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1
Cummins, Robert W. "Identification of commercial items risk factors". Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2003. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/03Mar%5FCummins.pdf.
Abstract (sommario):
Thesis (M.S. in Software Engineering)--Naval Postgraduate School, March 2003.Thesis advisor(s): Norman Schneidewind, Richard Riehle. Includes bibliographical references (p. 162-168). Also available online.
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Giedraitytė, Lina. "Identification of risk factors in cold work /". Luleå, 2002. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1757/2002/22.
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Giedraitytė, Lina. "Identification and validation of risk factors in cold work /". Luleå, 2005. http://epubl.luth.se/1402-1544/2005/24.
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Zeng, Yanni. "The identification of risk factors for major depressive disorder". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/28702.
Abstract (sommario):
For complex traits, population genetic studies ask: to what extent do genetic variation and environmental variation influence, determine and predict phenotypic variation? More specifically, researchers ask two questions. First, how much of the phenotypic variation is genetic in origin? Second, if the genetic component of a trait has been ascertained, then by what mechanisms do the causal variants contribute to the genetic variation that impacts on the phenotype? Previous studies have indicated a polygenic structure for many complex traits, which means that the genetic variation in those traits is the result of the cumulative effect from hundreds or even thousands of genetic variants. To further decipher the polygenic genetic architecture of a complex trait, genetic studies aim to identify the number, the location in the genome, and the distribution of the effect sizes of causal variants, as well as their individual and interacting effects. Linkage analysis and genome-wide association studies (GWAS), either based on single variants or sets of variants categorized by functional annotations, can be applied to map the potentially causal variants in the genome. The identification of disease-associated loci, however, is only the starting point in identifying causal variants. Causal variants are usually difficult to distinguish from the large number of variants in linkage disequilibrium (LD) within the associated loci, and may be in incomplete LD with genotyped variants. Computational prediction integrated with multi-level ‘Omic’ data will help the prioritization of candidate causal variants, which then become important targets for experimental validation (Chapter 1). Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a complex trait, contributes the second most important burden to global disease. Both genetic and environmental components have been suggested for this disorder in previous studies, although a clear partitioning of the contribution of each component and the identification of major contributing components is yet to be achieved. In efforts to map causal genetic variants, genome-wide association studies of MDD have identified few significant associations so far. The polygenic architecture combined with the widespread clinical and genetic heterogeneity of MDD between populations may impede the identification of causal variants (Chapter 2). In this thesis, I will present three studies; the first study estimated the proportions of the phenotypic variation that are genetic or familial environmental in origin in two depression definitions(chapter 3), followed by two studies where distinct (non- GWAS) methods were used to identify candidate causal genetic variants for MDD (chapter 4,5). In detail, in chapter 3, a variance component analysis was applied to GS:SFHS (Generation Scotland: Scottish Family Health Study) to investigate the relative genetic and environmental contributions to diagnosed major depressive disorder (MDD) and self-declared depression (SDD). Models for MDD and SDD that simultaneously included genetic and environmental effects suggested that narrow-sense heritability could be inflated by the environments shared by nuclear family members. The most parsimonious models selected for both MDD and SDD included SNP and pedigree-associated genetic effects and the effect of the common environment of couples. In chapter 4, I integrated pathway analysis and multi-level regional heritability analyses in a pipeline designed to identify MDD-associated pathways. The pipeline was applied to two independent GWAS studies (GS:SFHS and PGC1-MDD). The NETRIN1 signalling pathway showed the most consistent association with MDD across the two samples. Polygenic risk scores (PRSs) from this pathway showed predictive accuracy better than whole-genome PRSs when using AUC statistics, logistic regression and the linear mixed model. In chapter 5, genome-wide Haplotype-block-based regional heritability mapping (HRHM) was applied to identify haplotype blocks significantly contributing to MDD. A haplotype block across a 24kb region within the TOX2 gene reached genotype-wide significance in GS:SFHS. Single-SNP and haplotype based association tests were used to localize the association signal within the region identified by HRHM, and demonstrated that five out of nine genotyped SNPs and two haplotypes were significantly associated with MDD. The results were replicated in the UK-Ireland group in PGC2-MDD. The brain expression of TOX2 and brain-specific LncRNA RP1-269M15.3 were also significantly regulated by MDD-associated SNPs within the identified haplotype block. The three studies highlight the value of the application of multiple population genetics and bioinformatics methods to multiple family-based and population-based cohorts in identification of risk factors for MDD.
5
Dickson, Laurie Marie. "Youth gambling problems : the identification of risk and protective factors". Thesis, McGill University, 2005. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=85150.
Abstract (sommario):
The present study examined the relationship between several risk and protective variables associated with problem gambling, substance abuse, and other multiple risk-taking activities by adolescents. With the goal of identifying protective factors that prevent youth from escalating from social gambling to serious problem gambling, this research examined the relationship between family cohesion, school connectedness, coping and adaptive behaviours, mentor relationships, achievement motivation, involvement in conventional organizations, and the development of three health-compromising outcomes---youth problem gambling, substance abuse, and involvement in multiple risk-taking behaviours (e.g., smoking, unsafe sexual activity, and reckless driving). The sample consisted of 2,179 students, ages 11 to 19, in the Province of Ontario. Family and school connectedness were associated with decreased involvement in excessive gambling, substance use, and multiple risk-taking activities. Furthermore, an examination of the effect of potential protective factors on a set of risk factors predictive of adolescent problem gambling suggested that family cohesion plays a role in the prediction of probable pathological gamblers and those at risk for developing a gambling problem. These findings were interpreted with respect to their implications for the development and implementation of prevention programs.
6
Bhambra, Upinder Kaur. "Heterocyclic amines and human colon cancer : identification of risk factors". Thesis, Imperial College London, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.406359.
7
Bassement, Jennifer. "Identification of fall-risk factors degradation using quality of balance measurements". Thesis, Troyes, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TROY0035/document.
Abstract (sommario):
Les chutes touchent un tiers des personnes âgées de 65 ans et plus et conduit à une perte de mobilité. La détection des risques facteurs de chutes est essentielle pour une intervention précoce.Six facteurs intrinsèques de chute : vision, système vestibulaire, amplitude articulaire, force musculaire, proprioception articulaire et plantaire ont été évalué par des tests cliniques avant et après une dégradation temporaire. L’équilibre a été évalué sur une plateforme de force pour le calcul de 198 paramètres.Les paramètres ont été utilisés comme variables pour la construction de modèle de réseaux de neurones et de régression logistique avec pour objectif de diagnostiquer les détériorations des facteurs testés. Les paramètres pertinents ont été sélectionnés pour être inclus aux modèles. Des modèles comprenant entre 3 et 10 conditions ont été développé, néanmoins seuls les modèles de 5 conditions et moins se sont révélés efficaces. La précision a réussi à atteindre 92% pour le modèle incluant l’amplitude de la cheville, la fatigue et la vision des contrastes.Les mesures de qualité d’équilibre ont permis de détecter des détériorations des facteurs intrinsèques testés. Cependant, ces modèles ne sont efficaces qu’avec peu de conditions. Pour construire un modèle performant avec plusieurs conditions il est nécessaire d’inclure plus de participants lors de la construction du modèle. Un outil de la sorte est intéressant pour la mise en place de programmes de prévention et de rééducationFalls concern a third of the people aged over 65y and lead to the loss of functional ability. The detection of risks factors of falls is essential for early intervention. Six intrinsic risk factors of fall: vision, vestibular system, joint range of motion, leg muscle strength, joint proprioception and foot cutaneous proprioception were assessed with clinical tests before and after temporarily degradation. Standing balance was recorded on a force plate.From the force plate, 198 parameters of the centre of pressure displacement were computed. The parameters were used as variables to build neural network and logistic regression model for discriminating conditions. Feature selection analysis was performed to reduce the number of variables.Several models were built including 3 to 10 conditions. Models with 5 or less conditions appeared acceptable but better performance was found with models including 3 conditions. The best accuracy was 92% for a model including ankle range of motion, fatigue and vision contrast conditions. Qualities of balance parameters were able to diagnose impairments. However, the efficient models included only a few conditions. Models with more conditions could be built but would require a larger number of cases to reach high accuracy. The study showed that a neural network or a logistic model could be used for the diagnosis of balance impairments. Such a tool could seriously improve the prevention and rehabilitation practice
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Kopplin, Laura J. "The Identification of Genetic Risk Factors for Age-Related Macular Degeneration". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1251752708.
9
Hawkins, Richard D. "Injuries in professional football : identification of aetiological factors". Thesis, Loughborough University, 1998. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/7520.
Abstract (sommario):
UK health and safety legislation aims to protect employees from injury at work; professional footballers as employees are therefore covered by this legislation. A risk assessment approach to health and safety issues, as required by the Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1992, has been undertaken to establish the epidemiological and aetiological factors related to injuries in professional football and to identify management and training procedures to reduce the incidence and severity of injuries. Issues of injury frequency and causation during the period 1994 to 1997 were addressed through two routes. First, during the 1994 World Cup Finals, 1996 European Championships, and 1994 to 1997 English league seasons via match analysis. Second, player injuries at four professional football league clubs were recorded by the club physiotherapist. These results provided complementary evidence showing an overall injury rate of 8.5/1000 playing hours, injury rates during training and matches being 3.5/1000 and 27.7/1000 playing hours, respectively. Two thirds of the injuries occurred during competitive match play, the remainder during training, the highest incidences of match and training injuries taking place during the first month of the playing season (P
10
Mokone, Gaonyadiwe George. "Risk factors for Achilles tendon injuries : an emphasis on the identification of specific genetic factors". Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/3270.
Abstract (sommario):
Includes bibliographical references.This main purpose of this thesis was therefore to investigate whether any specific genes on the tip of the long arm of chromosome 9 were associated with Achilles tendon injuries, using a case-control study design. The specific objectives were: (i) to identify all genes located in the 9q32-q34.3 locus in close proximity to the ABO gene, that could be involved in tendon injuries (Chapter 2) and (ii) to investigate the possible association of the identified candidate genes (COL5A1 and TNC with both Achilles tendon rupture and chronic Achilles tendinopathy (Chapter 3 and 4) and (iii) finally to investigate the possible interaction of these two genes with tendon function, namely the muscle-tendon unit flexibility (chapter 5) and structure, namely the morphological changes of the Achilles tendon (Chapter 6).
11
Altoryman, Anood Saleh. "Identification and assessment of risk factors affecting construction projects in the Gulf region : Kuwait and Bahrain". Thesis, University of Manchester, 2014. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/identification-and-assessment-of-risk-factors-affecting-construction-projects-in-the-gulf-region-kuwait-and-bahrain(62ddc6ab-7d43-4e69-bc8b-95b550c62b41).html.
Abstract (sommario):
Many construction projects suffer from mismanagement despite continuous improvement in the field of project risk management. With the construction boom in the Middle East, and especially the Gulf region, construction projects suffer from a high failure rate. The lack of the implementation of standard risk management methods in the construction industry of the Gulf region leads to construction projects that suffer from poor performance, delays, disputes and claims. In order to design a standard risk management model, there is a need for an in-depth study of the construction environment to lay down the foundation for designing a Standard Construction Risk Management Model in the future. This study aims to identify and assess risk factors during the construction phase of construction projects in the Gulf region focusing on two countries of the Gulf region – the State of Kuwait and Kingdom of Bahrain. The risk factors (RF) were identified and assessed and responsiblty shares were allocated to construction parties: clients, consultants and contractors. The research strategy was a Sequential mixed-method. It was adopted by means of interview surveys followed by a questionnaire. The study started with a qualitative approach in which eleven practitioners were interviewed to evaluate and validate a questionnaire. This was followed by questionnaires distributed to a representative sample of 140 consultants, 128 contractors and 139 clients in the State of Kuwait, in addition to 71 consultants, 99 contractors and 78 clients in the Kingdom of Bahrain, to assess the negative impact of the risk factors during the construction phase on the completion of construction projects. Parametric tests were used to analyse the collected data. Including, the Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) test, the independent-samples t-test, and Pearson correlation coefficient (r) test. The study revealed a difference in perception of the risk factors negative impact on project completion between Kuwait and Bahrain, Bahrain perceives highest degree of impact on projects. On the categories level, both countries agreed on the Finance category as the main factor threatening project completion, and the External category as having the least impact. In Kuwait, almost all parties agreed on the negative impact of all categories on project completion except contractors who have different perception on management category. Furthermore, clients and consultants held different perceptions on the impact of design category. Bahrain results reveal significant differences in perceptions on the impact of categories between clients and the other parties, however there are slight differences between consultants and contractors in all categories. The limitations of the study include only large contractors and consultants in Kuwait and Bahrain were included in the study. The study was limited to the construction phase of construction projects and only six categories of risk factors were included in the study and This research was based on practitioners and participants opinions rather than actual occurrences on projects.
12
Eckart, Kerstin. "Identification and Functional Characterization of Genetic Risk Factors in Alzheimer´s Disease". Diss., lmu, 2009. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-102595.
13
Keavney, Bernard. "A genetic investigation of blood pressure and other quantitative cardiovascular risk factors in humans". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343362.
14
Indupuru, Vamsi K. "IDENTIFICATION OF FACTORS RELATED TO MOTORCYCLE FATAL INJURIES IN OHIO". University of Dayton / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=dayton1271189099.
15
McCormack, R. M. "Identification of genetic factors contributing to the development of type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus in the Northern Ireland population". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246427.
16
Laye-Gindhu, Aviva Mia. "Nonsuicidal self-injury in street-involved adolescents : identification of risk and protective factors". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/36741.
Abstract (sommario):
Nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI), or the deliberate, direct, self-inflicted injury to body tissue that occurs in the absence of suicidal intent and developmental disabilities, is a serious and increasingly prevalent health risk among adolescents. Evidence suggests that vulnerable adolescents, such those that are street-involved, are at high risk for negative health outcomes, including NSSI. Using a theoretically and empirically derived model of risk and resilience, this study is the first to identify a broad range of risk and protective factors associated with NSSI. The study involved secondary analysis of data gathered using the Street-Involved Youth Health Survey (SYHS) with a sample of 762 adolescents aged 12-18 across British Columbia. Prevalence of NSSI was 56% and 34% for females and males, respectively, with sexual minority youth three times more likely to report this behaviour.
Results from a series of logistic regression analyses revealed different models of risk and protection for males and females. At the multivariate level, the strongest risk factors for females were previous suicide attempt, risky behaviour, experiencing more consequences of substance use, sexual abuse by two or more perpetrators, and maternal problems. For males, the strongest risk factors were previous suicide attempt, risky behaviour, and being victim of relational aggression. The strongest modifiable protective factors for males and females were better emotional health and family connectedness, with school peer relations for males and subjective health status for females also showing significance. Probability profiles created from different combinations of the final set of salient factors highlight not only the multiplicative risk at play in these youths` lives but also the impact of protective factors to offset risk. For boys, with three risk factors (RF) and three protective factors (PF), the likelihood of NSSI ranged from 9% (0-RF, 3-PF) to 90% (3-RF, 0-PF). For girls, with three risk factors and two protective factors, the likelihood of NSSI ranged from 19% (0-RF, 2-PF) to 99% (3-RF, 0-PF). Profiles in this study underscore the value of risk and protection as powerful tools for developing the knowledge base on NSSI and for guiding prevention and intervention efforts.
17
Allin, Leigh Jouett. "Identification and Modification of Risk Factors Contributing to Slip- and Trip-Induced Falls". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/104155.
Abstract (sommario):
Slips, trips, and falls are a serious public health concern, particularly among older adults and within occupational settings, given that falls contribute to a large number of injuries and associate with high medical costs. To reduce the number of falls, there is a need to better understand risk factors contributing to falls, and to develop and evaluate improved balance training interventions to prevent falls. To address these needs, this work has two primary goals: first, to better understand risk factors contributing to falls, including fatigue and balance reactions after a large postural perturbation, and, second, to develop and evaluate improved reactive balance training (RBT) interventions to reduce risk of falls due to slipping and tripping.
The first study investigated the effects of performing occupationally-relevant fatigue-inducing physical work on trip and fall risk. Healthy young adults performed a simulated manual material handling (MMH) task, using either heavy or light boxes, for two hours. Gait measures related to risk of tripping and slipping were assessed before and after the task. Reactive balance during one laboratory-induced trip was also assessed after the task. Results showed that performing the heavy MMH task did not affect risk of tripping or slipping, or reactive balance after tripping. These results may have resulted from insufficient fatigue due to the MMH task.
The second study investigated the relationship between feet kinematics upon slipping while walking, and the outcome of the slip. Seventy-one laboratory-induced slips were analyzed, which included recoveries, feet-split falls, feet-forward falls, and lateral falls. Feet kinematics differed between these four slip outcomes, and a discriminant model including six measures of feet kinematics correctly predicted 87% of slip outcomes. Two potentially modifiable characteristics of feet kinematics upon slipping that can improve the likelihood of successfully averting a fall were identified: (1) quickly arresting the motion of the slipping foot; and (2) a recovery step that places the trailing toe approximately 0-10% body height anterior to the sacrum. This information may be used to guide the development of improved RBT interventions to reduce risk of slip-induced falls.
The third study evaluated the efficacy of two low-cost, low-tech RBT methods for improving reactive balance after slipping. The two methods were: unexpected slip training (UST), which involved repeated unexpected slips while walking and volitional slip-recovery training (VST), which involved practicing balance reactions after volitionally inducing a slip-like perturbation. Young adults completed one session of an assigned intervention (UST, VST, or control), followed by one unexpected, laboratory-induced slip while walking. Compared to controls, UST and VST resulted in a higher proportion of successful balance recoveries from the laboratory-induced slips. UST improved both proactive control and reactive stepping after slipping, while VST primarily improved the ability to arrest slipping foot motion. These results support the use of UST and VST as practical, low-tech methods of slip training.
The fourth study evaluated the efficacy of RBT that targets both slipping and tripping. Community-dwelling, healthy older adults (61-75 years) completed four sessions of either RBT (treadmill-based trip-recovery training and VST) or control training (general strength and balance exercises). Reactive balance during unexpected laboratory-induced slips and trips was assessed before and after RBT, and compared between subjects at baseline (before the intervention), after control training, and after RBT. The incidence of slip-induced falls differed between groups in that 80% fell at baseline, 60% fell after control training, and 18% fell after RBT. Post-RBT subjects also exhibited less severe slips, compared to baseline and post-control subjects. The incidence of trip-induced falls did not differ between groups, but margin of stability after tripping was greater for post-RBT subjects, compared to post-control subjects. These results show promise for the use of RBT applied to both slipping and tripping to reduce fall risk among older adults.Doctor of Philosophy
Slips, trips, and falls are a serious public health concern, given that falls contribute to a large number of injuries and deaths. Falls are particularly concerning among older adults, who are reported to fall more frequently, and within occupational settings, where falls cause a larger number of injuries and a significant economic burden. To reduce the number of falls, there is a need to better understand risk factors contributing to falls, and to develop and evaluate improved balance training interventions to prevent falls. Four studies were conducted to address these needs: two studies aimed to better understand risk factors contributing to falls, including fatigue and balance reactions after slipping, and two studies aimed to develop and evaluate improved balance training interventions to reduce risk of falls due to slipping and tripping. This work focused on slipping and tripping, because slips and trips are reported to cause a large number of injuries and falls among both workers and older adults. The first study investigated the effect of performing occupationally-relevant fatigue-inducing physical work on trip and fall risk among healthy young adults, and results showed that performing a simulated manual material handling task (i.e. moving and stacking boxes using a two-wheeled dolly) did not affect risk of tripping and falling. The second study investigated the relationship between balance reactions after slipping and the outcome of the slip. Results showed that balance reactions of the feet predicted the outcome of the slip (i.e. recovering balance or one of three types of slip-induced falls) with 87% accuracy. We also identified characteristics of balance reactions that can improve the likelihood of successfully averting a fall. The third study evaluated the efficacy of two low-tech reactive balance training (RBT) methods for reducing slip-induced fall risk among young adults. These methods involved practicing balance reactions after slip-like perturbations, induced either unexpectedly or volitionally. Results showed that both RBT methods improved reactive balance after slipping, but through different mechanisms. The fourth study evaluated the efficacy of a RBT intervention targeting both slipping and tripping among older adults. Results showed that RBT improved reactive balance during both slipping and tripping, and reduced the incidence of slip-induced falls. In conclusion, these results help to better understand risk factors contributing to falls, and support the use of practical reactive balance training interventions targeting both slipping and tripping to reduce fall risk.
18
Kok, Jen. "Laboratory diagnosis and identification of risk factors for severe acute viral respiratory infections". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/14823.
Abstract (sommario):
Worldwide, severe acute respiratory infections (SARIs) cause significant morbidity and mortality. In the United States of America (USA), pneumonia and influenza ranks sixth as the cause of hospitalization among Medicare beneficiaries (available at http://www.cms.gov/Research-Statistics-Data-and-Systems/Statistics-Trends-and-Reports/DataCompendium/2011_Data_Compendium.html, accessed September 18th 2015). In New South Wales, Australia, influenza and pneumonia was responsible for 9.1% of total deaths in 2013 (available at http://www.health.nsw.gov.au/Infectious/Influenza/Documents/2013/december-report.pdf, accessed September 18th 2015). However, these are likely underestimates of the true burden of respiratory infections as undiagnosed infection may result in respiratory or cardiovascular hospitalizations and deaths. Respiratory viruses are commonly diagnosed using nucleic acid tests (NATs) and this is summarized in the review ‘Molecular diagnosis of respiratory viruses’ in Chapter 2. The review outlines the applications, advantages and limitations of using NATs in the diagnosis and clinical management of respiratory virus disease. Some disadvantages of the most commonly used NATs such as real-time reverse-transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) includes the requirement of technical expertise, specialized equipment, and the relatively long turnaround times from specimen collection to results. By contrast, rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) have the advantage of providing results in a clinically meaningful timeframe but not requiring specialized laboratory equipment or expertise to operate. This is an advantage in locations where laboratory facilities are limited. However, these assays are less sensitive compared to rRT-PCR. The two manuscripts ‘Evaluation of the Sofia Influenza A+B fluorescent immunoassay for the rapid diagnosis of influenza A and B’ and ‘Detection of influenza A and B with the Alere i Influenza A&B: a novel isothermal nucleic acid amplification assay’ addresses the issue of new assay sensitivity, and determined that these two RIDTs were less sensitive (33.3 - 77.8%) compared to rRT-PCR for the detection of influenza viruses, particularly for influenza B viruses. Secondary bacterial pneumonia complicating influenza and other viral respiratory tract infections is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality. Rapid diagnosis of bacterial infection allows use of appropriate antimicrobials and obviates the need for further testing. Matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry has revolutionized the rapid identification of bacterial species, reviewed in ‘Current status of matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry in the clinical microbiology laboratory’. The MALDI Sepsityper™ has also allowed the rapid identification and direct antibiotic susceptibility testing of bacteria in blood cultures. Validation of this approach was examined in the manuscripts ‘Identification of bacteria in blood culture broths using matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization Sepsityper™ and time of flight mass spectrometry’ and ‘Rapid and accurate direct antibiotic susceptibility testing of blood culture broths using MALDI Sepsityper™ combined with the BD Phoenix™ automated system’. The recent emergence of two new respiratory viruses, A(H1N1)pdm09 virus and Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV) have had significant worldwide impact. Chapter 3 explores the diagnosis and impact of these novel respiratory viruses at a population level. One manuscript, ‘Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus seroconversion rates in HIV-infected individuals’ investigates the influenza attack rate in HIV-infected individuals through the use of hemagglutination inhibition in plasma collected prior to and after the first pandemic wave of A(H1N1)pdm09. ‘Comparisons of the impact of A(H1N1)pdm 2009 influenza in the Southern Hemisphere winter of 2009: a pooled analysis of seroepidemiological data’ examines the impact of A(H1N1)pdm09 in the Southern Hemisphere, pooling data from seroprevalence studies performed in Australia, New Zealand and Singapore. Both demonstrated high influenza attack rates in a potential at risk HIV population (14.6%), and in the general Southern Hemisphere community (17.5 – 30.8%). The above serostudies and other publications demonstrated difficulties in direct comparison of serosurveys. This was addressed in the comment and correspondence ‘How common was pandemic (H1N1) 2009?’ and ‘The infection attack rate and severity of 2009 pandemic H1N1 influenza in Hong Kong: accuracy amidst ambiguity’. The different serological methods that have been used to perform serosurveys suggests that results between studies are not always comparable, and complicating the determination of the impact of an emerging respiratory virus. Response to a novel or emerging virus requires clinical case definition to determine clinical and public health responses. However, there are limitations in the use of restrictive, yet non-specific definitions. The manuscript ‘Pandemic clinical case definitions are non-specific: multiple respiratory viruses circulating in the early phases on the 2009 influenza pandemic in New South Wales, Australia’ details the presence of multiple respiratory viruses co-circulating during the early phases of A(H1N1)pdm09, and that limiting testing for A(H1N1)pdm09 alone would have failed to detect other clinically relevant viruses in 44.3% of the samples tested. The impact of a influenza B lineage not included in the Southern Hemisphere’s trivalent influenza vaccine of 2015 was assessed in ‘Increased prevalence of influenza B/Victoria lineage viruses during early stages of the 2015 influenza season in New South Wales, Australia: implications for vaccination and planning’. This manuscript details the epidemiology of influenza B viruses circulating in New South Wales during the early stages of the 2015 influenza season, the first season where the quadrivalent influenza vaccine was available in Australia. Twenty-eight percent of the influenza B viruses characterized belonged to the B/Victoria lineage. There are concerns of MERS-CoV, influenza or other severe respiratory virus outbreaks in mass gatherings. This was discussed in the editorial ‘Mass gatherings and the implications for the spread of infectious diseases’. The study ‘Viral respiratory infections among Hajj pilgrims in 2013’ determined that human rhinoviruses (25%) were the most common respiratory virus in Australian, Qatari and Saudi Arabian pilgrims with an influenza-like illness during 2013 Hajj. Of note was that no MERS-CoV was detected in the pilgrim groups. Specific risk factors for poor outcomes following influenza virus infection are well recognized. Although pregnancy has been previously identified as a risk factor for severe influenza infection, early data from the first wave of A(H1N1)pdm09 in Australia suggested that obesity was a novel risk factor. The manuscript ‘Viral pneumonitis is increased in obese patients infected with the pandemic A(H1N1) 2009 virus’ demonstrated that although obese patients were more likely to develop viral pneumonitis, their mortality rates were comparable to patients that were not obese. Another potential risk factor for more severe disease in influenza virus infections is the presence of bacterial and/or viral co-infections. These are explored in the manuscripts ‘The importance of bacterial and viral co-infection in severe influenza’ which examines Australian patients, and ‘Outcomes of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 virus infection: results from two international cohort studies’, a multicentre international study. Viral co-infection was present in 3.2 – 14% and bacterial co-infection in 20.5 – 60.4% of samples tested. This thesis highlights the use and performance of different diagnostic methods to diagnose SARIs at an individual level, estimate the attack rate and impact of novel respiratory viruses, and identify risk factors for severe disease. Further improvements in these areas will contribute to improved patient management, inform strategies to prevent and limit the impact of novel agents of SARIs, and provide future research directions in investigating the pathophysiology and pathogenesis of novel risk factors for poor outcomes.
19
Ruth, Katherine Sarah. "Identification of genetic and non-genetic factors contributing to female reproductive ageing". Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/19189.
Abstract (sommario):
The aim of my work was to identify additional genetic and non-genetic factors influencing female reproductive ageing in humans. Although approximately 50% of population variation in age at menopause is due to genetics, less than 3% of variation had been accounted for by common genetic variants. Of non-genetic risk factors, only smoking had consistently been found to have a strong effect on age of menopause. In the wider context of female reproduction, our understanding of the role of genetics in determining sex hormone levels was limited. By combining the results of research in these different areas, I hoped to improve our knowledge of the biology of female reproductive ageing. Chapter 1 is an introduction in which I discuss the biology of menopause, describe relationships with health and present current knowledge regarding non-genetic and genetic risk factors influencing menopause age. Chapter 2 is an analysis of the associations between non-genetic risk factors occurring in early life with early menopause. We identified an association between multiple births and early menopause, connecting events pre-birth, when the oocyte pool is formed, with reproductive ageing in later life. Chapter 3 is a genome-wide association study to identify genetic variants associated with levels of nine sex hormone related phenotypes. We highlighted loci of relevance to reproductive function, which suggested overlaps in the genetic basis of hormone regulation. Chapter 4 is a genome-wide association study of menstrual cycle length. We showed that a common genetic variant related to follicle stimulating hormone levels and age at menopause is associated with several reproductive traits including length of menstrual cycle. Chapter 5 is an investigation of the relationship between differences in length of normal FMR1 triplet repeat alleles and timing of menopause. We found no association between the length of normal FMR1 alleles and timing of menopause, contradicting the results of smaller studies and replicating a null result in another large study. Chapter 6 is large genome-wide meta-analysis to identify common and low-frequency genetic variants associated with age at menopause. We identified 44 regions containing 54 independent common signals and two rare missense alleles of large effect. Finally, in Chapter 7 I evaluate how this work has benefitted our knowledge of female reproductive ageing and describe directions for future research.
20
Thompson, Susan Lynn. "Provider Identification of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) Risk Factors at Inmate Intake to Prison". Diss., The University of Arizona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/560731.
Abstract (sommario):
The hepatitis C virus (HCV) disproportionately affects the prison population. Studies demonstrate that healthcare provider knowledge of HCV risk factors is insufficient and many individuals are not aware that they are HCV positive. Early identification of HCV status can prompt early treatment and avoidance of complications that contribute to poor outcomes resulting in chronic disease progression. This doctor of nursing practice (DNP) project addresses provider identification of HCV risk factors at initial inmate intake to prison and whether providers obtained HCV testing based on guidelines from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). The principal investigator (PI) conducted a retrospective medical record review at Arizona State Prison Complex (ASPC) Lewis focusing on initial inmate intake forms identifying two of the CDC risk factors for HCV: drug abuse and tattoos; and ascertaining if a providers ordered a HCV test if inmates had one or both of these risk factors. The PI reviewed 51 randomly selected medical records; 40 records met inclusion criteria of 1) inmates who had an initial inmate intake evaluation occurring from 1 October 2013 to 1 October 2014 and 2) documentation of positive HCV risk factors. Analysis of the records showed a mean inmate age of 26.78 years with a variable racial distribution. The risk factor of tattooing was present in 37 (92.5%) of records reviewed and the risk factor of intravenous drug use (IVDU) was present in 7 (17.5%). Only 4 (10%) records of inmates with positive risk factors had a HCV test ordered by the provider: One physician (n=2) and one nurse practitioner (n=2). This project demonstrated a gap in HCV testing in the presence of risk factors in the inmate population at ASPC Lewis which is consistent with studies in the general population. This study does not identify any reasons for this consistency, but raises questions for future studies focused on provider knowledge, education and the institution of HCV testing protocols. This DNP project provides the foundation for a future full quality improvement Plan-Do-Study-Act based project aimed at educating providers about HCV testing according to CDC (2013a) guidelines and subsequently re-evaluating their HCV test ordering practices.
21
Brandt, Stephanie [Verfasser]. "Identification of early childhood and family factors associated with cardiovascular risk factors in pre-pubertal age / Stephanie Brandt". Ulm : Universität Ulm. Medizinische Fakultät, 2012. http://d-nb.info/102929593X/34.
22
Sallis, Hannah Margaret. "Identification of genetic risk factors and assessing causality of modifiable exposures in adolescent depression". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.715801.
23
Tolchard, Barry. "Early identification and the risk factors associated with problem gambling : implications for clinical practice". Thesis, University of Essex, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.496265.
24
Munz, Matthias [Verfasser]. "Identification of genetic risk factors predisposing to the inflammatory oral disease periodontitis / Matthias Munz". Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1187244384/34.
25
Tulu, Getu Segni. "Pedestrian crashes in Ethiopia: Identification of contributing factors through modelling of exposure and road environment variables". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2015. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/86570/8/86570%20Getu%20Segni%20Tulu%20Thesis.pdf.
Abstract (sommario):
Pedestrian safety is a critical issue in Ethiopia. Reports show that 50 to 60% of traffic fatality victims in the country are pedestrians. The primary aim of this research was to examine the possible causes of and contributing factors to crashes with pedestrians in Ethiopia, and improve pedestrian safety by recommending possible countermeasures.
The secondary aim was to develop appropriate pedestrian crash models for two-way two-lane rural roads and roundabouts in the capital city of Ethiopia. This research uses quantitative methods throughout the process of the investigation. The research has applied various statistical methods.
The results of this research support the idea that geometric and operational features have significant influence on pedestrian safety and crashes. Accordingly, policies and strategies are needed to safeguard pedestrians in Ethiopia.
26
Feeney, Susan Anne. "Identification of genetic risk factors for diabetic nephropathy employing case-control and family-based association studies". Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.322856.
27
Lucchesi, Patrik. "Identification of risk factors contributing to venous thromboembolism by Ion Torrent sequencing using an AmpliSeq strategy". Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för lärande och miljö, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-17128.
Abstract (sommario):
Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is a common cardiovascular disease that frequently recurs and is associated with significant numbers of death annually. The influence of the hereditary risk factors is not yet firmly established but twin and family studies suggest that heritability is about 50%. Several genetic risk factors have been identified by genomeHwide association studies (GWAS) but they do not explain all of the missing heritability of VTE. NextHgeneration sequencing (NGS) has revolutionized the genetic analysis of disease and has been used to discover the genes underlying unsolved Mendelian disorders. It has also been used to identify rare alleles which may help explain the missing heritability for complex diseases. The study population of this study consisted of 32 randomly chosen VTE patients from the MATSHstudy (Malmö Thrombophilia Study). The seventeen genes that in earlier studies have been shown to be associated with VTE were examined and the identified VTEHrelated mutations were compared to the general population. The results showed that Ion TorrentHsequencing effectively provided good coverage and read depth in all of the sequenced genes. Optimization of the primer panels resulted in higher and more balanced coverage and the quality of the results in this study was on an overall high level. A total of 215 variants were detected – 62 in exons, 8 in splice and 145 in introns. One Mendelian mutation was detected in PROC and rare variants were found in F2 and FGG. The most common risk factor (F5 Leiden) was highly enriched with 25% in this study compared to 3% in a background population.Venös tromboembolism (VTE) är en vanlig, ofta återkommande, kardiovaskulär sjukdom som associeras med åtskilliga dödsfall årligen. De ärftliga riskfaktorernas påverkan är inte fullständigt kartlagda ännu men tvillingH och familjestudier antyder att ärftligheten kan vara runt 50%. Ett flertal genetiska riskfaktorer har identifierats genom genome$wide association studies (GWAS) men de förklarar inte hela den saknade ärftlighetskomponenten för VTE. NästaHgenerationsHsekvensering (NGS) har revolutionerat den genetiska sjukdomsanalysen och har använts för att upptäcka de gener som ligger bakom tidigare olösta Mendelska sjukdomstillstånd. Man har även använt NGS för att identifiera rara alleler som kan hjälpa till att förklara de saknade ärftlighetskomponenterna för nedärvning av komplexa sjukdomar. Studiepopulationen I den här undersökningen utgjordes av 32 slumpmässigt utvalda VTEHpatienter från Malmö Thrombophilia Study (MATS). De sjutton gener som I tidigare studier har visat sig vara associerade med VTE undersöktes och de identifierade VTEHrelaterade mutationerna jämfördes med en normalpopulation. Resultaten visade att Ion TorrentHsekvensering ger bra täckningsgrad och läsdjup i alla de sekvenserade generna. Optimering av primerHpanelerna resulterade i en mer balanserad täckningsgrad och resultatkvaliteten i den här studien var på en generellt hög nivå. Totalt 215 varianter detekterades – 62 i exon, 8 i splice och 145 i introner. En Mendelsk mutation detekterades I PROC och rara varianter hittades i F2 och FGG. Den starkaste och vanligaste riskfaktorn (F5 Leiden) var högt anrikad i den här studien med 25% jämfört med 3% i en bakgrundspopulation.
28
Tilson, Cynthia Mae. "Examining At-Risk Students Based on Their Attitudes toward Educational Factors: Is There a Gender Difference in Identification of At-Risk Students?" [Johnson City, Tenn. : East Tennessee State University], 2001. http://etd-submit.etsu.edu/etd/theses/available/etd-0627101-133111/unrestricted/tilsonc0713f.pdf.
29
Mitchell, Timothy. "Towards the identification of modifiable personal predictors of low back pain in nursing students". Thesis, Curtin University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11937/1581.
Abstract (sommario):
Low back pain (LBP) remains one of the most common and challenging primary care issues in the developed world. Manual occupations such as nursing are known to involve a high risk of occupational LBP, which is associated with enormous health care expenditure as well as indirect work and disability-related costs. Despite extensive efforts to reduce LBP in nurses, evidence supporting the efficacy of any specific intervention to prevent LBP is limited.The majority of LBP prevention strategies are directed at occupational risk factors in working nurses. However, as there is some evidence that LBP is already a significant problem in nurses prior to commencing full time employment, it is proposed that nursing students should be the focus of prevention interventions. This would require prevention interventions targeting personal rather than occupational LBP risk factors. As the best personal predictor of future LBP is currently a previous history of LBP, further investigation of modifiable personal LBP risk factors is required. Consequently, the aim of this doctoral research was to identify modifiable personal characteristics that predict LBP in nursing students.Firstly, a large survey was conducted on undergraduate nursing students and recently graduated nurses to determine patterns of LBP prevalence. Results from this study indicated that LBP prevalence was very high at the commencement of undergraduate training. Prevalence of LBP did not significantly change during nursing training, but did increase further in the first year of commencing work as a nurse. This increase may be partly explained by the reported increase in occupational exposure to bending and lifting. Age was consistent across the undergraduate year groups and did not influence these findings. It was concluded that nursing students would provide a sufficient number of new-onset LBP episodes (and thus sufficient statistical power) for a prospective study design. Further, as these nursing students were not yet exposed to the occupational LBP risk factors of working nurses, a clearer indication of the influence of modifiable personal factors on the development of LBP could be determined by examining a student cohort.A cross-sectional study investigating the influence of personal physical, psychological and social/lifestyle factors was then conducted on nursing students. Preliminary analysis revealed clear gender differences across multiple domains. Therefore, the focus of further analysis was on the larger female sample.In Part 1 of the cross-sectional study, an investigation of regional differences in lumbar spine posture and movement was undertaken. Analysis of spinal kinematics in this study supported and extended previous literature that has found global lumbar spine kinematics do not accurately reflect the kinematics of the upper lumbar or lower lumbar spinal regions in common postures and movements. Rather, these two regions have a degree of functional independence. This finding has implications for interpretation of measures of spinal posture, motion and loading. Further, body mass index influenced regional lumbar posture and movement, possibly representing adaptation due to load. It was concluded that regional rather than global lumbar spine measures needed to be investigated in further analyses of this doctoral research.In Part 2 of the cross-sectional study, personal characteristics associated with LBP were investigated. Approximately one third of all subjects reported significant LBP in the 12-months preceding the study. Analysis of factors associated with LBP supported the biopsychosocial nature of LBP. Higher stress levels and use of passive coping strategies, increased physical activity levels, holding the lower lumbar spine further from end-range flexion during functional tasks and increased age, all contributed independently to the presence of LBP. These findings supported the hypothesis that modifiable personal characteristics were associated with LBP.The importance of identifying sub-groups of LBP patients has become widely accepted. In Part 3, further exploratory analysis was conducted on this crosssectional data to determine if differences in physical and psychological characteristics were evident in two defined sub-groups of female nursing students with LBP. These sub-groups were based on O’Sullivan’s mechanism based classification system. Results indicated that two sub-groups of LBP subjects had differing physical and psychological characteristics associated with their LBP. Further, control subjects could be distinguished from each of these two sub-groups by different factors. These findings add validity to O’Sullivan’s LBP classification system. Further, the findings may suggest that different combinations of psychological and physical factors are linked to LBP in different sub-groups in this population, and therefore may require different intervention approaches based on these factors.In the final stage of this doctoral research, the cohort of female nursing students was followed prospectively for 12-months. The focus of further analysis was on identifying modifiable personal predictors in a sub-group of subjects with new-onset LBP. The results of this study strongly supported that personal factors from multiple domains are predictors of new-onset LBP. After controlling for previous LBP, age and body weight, regression analysis identified that smoking, increased physical activity levels (both exercise and spinal loading), higher stress levels, reduced back muscle endurance, greater posterior pelvic tilt in slump sitting and more accurate spinal repositioning in sitting were all independent predictors of new-onset LBP. These findings have implications for the development of prevention and management interventions for LBP in nurses.Results from this doctoral investigation support the multi-factorial and biopsychosocial nature of LBP. The important distinction of this research when compared to previous work is the selection of a cohort at the beginning of their working life, with a focus on modifiable personal, rather than occupational factors, associated with LBP. Factors from physical, psychological and social/lifestyle domains were all independently associated with significant new-onset LBP in female nursing students. Interventions utilising a prevention approach that targets modifiable characteristics, such as those identified in this cohort of nursing students, may have the potential to reduce the impact of occupational LBP in this group. These preliminary findings have important implications for future LBP research and clinical interventions.
30
Fassnacht, Daniel B. [Verfasser], e Martin [Akademischer Betreuer] Hautzinger. "Identification of Psychological Risk Factors for Eating Disorder Symptomatology in Women / Daniel B. Fassnacht ; Betreuer: Martin Hautzinger". Tübingen : Universitätsbibliothek Tübingen, 2011. http://d-nb.info/1162626968/34.
31
Judge, Abigail M. Penn David L. "Prospective identification of clinically relevant risk factors influencing illness course in childhood- and adolescent-onset psychotic disorders". Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2008. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2528.
Abstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.Title from electronic title page (viewed Oct. 5, 2009). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Psychology Clinical." Discipline: Psychology; Department/School: Psychology.
32
Mamoghli, Sarra. "Alignement des systèmes d’information à base de progiciel, vers une ingénierie dirigée par les modèles centrée identification des risques". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAD003/document.
Abstract (sommario):
Dans le contexte actuel de compétition exacerbée, les Systèmes d’Information des Petites et Moyennes Entreprises se basent de plus en plus sur des progiciels tels que les ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning. Compte tenu de l’aspect standard de ceux-ci, il est nécessaire de gérer l’alignement entre les besoins réels de l’entreprise et les fonctionnalités standards de l’ERP. Pour ce faire, nous le considérons sous l’angle des risques en définissant le Risque de Non-Alignement (RNA). Sur la base d’un état de l’art du management des risques dans les projets, nous proposons de le traiter selon deux stratégies complémentaires d’optimisation anticipatives : l’une agissant sur son effet et l’autre, sur son occurrence. Notre état de l’art des méthodes d’ingénierie dirigée par les modèles, moyen pour mettre en oeuvre la première stratégie, montre que les processus d’alignement permettant d’identifier le nonalignement, d’évaluer son effet et d’y pallier restent trop macroscopiques pour traiter réellement le RNA. Notre état de l’art sur le management des facteurs de risque, moyen pour mettre en oeuvre la seconde stratégie, met en avant des lacunes au niveau des outils permettant d’identifier et traiter les facteurs agissant sur le RNA. Pour répondre à notre problématique, nous proposons, d’abord, la méthode « Model Driven - ERP Alignment » permettant de (1) guider finement l’identification du non-alignement sur la base de la norme de modélisation d’entreprise ISO 19440 ; (2) d’évaluer son effet et (3) d’y associer les décisions adéquates. Elle prend également en compte le niveau de granularité des activités ainsi que leurs interdépendances. Nous proposons également l’approche « Risk-Factor Driven - ERP Alignment ». Elle consiste en une démarche d’identification et de traitement des facteurs de risque (FR) sur la base des outils suivants : variables des FR, matrice des liens résiduels entre FR, classification des FR en fonction du cycle de vie du projet ERP et matrice FR / pratiques de gestion. Ce travail étant co-financé par la Région Alsace et une PME de la Région Strasbourgeoise, nous avons adopté une démarche de recherche / action qui a, entre autres, permis d’appliquer et valider nos contributionsIn the current context of fierce competition, the Information Systems of SME are increasingly based on “off-theshelf” products like the ERP - Enterprise Resource Planning - systems. As this kind of system offers a generic solution, the alignment between the company’s real needs and the ERP standard functionalities must be ensured. Therefore, we propose to define the so called Misalignment Risk (MR). Our literature review on project risk management leads us to propose two complementary strategies to manage the MR allowing its optimization: the first one works on the effect of the MR and the second one, on its occurrence. Our analysis of the model driven engineering methods, allowing the implementation of the first strategy, shows that: the alignment processes proposed to identify the misalignment, to evaluate its effect and to mitigate it are too macroscopic. Concerning the means to implement the second strategy, we highlight the weaknesses of the tools proposed to support the identification and treatment of the risk factors influencing the MR. We thus propose, firstly the “Model Driven -ERP Alignment” method allowing (i) the identification of the alignment and misalignment situations in a detailedmanner and on the basis of the ISO 19440 norm, (ii) the evaluation of its effect and (iii) its association to adequate decisions. The granularity level and the interdependencies of the processes’ activities are also taken into account. Secondly we propose the “Risk-Factor Driven - ERP Alignment” approach. It consists in the proposition of a process allowing the identification and treatment of risk factors (RF) influencing the MR. to succeed in following tools are set up: RF variables, RF residual link matrix, RF life cycle classification and RF / management practices matrix. As this work is supported by both the Region Alsace and a SME located near Strasbourg, we follow an action / research approach. It allowed us to apply and validate our contributions
33
Carter, Brigit Maria Holditch-Davis Diane. "Identification of risk factors for necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants how race, gender, and maternal health status contribute /". Chapel Hill, N.C. : University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009. http://dc.lib.unc.edu/u?/etd,2863.
Abstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 2009.Title from electronic title page (viewed Jun. 4, 2010). "... in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the School of Nursing." Discipline: Nursing; Department/School: Nursing.
34
Wang, Ming-Dong. "Identification of Risk Factors Associated with Aetiology of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Based on Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis". Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/31145.
Abstract (sommario):
To identify the risk factors being associated with aetiology of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a series of systematic reviews based on existing observational epidemiological studies identified through searching of bibliographic databases were conducted. Associations between ALS and a number of genetic and environmental risk factors were examined using meta-analysis. Specifically we found that previous exposure to lead, pesticides, solvents, experience of trauma and electric shock were associated with relative increased risks of developing ALS of 86% [odds ratio (OR) =1.86, 95% CI: 1.39-2.48], 57% (OR=1.57,95% CI: 1.19-2.08), 47% (OR=1.47, 95%CI: 1.13-1.80), 64% (OR=1.64; 95%CI: 1.36-1.98), and 2.27% (OR=3.27, 95%CI:1.87-5.73) respectively, compared to their corresponding controls. The presence of intermediate CAG repeat expansion in the ATXN2 gene was associated with a 4.4 -fold increase in the risk of ALS (OR=4.44, 95%CI: 2.91-6.76). However, the attributable risk associated with each identified risk factor was estimated to be less than 5% of all ALS cases. These results confirm that ALS is a rare multifactorial degenerative condition of motor-neurons.
35
Al-Sharabi, Faisal. "Identification, Examination and Management of Risk Factors behind Dwelling Fires in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia: A Managerial and Policy Perspective". Thesis, University of Bradford, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/15302.
Abstract (sommario):
Fire incidents are a central issue in Saudi civil defence. Despite detailed regulation concerning firefighting equipment dealing with dwelling fires, fires occur frequently. Globally, research on dwelling fire safety is relatively new. Most studies focus on human factors, incidence and causal issues. Few studies examine management or policy-making perspectives towards managing these individual agents. Thus, a detailed study on understanding the management of these factors for dwelling fires is long overdue. The study uses an inductive approach to investigate key management issues in reducing dwelling fires in Saudi Arabia. This qualitative study consisted of twelve indepth semi-structured interviews and four focus groups with senior managers of the Civil Defence Division dealing with fire safety. A sustainability-based framework is developed to map the critical issues in generating a long-term planning solution to policy and management of fire hazard and risk in Saudi Arabia. Critical drivers of this sustainability approach are good management, regulation, governance practices: especially accountability and transparency; reduction of tribalism, bureaucracy, and burns unit efficiency. However, given the modern environment of communications, information technology and communications, and in particular public education, are viewed as important mediators between drivers and sustainability. The critical role of knowledge generation is also positioned as a mediator. The framework proposed is a paradigm shift from merely managing fire incidents on a case by case basis to a proactive risk reduction strategy. This represents an original solution to managing fire hazards at a national level and an important contribution to the fire management literature.
36
Mitchell, Timothy. "Towards the identification of modifiable personal predictors of low back pain in nursing students". Curtin University of Technology, School of Physiotherapy, 2008. http://espace.library.curtin.edu.au:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=128414.
Abstract (sommario):
Low back pain (LBP) remains one of the most common and challenging primary care issues in the developed world. Manual occupations such as nursing are known to involve a high risk of occupational LBP, which is associated with enormous health care expenditure as well as indirect work and disability-related costs. Despite extensive efforts to reduce LBP in nurses, evidence supporting the efficacy of any specific intervention to prevent LBP is limited.The majority of LBP prevention strategies are directed at occupational risk factors in working nurses. However, as there is some evidence that LBP is already a significant problem in nurses prior to commencing full time employment, it is proposed that nursing students should be the focus of prevention interventions. This would require prevention interventions targeting personal rather than occupational LBP risk factors. As the best personal predictor of future LBP is currently a previous history of LBP, further investigation of modifiable personal LBP risk factors is required. Consequently, the aim of this doctoral research was to identify modifiable personal characteristics that predict LBP in nursing students.
Firstly, a large survey was conducted on undergraduate nursing students and recently graduated nurses to determine patterns of LBP prevalence. Results from this study indicated that LBP prevalence was very high at the commencement of undergraduate training. Prevalence of LBP did not significantly change during nursing training, but did increase further in the first year of commencing work as a nurse. This increase may be partly explained by the reported increase in occupational exposure to bending and lifting. Age was consistent across the undergraduate year groups and did not influence these findings. It was concluded that nursing students would provide a sufficient number of new-onset LBP episodes (and thus sufficient statistical power) for a prospective study design. Further, as these nursing students were not yet exposed to the occupational LBP risk factors of working nurses, a clearer indication of the influence of modifiable personal factors on the development of LBP could be determined by examining a student cohort.
A cross-sectional study investigating the influence of personal physical, psychological and social/lifestyle factors was then conducted on nursing students. Preliminary analysis revealed clear gender differences across multiple domains. Therefore, the focus of further analysis was on the larger female sample.
In Part 1 of the cross-sectional study, an investigation of regional differences in lumbar spine posture and movement was undertaken. Analysis of spinal kinematics in this study supported and extended previous literature that has found global lumbar spine kinematics do not accurately reflect the kinematics of the upper lumbar or lower lumbar spinal regions in common postures and movements. Rather, these two regions have a degree of functional independence. This finding has implications for interpretation of measures of spinal posture, motion and loading. Further, body mass index influenced regional lumbar posture and movement, possibly representing adaptation due to load. It was concluded that regional rather than global lumbar spine measures needed to be investigated in further analyses of this doctoral research.
In Part 2 of the cross-sectional study, personal characteristics associated with LBP were investigated. Approximately one third of all subjects reported significant LBP in the 12-months preceding the study. Analysis of factors associated with LBP supported the biopsychosocial nature of LBP. Higher stress levels and use of passive coping strategies, increased physical activity levels, holding the lower lumbar spine further from end-range flexion during functional tasks and increased age, all contributed independently to the presence of LBP. These findings supported the hypothesis that modifiable personal characteristics were associated with LBP.
The importance of identifying sub-groups of LBP patients has become widely accepted. In Part 3, further exploratory analysis was conducted on this crosssectional data to determine if differences in physical and psychological characteristics were evident in two defined sub-groups of female nursing students with LBP. These sub-groups were based on O’Sullivan’s mechanism based classification system. Results indicated that two sub-groups of LBP subjects had differing physical and psychological characteristics associated with their LBP. Further, control subjects could be distinguished from each of these two sub-groups by different factors. These findings add validity to O’Sullivan’s LBP classification system. Further, the findings may suggest that different combinations of psychological and physical factors are linked to LBP in different sub-groups in this population, and therefore may require different intervention approaches based on these factors.
In the final stage of this doctoral research, the cohort of female nursing students was followed prospectively for 12-months. The focus of further analysis was on identifying modifiable personal predictors in a sub-group of subjects with new-onset LBP. The results of this study strongly supported that personal factors from multiple domains are predictors of new-onset LBP. After controlling for previous LBP, age and body weight, regression analysis identified that smoking, increased physical activity levels (both exercise and spinal loading), higher stress levels, reduced back muscle endurance, greater posterior pelvic tilt in slump sitting and more accurate spinal repositioning in sitting were all independent predictors of new-onset LBP. These findings have implications for the development of prevention and management interventions for LBP in nurses.
Results from this doctoral investigation support the multi-factorial and biopsychosocial nature of LBP. The important distinction of this research when compared to previous work is the selection of a cohort at the beginning of their working life, with a focus on modifiable personal, rather than occupational factors, associated with LBP. Factors from physical, psychological and social/lifestyle domains were all independently associated with significant new-onset LBP in female nursing students. Interventions utilising a prevention approach that targets modifiable characteristics, such as those identified in this cohort of nursing students, may have the potential to reduce the impact of occupational LBP in this group. These preliminary findings have important implications for future LBP research and clinical interventions.
37
Ianotto, Jean-Christophe. "Néoplasies myéloprolifératives et thromboses : épidémiologie et identification des facteurs de risque". Thesis, Brest, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BRES0017.
Abstract (sommario):
Les néoplasies myéloprolifératives (NMP) sont des hémopathies myéloïdes clonales, chroniques et prolifératives. Les plus fréquentes sont la polyglobulie de Vaquez et la thrombocytémie essentielle. Elles s’accompagnent de risques importants de thrombose (artérielles et veineuses) et de transformation en pathologies plus agressives (myélofibrose secondaire et leucémie aigüe). Les thromboses peuvent être la situation diagnostique de ces maladies, ou survenir au cours de la prise en charge. Le sujet de cette thèse est d’étudier la relation clinique entre NMP et thrombose. Dans un contexte de survenue de thrombose veineuse idiopathique, sans antécédent NMP, nous nous sommes intéressés à la recherche de mutation clonale chez les patients comme moyen diagnostique d’une NMP. Nous avons ainsi exploité la cohorte EDITH du CIC en prenant les patients ayant expérimentés un puis une récurrence thrombotique. A l’inverse, nous avons constitué une base de données (OBENE) des patients pris en charge pour une NMP au CHRU de Brest.Nous avons ensuite exploité cette base, en analysant la fréquence et l’impact des arythmies cardiaques auriculaires, la balance bénéfice-risque à l’utilisation des NACO, l’impact des statines sur la réduction du risque de thrombose ainsi que la fréquence et l’impact de la nonadhérence aux traitements dans les PV et TE.NMP et thromboses sont liées, il est donc nécessaire d’approfondir les connaissances de leur physiopathologie spécifique pour améliorer la prévention et le traitement des épisodes. Cette thèse amène quelques réponses àcertaines questions mais elle est surtout le point de départ de réflexion commune entre les praticiens et biologistes intéressés par ces domainesThe myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are clonal myeloid, chronic and proliferative disorders. The most frequent are polycythemia vera and essential thrombocythemia. The more frequent complications are thromboses (arterial and venous) and phenotypic evolutions (secondary myelofibrosis and acute leukemia). Thromboses can be a situation of diagnosis or observed during the followup of a MPN. This thesis is focused on the clinical link between MPN and thromboses.In a context of idiopathic venous thromboses (first event or recurrence), without medical history of MPN, we have tested patients for the most frequent MPN clonal mutations. So, we have used the informations and patients of the dedicated EDITH cohort.On the other hand, we have constituted a MPN database (OBENE) of the patients diagnosed for MPN in our Hospitalcentre. By this way, we have analysed the frequency and impact of atrial arrhythmias, the benefit-risk balance of the use of DOAC, the impact of statins to reduce the thrombotic risk and the frequency and impact of the treatment nonadherence in this population.MPN and thromboses are linked, so it is necessary to increase our knowledge of their physiopathology to improve prevention and treatment of the events. This thesis brings some answers to some questions but, she is almost the starting point of common reflexion between clinicians and biologists interested in these domains
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Cai, Wei [Verfasser]. "Evaluation of using ICD-10 code data for RSV surveillance and identification of risk factors for RSV disease / Wei Cai". Berlin : Medizinische Fakultät Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 2021. http://d-nb.info/124153828X/34.
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Stanfield, Jennifer Renee. "Identification and Quantification of Workstation Set Up on Risk Factors Associated with the Development of Low Back and Neck Discomfort". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/35013.
Abstract (sommario):
Work related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSD) remain the focus of research efforts as costs associated with these disorders range from 13 to 54 billion dollars annually. WMSDs associated with the back and neck compromise almost 27% of all reported WMSDs. Approximately 1/3 of visual display terminal (VDT) operators report back and neck pain annually (BLS, 1998). Physical risk factors of VDTs associated with low back and neck WMSDs include static work postures and workstation design. The objectives of this study were to assess the effects of monitor height, chair type and their interaction on task performance, back/neck electromyography (EMG), perceived discomfort, and number of posture shifts. Both monitor height and chair type were assessed using two levels (high and low). Participants, four male and four female college age students, performed two data entry tasks using a standard keyboard and monitor and a fully adjustable bi-level table. In addition to the experimenter defined workstation configurations, participants were allowed to adjust their workstation to their preferred settings. Analysis of variance was performed to assess differences in task performance, perceived level of discomfort, number of posture shifts, and EMG data associated with various combinations of monitor height and chair type. Correlation analysis was performed to assess the relationship between participant's perceived discomfort and measured muscle activity to help determine if these two measurements could be used interchangeably to assess workstation design.
No effect of workstation configuration (monitor height/chair type) was found for the majority of dependent variables. An exception was that configuration of low monitor, high chair, and their interaction generated significantly more muscle activity for the low back. User preferred settings were not found to differ significantly from those investigated with respect to muscle activity, perceived discomfort, posture shifts, and performance. Additionally, it was found the participants chose to position the iii workstation according to guidelines suggested in the literature for reducing WMSD discomfort.
Task effects were found for performance, posture shifts, and perceived level of discomfort. Higher levels of performance and posture shifts for the neck were associated with the typing task, as opposed to the math task. Higher levels of neck discomfort, posture shifts of the feet and posture shifts of the back were associated with the math task.
Correlation analysis provided evidence that perceived discomfort reported by participants and muscle activity for job tasks may not be related. Observed muscle activity for the tasks investigated in this study was low and in some instances, close to resting activity. Due to low levels of EMG, participants may not have been cognizant of their back and neck muscle activity, offering an explanation for why participants experience a cumulative effect of workstation design and seated postures, but linking particular causal factors to the development of LBP and NP is difficult.
The findings of this study suggest that there are no gross physical differences between the chair types or monitor heights as defined in this study. Other factors (such as user preferences, job task demands, specific chair parameters, etc.) may significantly effect chair selection. This study found that task was a significant effect for the majority of dependent variables, and therefore may need to be a major factor driving workstation design. Workstation configuration will help determine the type of static posture assumed at a workstation, but the "discomfort or number of posture shifts" associated with that workstation and posture might be more a result of the job task requirements.Master of Science
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Graziosi, Agnese <1992>. "Modeling Alzheimer disease with iPSCs and mouse model for the identification of risk factors, new targets, and potential therapeutical strategies". Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2021. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/9847/1/Graziosi_Agnese_tesi.pdf.
Abstract (sommario):
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common neurodegenerative disease in elderly. Donepezil is the first-line drug used for AD. In section one, the experimental activity was oriented to evaluate and characterize molecular and cellular mechanisms that contribute to neurodegeneration induced by the Aβ1-42 oligomers (Aβ1-42O) and potential neuroprotective effects of the hybrids feruloyl-donepezil compound called PQM130. The effects of PQM130 were compared to donepezil in a murine AD model, obtained by intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) injection of Aβ1-42O. The intraperitoneal administration of PQM130 (0.5-1 mg/kg) after i.c.v. Aβ1-42O injection improved learning and memory, protecting mice against spatial cognition decline. Moreover, it reduced oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and neuronal apoptosis, induced cell survival and protein synthesis in mice hippocampus. PQM130 modulated different pathways than donepezil, and it is more effective in counteracting Aβ1-42O damage. The section two of the experimental activity was focused on studying a loss of function variants of ABCA7. GWA studies identified mutations in the ABCA7 gene as a risk factor for AD. The mechanism through which ABCA7 contributes to AD is not clear. ABCA7 regulates lipid metabolism and critically controls phagocytic function. To investigate ABCA7 functions, CRISPR/Cas9 technology was used to engineer human iPSCs and to carry the genetic variant Y622*, which results in a premature stop codon, causing ABCA7 loss-of-function. From iPSCs, astrocytes were generated. This study revealed the effects of ABCA7 loss in astrocytes. ABCA7 Y622* mutation induced dysfunctional endocytic trafficking, impairing Aβ clearance, lipid dysregulation and cell homeostasis disruption, alterations that could contribute to AD. Though further studies are needed to confirm the PQM130 neuroprotective role and ABCA7 function in AD, the provided results showed a better understanding of AD pathophysiology, a new therapeutic approach to treat AD, and illustrated an innovative methodology for studying the disease.
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Chaumette, Boris. "Identification de facteurs biologiques de la transition psychotique". Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016USPCB046/document.
Abstract (sommario):
La psychose est un syndrome apparaissant progressivement à l’adolescence chez des individus à risque selon un processus dynamique appelé transition psychotique. Ces individus à risque sont repérables cliniquement mais les données biologiques actuelles sont insuffisantes pour expliquer l’apparition de la psychose. Au cours de cette thèse, nous avons cherché à identifier les facteurs biologiques responsables de ce processus. Les hypothèses permettant d’expliquer la transition psychotique privilégient l’interaction gène x environnement, sous-tendue par des mécanismes épigénétiques. Nous avons mené une étude des modifications de la méthylation de l’ADN et de la transcription à l’aide de techniques de biologie moléculaire et de bio-informatique à l’échelle pan-génomique. La transition psychotique semble être liée à des modifications de méthylation et de transcription de gènes impliqués dans des mécanismes comme le guidage axonal ou la régulation du stress oxydatif. Ces modifications longitudinales pourraient refléter l’influence de l’environnement. Les facteurs environnementaux pourraient déréguler l’axe biologique du stress dès les phases précoces de la maladie, comme le suggère l’augmentation de la sécrétion de cortisol basal que nous avons montré chez les individus à risque. En outre, il est probable que des spécificités au niveau des gènes et des processus régulant l’épigénome soient également impliquées dans cette réponse individuelle à l’environnement. Nous avons montré l’importance du métabolisme mono-carboné au moins dans un sous-groupe spécifique de patients. Ces résultats doivent être répliqués et étendus dans d’autres paradigmes pour valider l’implication de ces processus dans la transition psychotique. En cas de confirmation, ces voies biologiques pourraient s’avérer être des pistes intéressantes pour développer des thérapeutiques ciblées et relever le défi de la prévention de la psychose chez des individus à risquePsychosis is a progressive mental disorder which normally occurs during adolescence in at-risk subjects following a dynamic process termed “psychotic transition”. These at-risk subjects are clinically identifiable but biological data are still insufficient in explaining the onset of psychosis. Throughout this thesis, we aim to identify biological factors implicated in this pathophysiological process. Current hypotheses explaining the psychotic transition favor the interaction between genes and the environment mediated by epigenetic mechanisms. We conducted studies examining methylomic and transcriptomic changes during psychotic transition using molecular biology and bioinformatics techniques at a whole genome scale. Our results suggest that psychotic transition may be linked to methylomic and transcriptomic changes in genes implicated in axon guidance or oxidative stress. These longitudinal changes could be related to environmental factors. Some of these factors could deregulate the hormonal stress response at the earliest phases of psychosis. Indeed, our results show that secretion of basal cortisol is increased in prodromal individuals. Moreover, it is likely that genes and processes regulating epigenetic modifications are also implicated in the individual response to the environment. We have shown the importance of the one-carbon metabolism for at least one sub-group of patients affected by psychosis. Our results should be replicated using other paradigms in order to definitively validate the implication of these various actors in the psychotic transition. If confirmed, knowledge of these biological mechanisms could lead to the development of targeted therapeutics to prevent psychosis in at-risk individuals
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Richards, Heather G. "The quantitative epidemiology of canine neoplastic disease : risk factor identification using diagnostic histopathology data". Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2003. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.401644.
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Asaeikheybari, Golnoush. "WORKPLACE ENVIRONMENTAL AND BEHAVIORAL RISK FACTOR IDENTIFICATION AND MONITORING SYSTEM USING WEARABLE SENSOR TECHNOLOGY". Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1596820612674035.
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Ramos, Erin Michele. "Public health genetics of Alzheimer's disease : from the identification of genetic risk factors to the public policies surrounding long-term care insurance /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/8439.
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Shoemaker, Trevor. "Surveillance et épidémiologie des fièvres hémorragiques virales (FHV) : identification de l'émergence, de la séroprévelance et des facteurs de risque des FVH en Ouganda". Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTG044.
Abstract (sommario):
Les fièvres hémorragiques virales (FHV) constituent un groupe de maladies causées principalement par des virus à ARN. Ils infectent à la fois les humains et les animaux (zoonotiques) et se caractérisent cliniquement par une forte fièvre et des symptômes hémorragiques parfois graves, en particulier aux stades ultimes de la maladie. Les virus des genres Ebolavirus et Marburgvirus, de la famille Filoviridae, sont connus pour provoquer des fièvres hémorragiques sous leur forme «classique». D’autres familles de virus, comme les Phenuiviridae (virus de la fièvre de la fièvre de la Vallée du Rift (FVR)), Nairoviridae (le virus de la fièvre hémorragique de Crimée-Congo (FHCC)), et Arenaviridae (virus de Lassa) font aussi partie des FHV.Les manifestations cliniques précoces des FHV incluent maux de tête, fièvre, malaises, anorexie, arthralgie, et divers degrés de sévérité de nausées, vomissements et diarrhée, évoluant ensuite en hémorragies externes ou internes, en insuffisance rénale et en état de choc. Les patients infectés par des FHV présentent ces signes avec différents degrés de gravité et ne développent pas tous un syndrome hémorragique classiqueViral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are a group of diseases caused by RNA viruses. They infect both humans and animals (zoonotic) and are clinically characterized by acute onset of high fever and sometimes severe hemorrhagic symptoms especially in the late stages of the disease. Viruses in the genera Ebolavirus and Marburgvirus in the family Filoviridae are known as causing “classical” hemorrhagic fever disease. Other viral families that cause VHFs include Phenuiviridae (Rift Valley fever virus), Nairoviridae (Crimean-Congo Hemorrhagic Fever virus), and Arenaviridae (Lassa virus)
46
Dahlgren, Ida. "Identification of risk factors associated withunplanned readmission, palliative decision ormortality within 30 days at the acute admissionsunit during 2019 – a retrospective cohort study". Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för medicinska vetenskaper, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-86724.
Abstract (sommario):
Introduction: A recent study at the acute admission unit (AAU), revealed that 13.5 percent ofall patients discharged from the department, were readmitted within 30 days during 2018. Inthe group of 80 years and above, the cause for re-admission was multifactorial. Aim: To identify factors that are associated with unplanned re-admission, palliative decision,or death within 30 days after discharge from the AAU, in patients of 80 years or above. Anotheraim is to examine if longer hospital stay, patient discharge planning and fast follow-up canprotect against these outcomes. Methods: A retrospective cohort study comprising 287 patients. Data on age, sex, length ofstay, comorbidities (Elixhauser comorbidity index), frailty (Clinical frailty scale), NationalEarly Warning Score (NEWS), social status, home care, lab values and outcome were collected.All variables were analyzed using Chi-square test with univariate and multivariate logisticregression, and a p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: 276 patients were included. A NEWS ≥ 3 was associated with significantly increasedrisk for poor outcome (odds ratio 2.4). Living with someone without municipal support wasassociated with a significantly decreased risk for poor outcome (odds ratio 0.21). Conclusions: The results indicate that it is crucial to stabilize patients of 80 years or abovebefore discharge. And that living with someone without municipal support is a protective factor.
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Ameku, Tomonaga. "Identification of MMP1 as a novel risk factor for intracranial aneurysms in ADPKD using iPSC models". Kyoto University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/218005.
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Isovaara, Lova, e Linnéa Lind. "Är alla människor potentiella terrorister? En systematisk litteraturstudie om riskfaktorer för terrorism". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-24365.
Abstract (sommario):
Terrorism är ett växande samhällsproblem som kräver insatser riktade mot de bakomliggande riskfaktorerna för att ett preventivt arbete ska kunna bedrivas gynnsamt. Säkerhetspolisen har gjort ett utlåtande där de informerar om att hotnivån för terrorangrepp i Sverige har ökat under de senaste åren. Syftet med studien är därför att identifiera riskfaktorer för terrorism. För att uppnå detta genomfördes en systematisk litteraturstudie. Flertalet sökningar genomfördes i tre olika databaser vilka utmynnade i elva studier som kom att ligga till grund för resultatet. Resultatet visade att det finns olika riskfaktorer för terrorism. Övergripande kategorier som identifierats är individegenskaper, mental hälsa, sociala faktorer, politik, religiös tillhörighet och sociala medier. De mest framträdande riskfaktorerna var individegenskaper inklusive mental hälsa och de sociala faktorerna. Resultatet visade tydliga tecken på en logisk följd från en barndom präglad av problematik till ett avvikande högriskbeteende i vuxen ålder. Det är av stor vikt att berörda yrkesgrupper besitter rätt kunskap för att effektivt kunna identifiera en potentiell terrorist i tid. Individer som visar tendenser för våld och sympatier för våldsbejakande extremism kan likaså anses tillhöra en riskgrupp för involvering i terrorism. Att förhindra individer från att ta steget till ett våldsbeteende eller terrorism skulle inte bara på en mikronivå gynna individen och dess omgivning utan även samhället som stort. De emotionella skador och ekonomiska förluster som terrorangrepp medför kan förminskas med ett fungerande preventivt arbete.Terrorism is a growing problem in our society and needs interventions targeting the underlying causes to enable a favorable work of prevention. Säkerhetspolisen (The Swedish Security Service) regularly informs about the level of threat for terror attacks in Sweden. During the last years the threat level has increased. The purpose of the study is therefore to identify risk factors for terrorism. To achieve this, a systematic literature review has been performed. Multiple searches were made in three different databases which culminated in eleven studies that came to be the foundation for the result. The result showed that terrorism has multiple different explanations. Categories that have been identified are individual characteristics, mental health, social factors, politics, religion and social medias. The most prominent risk factors were individual characteristics including mental health and social factors. The result also showed clear signs of a logic sequence from a childhood marked by problems to a deviant high risk behavior in adulthood. It is essential that concerned professions have the right knowledge to enable efficient identification of potential terrorists in time. Individuals with tendencies for violence and sympathies for violent extremism can be placed in a high risk group for involvement in terrorism. To stop individuals from moving towards violent behavior and terrorism would not just on a micro level be beneficial for the individual itself and it’s surroundings, but also for the society. The emotional damages and economic losses that come with terror attacks can be reduced with a functional work of prevention.
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Zakula, Sarah Ashley. "EARLY IDENTIFICATION OF METHICILLIN RESISTANT STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS IN HOSPITALIZED PATIENTS USING THE MRSA RISK FACTOR ASSESSMENT TOOL". Thesis, The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/197264.
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Harshfield, Eric Leigh. "Genomics of lipid metabolism : identification of genetic determinants of lipid metabolites and the effect of perturbations of lipid levels on coronary heart disease risk factors". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/277818.
Abstract (sommario):
Background: Coronary heart disease (CHD) is one of the leading causes of death worldwide, and global mortality rates are expected to continue to rise over the coming decades. In Pakistan in particular, chronic diseases are responsible for 50% of the total disease burden. Circulating lipids are strongly and linearly associated with risk of CHD; however, despite considerable efforts to demonstrate causality, available evidence is conflicting and insufficient. Study of the underlying metabolic pathways implicated in the association between lipids and CHD would help to disentangle and elucidate these complex relationships. Objectives: The primary objectives of this dissertation were to (1) identify the genetic determinants of lipid metabolites and (2) advance understanding of the effect of perturbations in lipid metabolite levels on CHD and its risk factors. Methods: Direct infusion high-resolution mass spectrometry was performed on 5662 participants from the Pakistan Risk of Myocardial Infarction Study to obtain signals for 444 known lipid metabolites. Correlations and associations of the lipids with smoking, physical activity, circulating biomarkers, and other CHD risk factors were assessed. Genome-wide analyses were conducted to analyse the association of each lipid with over 6.7 million imputed single nucleotide polymorphisms. Functional annotation and Gaussian Graphical Modelling were used to link the variants associated with each lipid to the most likely mediating gene, discern the underlying metabolic pathways, and provide a visual representation of the genetic determinants of human metabolism. Mendelian randomisation was also implemented to examine the causal effect of lipids on risk of CHD. Results: The lipids were highly correlated with each other and with levels of major circulating lipids, and they exhibited significant associations with several CHD risk factors. There were 254 lipids that had significant associations with one or more genetic variants and 355 associations between lipids and variants, with a total of 89 sentinel variants from 23 independent loci. The analyses described in this dissertation resulted in the discovery of four novel loci, identified novel relationships between genetic variants and lipids, and revealed new biological insights into lipid metabolism. Conclusion: Analyses of lipid metabolites in large epidemiological studies can contribute to enhanced understanding of mechanisms for CHD development and identification of novel causal pathways and new therapeutic targets.