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Tesi sul tema "Imagerie interférométrique de partiules"
Abad, Alexis. "Ιmagerie interférοmétrique de particules irrégulières pοur l'étude d'écοulements : dévelοppement d'un dispοsitif adaptatif et de méthοdes d'analyse par apprentissage prοfοnd". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMR067.
Testo completoOut-of-focus interferometric particle imaging (IPI) is an optical particle sizing technique used to determine the shape and size of micrometric particles: 20 µm − 2,000 µm. They can be of different natures, for example, ice crystals suspended in the atmosphere, volcanic ash, clouds of sand grains or coal particles scattered around thermal power plants. The previous examples all have one thing in common, they are rough particles, with irregular shapes and the results of this thesis work are based on these characteristics. Image acquisition with this technique is based on a simple operating principle. A rough particle is illuminated with a laser; it diffuses part of the incident radiation in all directions due to the asperities on its surface. These asperities create secondary sources of the incident radiation. An out-of-focus imaging system records interference images from these secondary sources. The development and improvement of programs to reconstruct the shape of the particle from its interferometric image is carried out with an experimental bench equipped with a micro-mirror matrix (DMD). The particle is "programmed" on the DMD. The micro-mirrors that simulate the secondary sources of the particle reflect part of the incident beam towards the imaging system. This thesis work focuses on the one hand on the creation of a neural network to classify the shape of a particle from its interferometric image. This neural network has shown recognition in 100% of cases. On the other hand, the development of another neural network to reconstruct the envelope of irregular particles from their experimental images has shown very good reconstruction quality between the programmed shapes and the reconstructed shapes. In both cases, databases consisting of several thousand experimental images were acquired with an experimental setup equipped with a micro-mirror matrix to "simulate" rough particles. In addition, within the framework of this technique, two additional works were carried out: (i) first a first method of correction of spherical aberration, by passage from the Cartesian basis to the polar basis, and a second of simulation of spherical aberration in IPI, by decomposition of the phase term into Gaussian functions; and (ii) the realization of an adaptive interferometric imaging system based on a liquid lens was developed to reduce the overlap of interferograms by instantaneous adjustment of the defocus of the imaging system
Guyon, Olivier. "Imagerie interférométrique grand champ et applications". Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066170.
Testo completoPédrétti, Ettoré. "Systèmes d'imagerie interférométrique". Aix-Marseille 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003AIX11027.
Testo completoI have investigated imaging techniques in optical/infrared long-baseline interferometry. I have developed a phasing algorithmsuited for interferometers involving a hierarchy of aperturetriplets. Numerical simulations on unresolved and resolved objects show that a single iteration is generally sufficient to achieveco-phasing. Experimenting with direct imaging, I show the first images on the sky obtained with a scaled-down densified-pupil interferometer. The formation of such images violates a "golden rule of imaging interferometers" which appeared to forbid the use of interferometric arrangements differing from a Fizeau interferometer. Indirect imaging through closure-phase measurement can now be obtained at the IOTA interferometer. I developed for IOTA new controllers for the PICNIC near-infrared camera and the visible star tracker. I also devised a novel fringe packet tracking system now routinely used to equalise the optical path length for the three baselines of IOTA. Part of my work involved data reduction of single-baseline observations of Mira stars. We have obtained the first simultaneous measurements of J, H, and K band diameters by a long-baseline interferometer and detected statistical variations of the diameter ratios between different bands
Haubois, Xavier. "Imagerie interférométrique infrarouge et perspectives pour l'observation interférométrique du Centre Galactique : le projet GRAVITY". Phd thesis, Observatoire de Paris, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00424467.
Testo completoLa précision des observables interférométriques conditionne la qualité de la reconstruction d'image. Dans une deuxième partie, j'ai pu pratiquer une étude des performances interférométriques simulées de GRAVITY afin d'estimer la précision sur les phases et visibilités qu'il délivrera. Afin d'optimiser les futures observations de GRAVITY, il est essentiel d'avoir une idée des caractéristiques spatiales et temporelles de son objectif scientifique majeur qu'est Sgr A*. Pour cela, j'ai pu finalement participer à une campagne d'observation multi-longueurs d'onde de l'environnement de ce trou noir. A cette occasion, j'ai utilisé le mode BURST du spectro-imageur VISIR pour obtenir une haute résolution angulaire et une grande sensibilité au rayonnement de Sgr A*. Ceci m'a conduit à obtenir une limite supérieure la plus basse jamais enregistrée à 8,6 microns. Autre fait marquant, ces observations ont révélé la présence d'un sursaut d'intensité lumineuse en proche infrarouge. Si le processus de rayonnement n'est pas encore parfaitement modélisé, ces observations tendent à confirmer que les sursauts tirent leur origine d'un mouvement orbital de matière à quelques rayons de Schwarzschild de Sgr A*.
Grâce à sa précision astrométrique de 10 micro-secondes d'angle, correspondant à un rayon de Schwarzschild à la distance du Centre Galactique, GRAVITY sera en mesure de résoudre le mouvement orbital de ces spots de matière et de comprendre la nature d'un tel rayonnement. De plus, il permettra la mesure directe de la métrique d'espace-temps et l'étude de la relativité générale en champ fort.
Haubois, Xavier. "Imagerie interférométrique infrarouge et perspectives pour l'observation interférométrique du Centre Galactique : le projet GRAVITY". Phd thesis, Observatoire de Paris (1667-....), 2009. https://theses.hal.science/tel-00424467.
Testo completoThe Galactic Center hosts a supermassive black hole called Sgr A*. Thanks to the GRAVITY instrument, the high angular resolution that the VLTI delivers will allow the direct observation of the immediate vicinity of such a black hole. To reach these astrophysical goals, it is mandatory to get very accurate interferometric observables to sucessfully apply imaging reconstruction methods. In that framework and as the first part of my thesis, I could use different infrared interferometric imaging techniques applied to the data obtained on the red supergiant Orionis (Betelgeuse) with the three telescope interferometer IOTA. These works have unveiled the presence of bright asymmetric structures on the stellar surface whose origin is likely to be convective. The quality of image reconstruction depends on the accuracy of the interferometric observables. In a second part of my thesis, I could study the simulated interferometric performances of GRAVITY to estimate the accuracy on phases and visibilities and checked that they met the requirements. Finally, in order to optimize the GRAVITY future observations, it is important to get an estimation of the spatial and temporal behaviour of its primary scientific goal : Sgr A*. To that aim, I could participate to a large multi-wavelength observation campaign of Sgr A*. I could use the BURST mode of the VISIR spectro-imager to get a high resolution on images and a high sensitivity to Sgr A* radiations. This allowed me to derive an unprecedented upper limit on Sgr A* flux at 8. 6 microns. These observations also showed a flare in L' band exhibiting a quasi-periodicity that is twice longer than the ones previously observed. If the radiating process is still not fully understood, these observations confirm that the flares are due to the orbital motion of matter at a few Schwarzschild radii of Sgr A*. Thanks to an astrometric accuracy of 10 μas, which represents 1 Schwarzschild radius at the distance of the Galactic Center, GRAVITY will be able to resolve the orbital motion of these hot spots and to understand the nature of these radiations. Moreover, it will also allow to directly measure the space-time metric and test general relativity in strong field regime due the presence of a supermassive black hole located at the center of a galaxy
André, Éric. "Imagerie métrologique en nanoscopie : application en métrologie interférométrique". Montpellier 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992MON20287.
Testo completoDelestre, Barbara. "Reconstruction 3D de particules dans un écoulement par imagerie interférométrique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022NORMR116.
Testo completoFor many industrial or environmental applications, it is important to measure the size and volume of irregularly shaped particles. This is for example the case in the context of aircraft icing which occurs during flights, where it is necessary to measure in situ the water content and the ice content in the troposphere in order to detect and avoid risk areas. Our interest has been on interferometric out-of-focus imaging, an optical technique offering many advantages (wide measurement field, extended range of sizes studied [50 μm: a few millimeters], distance particle / measuring device several tens of centimeters ...). During this thesis, we showed that the 3D reconstruction of a particle can be done from a set of three interferometric images of this particle (under three perpendicular viewing angles). This can be done using the error reduction (ER) algorithm which allows to obtain the function f(x,y) from the measurements of the modulus of its 2D Fourier transform |F(u,v)| , by reconstructing the phase of its 2D Fourier transform. The implementation of this algorithm allowed us to reconstruct the shape of irregular particles from their interferometric images. Experimental demonstrations were carried out using a specific assembly based on the use of a micro-mirror array (DMD) which generates the interferometric images of programmable rough particles. The results obtained are very encouraging. The volumes obtained remain quite close to the real volume of the particle and the reconstructed 3D shapes give us a good idea of the general shape of the particle studied even in the most extreme cases where the orientation of the particle is arbitrary. Finally, we showed that an accurate 3D reconstruction of a "programmed" rough particle can be performed from a set of 120 interferometric images
Vasile, Gabriel. "Imagerie radar à synthèse d'ouverture interférométrique et polarimétrique : application au suivi des glaciers alpins". Chambéry, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CHAMS019.
Testo completoIn this PhD thesis, two main axes have been investigated. The first methodological part of this thesis proposes a particular focus on speckle filtering of POL-InSAR multivariate data and its implication on parameter estimation. The objective of speckle filtering is to retrieve the radiometric and spatial scene information from the observed speckled SAR measurement. Three main directions for gaining in stationarity/ergodicity have been investigated : signal adaptive neighbourhoods, non-adaptive/adaptive estimators and compensation of deterministic components in the interferometric phase signal. This thesis proposes a novel strategy for filtering multivariate SAR images, namely the use of adaptive neighbourhoods obtained by multivariate region growing techniques. According to this algorithm, named IDAN, all the available intensity images of the polarimetric or/and interferometric components are fused in the region growing process to ensure the validity of the stationarity/ergodicity assumptions. A novel method for estimating local frequencies in SAR interferograms is proposed. These algorithms have been tested both on several high resolution airborne data sets, and on low resolution spaceborne tandem ERS SAR images. The second part of this thesis is dedicated to Alpine glacier monitoring by SAR remote sensing. This part tackles the problem of processing multivariate SAR data over the Chamonix Mont-Blanc test site. The first application presented consists in measuring the 3D displacement field of an Alpine glacier by D-InSAR. The analysis of several tandem ERS interferograms between July 1995 and April 1996 shows that it is possible to measure temperate glacier surface velocity fields from October to April in 1-day C-band interferograms with approximately 20-meter ground sampling. The second application is represented by the first POL-InSAR analysis of multiband high resolution airborne SAR data acquired by the ESAR system in October 2006
Talbi, Mohamed. "Caractérisation morphologique de particules de glace par imagerie interférométrique multi-vues pour des applications aéroportées". Thesis, Normandie, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018NORMR070/document.
Testo completoThe icing phenomenon that occurs during aircraft flights during their troposphere crossings (an area where the temperature can drop to -60 ° C) is manifested by an accretion of ice on different parts of the apparatus (wings, reactors, measurement probes ...) endangering the safety of this latter. This phenomenon is therefore a major problem for the safety of civil aviation, that's why it is necessary to develop new measurement techniques to detect and avoid risk's areas. Our interest has been on interferometric out-of-focus imaging, an optical technique offering many advantages (wide measurement field, range of studied sizes extended [50 μm: a few millimeters], distance particle / measuring device several tens of centimeters ...). During this thesis, we have developed a multi-view Interferometric Particle Imaging (IPI) device to characterize suspended ice crystals in the troposphere. Indeed, by comparison with measurements obtained on in-focus images recorded simultaneously, we have validated the use of multi-view IIP for the estimation of ice particle dimensions with an error rate lower than 20%. We also proposed different approaches to estimate ice particle volumes and highlighted the typical "signature" of a droplet during icing from IIP images.In a second part, we validated the use of multi-view IIP for the complex case where the interferograms of a pair of ice particles close to each other overlap and discuss about Moiré phenomena that may appear and disrupt our measurements. In addition, we have extended the field of use of IIP to less diluted media. Finally, in the last part, we have developed an innovative experimental device allowing us to perform experimental IIP measurements from particles "programmed" on a matrix of micro-mirrors (DMD : Digital Micromirror Device)
Perrot, Yannick. "Imagerie tridimensionnelle haute résolution du fond sous-marin par le traitement sonar interférométrique à ouverture synthétique". Brest, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001BRES2026.
Testo completo