Tesi sul tema "Imagerie interférométrique de partiules"
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Abad, Alexis. "Ιmagerie interférοmétrique de particules irrégulières pοur l'étude d'écοulements : dévelοppement d'un dispοsitif adaptatif et de méthοdes d'analyse par apprentissage prοfοnd". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMR067.
Testo completoOut-of-focus interferometric particle imaging (IPI) is an optical particle sizing technique used to determine the shape and size of micrometric particles: 20 µm − 2,000 µm. They can be of different natures, for example, ice crystals suspended in the atmosphere, volcanic ash, clouds of sand grains or coal particles scattered around thermal power plants. The previous examples all have one thing in common, they are rough particles, with irregular shapes and the results of this thesis work are based on these characteristics. Image acquisition with this technique is based on a simple operating principle. A rough particle is illuminated with a laser; it diffuses part of the incident radiation in all directions due to the asperities on its surface. These asperities create secondary sources of the incident radiation. An out-of-focus imaging system records interference images from these secondary sources. The development and improvement of programs to reconstruct the shape of the particle from its interferometric image is carried out with an experimental bench equipped with a micro-mirror matrix (DMD). The particle is "programmed" on the DMD. The micro-mirrors that simulate the secondary sources of the particle reflect part of the incident beam towards the imaging system. This thesis work focuses on the one hand on the creation of a neural network to classify the shape of a particle from its interferometric image. This neural network has shown recognition in 100% of cases. On the other hand, the development of another neural network to reconstruct the envelope of irregular particles from their experimental images has shown very good reconstruction quality between the programmed shapes and the reconstructed shapes. In both cases, databases consisting of several thousand experimental images were acquired with an experimental setup equipped with a micro-mirror matrix to "simulate" rough particles. In addition, within the framework of this technique, two additional works were carried out: (i) first a first method of correction of spherical aberration, by passage from the Cartesian basis to the polar basis, and a second of simulation of spherical aberration in IPI, by decomposition of the phase term into Gaussian functions; and (ii) the realization of an adaptive interferometric imaging system based on a liquid lens was developed to reduce the overlap of interferograms by instantaneous adjustment of the defocus of the imaging system
Guyon, Olivier. "Imagerie interférométrique grand champ et applications". Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066170.
Testo completoPédrétti, Ettoré. "Systèmes d'imagerie interférométrique". Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX11027.
Testo completoI have investigated imaging techniques in optical/infrared long-baseline interferometry. I have developed a phasing algorithmsuited for interferometers involving a hierarchy of aperturetriplets. Numerical simulations on unresolved and resolved objects show that a single iteration is generally sufficient to achieveco-phasing. Experimenting with direct imaging, I show the first images on the sky obtained with a scaled-down densified-pupil interferometer. The formation of such images violates a "golden rule of imaging interferometers" which appeared to forbid the use of interferometric arrangements differing from a Fizeau interferometer. Indirect imaging through closure-phase measurement can now be obtained at the IOTA interferometer. I developed for IOTA new controllers for the PICNIC near-infrared camera and the visible star tracker. I also devised a novel fringe packet tracking system now routinely used to equalise the optical path length for the three baselines of IOTA. Part of my work involved data reduction of single-baseline observations of Mira stars. We have obtained the first simultaneous measurements of J, H, and K band diameters by a long-baseline interferometer and detected statistical variations of the diameter ratios between different bands
Haubois, Xavier. "Imagerie interférométrique infrarouge et perspectives pour l'observation interférométrique du Centre Galactique : le projet GRAVITY". Phd thesis, Observatoire de Paris, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00424467.
Testo completoLa précision des observables interférométriques conditionne la qualité de la reconstruction d'image. Dans une deuxième partie, j'ai pu pratiquer une étude des performances interférométriques simulées de GRAVITY afin d'estimer la précision sur les phases et visibilités qu'il délivrera. Afin d'optimiser les futures observations de GRAVITY, il est essentiel d'avoir une idée des caractéristiques spatiales et temporelles de son objectif scientifique majeur qu'est Sgr A*. Pour cela, j'ai pu finalement participer à une campagne d'observation multi-longueurs d'onde de l'environnement de ce trou noir. A cette occasion, j'ai utilisé le mode BURST du spectro-imageur VISIR pour obtenir une haute résolution angulaire et une grande sensibilité au rayonnement de Sgr A*. Ceci m'a conduit à obtenir une limite supérieure la plus basse jamais enregistrée à 8,6 microns. Autre fait marquant, ces observations ont révélé la présence d'un sursaut d'intensité lumineuse en proche infrarouge. Si le processus de rayonnement n'est pas encore parfaitement modélisé, ces observations tendent à confirmer que les sursauts tirent leur origine d'un mouvement orbital de matière à quelques rayons de Schwarzschild de Sgr A*.
Grâce à sa précision astrométrique de 10 micro-secondes d'angle, correspondant à un rayon de Schwarzschild à la distance du Centre Galactique, GRAVITY sera en mesure de résoudre le mouvement orbital de ces spots de matière et de comprendre la nature d'un tel rayonnement. De plus, il permettra la mesure directe de la métrique d'espace-temps et l'étude de la relativité générale en champ fort.
Haubois, Xavier. "Imagerie interférométrique infrarouge et perspectives pour l'observation interférométrique du Centre Galactique : le projet GRAVITY". Phd thesis, Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2009. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00424467.
Testo completoThe Galactic Center hosts a supermassive black hole called Sgr A*. Thanks to the GRAVITY instrument, the high angular resolution that the VLTI delivers will allow the direct observation of the immediate vicinity of such a black hole. To reach these astrophysical goals, it is mandatory to get very accurate interferometric observables to sucessfully apply imaging reconstruction methods. In that framework and as the first part of my thesis, I could use different infrared interferometric imaging techniques applied to the data obtained on the red supergiant Orionis (Betelgeuse) with the three telescope interferometer IOTA. These works have unveiled the presence of bright asymmetric structures on the stellar surface whose origin is likely to be convective. The quality of image reconstruction depends on the accuracy of the interferometric observables. In a second part of my thesis, I could study the simulated interferometric performances of GRAVITY to estimate the accuracy on phases and visibilities and checked that they met the requirements. Finally, in order to optimize the GRAVITY future observations, it is important to get an estimation of the spatial and temporal behaviour of its primary scientific goal : Sgr A*. To that aim, I could participate to a large multi-wavelength observation campaign of Sgr A*. I could use the BURST mode of the VISIR spectro-imager to get a high resolution on images and a high sensitivity to Sgr A* radiations. This allowed me to derive an unprecedented upper limit on Sgr A* flux at 8. 6 microns. These observations also showed a flare in L' band exhibiting a quasi-periodicity that is twice longer than the ones previously observed. If the radiating process is still not fully understood, these observations confirm that the flares are due to the orbital motion of matter at a few Schwarzschild radii of Sgr A*. Thanks to an astrometric accuracy of 10 μas, which represents 1 Schwarzschild radius at the distance of the Galactic Center, GRAVITY will be able to resolve the orbital motion of these hot spots and to understand the nature of these radiations. Moreover, it will also allow to directly measure the space-time metric and test general relativity in strong field regime due the presence of a supermassive black hole located at the center of a galaxy
André, Éric. "Imagerie métrologique en nanoscopie : application en métrologie interférométrique". Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20287.
Testo completoDelestre, Barbara. "Reconstruction 3D de particules dans un écoulement par imagerie interférométrique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022NORMR116.
Testo completoFor many industrial or environmental applications, it is important to measure the size and volume of irregularly shaped particles. This is for example the case in the context of aircraft icing which occurs during flights, where it is necessary to measure in situ the water content and the ice content in the troposphere in order to detect and avoid risk areas. Our interest has been on interferometric out-of-focus imaging, an optical technique offering many advantages (wide measurement field, extended range of sizes studied [50 μm: a few millimeters], distance particle / measuring device several tens of centimeters ...). During this thesis, we showed that the 3D reconstruction of a particle can be done from a set of three interferometric images of this particle (under three perpendicular viewing angles). This can be done using the error reduction (ER) algorithm which allows to obtain the function f(x,y) from the measurements of the modulus of its 2D Fourier transform |F(u,v)| , by reconstructing the phase of its 2D Fourier transform. The implementation of this algorithm allowed us to reconstruct the shape of irregular particles from their interferometric images. Experimental demonstrations were carried out using a specific assembly based on the use of a micro-mirror array (DMD) which generates the interferometric images of programmable rough particles. The results obtained are very encouraging. The volumes obtained remain quite close to the real volume of the particle and the reconstructed 3D shapes give us a good idea of the general shape of the particle studied even in the most extreme cases where the orientation of the particle is arbitrary. Finally, we showed that an accurate 3D reconstruction of a "programmed" rough particle can be performed from a set of 120 interferometric images
Vasile, Gabriel. "Imagerie radar à synthèse d'ouverture interférométrique et polarimétrique : application au suivi des glaciers alpins". Chambéry, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CHAMS019.
Testo completoIn this PhD thesis, two main axes have been investigated. The first methodological part of this thesis proposes a particular focus on speckle filtering of POL-InSAR multivariate data and its implication on parameter estimation. The objective of speckle filtering is to retrieve the radiometric and spatial scene information from the observed speckled SAR measurement. Three main directions for gaining in stationarity/ergodicity have been investigated : signal adaptive neighbourhoods, non-adaptive/adaptive estimators and compensation of deterministic components in the interferometric phase signal. This thesis proposes a novel strategy for filtering multivariate SAR images, namely the use of adaptive neighbourhoods obtained by multivariate region growing techniques. According to this algorithm, named IDAN, all the available intensity images of the polarimetric or/and interferometric components are fused in the region growing process to ensure the validity of the stationarity/ergodicity assumptions. A novel method for estimating local frequencies in SAR interferograms is proposed. These algorithms have been tested both on several high resolution airborne data sets, and on low resolution spaceborne tandem ERS SAR images. The second part of this thesis is dedicated to Alpine glacier monitoring by SAR remote sensing. This part tackles the problem of processing multivariate SAR data over the Chamonix Mont-Blanc test site. The first application presented consists in measuring the 3D displacement field of an Alpine glacier by D-InSAR. The analysis of several tandem ERS interferograms between July 1995 and April 1996 shows that it is possible to measure temperate glacier surface velocity fields from October to April in 1-day C-band interferograms with approximately 20-meter ground sampling. The second application is represented by the first POL-InSAR analysis of multiband high resolution airborne SAR data acquired by the ESAR system in October 2006
Talbi, Mohamed. "Caractérisation morphologique de particules de glace par imagerie interférométrique multi-vues pour des applications aéroportées". Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR070/document.
Testo completoThe icing phenomenon that occurs during aircraft flights during their troposphere crossings (an area where the temperature can drop to -60 ° C) is manifested by an accretion of ice on different parts of the apparatus (wings, reactors, measurement probes ...) endangering the safety of this latter. This phenomenon is therefore a major problem for the safety of civil aviation, that's why it is necessary to develop new measurement techniques to detect and avoid risk's areas. Our interest has been on interferometric out-of-focus imaging, an optical technique offering many advantages (wide measurement field, range of studied sizes extended [50 μm: a few millimeters], distance particle / measuring device several tens of centimeters ...). During this thesis, we have developed a multi-view Interferometric Particle Imaging (IPI) device to characterize suspended ice crystals in the troposphere. Indeed, by comparison with measurements obtained on in-focus images recorded simultaneously, we have validated the use of multi-view IIP for the estimation of ice particle dimensions with an error rate lower than 20%. We also proposed different approaches to estimate ice particle volumes and highlighted the typical "signature" of a droplet during icing from IIP images.In a second part, we validated the use of multi-view IIP for the complex case where the interferograms of a pair of ice particles close to each other overlap and discuss about Moiré phenomena that may appear and disrupt our measurements. In addition, we have extended the field of use of IIP to less diluted media. Finally, in the last part, we have developed an innovative experimental device allowing us to perform experimental IIP measurements from particles "programmed" on a matrix of micro-mirrors (DMD : Digital Micromirror Device)
Perrot, Yannick. "Imagerie tridimensionnelle haute résolution du fond sous-marin par le traitement sonar interférométrique à ouverture synthétique". Brest, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BRES2026.
Testo completoJacquot, Kielar Justin. "Mesure de taille de gouttes d'eau et de cristaux de glace par imagerie interférométrique pour les applications aéroportées". Rouen, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ROUES052.
Testo completoThe aircraft icing is one of the most important problem in the field of aviation safety. The ice accretion on the external parts of the aircraft (wings, probes, engines) can be at the origin of great damages which can lead to the crash. In order to avoid such accidents, the Ferderal Aviation Agency requires that aircraft manufacturers have to be able to characterize the icing conditions in real-time during flight by using a dedicated airborne probe. It means size measurement of supercooled water droplets and ice crystals around the aircraft and the calculation of their concentration (in g. M−3). This thesis’s goal is to validate and improve the use of the optical technique Interferometric Particle Imaging (IPI) set up in the airborne probe developed here. The IPI technique is already widely used for droplets sizing, we extend it to the size measurement of irregular rough particles like ice crystals. The build of an icing column allowed to generate ice crystals in-lab which facilitated the set up of different validation experiments for the size measurement of irregular rough particles by IPI technique. The first experiment was the simultaneous recording of IPI images and digital holograms of water droplets and ice crystals. The second one was the simultaneous recording of IPI and in-focus images (microscopy) of ice crystals. The analysis of the final results validated the size measurement of ice crystals with an IPI system and also highlighted that it was possible to retrieve some morphological informations about these irregular particles. During flight test sessions in January 2016, the AIIS probe (Airborne Interferometric Ice Sensor) has detected and has measured sizes of water droplets and ice crystals inside clouds
Briard, Paul. "Caractérisation 3D d'un nuage de particules par imagerie interférométrique de Fourier : positions relatives 3D, tailles et indices de réfraction". Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00846098.
Testo completoBriard, Paul. "Caractérisation 3D d’un nuage de particules par imagerie interférométrique de Fourier : positions relatives 3D, tailles et indices de réfraction". Thesis, Rouen, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAM0023/document.
Testo completoIn this thesis, I propose a new optical technique for measuring 3D relative positions, sizes and refractive indices of a set of particles, which are illuminated by a plane and pulsed laser beam. In this work, the particles are spherical, transparent, homogeneous and isotropic. When these particles are illuminated, they have the behavior of sources of spherical light waves which interfere. The recording of interference fringes and analysisby Fourier transform can measure the characteristics of the particles. I describe the influence of particle characteristics on spectral representations of the interference fringes created by the pairs of particles illuminated in 2D Fourier space. The interference fringes are simulated numerically using the Lorenz-Mietheory. The inverse problem is approached by showing how it is possible to measure the characteristics of particles with geometrical optics and spatial filtering by Fourier transformation
Johnson, Gyasi. "Conception et intégration d'algorithmes sur FPGA pour la réalisation d'un système de mesure 3D temps réel en microscopie interférométrique 4D". Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008STR13232.
Testo completoThe development of micro-systems in large scale production requires fast and successful means of test and characterization. This research work consists of proposing and implementing surface characterization algorithms in a real time measurement system in which the taking into account the time constraints is just as important as the quality of the metrological measurements. In this work, we are particularly interested in the development of techniques based on white light scanning interferometry such as PFSM "Peak Fringe Scanning Microscopy" and FSA "Five Sample non-linear Adaptive Algorithm". The aims of this work are twofold. Firstly we present the results of the modeling and simulation of two algorithms that correspond to our requirements, namely PFSM and FSA at a functional level under MATLAB and at a behavioral level under VHDL in order to validate them. Secondly we present some results of high speed image acquisition using post processing in order to demonstrate the potential of the technique, in which a 3D measurement rate of 18 i/s has been achieved for a depth of 7 μm, with an axial sensitivity of 15 nm
Shabou, Aymen. "Minimisation multi-étiquette d'énergies markoviennes par coupe-minimum sur graphe : application à la reconstruction de la phase interférométrique en imagerie RSO". Phd thesis, Paris, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. https://pastel.hal.science/pastel-00565362.
Testo completoThe MRF in computer vision and image analysis is a powerful framework for solving complex problems using the MAP estimation. However, some image processing problems deal with high dimensional data and require non-convex MRF energy functions. Thus, optimization process becomes a hard task. The first contribution of this thesis is developing new efficient optimization algorithms for the class of the first order multi-label MRF energies with any likelihood terms and convex prior. The proposed algorithms rely on the graph-cut technique, and iterative strategies based on large and multi-label partition moves. These algorithms offer a trade-off between optimum quality and algorithm complexity. The main application of this work is the digital elevation model (DEM) estimation using interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) data. This problem is usually considered as a complex and an ill-posed one, because of the high noise rate affecting interferograms and the complex structures qualifying real natural and urban area. So, the second contribution of this work is developing new MRF models relying on the multichannel interferometric likelihood density function and the total variation regularization. Appropriate optimization algorithms are then proposed. The new approach is applied to synthetic and real InSAR data showing better performances than the state of the art techniques
Shabou, Aymen. "Minimisation multi-étiquette d'énergies markoviennes par coupe-minimum sur graphe : application à la reconstruction de la phase interférométrique en imagerie RSO". Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2010. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00565362.
Testo completoJacob, Cédric. "Le sismomètre interférométrique imageur monobloc à prismes accolés : un instrument dédié à la sismologie des planètes géantes : mise en place de l'instrument et premières campagnes d'observation en réseau-sol". Nice, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005NICE4087.
Testo completoThe work presented in this thesis relates to the realization of an instrument dedicated to jovian seismology, the SYMPA, « Sismomètre Interférentiel Imageur Monobloc à Prismes accolés ». It consists in using helioseismology tools for giant planets interior study. The specifications of the instrument include a drastic reduction of the noise level, a sufficient angular resolution allowing exploration of modes up to 1 = 25, and a compact, reliable design, for compatibility with the requirements of network observations. Two instruments have been developed for observations in Mexican observatory of San Pedro Martir as well as in Canarian observatory of Izana. Simulations, tests and observations concerning SYMPA from the creation of the instrument to its realization, are presented. It relates essentially to the analysis and the treatment of images we obtained, including the correction of geometric differential distortions between images. Thanks to the improvement of both the data treatments and the manipulation of SYMPA, it has been possible to obtain very-well designed interferometric fringes. Last observations have been a real success : six exploitable nights for the two sites. Observational perspectives zt Dome C in Antarctica are opening a new field of possibilities for the giant planets seismology, on the basis of the work with SYMPA since last years
Ouldarbi, Lila. "Imagerie interférométrique en défaut de mise au point pour des mesures de particules discrètes en volume et la reconnaissance de forme de particules irrégulières". Thesis, Normandie, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NORMR050/document.
Testo completoSubmerged structures such as tidal turbines generate turbulent flows that can strongly disrupt the seabed. Understanding the impact of the presence of these structures requires understanding the three-dimensional dynamics of the vortices they generate. Optical methods, by their non-intrusive aspect, make it possible to analyze these dynamics. Interferometric Particle Imaging is a technique originally developed for the measurement of transparent spherical particles such as droplets orbubbles. We offer here an extension of this technique for the simultaneous characterization of irregular and spherical particles in a flow. A first experimental set-up has confirmed the validity of the method for the size and three-dimensional position measurement of grains of sand and air bubbles in water. A second device was used on a wave flume of bigger dimensions, introducing the notions of three-dimensional tracking of irregular particles and the analysis of the variation of their orientation.A third device made of two Interferometric Particle Imaging set-ups at two angles of observation is described for the shape recognition of different families of irregular particles. Through comparisons with simulations, dimensions and orientations of these particles are determined. This kind of device should be suitable for the characterization of ice crystals for which various shapes are known. The prospects that such results provide include the extension of the technique to the particle velocitymeasurement in hostile conditions, combined with the shape recognition and the determination of rotation of particles
Grieve, Katharine. "Tomographie par cohérence optique plein champ pour l' ophtalmologie". Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066305.
Testo completoSouris, Fabien. "L'Hélium Solide Métastable en Sous-Pression". Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00942738.
Testo completoTravaillot, Thomas. "Caractérisation mécanique des matériaux élastiques à l'échelle locale par microscopie à pointe vibrante : Approche multimodale et mesure de champs". Thesis, Besançon, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014BESA2011/document.
Testo completoThis work proposes an improvement of the Scanning Microdeformation Microscope (SMM), a scanningprobe microscope, for the mechanical elastic characterization of materials at local scale. It demonstratesthat using n > 2 SMM resonance frequencies allows to decouple Young’s modulus andPoisson’s ratio values for an isotropic material.The mechanical description of the resonator has been enriched in order to allow for an accuratemodeling over a wide frequency range. Procedures have been developed to identify the modellingparameters and the elastic constants of the materials from n > 2 resonant frequencies. Finally, theseprocedures have been applied to the characterization of various materials at local scale in order tovalidate the method and to present possibilities and limits.To improve robustness and move towards the characterization of anisotropic materials, a polarizedlightimaging interferometer was developed to measure the rotation field of reflecting surfaces in aparticular direction. The sensitivity to the rotation originates from a homemade birefringent prism withuniaxial gradient of refractive index. This system is able to measure a localized rotation field as it isinduced in the vicinity of the tip of the SMM. Its interest is also demonstrated in cases in which scaleeffects make the rotation measurement preferable to the out-of-plane displacement measurement
Ogien, Jonas. "Développement de systèmes de microscopie par cohérence optique pour l'imagerie de la peau". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017SACLO011/document.
Testo completoOptical coherence microscopy (OCM) is a technique for tomographic imaging based on white light interferometry, making it possible to image biological media with micrometer-scale spatial resolution. OCM is particularly well-suited to dermatological imaging, especially skin cancer diagnosis, since it provides images that are similar to histological images without the need for biopsy.This PhD thesis focuses on the development of OCM for skin imaging, with the aim of providing a compact, in vivo imaging tool for the dermatologist, capable of acquiring structural and functional images of the skin.A compact, full-field OCM (FF-OCM) system illuminated by a white LED was first developed, making it possible to obtain tomographic images at an ultra-high resolution (0.7 μm × 1.8 μm), up to ∼200 μm in depth within the skin. Using a high power LED, in vivo skin images could be obtained.Using this FF-OCM setup, functional imaging methods for blood flow mapping (angiography) were implemented. Four methods, based on temporal or frequency analysis of the interferometric signal, phase images or amplitude images, have been shown to be able to image intralipid flow within a model blood capillary.Functional polarimetric imaging has also been explored in FF-OCM. Contrast optimization in polarimetric images has been obtained by modifying the polarizing components of the conventional polarization sensitive FF-OCM setup depending on the sample to be imaged. This method has been tested on a simple polarizing sample.Finally, a new OCM method, line-field confocal OCM (LC-OCM), has been studied. The goal here was to develop a system capable of imaging the skin in vivo, with a tissue penetration depth greater than what is possible for FF-OCM. This system, which combines interferometric filtering and confocal filtering, makes it possible to obtain in vivo skin images in vertical and en face slices, with a spatial resolution similar to that of FF-OCM, but with a greater penetration depth of 300 μm
Kpre, Ettien lazare. "Contribution à l’étude de techniques de codage analogique pour l’imagerie microonde active et passive". Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0060/document.
Testo completoMicrowave imaging systems are currently attracting great attention in the field of research, especially for security applications (body scanners, vision through walls, etc.). Several acquisition techniques already exist to optimize the antenna aperture in order to guarantee a good resolution on the final image. However, the current lock of imaging systems is to be able to achieve a real-time acquisition and address numerous antennas. Most of the current systems struggle to reconcile fast imaging and resolution while ensuring good sensitivity. The work carried out in this manuscript aims at proposing an alternative to the existing systems based on analog coding techniques of the antenna signals. Overall, the goal is to minimize the number of receivers without affecting performances. The proposed architectures are based essentially on the concept of the MIMO radar (for active systems) and the Synthetic Aperture Interferometric Radiometer or SAIR (for passive systems). These two systems allow a significant reduction of the number of antennas without affecting the resolution of the image, thus enabling a first lifting of constraints. In addition, passive compressive components are used to reduce the number of receivers in the MIMO Radar and the SAIR systems. These components with spatial and frequency diversity exhibit orthogonal transfer functions. Used in transmission, they allow simultaneous and independent addressing of each element of the antenna array. In reception, they allow the signals received by the antennas to be coded into a considerably reduced number of aggregate waveforms. By applying suitable decoding techniques, the signals received by each antenna can be estimated in order to apply imaging algorithms. These components offer the advantage of greatly reducing the number of RF channels while keeping the same number of antennas and allowing simultaneous acquisition of the signals. Laboratory demonstrators were carried out in S-band to demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed alternatives. Finally, the results obtained were the subject of a patent application and a prototype of a millimeter-wave radiometric imager is being developed in the framework of the ANR-PIXEL project
Aouial, Yassine. "Étude et conception d'un système d'imagerie passive basé sur la synthèse de réseau d'antennes commutables : application dans les bandes Ku et Ka". Phd thesis, Rennes 1, 2012. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00922047.
Testo completoThe broad topic of the presented Ph. D. Thesis consists in the research on novel methods in the field of microwave imaging, in particular the so-called passive microwave / millimeter-wave imaging, which is also referred to as radiometric imaging. This study focuses on proximity range applications such as concealed objects detection, human body screening, etc. These works has been carried out during a partnership with two teams in IETR : the department of "Antennas & Microwave Devices" and the department of "Propagation - Tracking & Remote Sensing". The aim is to design a low cost and compact fully electronic passive imaging system suitable for short range 2D imaging applications, and study the necessary devices for the implementation of a complete demonstrator. The inoffensive character of the device is ensured by the lack of active emitter devices. Imaging is done by the interferometric synthetic aperture technique. The hard work is therefore concerned the definition of the system architecture and its optimization. In this study, to improve the cost-performance of the imaging systems, a new approach based on the use of a switch sub-matrix strategy for a passive imaging system is presented and discussed. The synthesis of planar arrays that is able to yield optimal sparse arrays with a low-redundancy and an optimized switching process is then proposed. This approach has been adapted into a complete antenna system at X band and millimeter-wave band. The objectives of these prototypes are to validate at first this approach experimentally, and then validate the principle of system calibration to process real data for image reconstruction
Vasile, Gabriel. "Imagerie Radar à Synthèse dOuverture interférométrique et polarimétrique. Application au suivi des glaciers alpins". Phd thesis, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00252141.
Testo completoNous présentons une première partie méthodologique dédiée au filtrage du speckle des données POL/In/POL-InSAR multivariées et son impact sur l'estimation de paramètres.
L'objectif du filtrage de speckle est de restaurer l'information spatiale et radiométrique de la scène.
Trois directions principales sont étudiées pour gagner en stationnarité/ergodicité : des voisinages adaptatifs vis-à-vis du signal, un estimateur adaptatif ou non (moyenne complexe multi-vue, LLMMSE) et la compensation de la composante déterministe du signal de phase interférométrique.
Une nouvelle stratégie pour filtrer des images SAR multivariées est proposée: l'utilisation de voisinages adaptatifs obtenus par une technique de croissance de région multivariée.
Cette méthode appelée IDAN combine toutes les informations d'intensité disponibles dans un processus de croissance de région pour assurer la validité des hypothèses de stationnarité/ergodicité.
Conjointement à IDAN, une nouvelle méthode est proposée pour estimer les fréquences locales dans des interférogrammes SAR.
Ces méthodes ont été testées à la fois sur des images satellitaires basse résolution provenant d'acquisitions tandem ERS et sur plusieurs jeux de données aéroportées haute résolution dans différentes bandes de fréquences et configurations polarimétriques.
La seconde partie est dédiée à l'observation des glaciers alpins par télédétection SAR.
Cette partie aborde le problème du traitement des données SAR multivariées sur le site test « Chamonix Mont-Blanc ».
L'analyse de plusieurs interférogrammes ERS tandem acquis entre juillet 1995 et avril 1996 a permis d'obtenir les premiers champs de vitesse D-InSAR sur des glaciers des Alpes françaises et de montrer qu'il est possible de mesurer leur vitesse de surface entre octobre et avril avec un échantillonnage spatial de l'ordre de 20 m dans des interférogrammes à 1 jour en bande C.
La seconde application présente une analyse POL/POL-InSAR des données SAR multi-bandes haute résolution acquises par le système aéroporté E-SAR en octobre 2006, sur les glaciers d'Argentière, du Tacul et de la Mer-de-glace.
Ces premiers résultats illustrent plusieurs applications possibles de la télédétection radar polarimétrique/interférométrique pour l'observation des glaciers, telle que l'analyse des bandes de Forbes.