing rays given the captured samples. In this work we cope with the problem of reconstructing the light field in order to synthesize an image, as if it was taken by a camera closer to the scene than the input plenoptic device or set of cameras. Our approach is to formulate the light field reconstruction challenge as an image-based rendering (IBR) problem. Most of IBR algorithms first estimate the geometry of the scene, known as a geometric proxy, to make correspondences between the input views and the target view. A new image is generated by the joint use of both the input images and the geometric proxy, often projecting the input images on the target point of view and blending them in intensity.A naive color blending of the input images do not guaranty the coherence of the synthesized image. Therefore we propose a direct multi-scale approach based on Laplacian rendering to blend the source images at all the frequencies, thus preventing rendering artifacts.However, the imperfection of the geometric proxy is also a main cause of rendering artifacts, that are displayed as a high-frequency noise in the synthesized image. We introduce a novel variational rendering method with gradient constraints on the target image for a better-conditioned linear system to solve, removing the high-frequency noise due to the geometric proxy.Some scene reconstructions are very challenging because of the presence of non-Lambertian materials; moreover, even a perfect geometric proxy is not sufficient when reflections, transparencies and specularities question the rules of parallax. We propose an original method based on the local approximation of the sparse light field in the plenoptic space to generate a new viewpoint without the need for any explicit geometric proxy reconstruction. We evaluate our method both quantitatively and qualitatively on non-trivial scenes that contain non-Lambertian surfaces.Lastly we discuss the question of the optimal placement of constrained cameras for IBR, and the use of our algorithms to recover objects that are hidden behind a camouflage.The proposed algorithms are illustrated by results on both structured (camera arrays) and unstructured plenoptic datasets
Darbon, Jérôme. "Composants logiciels et algorithmes de minimisation exacte d'énergies dédiées au traitement des images". Paris, ENST, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENST0050.
Testo completoRésumé anglais :This thesis mainly concerns itself with fast and exact optimization of energies used in many image processing and computer vision problems. Several approaches are considered for different classes of energies. Minimum cuts are the common part of the optimization methods proposed in this thesis. First, we present an algorithm which computes a global minimizer for the Total Variation minimization problem with convex data fidelity terms. Our approach consists in reformulating this energy as binary Markov random fields associated with each level sets of an image. Then we generalize this approach to the case of "levelable" energies. A second generalization, different from the first one, deals with the case where priors are convex functions. Then, we present an efficient minimization algorithm for energies where both data fidelities and priors are convex functions. The special case of the Total Variation minimization with L^1 data fidelity is studied in detail. We show that its minimization yields a filter which is invariant with respect to any change of contrast. This invariance is the main property of morphological filters. This model is used to propose a morphological and auto-dual filter
Donias, Marc. "Caractérisation de champs d'orientation par analyse en composantes principales et estimation de la courbure : application aux images sismiques". Bordeaux 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999BOR10505.
Testo completoMoulard, Raphaël. "DÉVELOPPEMENT ET MISE EN OEUVRE D'UNE MÉTHODE DE MESURE DE CHAMPS DE DÉFORMATION À L'ÉCHELLE MICROMÉTRIQUE". Phd thesis, Ecole nationale supérieure d'arts et métiers - ENSAM, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00351685.
Testo completoVallée, Philippe. "Etude de l'effet de champs électromagnétiques basse fréquence sur les propriétés physico-chimiques de l'eau". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00009153.
Testo completoMoulart, Raphaël. "Développement et mise en oeuvre d'une méthode de mesure de champs de déformation à l'échelle micrométrique". Phd thesis, Paris, ENSAM, 2007. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003212.
Testo completoBénière, Arnaud. "Acquisition et extraction d'information des images polarimétriques actives". Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00483072.
Testo completoDumoulin, Guy. "Effets de la géométrie de surface de champs agricole sur des images radar aéroportées en bande X et C". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11137.
Testo completoJarige, Benoit. "La fiscalité internationale des sociétés de personnes : étude critique des images fiscales à la lumière des droits britannique et américain". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022BORD0099.
Testo completoTransparency, semi-transparency, translucency or fiscal personality are tax images used as a paradigm in the French conception of partnerships in international tax law, in that those images are used to think and resolve the issues raised by the taxation, in France, of international partnerships. Based on those images, the French conception of international taxation of partnership distinguishes between local partnerships and foreign partnerships. On the one hand, local partnerships are said to be semi-transparent or translucent and to have a fiscal personality distinct from their partners. Thusly, local partnerships are construed as the subject of a tax that is yet paid by the partners. Consequently, local partnerships are qualified as resident for the purpose of the bilateral conventions and the foreign partners cannot claim the application of the treaty. On the other hand, the recognition of the transparency of foreign partnerships is accepted in French tax law so the partners may claim the stipulations of the bilateral convention. This conception of international taxation of partnerships, founded on a dual approach of partnerships, is isolated from the taxation known in others countries and lacks coherence in the view of the French tax law. With a critical study of tax images in the light of the British law and the American law, this conception may be challenged. The comparison between French partnerships and British and American partnerships permits to overcome the otherness suggested by the resort of tax images, and to demonstrate instead the unity among those entities (Part 1). Once it has been ascertained, this unity challenges the foundation of the French conception of international taxation of partnership and allows the prospect of its renewal (Part 2)
Pons, Isabelle. "Méthodes de segmentation bayésienne appliquées aux images SAR : théorie et mise en oeuvre". Nice, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994NICE4714.
Testo completoBuraga-Lefebvre, Cristina. "Transformée en ondelettes appliquée aux enregistrements holographiques : restitution et caractérisation de champs de particules". Rouen, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ROUES060.
Testo completoKoulouris, Véronique. "Ombre et lumière dans la ville : le potentiel de l'image numérique pour l'exploration et l'analyse des ambiances lumineuses nocturnes". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ62072.pdf.
Testo completoBon, Pierre. "Imagerie microscopique de champs électromagnétiques par interférométrie à décalage quadri-latéral. Applications à la biologie". Thesis, Aix-Marseille 3, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011AIX30036.
Testo completoThe aim of this thesis is the use of a quadriwave lateral shearing interferometer for transmission microscopic imaging. First developped for optical metrology and laser beam caracterisation by the Phasics company (Palaiseau), this interferometric technique gives complexe electromagnetic field cartography by wavefront sensing. Using a microscope in imaging conditions, we obtained intensity and optical path difference images introduced by a semi-transparent sample. Thereby, we defined a new quantitative phase contrast technique.This work is co-directed by the Fresnel Institute and the Phasics company (CIFRE convention), in collaboration with the Centre Immunologique de Marseille Luminy. In this thesis, first we discuss the wavefront sensor use as a sensor plugged on the classical optical microscope image plane ; then we consider two models for optical path difference image formation. The first one, named object space projection, supposes a direct measurement of the optical path difference introduced by a sample. We show that this hypothesis is valid for two particular applications : dry matter determination within a biological sample, and temperature distribution induced by gold nano-particule heating. Thesecond model takes into account the simple sample diffraction and the optical device filtering depending on the illumination angle. This second approach allows us to build a model for intensity and optical path difference image formation for any planewave illumination. So we studied the image formation from a spatially partial incoherent illumination to a complete incoherent illumination. We made electromagnetic field measurements with the wavefront sensor in this last case. Then we discuss semi-transparent tomographic reconstruction by measurements in different imaging planes.One chapter is dedicated to quantitative phase imaging in biology, in particular with mitotic index determination within a cell population
Bakro, Abdelkarim. "Couplage d'un microscope à effet tunnel photonique à un microscope à force atomique". Montpellier 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998MON20077.
Testo completoEl, Amari Saad. "Développement et caractérisation de générateur optoélectronique d’impulsions de champ électrique nanoseconde et subnanoseconde de forte intensité : application au domaine biomédical". Limoges, 2011. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/e7ead5c7-d917-4027-934b-5cb7b4ff2222/blobholder:0/2011LIMO4052.pdf.
Testo completoThis PhD dissertation presents the development and characterization of picosecond and nanosecond pulse generator dedicated to bioelectrics applications. Based on numerical characterization and experimental tools, generators can produce ultra-short pulses of hundreds of picoseconds to tens of nanoseconds with an intensity greater than the ten kV. In order to achieve comprehensive studies of the effect of electromagnetic fields on biological cells, generators developed are able to offer great flexibility in the number, shape, repetition rate, amplitude and duration of pulses generated
Shtuka, Arben. "Simulation, traitement et visualisation des images numériques : apport du codage par indicatrice en géostatistique". Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994INPL139N.
Testo completoCherifi, Dalila. "Utilisation d'un modèle symbolique pour l'interprétation d'images Radar à Ouverture Synthétique". Paris, ENST, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ENST0036.
Testo completoSynthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) instruments are active microwave sensors that operate independently of time of day and weather conditions. SAR can achieve high resolution from long range and provide information about the physical structure and the electrical properties of remotely sensed objects. There has been a growing interest in SAR for automatic target recognition. We are interested in this thesis by road detection in spaceborne SAR (Synthetic Aperture Radar images. Several approaches have been proposed in the literature. They generally consist of two steps: in the first step they use a local operator like edge and line detectors and then they apply a global criterion which incorporates additional knowledge about the structure of the objects to be detected. The aim of this thesis is the detection of road on SAR images starting from a graphical sketch of road defined by a user which is considered as a model of road. To do this we propose to compare two methods. The first one combines both local and global criteria based on Markov Field(MRF). It is based on a previously published methods for road detection in SAR images. The second method uses a dynamic programming, it defines a cost, which depends on local information, and performs a summation minimization process in a graph. The results obtained with the two approaches applied to different SAR images are presented and evaluated with an objective criterion. Finnally, we applied our method based of dynamic programming to extract road network on the different SAR images and we present some applications of our work
Boualia, Hassan. "Etude numérique et expérimentale des champs dynamiques et scalaires dans un écoulement turbulent fourni par un brûleur coaxial. Effet de la stratification". Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR129/document.
Testo completoRésumé non fourni
Bonakdar, Sakhi Omid. "Segmentation of heterogeneous document images : an approach based on machine learning, connected components analysis, and texture analysis". Phd thesis, Université Paris-Est, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00912566.
Testo completoYamba, Bidima. "Objets sacrés, objets d'art africains : de l'ombre des sanctuaires à la lumière des musées : la statuette lobi du Burkina Faso". Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR21012.
Testo completoPooam, Marootpong. "The biological effects of applied magnetic fields on cryptochrome and response". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020SORUS062.
Testo completoCryptochromes are highly conserved blue-light-absorbing flavoproteins that have been linked to the perception of electromagnetic stimuli in numerous organisms. We mainly studied the mechanism for the interaction between magnetic fields and cryptochromes in the context of the radical-pair theory. We investigated the response of Arabidopsis cryptochrome-1 in vivo to a static magnetic field. The biological activities of cryptochrome were enhanced by the magnetic field. Interestingly, the effects of the magnetic fields could be observed even the magnetic field was given exclusively during dark intervals between light exposures. This finding indicated that the magnetically sensitive reaction step in the cryptochrome photocycle must occur during flavin reoxidation. Moreover, we also used frequency (RF) stimulated to Arabidopsis cryptochrome as the diagnostic tools to confirm the radical-pair hypothesis. In the study, we found a disruptive effect of RF on the activity of cryptochrome. Our findings could confirm the occurrence of the radical-pair mechanism and the involvement of cryptochrome for magnetoreception. Additionally, we also showed a disruptive effect of the low-level static magnetic field (LLF) condition where the external magnetic fields were almost eliminated. The result of this condition was consistent with the effect of RF exposure. Furthermore, we also reported that LLF could increase the expression of some PEMF-induced genes in human cells. This finding could provide the evidence to support the effect of magnetic, not induced electric fields in human physiology
Mutet, Bruno. "Le schéma de régularisation de Taylor-Lagrange, présentation et applications". Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011MON20027/document.
Testo completoThe Taylor-Lagrange regularization scheme (TLRS) is based on the definition of fields as operator valued distributions (OPVD). The expression of these OPVDs implies test functions which, thanks to their properties (scaling properties, super-regularity), allow to extend singular distributions to the whole space. This type of regularization, which could be qualified as an ultra-soft cut-off, is efficient for any order of divergences and produces finite amplitudes depending on an intrinsic dimensionless scale. Finally, this scheme respects the Poincaré group symmetries as well as gauge invariance. After an introduction to the TLRS, it is applied to the calculation of radiative corrections to QED and to the mass of the Higgs boson within the standard model of particle physics. In a last section, it is applied to the Yukawa model using the framework of light front dynamics. Radiative corrections and non-perturbative bound state are calculated. This examples allow to verify, on one hand, the applicability of the TLRS, and on the other hand to test its respect of the symmetry properties of the theories