Articoli di riviste: "Igneous"

1

Hellawell, Jo. "Igneous triangle." Nature Geoscience 8, no. 12 (November 27, 2015): 904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ngeo2614.

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2

Leeman, William P. "Igneous petrogenesis." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 61, no. 10 (May 1997): 2147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0016-7037(97)83223-1.

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3

Burley, Brian J. "Igneous petrology." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 52, no. 3 (March 1988): 798. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(88)90345-6.

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4

Helz, R. T. "Igneous petrology." Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research 24, no. 3-4 (May 1985): 361–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(85)90080-0.

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5

Potter, Joanna, Andrew H. Rankin, Peter J. Treloar, Valentin A. Nivin, Wupao Ting, and Pei Ni. "A preliminary study of methane inclusions in alkaline igneous rocks of the Kola igneous province, Russia: implications for the origin of methane in igneous rocks." European Journal of Mineralogy 10, no. 6 (December 1, 1998): 1167–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/ejm/10/6/1167.

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6

Coffin, Millard F., and Clive Neal. "Large igneous provinces." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 88, no. 47 (November 20, 2007): 505. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2007eo470009.

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7

Coffin, Millard F., and Olav Eldholm. "Large Igneous Provinces." Scientific American 269, no. 4 (October 1993): 42–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican1093-42.

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8

Le Maitre, R. W. "Alkaline Igneous rocks." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 52, no. 9 (September 1988): 2343. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(88)90137-8.

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9

De Wit, Maarten J. "Alkaline igneous rocks." Lithos 24, no. 1 (December 1989): 81–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-4937(89)90017-0.

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10

Reynolds, Owen. "Ambiguous Igneous Rocks." Archives of Dermatology 143, no. 1 (January 1, 2007): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/archderm.143.1.118.

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11

Guo, Jun, Guo-rui Feng, Ting-ye Qi, Pengfei Wang, Jian Yang, Zhen Li, Jinwen Bai, Xianjie Du, and Zehua Wang. "Dynamic Mechanical Behavior of Dry and Water Saturated Igneous Rock with Acoustic Emission Monitoring." Shock and Vibration 2018 (2018): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2348394.

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The uniaxial cyclic loading tests have been conducted to study the mechanical behavior of dry and water saturated igneous rock with acoustic emission (AE) monitoring. The igneous rock samples are dried, naturally immersed, and boiled to get specimens with different water contents for the testing. The mineral compositions and the microstructures of the dry and water saturated igneous rock are also presented. The dry specimens present higher strength, fewer strains, and rapid increase of AE count subjected to the cyclic loading, which reflects the hard and brittle behavior and strong burst proneness of igneous rock. The water saturated specimens have lower peak strength, more accumulated strains, and increase of AE count during the cyclic loading. The damage of the igneous rocks with different water contents has been identified by the Felicity Ratio Analysis. The cyclic loading and unloading increase the dislocation between the mineral aggregates and the water-rock interactions further break the adhesion of the clay minerals, which jointly promote the inner damage of the igneous rock. The results suggest that the groundwater can reduce the burst proneness of the igneous rock but increase the potential support failure of the surrounding rock in igneous invading area. In addition, the results inspire the fact that the water injection method is feasible for softening the igneous rock and for preventing the dynamic disasters within the roadways and working faces located in the igneous intrusion area.

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12

Kilhams, Ben, Lauren Chedburn, Nick Schofield, Ingelin Løkling Lunde, Hollie Romain, David Jolley, and Christian Haug Eide. "The spatial distribution of igneous centres along the Norwegian Atlantic Margin (Møre and Vøring) and their relationship to magmatic plumbing systems." Journal of the Geological Society 178, no. 5 (February 19, 2021): jgs2020–192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jgs2020-192.

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A series of offshore intra-basinal igneous centres have been documented across the North Atlantic Igneous Province including the UK, Ireland and Greenland. However, inconsistent cross-border terminology implies that similar features are not present in the Norwegian offshore, which, in turns, leads to misperceptions of cross-border geological differences. This paper presents evidence for a series of Norwegian igneous centres and suggests a consistent non-genetic cross-border terminology. In the Møre Basin, several igneous centres sit close to the continent–ocean boundary (COB), which have previously been identified as seamounts and/or ‘outer highs’. To provide cross-border consistency these features are consolidated under umbrella terms: igneous centres or volcanic fissures. Further centres are probably present within the Møre Basin (east of the COB) where 3D seismic data were not available. In the Vøring Basin two new igneous centres, one intrusive and one extrusive, are identified within the continental domain. Additionally, a possible deep magmatic upwelling associated with the regionally significant T-Reflector is identified. These igneous centre end-members represent the complexity of the magmatic plumbing across the Norwegian margin. With further data it is likely that further igneous centres will be identified offshore mid-Norway.

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13

Xiang, Kui, Liangjun Yan, Zhigang Wang, and Yao Lu. "Comprehensive Physical Properties and Exploration Potential of the Permian Igneous Rocks in the Southwestern Sichuan Basin." Minerals 12, no. 7 (June 21, 2022): 789. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12070789.

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The Permian igneous rocks in the Sichuan Basin represent a major breakthrough, opening up a new prospect for oil and gas exploration, and igneous reservoirs have become a new field of oil and gas exploration. Gravity-magnetic-electric exploration is an effective means of identifying igneous rocks and helps in reducing the multiplicity of the prediction results. However, the lithology of igneous rocks is quite different, and the exploration theory and evaluation techniques need urgently to be improved. In order to deeply study the response characteristics of the gravity-magnetic-electric and physical properties of the Permian igneous rocks in the Sichuan Basin and their relationships with the reservoir parameters, physical property testing was carried out on outcrop samples of the Permian igneous rocks in southwestern Sichuan. The comprehensive physical properties of the samples with different lithologies, including basalt, tuff, and volcanic breccia, were analyzed and studied. Based on the geological characteristics of the igneous rocks, such as the mineral composition, microstructure, and reservoir properties, a multi-parameter intersection relationship model for the resistivity, polarizability, density, magnetic susceptibility, and their relationships with the reservoir parameters was established, and effective parameters favorable for igneous rock identification and reservoir evaluation were identified. The results of this study provide a physical basis and technical support for non-seismic exploration of igneous oil and gas reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin.

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14

Nelson, Demian A., John M. Cottle, and Blair Schoene. "Butcher Ridge igneous complex: A glassy layered silicic magma distribution center in the Ferrar large igneous province, Antarctica." GSA Bulletin 132, no. 5-6 (October 26, 2019): 1201–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/b35340.1.

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Abstract The Butcher Ridge igneous complex, Antarctica, is an ∼6000 km3 hypabyssal silicic intrusion containing rhythmically layered glassy rocks. Baddeleyite U-Pb geochronologic analysis on a sample of the Butcher Ridge igneous complex yielded an age of ca. 182.4 Ma, which confirms that it was emplaced synchronously with the Ferrar large igneous province. Rocks of the Butcher Ridge igneous complex vary from basaltic andesite to rhyolite, and so the inferred volume of the Butcher Ridge igneous complex makes it the most voluminous silicic component of the Ferrar large igneous province. Major-element, trace-element, and isotopic data combined with binary mixing, assimilation-fractional crystallization (AFC), and energy-constrained AFC models are consistent with formation of Butcher Ridge igneous complex silicic rocks by contamination of mafic Ferrar parental magma(s) with local Paleozoic plutonic basement rocks. Field and petrographic observations and evidence for alkali ion exchange suggest that the kilometer-long, meter-thick enigmatic rhythmic layering formed as a result of secondary hydration and devitrification of volcanic glass along parallel fracture networks. The regularity and scale of fracturing/layering imply a thermally driven process that occurred during shallow emplacement and supercooling of the intrusion in the upper crust. We suggest that layering observed in the Butcher Ridge igneous complex is analogous to that reported from terrestrial and Martian cryptodomes, and therefore it is an ideal locality at which to study layering processes in igneous bodies.

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15

Shellnutt, J. Gregory. "Igneous Rock Associations 16. The Late Permian Emeishan Large Igneous Province." Geoscience Canada 42, no. 1 (February 18, 2015): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.12789/geocanj.2014.41.060.

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16

MCCAFFREY, K. J. W. "Igneous emplacement in a transpressive shear zone: Ox Mountains igneous complex." Journal of the Geological Society 149, no. 2 (March 1992): 221–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.149.2.0221.

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17

Lee, Dong-Keun, Duk-Ho Chung, Woong-Hyeon Jeon, and Chul-Min Lee. "Analysis of igneous rock classification process by earth science teachers using eye trackers." Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 22, no. 15 (August 15, 2022): 461–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2022.22.15.461.

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Objectives The purpose of this study is to find out the characteristics that earth science teachers show in the process of classifying igneous rocks and the difficulties in classifying igneous rocks. Methods To this end, the researchers collected gaze data and language data in the process of classifying igneous rocks by using a Eyetracker(Tobii Ⅱ) and a think-aloud method from five high school earth science teachers in Jeollabuk-do. Then, the collected data were analyzed using the gaze analysis program and the semantic network analysis, respectively. Results First, in the process of classifying igneous rocks, earth science teacher’s gaze fixation duration was long in the order of diorite, andesite, rhyolite, gabbro, basalt, and granite. Second, in the semantic network for the classification of igneous rocks by earth science teachers, the eigenvector centrality of words related to the apparent characteristics of rocks such as “particles” and “rock color” was high. Third, in the process of classifying igneous rocks, earth science teachers found it difficult to determine the range of characteristics that determine each igneous rock, that is, the range of rock colors, particle sizes, stripes, etc. In other words, earth science teachers found it most difficult to distinguish diorite, and granite was the easiest to distinguish. In the process of classifying igneous rocks, they classified igneous rocks mainly based on the size of the particles that make up the rocks and the color shown by the rocks rather than the minerals that make up the rocks. In addition, earth science teachers were unclear about the scope of the criteria for classification of igneous rocks. Conclusions Earth science teachers need to clearly establish personal standards for the classification of igneous rocks. And personal standard for rock classification can be established through various observation experiences as well as the geological knowledge they perceive. Therefore, earth science teachers should be provided with various types of rocks and typical rocks for extensive observation experiences, such as activities to observe rocks and various types of rocks.

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18

Pang, Ai Yun, Hua Wu Liu, and Zong Bin Yang. "The Performance of Igneous Glass Powder Reinforced Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 332-334 (September 2011): 2032–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.332-334.2032.

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Corrosion and seepage are main causes of structural failures in concrete. Igneous glass powder is a recently developed material and was applied to enhance the performance of concrete, in terms of anti-seepage, anti-corrosion, durability and environment protection. The physical characteristics of igneous glass powder were summarized on the basis of experimental results. The advantages of concrete enhanced by igneous glass powder were described, which reveals that igneous glass powder is truly a top reinforce material for high performance concrete.

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JERRAM, DOUGAL A., KATHRYN M. GOODENOUGH, and VALENTIN R. TROLL. "Introduction: from the British Tertiary into the future – modern perspectives on the British Palaeogene and North Atlantic Igneous provinces." Geological Magazine 146, no. 3 (March 25, 2009): 305–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s001675680900627x.

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The study of volcanic rocks and igneous centres has long been a classic part of geological research. Despite the lack of active volcanism, the British Isles have been a key centre for the study of igneous rocks ever since ancient lava flows and excavated igneous centres were recognized there in the 18th century (Hutton, 1788). This led to some of the earliest detailed studies of petrology. The starting point for many of these studies was the British Palaeogene Igneous Province (BPIP; formerly known as the ‘British Tertiary’ (Judd, 1889), and still recognized by this name by many geologists around the globe). This collection of lavas, volcanic centres and sill/dyke swarms covers much of the west of Scotland and the Antrim plateau of Northern Ireland, and together with similar rocks in the Faroe Islands, Iceland and Greenland forms a world-class Large Igneous Province. This North Atlantic Igneous Province (NAIP) began to form through continental rifting above a mantle plume at c. 60 Ma, and subsequently evolved as North America separated from Europe, creating the North Atlantic Ocean.

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Han, Chao, Zhichuan Guan, Chuanbin Xu, Fuhui Lai, and Pengfei Li. "Study on Method of Determining the Safe Operation Window of Drilling Fluid Density with Credibility in Deep Igneous Rock Strata." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2021 (April 20, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5514427.

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It is difficult to determine the safe operation window of drilling fluid density (SOWDFD) for deep igneous rock strata. Although the formation three-pressure (pore pressure, collapse pressure, and fracture pressure) prediction method with credibility improves the accuracy of formation three-pressure prediction, it still has a large error for deep igneous strata. To solve this problem, a modified method of the SOWDFD in deep igneous rock strata is proposed based on the leakage statistics of adjacent wells. This method is based on the establishment of the SOWDFD with credibility. Through statistical analysis of drilling fluid density of igneous rock leaky formation group in adjacent wells, the fracture leakage law of the formation is revealed and the upper limit of leak-off pressure containing probability information is obtained. Finally, the modified SOWDFD with credibility for deep igneous rock strata is formed. In this work, the proposed method was used to compute the SOWDFD with credibility of SHB well in Xinjiang, China. Results show that the modified density window is consistent with the field drilling conditions and can reflect the narrow density window in the Permian and lower igneous strata. Combined with the formation three-pressure prediction method with credibility and the actual leakage law of adjacent wells, it can effectively improve the prediction accuracy of the SOWDFD for deep igneous rock strata. The findings of the study can help in better understanding of the complex downhole geological environment in deep igneous rock strata and making reasonable drilling design scheme.

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21

Piccoli, P. M., and P. A. Candela. "Apatite in Igneous Systems." Reviews in Mineralogy and Geochemistry 48, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 255–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2138/rmg.2002.48.6.

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22

Krivolutskaya, N. A., and N. I. Bryanchaninova. "Olivines of igneous rocks." Russian Journal of General Chemistry 81, no. 6 (June 2011): 1302–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070363211060363.

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23

Klein, Cornelis. "Igneous ferment at Hamersley." Nature 385, no. 6611 (January 1997): 25–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/385025a0.

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24

Coffin, M. F. "Large igneous provinces studied." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 73, no. 6 (1992): 66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/91eo00059.

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25

Hoskin, Paul W. O. "Igneous and Metamorphic Petrology." Precambrian Research 128, no. 1-2 (January 2004): 197–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.precamres.2003.08.003.

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26

Vernon, R. H., and W. J. Collins. "Igneous microstructures in migmatites." Geology 16, no. 12 (1988): 1126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1988)016<1126:imim>2.3.co;2.

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27

Genge, Matthew J. "Igneous rims on micrometeorites." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 70, no. 10 (May 2006): 2603–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.gca.2006.02.005.

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28

Bryan, Scott. "Silicic Large Igneous Provinces." Episodes 30, no. 1 (March 1, 2007): 20–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.18814/epiiugs/2007/v30i1/004.

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29

Marsh, Bruce. "Origins of Igneous Layering." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 69, no. 37 (1988): 851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/88eo01112.

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30

Shirley, David N. "Compaction of Igneous Cumulates." Journal of Geology 94, no. 6 (November 1986): 795–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/629088.

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31

McGregor, V. R. "Igneous Petrogenesis. Marjorie Wilson." Journal of Geology 98, no. 5 (September 1990): 799. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/629451.

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32

Termier, Henri. "Igneous and metamorphic petrology." Chemical Geology 49, no. 4 (June 1985): 457–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(85)90009-9.

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Watson, E. Bruce. "Origins of Igneous Rocks." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 53, no. 11 (November 1989): 3108. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(89)90194-4.

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Gromet, L. Peter. "Principles of igneous petrology." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 50, no. 7 (July 1986): 1567. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(86)90336-4.

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Li, Changgui, Yuanhong Tao, and Jingliang Xia. "Study on water stability of asphalt binder with medium weathered igneous rock." E3S Web of Conferences 293 (2021): 02055. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129302055.

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Aiming at the problems of weak acidity of medium weathered igneous rock around Nairobi, Kenya, poor adhesion with asphalt and poor water stability of asphalt binder, the article studied the use of anti-stripping agent, cement, hydrated Lime and other technical measures to improve the water stability of asphalt binder with medium weathered igneous rock. The results showed that the 48h Marshall residual stability of the benchmark asphalt binder without any measures was 78.5%, which did not meet the standard requirements. The Marshall residual stability of medium weathered igneous rock can be significantly improved by adding anti stripping agent, cement and hydrated Lime. After freeze-thaw cycles, the splitting tensile strength of the asphalt binder with medium weathered igneous rock decreased obviously, and the TSR values of the asphalt binder with anti-spalling measures from small to large were K-4, K-3, K-2, K-6 and K-5. The water stability of the medium weathered igneous rock asphalt binder mixed with anti-stripping agent alone had relatively poor durability, and the medium weathered igneous rock asphalt binder mixed with cement and anti-stripping agent had the strongest ability to resist deformation when immersed in water.

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Wenhua, Wang, Wang Zhuwen, Han Ruiyi, Xu Fanghui, Qi Xinghua, and Cui Yitong. "Lithology classification of volcanic rocks based on conventional logging data of machine learning: A case study of the eastern depression of Liaohe oil field." Open Geosciences 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1245–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2020-0300.

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Abstract The reservoirs in the eastern depression of Liaohe basin are formed by multistage igneous eruption. The lithofacies and lithology are complex, and the lithology is mainly intermediate and basic igneous rocks. Based on the integration of debris data of igneous rocks and logging data, this article selected 6,462 continuous logging data with complete cuttings data and five conventional logging curves (RLLD, AC, DEN, GR, and CNL) from four wells in the eastern depression of Liaohe basin as the training set. A variety of lithologic identification schemes based on support vector machine and random forest are established to classify the pure igneous strata and actual strata. By comparing the classification results with the identification data of core slice and debris slice, a practical lithologic classification scheme for igneous rocks in the eastern depression of Liaohe basin is obtained, and the classification accuracy reaches 97.46%.

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Wenhua, Wang, Wang Zhuwen, Han Ruiyi, Xu Fanghui, Qi Xinghua, and Cui Yitong. "Lithology classification of volcanic rocks based on conventional logging data of machine learning: A case study of the eastern depression of Liaohe oil field." Open Geosciences 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 1245–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/geo-2020-0300.

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Abstract The reservoirs in the eastern depression of Liaohe basin are formed by multistage igneous eruption. The lithofacies and lithology are complex, and the lithology is mainly intermediate and basic igneous rocks. Based on the integration of debris data of igneous rocks and logging data, this article selected 6,462 continuous logging data with complete cuttings data and five conventional logging curves (RLLD, AC, DEN, GR, and CNL) from four wells in the eastern depression of Liaohe basin as the training set. A variety of lithologic identification schemes based on support vector machine and random forest are established to classify the pure igneous strata and actual strata. By comparing the classification results with the identification data of core slice and debris slice, a practical lithologic classification scheme for igneous rocks in the eastern depression of Liaohe basin is obtained, and the classification accuracy reaches 97.46%.

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Wang, Jian Dong, Hua Ting Liu, Jun Zhi Zhang, and Ling Jie Wu. "Study on Compressive Strength and Flexural Properties of Igneous Fiber Hydraulic Concrete." Advanced Materials Research 450-451 (January 2012): 56–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.450-451.56.

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This study investigates the compressive strength, flexural strength and flexural modulus of the short-chopped igneous fiber reinforced concrete, short-chopped carbon fiber reinforced concrete and plain concrete. Experimental results show that both short-chopped igneous fiber and carbon fiber can improve the compressive strength and flexural behavior of the concrete significantly, and the reinforcing effectiveness of igneous fiber is better that of carbon fiber.

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Boomeri, Mohammad, Rahele Moradi, and Sasan Bagheri. "Petrology and origin of the Lar igneous complex of the Sistan suture zone, Iran." Geologos 26, no. 1 (April 1, 2020): 51–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/logos-2020-0004.

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AbstractThe Oligocene Lar igneous complex is located in the Sistan suture zone of Iran, being emplaced in Paleocene to Eocene flysch-type rocks. This complex includes mainly intermediate K-rich volcanic (trachyte, latite and andesite) and plutonic (syenite and monzonite) rocks that belong to shoshonitic magma. The geochemical characteristics of the Lar igneous complex, such as an enrichment of LREE and LILE relative to HREE and HFSE, respectively, a negative anomaly of Ti, Ba and Nb and a positive anomaly of Rb and Th are similar to those of arc-type igneous rocks. Tectonic discrimination diagrams also show that rocks of the Lar igneous complex fall within the arc-related and post-collisional fields and K-enrichment of these rocks confirm the post-collisional setting. Based on geochemical features, the Lar igneous complex magma was derived from partial melting of a phlogopite-bearing, enriched and metasomatised lithospheric mantle source and the magma was affected by some evolutionary processes like fractional crystallisation and crustal contamination.

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Storey, Bryan C., Alan P. M. Vaughan, and Teal R. Riley. "The links between large igneous provinces, continental break-up and environmental change: evidence reviewed from Antarctica." Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh 104, no. 1 (March 2013): 17–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175569101300011x.

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ABSTRACTEarth history is punctuated by events during which large volumes of predominantly mafic magmas were generated and emplaced by processes that are generally accepted as being, unrelated to ‘normal’ sea-floor spreading and subduction processes. These events form large igneous provinces (LIPs) which are best preserved in the Mesozoic and Cenozoic where they occur as continental and ocean basin flood basalts, giant radiating dyke swarms, volcanic rifted margins, oceanic plateaus, submarine ridges, and seamount chains. The Mesozoic history of Antarctica is no exception in that a number of different igneous provinces were emplaced during the initial break-up and continued disintegration of Gondwana, leading to the isolation of Antarctica in a polar position. The link between the emplacement of the igneous rocks and continental break-up processes remains controversial. The environmental impact of large igneous province formation on the Earth System is equally debated. Large igneous province eruptions are coeval with, and may drive environmental and climatic effects including global warming, oceanic anoxia and/or increased oceanic fertilisation, calcification crises, mass extinction and release of gas hydrates.This review explores the links between the emplacement of large igneous provinces in Antarctica, the isolation of Antarctica from other Gondwana continents, and possibly related environmental and climatic changes during the Mesozoic and Cenozoic.

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Ahadnejad, Vahid, Ann Hirt, Mohammad-Vali Valizadeh, and Saeed Bokani. "The ammonium content in the Malayer igneous and metamorphic rocks (Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, Western Iran)." Geologica Carpathica 62, no. 2 (April 1, 2011): 171–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10096-011-0014-y.

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The ammonium content in the Malayer igneous and metamorphic rocks (Sanandaj-Sirjan Zone, Western Iran)The ammonium (NH4+) contents of the Malayer area (Western Iran) have been determined by using the colorimetric method on 26 samples from igneous and metamorphic rocks. This is the first analysis of the ammonium contents of Iranian metamorphic and igneous rocks. The average ammonium content of metamorphic rocks decreases from low-grade to high-grade metamorphic rocks (in ppm): slate 580, phyllite 515, andalusite schist 242. In the case of igneous rocks, it decreases from felsic to mafic igneous types (in ppm): granites 39, monzonite 20, diorite 17, gabbro 10. Altered granitic rocks show enrichment in NH4+(mean 61 ppm). The high concentration of ammonium in Malayer granites may indicate metasedimentary rocks as protoliths rather than meta-igneous rocks. These granitic rocks (S-types) have high K-bearing rock-forming minerals such as biotite, muscovite and K-feldspar which their potassium could substitute with ammonium. In addition, the high ammonium content of metasediments is probably due to inheritance of nitrogen from organic matter in the original sediments. The hydrothermally altered samples of granitic rocks show highly enrichment of ammonium suggesting external sources which intruded additional content by either interaction with metasedimentary country rocks or meteoritic solutions.

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42

Meurer, W. P., and A. E. Boudreau. "Compaction of Igneous Cumulates Part Ii: Compaction and the Development of Igneous Foliations." Journal of Geology 106, no. 3 (May 1998): 293–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1086/516023.

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43

Ryder, Graham. "[Comment on “Igneous outbursts and mass extinctions” by Robert S. White] Igneous outbursts." Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 71, no. 12 (1990): 340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/90eo00106.

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44

Zhou, Changlin, Li Li, Rong Zeng, Weihua Chen, and Yuxuan Liu. "Spontaneous imbibition in igneous rocks: effect of KCl concentration, confining pressure, and imbibition direction." Journal of Petroleum Exploration and Production Technology 10, no. 8 (September 4, 2020): 3227–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13202-020-00997-z.

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Abstract Understanding spontaneous imbibition helps to determine the fracturing fluid volume and optimize the flowback design. At present, many studies have mainly focused on shale, but few on igneous rocks. As such, in this study, imbibition experiments were conducted on igneous rocks. The effects of KCl concentration, confining pressure, and imbibition direction on the spontaneous imbibition were systematically investigated. This study then introduces a new imbibition capacity index. The results show that KCl concentration has certain inhibitory effects on igneous rock imbibition, which reduce the absorption of clay minerals to liquid. Different imbibition directions result in distinct imbibition volumes. The co-current imbibition process is similar to fluid leak-off, but this rule is not satisfied in countercurrent imbibition, the n of which is fitted as 0.1.0.3. Increasing the confining pressure will slightly decrease the imbibition capacity of igneous rock. Rock imbibition causes a decrease in the surface hardness and physical properties of igneous rock, and increasing the KCl concentration in the fluid will effectively hinder clay swelling.

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45

Curtis, Michael S., Simon P. Holford, Mark A. Bunch, and Nick J. Schofield. "Seismic, petrophysical and petrological constraints on the alteration of igneous rocks in the Northern Carnarvon Basin, Western Australia: implications for petroleum exploration and drilling operations." APPEA Journal 62, no. 1 (May 13, 2022): 196–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj21172.

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The Northern Carnarvon Basin (NCB) hosts an extensive record of Jurassic–Cretaceous rift-related igneous activity, manifested by a >45 000 km2 intrusive complex and series of volcanic centres constrained by seismic mapping. However, there are relatively few well penetrations of these igneous rocks (<1% of ~1500 exploration wells) in comparison to other basins that witness extensive magmatism, and thus, their lithological and petrophysical characteristics are poorly understood. Here, we describe the properties of igneous rocks encountered in nine petroleum exploration wells and scientific boreholes in the NCB and evaluate their impacts on exploration and development issues. Igneous rocks in the NCB are characterised by pervasive alteration, with ramifications for seismic imaging and drilling. For example, low acoustic velocities in mafic lavas altered to clays in Toro-1 were mistaken for overpressure, whilst intrusive rocks in Palta-1 were initially unrecorded and only recognised due to subsequent post-drilling thermal history analysis. The alteration of mafic igneous rocks to clays reduces acoustic impedance contrasts relative to sedimentary host rocks, making their identification prior to drilling more challenging. Whilst the preferential emplacement of intrusive rocks in Triassic strata deeper than reservoir targets is primarily responsible for the paucity of well penetrations, our findings of extensive alteration of igneous rocks in the NCB suggests that additional wells may intersect as yet unrecognised intrusive or extrusive sequences.

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46

Chen, Zhenlin, Shu Jiang, Hua Wang, Lianfu Mei, Hongbo Miao, and Yu Zou. "Lithology and U–Pb Geochronology of Basement of Cenozoic Yitong Basin in Northeastern China: Implication for Basin Architecture and New Horizon of Deep Natural Gas Exploration." Minerals 8, no. 12 (December 1, 2018): 559. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min8120559.

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The lithology and formation age of basement rocks are significant for the understanding of the nature of basin architecture, evolution and the potential of hydrocarbons of a basin. In this study, the basement lithology of the Cenozoic Yitong Basin is investigated through the petrological analysis of cores, cuttings, and thin sections. The results suggest that the basement rocks of the Yitong Basin are mostly composed of unique igneous rocks that are different from nearby basins’ sedimentary and metamorphic basement. The igneous rocks are dominated by intrusive monzonite granite and alkali feldspar granite. Additionally, U–Pb zircon geochronology of basement samples by LA-ICP-MS and the geological interpretation of apparent resistivity data indicate that the igneous basement in major part of the basin was mainly formed by a lateral intrusion of granite into the Permian sedimentary stratum in the Yanshanian period from 177 to 170 Ma. The results also reveal the two-layer basin architecture with coal-bearing Carboniferous–Permian strata below the igneous basement covered with Tertiary sediments, thus providing a new geologic horizon for deep natural gas exploration in the older coal-bearing sedimentary rocks beneath the current igneous basement.

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47

Yitong, Wang, Li Jingsheng, Sam Zandong Sun, Qiao Wei, Li Yanjie, Ma Yongyi, Shen Yan, and Wang Shuheng. "Study of seismic attributes recognition method of high quality igneous rock reservoir." E3S Web of Conferences 329 (2021): 01058. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202132901058.

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Aimed target area is deeply buried, complex lithology, dual media, reservoir development degree is controlled by a variety of factors, meanwhile, lateral thickness and lithofacies change rapidly, and strata formation is poor. Therefore, igneous rock reservoir has difficulty in predicting, since seismic is complicated to track trace, reservoir attribute analysis is hard to determine the time window, and inversion modeling requires sophisticated. By analyzing, the basalt in the target research area accounts for the principal component of the igneous rock, however, the igneous rocks with relatively developed reservoirs are mostly distributed in the trachyte breccia which has good productivity. The results of petrophysical study indicate that frequency-dependent AVO inversion method is an important means to identify fluid and reservoir prediction, notwithstanding it is difficult to distinguish high-quality reservoirs barely by P-wave impedance. Consequently, AVOF inversion method is appropriately proposed to identify igneous rock reservoir. Foremost, eliminating the effects of algorithm,frequency, spectrum balancing and other factors, then put the improved three-term Aki&Richards frequency-dependent AVO inversion method applying to distinguish igneous reservoir fluid and lithology, for the purpose of carrying out the identification of high-quality reservoirs.

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48

PIRRIE, D., M. R. POWER, J. C. Ø. ANDERSEN, and A. R. BUTCHER. "Platinum-group mineralization in the Tertiary Igneous Province: new data from Mull and Skye, Scottish Inner Hebrides, UK." Geological Magazine 137, no. 6 (November 2000): 651–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0016756800004520.

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In recent years, platinum-group mineral deposits have been reported from several of the Tertiary igneous complexes in East Greenland. These intrusions form part of the same igneous province as the Tertiary igneous centres in northwest Scotland, and recent work confirmed the presence of abundant platinum-group minerals in the Rum Central Complex. In this paper we report for the first time the presence of abundant and diverse platinum-group minerals from the Tertiary Ben Buie intrusion on Mull and the Cuillin Complex of Skye, Inner Hebrides, Scotland. The platinum-group minerals in the Ben Buie intrusion are associated with chromitite layers in ultramafic cumulates. The grains are small (1–2 μm), locally very abundant, and dominated by Pd–Bi–Te–Sb phases. In the Peridotite Series of the Cuillin Complex, the platinum-group minerals are dominated by laurite commonly enclosed within chromite or silicate. A combined orthomagmatic–hydromagmatic origin is proposed for the mineralization. However, the style and type of mineralization differs between each of the igneous centres. Platinum-group element mineralization is a ubiquitous feature of the Tertiary Igneous Province in northwest Scotland and in Greenland and is intimately linked to the regional tectonic setting.

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49

Ekwok, Stephen E., Anthony E. Akpan, Ogiji-Idaga M. Achadu, Cherish E. Thompson, Ahmed M. Eldosouky, Kamal Abdelrahman, and Peter Andráš. "Towards Understanding the Source of Brine Mineralization in Southeast Nigeria: Evidence from High-Resolution Airborne Magnetic and Gravity Data." Minerals 12, no. 2 (January 25, 2022): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12020146.

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Investigation into understanding the genesis of brines in southeast Nigeria was carried out utilizing high-resolution potential field (HRPF) data. This study reveals that igneous intrusions and associated hydrothermal fluids are responsible for brine generation. The obtained result of the analytic signal revealed the locations and spatial distribution of short- and long-wavelength geologic structures associated with igneous intrusions. The low pass filtering, upward continuation, and 2D modelling procedures showed key synclinal structures which coincided well with the location of brine fields. The results showed that salt ponds are common in the neighborhood of igneous intrusions. To validate this finding, a conceptual model describing igneous-related hydrothermal circulation systems that are driven by convective cells of the hydrothermal fluid and overburden loads was generated. This model fits reasonably well into the overall stratigraphic and geologic framework of the study area.

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50

Jiao, Xuxue, Yuanhong Tao, and Longfang Ren. "Study on the adhesion performance of medium weathered igneous rock aggregate and asphalt." E3S Web of Conferences 293 (2021): 02014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202129302014.

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In view of the current situation of the shortage of alkaline aggregate and the abundance of weakly acidic weathered igneous rocks around Nairobi, Kenya, in order to fully improve the adhesion performance of asphalt and acidic igneous rocks, this paper studies the effects of different anti-stripping agents separately and combined on the adhesion performance of asphalt aggregates. The results show that the anti-stripping agent can improve the anti-stripping property of the medium weathered igneous rock aggregate and asphalt, and the effect is better when the anti-stripping agent is combined.

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