Tesi sul tema "Identification de cibles thérapeutiques"
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Colleville, Bérénice. "Identification de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques dans le rétrécissement aortique". Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR084/document.
Testo completoAortic stenosis (AS) is the most common valvulopathy in Western countries and affects approximately 2% of subjects over 65 years of age. Originally considered a passive age-related degeneration of the aortic valve, AS is currently considered a complex and highly regulated pathology that results in thickening and calcification of aortic valve leaflets. To date the mechanisms initiating and promoting the progression of AS are not completely understood and secondly, no treatment has been effective to slow or stop its evolution. Aortic valve replacement (surgical or percutaneous) remains the only treatment for severe aortic stenosis. On the other hand, there is no reliable and reproducible animal model of AS to better understand the pathophysiology of this valvulopathy and to test new therapeutic targets. In the laboratory, we hypothesized that valvular endothelial dysfunction plays an important role in the initiation and progression of AS and we wish to use an animal model to evaluate the effect of new therapeutics. This work focuses on assessing the role of the endothelinergic system in AS and the development of a novel mouse animal model of AS. First, we used the EgfrWa2/Wa2 mouse model. This model is induced by the substitution of the amino glycine residue by a valine. The EgfrWa2/Wa2 mice homozygous for the mutation have their tyrosine kinase activity decreased by 90%. This model induces fibrous thickening of the leaflets with little calcification, but the increase in transaortic flow is not related to AS but to aortic regurgitation (AR). In this model we evaluated the effect of a fat-enriched diet and vitamin D3 supplementation. Despite increased serum levels of cholesterol, vitamin D3 and serum calcium, we did not observe an increase in calcification. The EgfrWa2/Wa2 model remains essentially a model of AR whereas AS remains rare or absent. Second, we evaluated the role of the endothelinergic system in primary cultures of human interstitial valvular (hVICs) and endothelial (hVECs) cells, obtained from AS patients treated by surgical aortic valve replacement. The valves of patients treated by a Bentall procedure were used as a control group. We first observed, by quantitative RT-PCR, that stenotic valves showed an increase in mRNA encoding endothelin and for its ET-B receptor and a decrease in the endothelin converting enzyme in the hVECs compared to the control valves. The ET-B receptor was also overexpressed in the hVICs compared to the control valves. We did not find any variation in expression of its ET-A receptor in hVICs. We then assessed the effect of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the hVICs. We found that hVICs calcify when they are in the presence of ET-1. These data suggest involvement of the endothelinergic system in aortic valve calcification. Further studies are needed to better understand its involvement, notably by evaluating the effect of endothelin receptor antagonist in hVICs cultures and then in a reliable animal model mimicking this pathology
Colleville, Bérénice. "Identification de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques dans le rétrécissement aortique". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR084.
Testo completoAortic stenosis (AS) is the most common valvulopathy in Western countries and affects approximately 2% of subjects over 65 years of age. Originally considered a passive age-related degeneration of the aortic valve, AS is currently considered a complex and highly regulated pathology that results in thickening and calcification of aortic valve leaflets. To date the mechanisms initiating and promoting the progression of AS are not completely understood and secondly, no treatment has been effective to slow or stop its evolution. Aortic valve replacement (surgical or percutaneous) remains the only treatment for severe aortic stenosis. On the other hand, there is no reliable and reproducible animal model of AS to better understand the pathophysiology of this valvulopathy and to test new therapeutic targets. In the laboratory, we hypothesized that valvular endothelial dysfunction plays an important role in the initiation and progression of AS and we wish to use an animal model to evaluate the effect of new therapeutics. This work focuses on assessing the role of the endothelinergic system in AS and the development of a novel mouse animal model of AS. First, we used the EgfrWa2/Wa2 mouse model. This model is induced by the substitution of the amino glycine residue by a valine. The EgfrWa2/Wa2 mice homozygous for the mutation have their tyrosine kinase activity decreased by 90%. This model induces fibrous thickening of the leaflets with little calcification, but the increase in transaortic flow is not related to AS but to aortic regurgitation (AR). In this model we evaluated the effect of a fat-enriched diet and vitamin D3 supplementation. Despite increased serum levels of cholesterol, vitamin D3 and serum calcium, we did not observe an increase in calcification. The EgfrWa2/Wa2 model remains essentially a model of AR whereas AS remains rare or absent. Second, we evaluated the role of the endothelinergic system in primary cultures of human interstitial valvular (hVICs) and endothelial (hVECs) cells, obtained from AS patients treated by surgical aortic valve replacement. The valves of patients treated by a Bentall procedure were used as a control group. We first observed, by quantitative RT-PCR, that stenotic valves showed an increase in mRNA encoding endothelin and for its ET-B receptor and a decrease in the endothelin converting enzyme in the hVECs compared to the control valves. The ET-B receptor was also overexpressed in the hVICs compared to the control valves. We did not find any variation in expression of its ET-A receptor in hVICs. We then assessed the effect of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the hVICs. We found that hVICs calcify when they are in the presence of ET-1. These data suggest involvement of the endothelinergic system in aortic valve calcification. Further studies are needed to better understand its involvement, notably by evaluating the effect of endothelin receptor antagonist in hVICs cultures and then in a reliable animal model mimicking this pathology
Rakotondrahaso, Valomanda. "Identification de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques dans le cancer de la prostate". Thesis, Montpellier, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019MONTT023/document.
Testo completoIn France, prostate cancer is the most frequently diagnosed male cancer and its progression is tightly associated with the androgen signals. One of the major treatments for prostate cancer is androgen deprivation therapy which is based on blocking the production or action of the androgens to induce a tumor growth inhibition. Most patients respond to this therapy, however they still reach a castration-resistant stage which is associated with a poor prognosis. Since the progression till this late cancer stage is still driven by the androgen signaling pathway, the second-line therapy is focused on targeting the active androgen receptor by using a second-generation anti-androgens: the Enzalutamide. This molecule disrupts the interaction between the androgen receptor and its ligand, it can block the nuclear translocation of the receptor and it also prevents the receptor interaction with DNA. Although Enzalutamide treatment has enhance the patient survival, some drug resistance still arises which is a considerable therapeutic challenge.The main objective of my thesis is to identify new proteins in order to improve the therapeutic effects of Enzalutamide or to overcome resistance to this drug. Thus, in our study, we assumed that Enzalutamide treatment induces the activation of specific signaling pathways which may be involved in the cancer cell response to the treatment. This hypothesis led us to identify the MAPKs p38 proteins, which are activated during treatment with Enzalutamide. Our results show that the combination of Enzalutamide and p38 inhibitor has a significant antitumor effect both in vitro and in vivo. The mechanism of action of this cytotoxic and synergistic effect remains under study. These data would allow a better understanding of the Enzalutamide resistance mechanisms and contribute to the enhancement of the therapeutic effect of this anti-androgen
Prat, Valentine. "Identification de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques pour l'insuffisance cardiaque à fraction d'éjection préservée". Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT1011/document.
Testo completoHeart failure with preserved ejection fraction is a major health burden, concerning the elderly, yet without any accurate treatment for the patients. This situation is partly due to the lack of patient biopsies and unfortunately, to the lack of used animal models which reproduce even partly the human condition. These limitations do not allow the determination of accurate therapeutic targets for the patients. ln this context, this work focused on a new transgenic animal model developed by the research team: a rat overexpressing the ß3-adrenoceptor (ß3-AR) at the endothelial level. The aim of my thesis was to (1) characterize the phenotype of the model, and determine its study conditions (age, sex and hormonal status of the rats), (2) verify the relevance of the model regarding patient's phenotype in stress condition, (3) identify some innovative research axis in order to discover potential new therapeutic targets. Our results showed that male rats expressed with ageing a phenotype close to the patients' condition: a diastolic dysfunction without any impairment of systolic function, associated with myocardial fibrosis and an impaired response to a cardiovascular stress. Conversely to functional alterations, these rats presented an impaired expression of calcium cycling protein and an abolished negative inotropic response of the endothelial ß3-AR. Our model may be of particular interest to determine nëw and accurate therapeutic targets for the patients
Poiraudeau, Loïc. "Identification de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques dans le cancer neuroendocrine de la prostate". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023UPASL143.
Testo completoProstate cancer is the most common cancer in men and the second leading cause of cancer death in men in industrialized countries. The systemic treatment of these cancers is androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), which can be achieved through surgical or pharmacological castration. Metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC) is treated with androgen receptor inhibitors (ARi). However, approximately one-third of patients are not responsive to these drugs and the others, who are initially responsive, unfortunately develop secondary resistance, which is acquired within approximately 1-2 years. The mechanisms that explain primary and secondary resistance are not well understood. Neuroendocrine differentiation (NE) of mCRPC is one of these mechanisms. In fact, between 15 and 20% of resistant tumors evolve into neuroendocrine prostate cancer (NEPC). The prognosis of these patients is very poor because the precise molecular mechanisms involved in neuroendocrine differentiation are not clearly elucidated and there is no therapeutic solution adapted to these tumors.The objective of this thesis was to study neuroendocrine differentiation in order to identify new therapeutic targets. We relied on the MATCH-R study, which aimed to study the mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies (enzalutamide, abiraterone). Patient biopsies were characterized using high-throughput sequencing and immunohistochemistry methods. As part of this study, the laboratory also developed and characterized preclinical patient-derived xenograft (PDX) models. We show from WES and RNAseq performed on patient biopsies that neuroendocrine differentiation is likely the result of transcriptomic and epigenetic alterations. Moreover, our PDXs retain the genetic, molecular, and pharmacological characteristics of their original biopsies. RNAseq analysis identified a membrane protein, which is specifically expressed by NEPC. The expression of this protein is correlated with the expression of NE markers such as synaptophysin (SYP) and chromogranin A (CHGA), as well as a worse diagnosis. Treatment of our NEPC PDXs with a single intravenous injection of an antibody-drug conjugate targeting this protein, resulted in a significant decrease in tumor volume in the treated group compared to the untreated group. Finally, we identified an orphan nuclear receptor, NR0B2 that is overexpressed in NEPC and could be involved in resistance to ARi. NEPC are aggressive tumors with few therapeutic options. These tumors result from transcriptomic alterations and require the development of relevant models that recapitulate the complexity of the disease to identify potential targets for new targeted therapies. ADCs are promising therapies, especially in NEPC, and have shown anti-tumor efficacy in preclinical evaluation
Moine-Franel, Alexandra. "Cartographie des poches aux interfaces protéine-protéine et identification de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques potentielles". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2023SORUS634.pdf.
Testo completoProtein-protein interactions (PPIs) constitute a significant source of potential therapeutic targets because they play a crucial role in numerous and diverse biological processes, including the development of pathologies. While PPIs appear as promising therapeutic targets, they are more challenging to study than conventional therapeutic targets. Indeed, known PPIs are characterized by specific structural motifs that limit their ‘druggability’, meaning their ability to bind to and be modulated by a small drug molecule. However, the growing identification of small molecules modulating various PPIs demonstrates that, with an appropriate methodology, they can represent a class of novel and innovative therapeutic targets. The objective is, therefore, to develop an in silico protocol to aid in identifying new therapeutic targets involving PPIs by rationalizing the key elements that determine the ‘druggability’ of the interaction
Bruyère, Emilie. "Etude de la carcinogenèse oesophagienne dans un modèle in vivo : identification de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques". Thesis, Lille 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL2S015.
Testo completoŒsophageal adenocarcinoma (ADK) has a very poor prognosis with a survival rate at 5 years at 10%, due to its late detection. Its incidence has been increasing for the last 30 years. ADK develops on Barrett œsophagus, a metaplastic lesion induced by chronic exposure of œsophagus to the duodeno-gastro-œsophageal reflux. Moreover we showed previously that bile acids activate MUC1 and MUC4 mucins, PI3K and NFκB signalling pathways in human adenocarcinomatous cells. Aim: To determine whether the reflux induces œsophageal carcinogenesis in an in vivo model, and to identify new tumor-associated proteins. Material and methods: A rat model of chronic reflux induced by surgery was established. Expression of RNA and proteins was studied using RT-PCR, qRT-PCR, micro-arrays and immunohistochemistry. Effects on cell biological properties were carried out in vitro in OE33 œsophageal adenocarcinomatous cells. Results: All rats with reflux showed inflammation and neoexpression of genes involved in tumor progression with alterations of markers involved in differentiation, proliferation, adhesion and metastasis in which key pathways such as PI3K and NFκB were found activated. More importantly, Muc1 and Muc4 mucins were neoexpressed, and two new tumor-associate proteins, S100a4 and Mcm6, were overexpressed in tumors and showed in vitro effects on œsophageal cancer cell biological properties. Conclusion: Altogether, these data indicate that progression toward adenocarcinoma was effective following induction of a chronic reflux in rat œsophagus and that signalling pathways and new tumor-associated proteins were identified that may be new biomarkers and new therapeutic targets in œsophageal adenocarcinoma. Key words: Œsophageal adenocarcinoma, Barrett œsophagus, reflux, biomarkers, mucins
Moore-Morris, Thomas. "Identification de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques potentielles parmi les récepteurs couplés aux protéines G des muscles striés". Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20162.
Testo completoG protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) are the largest and most diverse family of membrane receptors. Approximately one third of currently available pharmaceutical drugs target a small number of these receptors. New information on the expression of GPCRs in various tissues and physiopathological contexts should enable the identification of new therapeutic targets. Cardiac pathologies are the leading cause of morbidity in the Western world and are often associated to skeletal muscle dysfunction. The aim of the work described in this thesis was to analyse the expression of all endoGPCRs (GPCRs with endogenous ligands) in heart and skeletal muscle in order to identify “new” receptors, with no known function in these tissues, and evaluate there potential as therapeutic targets. We first established the endoGPCR repertoire of the four cardiac chambers and identified an atypical cardiac receptor, mGluR1. Preliminary results suggest that mGluR1 is involved in cardioprotection in the context of ischemia/reperfusion. We also established the repertoire of endoGPCRs in skeletal muscle using a reversible mouse atrophy model. The analysis of this repertoire enabled us to identify new receptors involved in the development of atrophy. Among these, we focused on the beta2-adrenergic and Frizzled 9 receptors. The latter particularly interests us as it is very lowly expressed in the heart, suggesting that targeting this receptor would have little incidence on cardiac function
Souleyreau, Wilfried. "Identification de nouveaux facteurs pronostiques et de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques potentielles dans le cancer du rein". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015BORD0422/document.
Testo completoKidney cancer is one of the 10 commonest human cancers. To date, no biomolecular markers are available in this type of cancer, and in the case of metastatic cancer, the therapeutic arsenal is still inefficient. The different processes involved in cancer progression are still poorly understood. Understanding those processes could highlight new therapeutic targets, and new prognostic or diagnostic biomolecular markers of this disease. For a first project, a new innovative model has been generated from a murine RCC cell line as a tool to understand cancer progression mechanisms and to identify new therapeutic target and new biomolecular markers in kidney cancer. This model of sequential reimplantation of cancer cells isolated from primary tumours or metastases allowed us to generate different cell lines showing increased aggressiveness after passages. Using a systems biology strategy, this model will allow us to identify new potential therapeutic targets and new biomolecular markers in RCC. Interleukin-34 is an example of an already selected target, showing the power of the model generated. For a second project, the role of some members of extracellular matrix (collagen type I, fibronectin, matrigel).was studied using this same murine RCC cell line. This study demonstrated the potential pro-invasive and pro-metastatic roles of collagen type I deposition in tumors. Collagen-activated receptors are proposed as mediators of the effect induced by collagen type I in this model. Those two projects have and will continue to contribute to a better understanding of cancer progression mechanisms, and will bring out new biomolecular markers and new therapeutic targets
Bouillez, Audrey. "Implication de la mucine membranaire MUC1 dans la progression tumorale rénale et identification de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques". Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01062692.
Testo completoMasliantsev, Konstantin. "Rôle des signalisations STAT3 et Hippo dans les gliomes : Identification de nouveaux biomarqueurs pronostiques et cibles thérapeutiques". Thesis, Poitiers, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018POIT1407/document.
Testo completoMalignant gliomas are the most common tumors of central nervous system. Glioblastomas represent more than 50% of all glioma and constitute the most aggressive form of the tumor which is particularly resistant to radiotherapy. The presence of the subpopulation of glioblastoma stem cells (GSC) could be involved in tumor initiation, progression and therapeutic resistance. Hence, these processes are governed by signaling pathways which are mostly constitutively activated and their study is necessary for a better understanding of gliomagenesis. The aim of this PhD thesis was to assess STAT3 and Hippo signaling pathways in glioma to identify new prognostic markers and potential therapeutic targets. The first part on this work showed that pS727 phosphorylation of STAT3 could be involved in radioresistance and its inhibition induced GCS radiosensitization. Additionally, this work showed that YAP1 and TEAD3, two effectors of Hippo signaling, are associated with poor patient survival and could be involved in GSC proliferation and phenotype maintenance by inhibiting proneural gene signature. Thereby, this work aims to offer new therapeutic avenues, on the one hand the inhibition of pS727-STAT3 for radiotherapy potentiation and on the other hand the effectors of Hippo signaling as prognostic biomarkers and potential therapeutic targets
Toulmonde, Maud. "Analyse Intégrée génomique, protéomique et radiomique des Sarcomes Pléomorphes Indifférenciés : Identification et Validation de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0429.
Testo completoUndifferentiated Pleomorphic Sarcoma (UPS) are an heterogeneous group of poorly differentiated tumors made up ‘by default’. We hypothesized that there is a link between dedifferentiation state of UPS and immune infiltrate and that this relation relies on specific pathways activation and related genomics alterations with potential therapeutic impact. Objectives of this work were to generate a comprehensive Omics landscape of UPS, integrating genomic, immuno-phenotypic, proteomic and radiomic approach, and to identify and test potential targets for therapeutic approach on cell lines and patients tumor mouse xenografts (PDX). We analyzed a cohort of 135 UPS samples from patients in our institution, of whom 25 were selected for full exome and RNA-sequencing. Unsupervised consensus and hierarchical clustering of RNA-sequencing identified 3 groups, A, B and C. Group A was mainly enriched in genes that play a crucial role in both normal development and stemcellness, notably LHX8, LRRN1, LGR5, BMP5 and FGFR2. Group B was strongly enriched in genes involved in immunity, including MARCO, TIMD4, TIGIT, CD27, IFNG, CD8B, PDCD1, CD3D and IDO1, but also DKK1. Group C was too small to be analyzed with sufficient robustness. This classification was confirmed on an independent cohort of 41 UPS from TCGA consortium. We found a high correlation between gene expression and protein density by IHC on related tumor sample slides for CD8, PD-1 and IDO1, leading to call group B ‘immune-high’ and group A ‘immune-low’. In an independent validation cohort of 110 UPS patients, CD8 expression was significantly associated with metastase-free survival (p = 0.04). Copy numbers variations were significantly more frequent in the immune-low group. Main recurrent events were deletions, notably in PTEN, RB1, FANCA, FAS, CDKN2A, TP53, AXIN1, NF2 and BRCA2. Proteomic analysis allowed us to detect two main proteomic groups - PA and PB – that highly correlated with the two main transcriptomic groups - A and B. Group PB was significantly enriched in immune response pathways, whereas group PA was enriched in MYC targets and epithelial-mesenchymal transition pathways. We then further developed cell lines and PDX models from patient tumor samples included in the molecular profiling study for each class, A, B, C. We showed robust in vitro and in vivo anti-tumor activity of FGFR inhibitor JNJ-42756493 in cell lines and PDX models from group A, selectively. We also showed in vitro activity of three potent dual inhibitors of BET-proteins CBP/P300, CPI637, NEO1132 and NEO2734, in cell lines from group A, selectively. Finally, we showed that a set of 9 radiomic features from basic MRI conventional sequences correlated well with our UPS molecular classification and provided the basis for a radiomics signature that could select immune-high UPS on their pretherapeutic imaging. This study is the first to give a comprehensive genomic, immuno-phenotypic, proteomic and radiomic landscape of non-pretreated primary UPS. We identified two main groups of UPS with therapeutics potential: the immunehigh group, strongly inflamed and probably the best candidate for immunotherapy, and the immune-low group, with a rational for FGFR and BET inhibitors activity in this one
Ramuz, Olivier. "Identification de marqueurs pronostiques et de cibles thérapeutiques potentielles dans le domaine des lymphomes malins non hodgkiniens". Aix-Marseille 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006AIX20659.
Testo completoCharvin, Delphine. "Dopamine et dégénérescence des neurones striataux dans la maladie de Huntington : vers l' identification de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques". Paris 6, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00069699v2.
Testo completoDumartin, Laurent. "Identification de cibles diagnostiques et thérapeutiques potentielles pour l’adénocarcinome canalaire pancréatique dans un nouveau modèle chez l’embryon de poulet". Thesis, Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13739.
Testo completoPancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC), the major form of pancreatic cancer, is one of the deadliest cancers because of its propensity for local invasion and vascular dissemination and the lack of early diagnostic strategy. We have developed a new in vivo invasion model, on the chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane, allowing the analyze of mechanisms governing interactions between pancreatic tumor cells and their host microenvironment. We showed in its model that the genes encoding netrin-1 and CXCL4L1/PF4v1 secreted proteins are up-regulated in tumor cells in the course of the invasion process and we confirmed these up-regulation was also observed in human patients. Our functional studies indicated that netrin-1 and CXCL4L1 may play regulator roles in tumor progression according to the following model: a) CXCL4L1 chimiokine may have an angiostatic activity on endothelial cells by a paracrine mechanism of action whereas b) netrin-1 may have a pro-tumoral activity by acting on both endothelial and tumor cells. These results allowed in one hand to validate our model by showing that selected up-regulated genes may be involved in PDAC progression in human patients. On the other hand, our work provided evidence that CXCL4L1 and netrin-1 constitute new potential therapeutic and/or diagnostic targets for pancreatic cancer
Voisin, Maud. "Etude du métabolisme du cholestérol dans la progression et la résistance des cancers mammaires et identification de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques". Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015TOU30274/document.
Testo completoBreast cancer (BC) is the most frequent cancer and the leading cause of cancer death in women. Therefore, there is an urgent need to characterize the molecular players involved in the etiology of breast cancers, progression and resistance in order to develop new therapeutic alternatives to improve the prognosis of patients. The present work focuses on the study of an onco-metabolite produced from cholesterol that has been identified in the laboratory and to characterize its role and the enzymes producing and regulating this onco-metabolite. This onco-metabolite is a tumor promoter that stimulates in vivo the progression and invasiveness of different subtypes of human BC, including the most aggressive ones. The identification of this new metabolic pathway will produce news markers for BC and of the efficacy of anti-cancer compounds, as well as innovative therapeutics to counter the production of this onco-metabolite
Tolza, Claire. "Fra-1 et Fra-2 dans les cancers du sein triple négatifs : mécanismes transcriptionnels et identification de cibles thérapeutiques potentielles". Thesis, Montpellier, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016MONTT094/document.
Testo completoTriple negative breast cancers (TNBC) are characterized by a poor prognosis and no targeted therapy is currently available. The identification of new diagnostic and therapeutic targets is crucial for the treatment of these cancers. Fra-1 and Fra-2, two members of the AP-1 transcriptional complex, are frequently overexpressed in TNBC, where they contribute to the tumorigenic phenotype. The panel of genes under the control of Fra-1 and/or Fra-2 in TNBC, as well as the molecular mechanisms by which they control their target gene expression are mostly unknown. The aim of my thesis was to identify the panel of genes controlled by Fra-1 and/or Fra-2 in TNBC and to characterize the binding sites of Fra-1 and Fra-2 on chromatin to select direct targets for further studies, by using transcriptomic and ChIP-seq approaches combined to RNAi in the model cell line MDA-MB231. The results allowed us to select target genes for transcriptional and functional studies. The study of the transcriptional mechanisms governed by Fra-1 and/or Fra-2 was carried out on the HMGA1 gene, already known for its crucial role in the aggressiveness of epithelial tumours. The fonctional study was focused on CD68, as its expression in highly induced by Fra-1 and Fra-2. CD68 encodes a transmembrane protein which cellular fonction is still not known and its potential role in tumorigenesis has not been studied yet
Benajiba, Lina. "Identification and Characterization of New Therapeutic Targets in Acute Myeloid Leukemia". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS173.
Testo completoDespite the significant progress made in understanding Acute Myeloid Leukemia oncogenesis over the last decades, this disease remains devastating and the overall five-year survival does not exceed 17%. Developing new translational research strategies focused on the identification of druggable oncogenic targets is critical to continued progress in AML treatment. The goal of this work was to define and validate novel leukemia-specific dependencies using small-molecule inhibitors and RNA-interference-based high-throughput screening methods.The first part of my thesis work aimed at translating Glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) inhibition into the clinic. Mechanism-based toxicities, driven in part by the inhibition of both GSK3 paralogs and subsequent β-catenin stabilization, were a concern in the clinical translation of this target candidate. Specific knock-down of GSK3α or GSK3β alone does not increase β-catenin, thereby offering a conceptual resolution to GSK3 targeting. The design of selective ATP-competitive inhibitors posed a drug discovery challenge due to the high homology in the GSK3α and GSK3β ATP binding domains. Taking advantage of an Asp133 ® Glu196 “switch” in the GSK3 paralog hinge binding domains, we identified a first-in-class GSK3α selective inhibitor and conducted preclinical studies validating BRD0705 as a promising new differentiation therapy in AML. In addition, a combination of a metabolomic profiling and a pooled shRNA screening method identified a new interplay between the oncogene EVI-1, the creatine kinase pathway and GSK3 signaling. The second part of my studies focused on identification of new therapeutic targets using an in vivo pooled shRNA screening approach in the MLL-AF9-driven AML mouse model. VCP, an AAA-ATPase, was thus identified and validated as a top target. We demonstrated that VCP orchestrates RPA-coated-single-stranded-DNA platform generation, resulting in ATM kinase activation and subsequent HR. Taken together, our discoveries increased our understanding of AML biology and may therefore contribute to novel and more efficacious treatments for this highly aggressive and lethal disease
Quoyer, Julie. "Identification de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques pour préserver la masse fonctionnelle des cellules bêta pancréatiques au cours du diabète de type 2". Montpellier 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009MON20141.
Testo completoSnollaerts, Thibaut. "Identification of new regulators for PML nuclear bodies". Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066386/document.
Testo completoProMyelocytic Leukemia (PML) protein is implicated in a number of key cellular processes, and was identified as a tumor suppressor. This protein is one of the main structural components forming the PML Nuclear Bodies (PML-NBs) whose integrity -compromised in some leukemias- is strictly dependent on PML SUMOylation. The goal of this thesis project was to identify new regulators of PML Nuclear Bodies, and by extension of the SUMO pathway, using PML-NBs, which are extremely sensitive to global cellular SUMOylation level, as a read out. This work is based on a high throughput siRNA screen, which led to the identification of two proteins, SKP1a and RBX1, which are both part of an Ubiquitin E3 ligase complex called SKP-Cullin-F-Box containing complex (SCF). We were able to show the involvement of SKP1 and RBX1 in PML protein stability through gain and loss of function experiments. We also identified FBXO9 as the F-Box capable of specifically recognizing PML, causing its ubiquitination by SCFFBXO9 complex and subsequent degradation by the proteasome. However, FBXO9 site of interaction on PML and the identity of the kinase implicated in this recognition processes are yet to be discovered. PML being degraded in numerous cancers, it is essential to acquire a better understanding of post-translational mechanism leading to the degradation of this tumour suppressor. In the long term, this work should, allow the discovery of new PML Nuclear Body regulators and potentially allow the development of new strategies aiming to modulate PML Nuclear Bodies in tumoral cells
Fernandez, Solène. "Microenvironnement médullaire et résistance à la Midostaurine dans les leucémies aiguës myéloïdes FLT3-ITD Identification de cibles thérapeutiques par criblage génomique fonctionnel". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020BORD0281.
Testo completoAcute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an aggressive hematological malignancy. Approximately 30% of patients have ITD (Internal tandem reapeat) mutations affecting the FLT3 tyrosine kinase receptor. These mutations are associated with resistance and a high relapse rate during chemotherapy (Aracytine + Anthracyclines). Targeted therapies using tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as Midostaurine have improved patient survival. Despite this, the treatment of AML remains a real challenge due to persistent relapses. Characterizing the molecular mechanisms involved in resistance to these targeted therapies has become a major challenge. In order to identify in FLT3-ITD AMLs the genes involved in Midostaurin resistance, we performed a functional genomic screening by CRISPR-Cas9. This screening was performed in the MV4;11 line (positive for FLT3-ITD) under culture conditions mimicking the medullary microenvironment. The latter is involved in resistance mechanisms. Among the identified targets, two candidate genes were evaluated individually: SLC4A2 and ADAM22. Their genomic invalidation in the MV4;11 lineage led to an increase in sensitivity to midostaurin. Their functional role will be confirmed ex vivo and in vivo. The objective of this work is to identify potential therapeutic targets in order to develop new targeted therapies or to highlight drug repositioning. The synergistic use of these various therapies will make it possible to overcome resistance and improve the management of patients with FLT3-ITD AML
Snollaerts, Thibaut. "Identification of new regulators for PML nuclear bodies". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 6, 2016. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2016PA066386.pdf.
Testo completoProMyelocytic Leukemia (PML) protein is implicated in a number of key cellular processes, and was identified as a tumor suppressor. This protein is one of the main structural components forming the PML Nuclear Bodies (PML-NBs) whose integrity -compromised in some leukemias- is strictly dependent on PML SUMOylation. The goal of this thesis project was to identify new regulators of PML Nuclear Bodies, and by extension of the SUMO pathway, using PML-NBs, which are extremely sensitive to global cellular SUMOylation level, as a read out. This work is based on a high throughput siRNA screen, which led to the identification of two proteins, SKP1a and RBX1, which are both part of an Ubiquitin E3 ligase complex called SKP-Cullin-F-Box containing complex (SCF). We were able to show the involvement of SKP1 and RBX1 in PML protein stability through gain and loss of function experiments. We also identified FBXO9 as the F-Box capable of specifically recognizing PML, causing its ubiquitination by SCFFBXO9 complex and subsequent degradation by the proteasome. However, FBXO9 site of interaction on PML and the identity of the kinase implicated in this recognition processes are yet to be discovered. PML being degraded in numerous cancers, it is essential to acquire a better understanding of post-translational mechanism leading to the degradation of this tumour suppressor. In the long term, this work should, allow the discovery of new PML Nuclear Body regulators and potentially allow the development of new strategies aiming to modulate PML Nuclear Bodies in tumoral cells
Payre, Bruno. "Identification de nouvelles cibles du Tamoxifène impliquées dans son activité pharmacologique". Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/422/.
Testo completoTamoxifen is the principal drug used for the hormonoterapy of estrogen receptor positive breast cancer. In the first part of my thesis, I described the identification of acetyl-CoA cholesterol acyl transferase (ACAT) as a new target for Tam. We showed that Tam is a potent inhibitor of ACAT at therapeutic concentrations. We then showed than Tam inhibits the formation of foam cell in mouse macrophage through the inhibition of ACAT. This mechanism may explain the atheroprotective effects of Tam. Tam binds with high affinity to the microsomal anti-estrogen binding site (AEBS). In the second part we have studied the implication of AEBS to the growth control of breast cancer cells by its cognate ligands. We have demonstrated than AEBS ligands, such as Tam and the selectve AEBS ligand PBPE, induced a blockage of the cell cycle in human mammary cancer cells and induce differentiation characteristics. Moreover, we established than this effect was dependent upon the production of oxidation products and inhibited in the presence of antioxidant such as vitamin E. Finally, we showed that longer time of exposure of cells to AEBS ligands induced an active cell death. This work leads to the identification two new targets for Tam that may be involved in its therapeutic activity. Moreover, our study shows than the AEBS represent a potential target for the development of anticancer and chemopreventive agents
Loppion, Géraldine. "Identification de marqueurs protéiques du contrôle de la spermatogenèse chez la roussette (Scyliorhinus canicula L. ) et application à la recherche de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques". Caen, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009CAEN2015.
Testo completoPommerolle, Lenny. "Identification de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques dans la fibrose pulmonaire idiopathique : Etude du récepteur CD206 et des protéines de choc thermique HSP27 et αB-crystallin". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2021. https://nuxeo.u-bourgogne.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/951bd793-5b06-4843-81c4-0d887829fdba.
Testo completoIdiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a rare, chronic and progressive parenchymal lung disease of unknown origin, the most abundant form of adult interstitial lung diseases (ILD). It is characterized by myofibroblast proliferation and an increase in extracellular matrix production, mainly collagen into pulmonary parenchyma that dramatically and irreversibly impaired respiratory function. IPF is a fatal disease, with a median survival time around 5 years after diagnosis, and which occurs mainly after 60 years. Except pirfenidone and nintedanib that may slightly delay clinical worsening, no pharmacologic treatment is currently available. It becomes crucial that laboratories continue their work exploring new pathways of interest in IPF and propose new and efficient therapeutic targets/drugs for fibrosis.TGF-b1 is a key cytokine to orchestrate fibrosis by favoring myofibroblast proliferation and differentiation. This phenomenon is regulated partially by immune cells including macrophages. Heat shock proteins (HSP), notably HSP27 and aB-crystallin, are other mediators known to be involved in fibrogenesis. My thesis work consisted in 1) studying the interest of macrophagic receptor CD206 as diagnosis marker and target to limit fibrosis progression, 2) investigating the role of extracellular HSP27 in the development of lung fibrosis, 3) testing the effect of an antisens oligonucleotide against aB-crystallin to limit efficiently disease progression.Our work shows the increase of CD206 expression in fibrotic conditions in human and mouse macrophages. The use of radiotracer detecting specifically CD206, 99mTc-Tilmanocept, is able to quantify it. Interestingly, radioactive signal is decreased by nintedanib treatment as well as by M2 macrophages inhibitor, tofacitinib, in mice treated by bleomycin. In addition, tofacitinib treatment is also able to limit the development of lung fibrosis by limiting macrophage infiltration and CD206 expression. This work suggests to use CD206 to IPF diagnosis and the interest to develop CD206 inhibitors to treat lung fibrosis. In the second part, my work highlights HSP27 secretion by pulmonary cells in pro-fibrotic conditions and the colocalisation of this protein with TLR2 and 4. In consequence of the increase in extracellular HSP27 concentration, we observe that myofibroblastic transition of pulmonary cells, induced by TGF-b1 treatment, is potentiated. Furthermore, HSP27 secretion by lung cells also induces macrophage activation and their expression of pro-fibrotic cytokines. In addition, we show that its depletion limits myofibroblast transition induced by TGF-b1. Ours results assed that extracellular HSP27 is a pro-fibrotic intercellular mediator, which inhibition may be useful to reduce pulmonary fibrosis progression. In the last part, we compare a lipid modified antisens oligonucleotide against aB-crystallin with the first generation one. Unfortunately, our results do not show a real interest of this compound compared to the first generation one for limiting pulmonary fibrotic processes.To conclude, my thesis works suggest new diagnosis and treatment options for pulmonary fibrosis by inhibiting macrophagic CD206 receptor and extracellular form of HSP27
Lachaud, Sophie. "Régulation de l'expression de PD-L1 dans le mélanome : identification de cibles thérapeutiques au moyen d’un crible génétique pour traiter le mélanome cutané TIE1 Regulates PD-L1 Expression in Melanoma". Thesis, université Paris-Saclay, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020UPASL065.
Testo completoCutaneous melanoma arises from melanocytes, the pigment-producing cells of the skin. is responsible for approximately 75% of deaths due to skin cancers. This tumor account for approximately 1% of cutaneous melanoma, but is responsible for 75% of deaths due to skin cancer. Its aggressiveness is coming from its highly metastatic potential and once it is disseminated, chances of survival decrease drastically. Treatment by surgery is efficient when it is diagnosed early. Though, until recently, for metastatic or unresectable melanoma, treatments were quite limited.The arrival of immunotherapies to treat advanced melanoma arouse a lot of hope. These monoclonal antibodies boost the immune system in order to kill cancer cells. The most recent and efficient are the ones targeting the programmed cell death protein 1 or its ligand (PD-1/PD-L1). The main role of PD-1 immune checkpoint is to limit the activation of engaged peripheral T cells. Indeed, the activation of T cells by the interaction of its TCR with MHC/peptide complexes leads to IFNγ; secretion. This cytokine will induce the expression of PD-L1 and PD-L2 at the plasma membrane of surrounding cells. The engagement of PD-1 with its main ligand PD-L1 leads to the inhibition of CD8+ T lymphocytes. This feedback loop attenuates T-cell responses and limits the extent of immune-mediated tissue damage that can happen with an excessive immune response. Some cancer, including melanoma which is highly immunogenic, escape the immune system by taking advantage of this mechanism to overexpress PD-L1 and inhibit effector functions and proliferation of CD8+ T lymphocytes. Immunotherapies targeting PD-1 or PD-L1 with monoclonal antibodies were then deployed to disrupt the interaction between the two partners and restore, at least partially, T-cell activity against cancer cells and drive to tumor regression. Most of the time, basal PD-L1 expression in melanoma is low and is strongly increased by IFNγ, produced by immune cells like CD8+ T lymphocytes. Thus, preventing IFNγ-induced PD-L1 expression would restore the effector functions of LT CD8+ and avoid tumor progression as anti-PD-1/PD-L1.This aim of my thesis project was to make use of a genetic screen to identify positive regulators of the expression of PD-L1 at the plasma membrane of melanoma with a genetic screen by focusing on druggable genes. This screen was based on a shRNA library targeting genes coding for a protein for which an inhibitor already exists or harboring a structure or an activity that could lead to drug development. The bioinformatic analysis led to the identification of new regulators that positively regulate PD-L1 at the plasma membrane of melanoma that could serve as therapeutic targets for melanoma treatment
Ferron, Marine. "Identification de nouvelles cibles thérapeutique dans l'insuffisance cardiaque à fraction d'éjection préservée et le choc septique". Thesis, Nantes, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017NANT1046.
Testo completoHeart failure (HF) affects 1-2% of adults in developed countries. There are two distinct forms of HF: chronic HF, with a slow development, and acute HF that appears rapidly or is due to an aggravation of the symptoms and/or signs of HF. For some forms of HF, acute or chronic, no effective treatment exists. Heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF) is becoming the predominant form of chronic HF but the understanding of its pathophysiology remains incomplete. A transgenic rat model over-expressing the human endothelial β3-adrenergic receptor has been developed in the team. As in patients, this model develops HFpEF with age, and is characterized by diastolic dysfunction and stress intolerance. During my thesis and based on transcriptome data, I evaluated alterations of the calcium cycle, metabolism as well as the appearance of fibrosis and inflammation. Septic shock is considered to be a form of severe acute HF. The second axis of my thesis was to develop relevant models of septic shock and to evaluate the therapeutic potential of a post-translational modification: O-GlcNAcylation, already known for its beneficial effects in acute HF forms. Indeed, an increase in levels of O-GlcNAc, through a pharmacological agent, NButGT, improved cardiovascular function and survival of animals in septic shock
Piedfer, Marion. "Identification de nouvelles cibles pro-apoptotiques dans les leucémies aiguës myéloblastiques". Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00781221.
Testo completoKnockaert, Marie. "Mécanismes d'action des inhibiteurs de kinases cyclines-dépendantes : identification de leurs cibles intracellulaires par chromatographie d'affinité". Brest, 2002. http://hal.upmc.fr/tel-01116136.
Testo completoAmong the estimated 850 human protein kinases, the family of cyclin-dependent kinases (CDK) has been extensively studied because of its essential cellular functions. CDKs play a key role in ceil cycle control, transcription, differentiation, apoptosis and in neuronal cell functions. The observation that CDKs are frequently deregulated in cancers has stimulated an active search for chemical inhibitors of this class of kinases. 60 far, more than 50 compounds have been identified, on the basis of their ability to inhibit in vitro purified CDK activity. These compounds display antiproliferative, anti-neurodegenerative, anti-viral and anti-parasitic properties. The anticancer potential of the most promising compounds is currently evaluated in pre-clinical and clinical trials. The aim of this study is to understand the intracellular mechanism of action of CDK inhibitors. We chose to approach this question by investigating their in vivo selectivity, i. E. The scope of their real intracellular targets. Lndeed, CDK inhibitors have been identified on their ability to inhibit purified CDKs in vitro but their actual intracellular targets remain unverified. To address this question, we developed an affinity chromatography approach allowing to purify, from cellular extracts, the intracellular targets of the inhibitor. This technique was used to study the selectivity of three CDK inhibitors belonging to different chemical classes: the purine purvalanol, paullones and indirubin-3’-monoxime. For each compound, the expected targets were recovered from the matrix. However this approach has also allowed the identification of several unexpected interactions between CDK inhibitors and other enzymes, kinases (p42/p44 MAPKs with purvalanol) or other (malate dehydrogenase with paullones and glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase with indirubin). In each case, the molecular basis of the interaction between the inhibitor and its new target was investigated by testing the in vitro sensitivity 0f the target enzyme to the compound. Based on these results, we next investigated more in detail how the interaction between MAPKs and purvalanol participated to the cellular effects of the drug. Lastly, this affinity chromatography approach was used to understand two particular cellular effects of purvalanol: its antiviral activity against herpes simplex virus (HSV-1) and the induction of supernumerary hair cells in Organs of Corti of rat embryos. In conclusion, this affinity approach has confirmed the strong interactions between CDK inhibitors and the enzymatic targets they have been optimised on. In addition, this technique has allowed the identification of several unexpected targets for CDK inhibitors, the identity of which could not be deduced from in vitro classical selectivity studies, and the inhibition of which may participate to the observed cellular effects of the compounds
Coste, Florence. "Nouvelles approches diagnostiques et thérapeutiques dans l'hypertension pulmonaire : apport de la tomodensitométrie et identification du facteur de croissance des nerfs NGF comme nouvelle cible thérapeutique". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BORD0120/document.
Testo completoPulmonary hypertension (PH) is defined by a mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) at or above 25 mmHg at rest. Severe forms of PH (sPH) are characterized by a stronger elevation of mPAP, more marked symptoms and specific pulmonary vascular lesions. Real challenges come from a better diagnosis for these patients and identification of new therapeutic targets to improve their therapeutic care. Our results show by computed tomography that PH associated to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is correlated to airway remodeling and not to emphysema. Severe PH is a rare and serious complication of COPD. We confirmed existence of a phenotype in COPD patients with sPH, by evaluating in vivo modifications of the pulmonary vascular bed in these patients. Moreover, we defined a combined score, which may be a non-invasive tool to select patients for right heart catheterization In parallel, we completed the characterization of a rat model of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension (sPAH) that developed a severe phenotype with pulmonary arterial specific and human-like lesions. In this model, as well as in more classical PH models, our results demonstrated an increased expression of the nerve growth factor NGF and its role in PH and sPAH pathophysiology. These results therefore suggest that NGF may be an interesting target to develop new therapeutic perspectives in this disease
Tsofack, Serges Prosper. "Identification des partenaires de la protéines YB-1 impliqués au niveau de la chimiorésistance des composés à base de platine et mise au point des nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/25837.
Testo completoYB-1 (Y-Box-binding Protein 1) is a multifunctional protein involved in several cellular processes including transcription, translation and DNA repair. YB-1 is important for late-stage embryonic development and belongs to the family of DNA/RNA-binding proteins with an evolutionarily ancient conserved Cold Shock Domain (CSD). YB-1 is overexpressed in many malignant tissues and plays an important role in the development of cancer. Many studies reported that high expression of YB-1 protein is associated with a worse prognosis in cancer patients. Moreover, an overexpression of YB-1 protein in breast, colorectal and ovarian cancer cell lines induced chemoresistance to platinum agents. YB-1 protein is a good therapeutic target to counteract platinum resistance in cancer. Different strategies for novel therapeutic approaches targeting YB-1 protein were used to prevent and treat people with cancer. The use of YB-1 as a therapeutic targets is still a big challenge in research and its multifunctional properties should be taken into consideration when developing a new therapy against YB-1. The goals of this project are to identify YB-1-interacting proteins required for platinum agents resistance in cancer cell lines and to develop a potential therapeutic target to treat cancers. During this study, NONO and RALY proteins were identified as new partners of YB-1 protein in colorectal cancer cell lines. We proved that NONO and RALY are significant potential target to counteract oxaliplatin resistance in colorectal cancers including tumors overexpressing the YB-1 protein. In addition, we found RPS4X protein as new a partner of YB-1 involved in cisplatin resistance in beast and ovarian cancers. These results suggest that the RPS4X protein is a significant potential target to counteract cisplatin resistance in breast and ovarian cancers. Also, we have established that RPS4X is a new promising prognostic marker for patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer. More importantly, RPS4X is shown to be predictive of cisplatin response. RPS4X could thus be useful when selecting the first line therapies for patients with breast and ovarian cancer.
Saviano, Antonio. "Physiopathologie du foie à l'échelle de la cellule unique : caractérisation de l'hétérogénéité cellulaire et identification de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques dans les maladies hépatiques chroniques et le cancer hépatocellulaire". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019STRAJ093.
Testo completoHepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a leading cause of death worldwide and the current treatments are unsatisfactory. One reason is the limited knowledge on the complexity and microenvironment of healthy and diseased liver. To address this gap, we have developed a single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) pipeline for primary human liver tissues. We have assembled an atlas of human liver cells and compared the scRNA-seq profile of normal liver and HCC. The atlas revealed an unknown heterogeneity within the main populations of liver cells, the transcriptomic zonation of endothelial cells and the existence of an epithelial progenitor in the adult liver capable of differentiating into both cholangiocytes and hepatocytes. ScRNA-seq analysis uncovered the marked cell heterogeneity of HCC, its microenvironment changes at single-cell level and the interactions between tumor cells and hepatitis B virus discovering previously unknown pathways and drivers of hepatocarcinogenesis
Swayden, Mirna. "Rôle des modifications post-traductionnelles par les protéines de la famille de l'ubiquitine dans les mécanismes de résistance des cellules cancéreuses pancréatiques : identification et validation de nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019AIXM0384.
Testo completoThe dismal prognosis of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is mainly due to the rapidly acquired resistance to all conventional treatments. Despite drug specific mechanisms of resistance, none explains how these cells resist to any kind of stress induced by any kind of anticancer treatment. Activation of stress response pathways rely on the post-translational modifications (PTMs) of involved proteins. Among all PTMs, these mediated by the ubiquitin family of proteins play a central role in process. Our aim was to identify alterations of ubiquitination, neddylation, and sumoylation associated with multi-resistant phenotype and demonstrate their implication in survival of PDAC cells undergoing treatment. This approach pointed out an alteration of PML (Promyelocytic Leukemia protein) sumoylation associated with both Gemcitabine and Oxaliplatin resistance. We could show that this alteration of PML sumoylation is part of a general mechanism of drug resistance, which, in addition, involves the abnormal activation of NFkB and CREB pathways. Importantly, using patients derived tumors and cell lines; we identified a correlation between the levels of PML expression and sumoylation with the sensitivity of tumors to anticancer treatments and patient’s survival
Coussy, Florence. "Identification de nouvelles thérapeutiques ciblées dans le cancer du sein à l’aide d’un large panel de tumeurs humaines xénogreffées". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SACLS560.
Testo completoTriple negative breast cancer (TNBC) accounts for 10-15% of breast cancers. Its prognosis is worse, particularly due to the rarity of targeted therapies adapted to this subtype. Its complexity of management is directly related to its high heterogeneity, both at the morphological and genomical levels.In this context, we developed Patient Derived Xenograft (PDX) models from TNBC. This robust model has the specificity of retaining the characteristics (histological, genotypic but also phenotypic) of the tumors observed in patients.In our cohort of 61 PDXs of TNBC, we confirmed the anatomopathological and genomical heterogeneity of this subtype. Majority of targeted alterations are of low frequency (<10%) but 88% of our models harbour a potential targetable alteration and more than half have at least 2 targetable alterations. We were particularly interested in 2 subtypes of TNBC: (i) the LAR subtype for which we have described the first PDX models: these models present frequent alterations of the PI3K pathway as well as major responses to PI3K inhibitors; (ii) the metaplastic subtype, of which 4 of our 9 models show double alterations in the PI3K and RTK-MAPK pathways and complete and durable responses to the combination of PI3K-MAPK inhibitors.In the other CSTN subtypes, we have also demonstrated significant response rates to PI3K and MAPK inhibitors. Biomarkers of response to these various targeted therapies tested are being studied, in particular by integrating the genomic and protein data from a higher number of PDX models
Cordonnier, Julien. "Toxoplasma gondii : identification par docking inverse sur des cibles moléculaires de composés actifs issus de ressources naturelles". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024REIMS001.
Testo completoTree barks, by-product of forestry industry, constitute an abundant and sustainable source of natural compounds. Toxoplasma gondii is the parasite responsible for toxoplasmosis, posing a threat to fetuses, newborns, and immunocompromised individuals. The current therapeutics, limited and poorly tolerated, are now confronted to chemoresistant phenomena. This doctoral project aims to explore the chemical space associated with tree barks from the Champagne-Ardenne region, as relevant protein targets to fight T. gondii. An initial in silico evaluation using reverse docking (AMIDEv2.0) was carried out to identify biological target for triterpenes derived from betulone, isolated from the European alder, which had exhibited in vitro anti-toxoplasmosis activity. Among 87 proteins of T. gondii, CDPK3 was identified as the most probable target. Subsequently, a bank of 25 essential 3D protein structures for parasite survival, including 19 homology-modeled structures, was compiled. Thereafter, compounds from the Essential National Chemical Library were screened against this protein bank, using AMIDEv2.0. Two proteins were identified as potential targets; one of them was ATG3, a protein structure modeled from homologs with less than 50% identity. Subsequently, the barks of European Larch, whose n-heptane extract had shown significant activity (58% inhibition of parasitic growth at 100 µg/ml), were subjected to a chemical profiling. First, through a fractionation process using Centrifugal Partition Chromatography, and then a dereplication approach combining data from nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry. Tools like VersaDB and CATHEDRAL were developed to facilitate the creation of custom-databases and assess the confidence level of annotations. 52 molecules were annotated and associated with a confidence score. Simultaneously, in vitro tests demonstrated that 2 out of the 12 CPC fractions, primarily composed of terpenic derivatives, inhibited the parasite's survival by more than 40% at 25 µg/ml. Ultimately, the annotated compounds from L. decidua were subjected to AMIDEv2.0. The overlap between in vitro and in silico results highlighted 7-oxo-dehydroabietic acid and daniellic acid, strongly correlated with the in vitro inhibitory activity of the barks. CDPK1 and the SET-containing Protein are likely protein targets for these two ligands, thereby providing initial insights into their mechanism of action. These two hits are currently undergoing in vitro evaluation to verify the efficiency of developed approach during this doctoral project
Bordignon, Benoît. "Cibles thérapeutiques d'analogues de l'acide ascorbique". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013AIXM5042.
Testo completoAscorbic acid (AA) was long described as an antiproliferative agent. However, the molecule has to be used at very high concentrations, which necessitates intravenous injections. In addition, the tight regulation of in-blood and in-cell AA concentrations makes it impossible to hold very high concentrations for any substantial length of time.In collaboration with KaironKem, we undertook the creation of a focused chemical library of AA derivatives. The aim of this work was therefore to identify derivatives molecules with antiproliferative action higher than AA. Among these new molecules, we selected K873 that has cytotoxic and antiproliferative effects on different human tumor cells at tenth micromolar concentration, without being toxic for normal cells. We then tested in vivo the effect of treatment with K873's daily injections in xenografted immunodeficient mice with human cancer cells. K873 showed an antiproliferative effect on tumor growth similar to AA but at doses 100 to 200 times lower.Finally we studied the mechanism of action of K873. As AA, it decreases the expression of two genes families involved in cell cycle progression, i.e. initiation factor of translation and tRNA synthetases. Our results also showed that the specific intracellular transporter of AA (SVCT2) is not used for K873 entry in cells, thus bypassing saturation. Finally, as AA, K873 reduced cAMP intracellular level but without antioxidant activity. Our findings suggest that AA derivatives could be a promising new class of anti-cancer drugs
Sow, Fatimata. "Métacaspases : cibles thérapeutiques contre le paludisme". Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE1275/document.
Testo completoMalaria remains one of the main causes of infant mortality in the tropical world.The continuous emergence of parasite resistant to drug treatment is a serious threat to public health. Exploring new therapeutics targets based on depth knowledge on molecular mechanism of the parasite’s life is utmost needed in a paradigm of « red queen», which applies perfectly on the ability of the parasitic adaptation. The recent discovery of metacaspase of Plasmodium falciparum (PfMCA1) and the demonstration of its potential role in apoptosis, make it a therapeutic target against malaria. In order to increase knowledge about this protein, we planned, to determine the three-dimensional structure of PfMCA1, to confirm the different structures predicted in silico, and to look for new drug using molecular docking. However, this goal was not reached, since autoprocessing occurred during expression, and we failed to obtain the full-length protein. Then we studied the metacaspase of Plasmodium vivax (PvMCA1) in comparison with PfMCA1 and, we shown that histidine and cysteine residues in the dyad catalytic are well conserved. We have identified a second potential site in the catalytic domain of PvMCA1. We shown that residues in both putative sites are highly polymorphic in samples from Mauritania, Sudan and Oman. Mutations on these residues need to be deeply studied for their effects on the PvMCA1 function. This polymorphism found in catalytic residues of PvMCA1should be evaluated as new molecular marker of resistance
Zassadowski, Fabien. "Identification de nouvelles cibles pour l'induction de la différenciation des cellules de Leucémies Aigües Promyélocytaires : interconnexions entre la signalisation du G-CSF et de l'acide rétinoïque dans un modèle de résistance à l'acide rétinoïque". Paris 7, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA077028.
Testo completoResistance to all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) rarely occurs in primary acute promyelocytic leukemias, but some patients can develop ATRA résistance that prevent the use of classical treatment in case of relapse. In order to adapt therapeutical alternatives, it is important to define the risk of relapse for these patients. Thus, it appears necessary to establish molecular and cytological predictive markers of relapse and to increase our understanding of retinoic acid target genes at the transcriptionnal level. Our study on the follow up of APL patient residual disease in 223 APL patients, allowed us to determine thresholds, defined by normalized copies number (NCN) for the BCRl APL subtype, which provide a predictive value for the risk of relapse. When we analysed in vitro differenciation tests. Furthermore, our study identified a pronostic value of a cytology marker of the APL blasts at diagnosis. Indeed, on patients samples, we found a correlation between the presence of Auer Rods in the cytoplasma of the APL blasts with the in vitro differentiation of the blasts with ATRA, the BCRl PML-RAR subtype and the number of relapses. Finally, using an APL cell line with low sensitivity to ATRA we demonstrate a role of the MEK-ERK1/2 signalling pathway at the transcriptional level of the RAR nuclear complex in granulocytic differentiation. The combination of ATRA and G-CSF enhances the recrutement of the RARa receptor, its coactivator CBP/P3QO and the acetylation of histones H3 and H4 at the promoter of RA target genes. This novel mechanism represent a new target to improve differentiation efficacy in APL
Aubin, Henri-Jean. "Troubles liés aux substances : les cibles thérapeutiques". Paris 12, 2006. https://athena.u-pec.fr/primo-explore/search?query=any,exact,990003939320204611&vid=upec.
Testo completoOur work concerned 6 therapeutic targets. (1) Motivational enhancement : we developed a smoking cessation motivation scale. (2) Detoxification : we showed that bupropion is effective in smoking cessation. Sleep is improved by carbamates during alcohol detoxification and by nicotine patches during nicotine withdrawal. (3) Cognitive disorders : alcoholics recover after 6 months of sobriety. (4) Psychiatric comorbidity : alcohol induced and independent maniac/hypomaniac disorders are clinically similar. (5) Social distress : we developed a social distress scale in alcoholics. (6) Relapse prevention : amilsupride showed a lack of efficacy in alcoholics. Bupropion and lazabémide are effective in smoking relapse prevention
Lemaire, Julie. "MicroARN : biomarqueurs et cibles thérapeutiques en oncogenèse". Thesis, Lille 2, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LIL2S006.
Testo completoMicroRNAs (miRNAs) represent a class of small non-coding RNAs that regulate geneexpression. They are involved in many essential cellular and molecular processes such as celldeath or differentiation. In addition, their deregulation plays an important role in thetumorigenesis. Indeed, many miRNAs have been described as oncogenes or tumor suppressorgenes. In this context, this thesis work focused on the potential role played by miRNAs inkidney and lung cancers. Indeed, a first part consisted in identifying miRNAs differentially expressed in proximal renal tubular cells in response to cadmium exposure, an environmental compound with carcinogenic properties. This data suggests that some of these miRNAs could be of interest as biomarkers of cadmium exposure.In the second part of this thesis, we evaluated the tumorigenic properties of miR-92a-3p innon-small cell lung cancers. Our in vitro data suggests that targeting miR-92a-3p by antisense oligonucleotides could represent a relevant anticancer therapeutic strategy. Furthermore, amouse model of pulmonary adenocarcinoma (CCSP-Cre-LSL-KrasG12D model) has been developed to test the pharmacological effect of this therapeutic strategy.Overall, this work highlights the importance of miRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the field of cancer
Lancelot, Julien. "Caractérisation des sirtuines de Schistosoma mansoni : cibles thérapeutiques potentielles". Phd thesis, Université du Droit et de la Santé - Lille II, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01053816.
Testo completoLigat, Gaëtan. "Cytomégalovirus humain, mutations de résistance et nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques". Thesis, Limoges, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LIMO0046/document.
Testo completoHuman cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is an important opportunistic pathogen for immunecompromised patients and is the leading cause of congenital viral infection. Although they are effective, using of conventional molecules is limited by the emergence of resistance and their toxicity. Then it becomes necessary to develop new treatments. Study of new mutationsemerging under antiviral treatment is therefore essential. Introduction of these new mutations, by « en passant » mutagenesis, into an artificial bacterial chromosome containing the viral genome allows us, after transfection into human cells, testing antivirals sensitivity of the recombinant. Different mutations of resistances have been characterized. In order tohighlight new antiviral targets, bioinformatics and recombinant viruses production allowed to identify potential functional patterns essential for viral replication within terminase and helicase-primase complex. Thus, we have shown that pUL56 subunit of the terminase complex belongs to the LAGLIDADG Homing Endonuclease family. Indeed, pUL56 contains aLATLNDIERFL motif and a DNA binding motif. Alpha technology using purified proteins allowed to validate the essential character of the WMVVKYMGFF fragment of pUL56 for the interaction with pUL89. Finally, we highlighted the residues involved in ATP binding within the helicase and in the stabilization of zinc within the primase. Thus, understanding of these proteins structure could allow us to better understand their role within the viral replication process and the development of new therapies targeting these domains
Bergeron, Christophe. "Les polyamines : agents diagnostiques et cibles thérapeutiques en oncologie pédiatrique". Rennes 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993REN1B006.
Testo completoBarret, Agnès. "Maladies à Prions : Recherche de nouvelles molécules et cibles thérapeutiques". Limoges, 2004. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/af6145d5-a69f-4351-bbbb-71d633a51d8e/blobholder:0/2004LIMO0030.pdf.
Testo completoThe screening of diverse classes of molecules for the treatment of prion diseases lead to the conclusion of a limited effect for the quinacrine, a compound to date used for the treatment of patients, and for a new metalloporphyrin, in an animal model of peripheric PrPres accumulation, for which we need to precise the cellular targets function. Because of their efficiency to inhibit PrPres accumulation in vitro and in vivo, heparan mimetics seem to be the more promising drugs. Moreover, their effect is not limited to this function, as they can also reverse the transcriptional under-expression of Chst8 gene, encoding the GalNAc-4-O-sulfotransferase 1, found in the impact study of PrPres accumulation on the expression of several glycosylation related genes. In this study, an over-expression of the ChGn1 gene, encoding the enzyme initiating chondroitin sulfate synthesis, was also found. According to these findings, we have hypothesized a role for the GalNAc-4-O-sulfotransferase 1 and potentially of a terminal GalNAc hyposulfation, in chondroitin synthesis and in PrPres accumulation
Tran, Quang Thuy. "Les récepteurs β3-adrénergiques vasculaires : implications physiopathologiques et cibles thérapeutiques". Nantes, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009NANT30VS.
Testo completoThe β-adrenergic regulation of the cardiovascular function is performed by 3 β-adrenoceptor subtypes (β-AR), β1, β2 and β3-AR. Each β-AR has specific roles in physiopathology. During my thesis, I studied the role of β-AR receptors, in particular the β3-AR, in rat thoracic aorta in several physiopathological conditions (heart failure and endotoxemic shock). First, I demonstrated that racemic nebivolol, a 3rd generation β-blocker with vasodilatatory effects has β3-AR agonistic and α1-AR antagonistic properties. I also studied the differential adrenergic targets of the nebivolol enantiomeres. Furthermore, as β-blockade is a key treatment in heart failure, I also compared the effects of nebivolol and a β-blocker of 2nd generation, bisoprolol in the treatment of acute ischemic heart failure. The septic shock is a frequent cause of death mainly because of a cardiovascular failure. Surprisingly, whereas limited and contradictory data on the β-AR system in this pathology exist, actual treatments are targeting on these receptors. In this context, I characterize in the last part of my thesis, the remodelling of β1, β2 and β3-AR in rat thoracic aorta after endotoxemic shock
Pardo, Jérémie. "Méthodes d'inférence de cibles thérapeutiques et de séquences de traitement". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022UPASG011.
Testo completoNetwork controllability is a major challenge in network medicine. It consists in finding a way to rewire molecular networks to reprogram the cell fate. The reprogramming action is typically represented as the action of a control. In this thesis, we extended the single control action method by investigating the sequential control of Boolean networks. We present a theoretical framework for the formal study of control sequences.We consider freeze controls, under which the variables can only be frozen to 0, 1 or unfrozen. We define a model of controlled dynamics where the modification of the control only occurs at a stable state in the synchronous update mode. We refer to the inference problem of finding a control sequence modifying the dynamics to evolve towards a desired state or property as CoFaSe. Under this problem, a set of variables are uncontrollable. We prove that this problem is PSPACE-hard. We know from the complexity of CoFaSe that finding a minimal sequence of control by exhaustively exploring all possible control sequences is not practically tractable. By studying the dynamical properties of the CoFaSe problem, we found that the dynamical properties that imply the necessity of a sequence of control emerge from the update functions of uncontrollable variables. We found that the length of a minimal control sequence cannot be larger than twice the number of profiles of uncontrollable variables. From this result, we built two algorithms inferring minimal control sequences under synchronous dynamics. Finally, the study of the interdependencies between sequential control and the topology of the interaction graph of the Boolean network allowed us to investigate the causal relationships that exist between structure and control. Furthermore, accounting for the topological properties of the network gives additional tools for tightening the upper bounds on sequence length. This work sheds light on the key importance of non-negative cycles in the interaction graph for the emergence of minimal sequences of control of size greater than or equal to two
Bretones, Santamarina Jorge. "Integrated multiomic analysis, synthetic lethality inference and network pharmacology to identify SWI/SNF subunit-specific pathway alterations and targetable vulnerabilities". Electronic Thesis or Diss., université Paris-Saclay, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UPASL049.
Testo completoNowadays the cancer community agrees on the need for patient-tailored diagnostics and therapies, which calls for the design of translational studies combining experimental and statistical approaches. Current challenges include the validation of preclinical experimental models and their multi-omics profiling, along with the design of dedicated bioinformatics and mathematical pipelines (i.e. dimension reduction, multi-omics integration, mechanism-based digital twins) for identifying patient-specific optimal drug combinations.To address these challenges, we designed bioinformatics and statistical approaches to analyze various large-scale data types and integrate them to identify targetable vulnerabilities in cancer cell lines. We developed our pipeline in the context of alterations of the SWItch Sucrose Non-Fermentable (SWI/SNF) chromatin remodeling complex. SWI/SNF mutations occur in ~20% of all cancers, but such malignancies still lack efficient therapies. We leveraged a panel of HAP1 isogenic cell lines mutated for SWI/SNF subunits or other epigenetic enzymes for which transcriptomics, proteomics and drug screening data were available.We worked on four methodological axes, the first one being the design of an optimized pathway enrichment pipeline to detect pathways differentially activated in the mutants against the wild-type. We developed a pruning algorithm to reduce gene and pathway redundancy in the Reactome database and improve the interpretability of the results. We evidenced the bad performance of first-generation enrichment methods and proposed to combine the topology-based method ROntoTools with pre-ranked GSEA to increase enrichment performance .Secondly, we analyzed drug screens, processed drug-gene interaction databases to obtain genes and pathways targeted by effective drugs and integrated them with proteomics enrichment results to infer targetable vulnerabilities selectively harming mutant cell lines. The validation of potential targets was achieved using a novel method detecting synthetic lethality from transcriptomics and CRISPR data of independent cancer cell lines in DepMap, run for each studied epigenetic enzyme. Finally, to further inform multi-agent therapy optimization, we designed a first digital representation of targetable pathways for SMARCA4-mutated tumors by building a directed protein-protein interaction network connecting targets inferred from multi-omics HAP1 and DepMap CRISPR analyses. We used the OmniPath database to retrieve direct protein interactions and added the connecting neighboring genes with the Neko algorithm.These methodological developments were applied to the HAP1 panel datasets. Using our optimized enrichment pipeline, we identified Metabolism of proteins as the most frequently dysregulated pathway category in SWI/SNF-KO lines. Next, the drug screening analysis revealed cytotoxic and epigenetic drugs selectively targeting SWI/SNF mutants, including CBP/EP300 or mitochondrial respiration inhibitors, also identified as synthetic lethal by our Depmap CRISPR analysis. Importantly, we validated these findings in two independent isogenic cancer-relevant experimental models. The Depmap CRISPR analysis was also used in a separate project to identify synthetic lethal interactions in glioblastoma, which proved relevant for patient-derived cell lines and are being validated in dedicated drug screens.To sum up, we developed computational methods to integrate multi-omics expression data with drug screening and CRISPR assays and identified new vulnerabilities in SWI/SNF mutants which were experimentally revalidated. This study was limited to the identification of effective single agents. As a future direction, we propose to design mathematical models representing targetable protein networks using differential equations and their use in numerical optimization and machine learning procedures as a key tool to investigate concomitant druggable targets and personalize drug combinations
Le, Behot Audrey. "Nouvelles cibles thérapeutiques de l'accident vasculaire cérébral : GpIbα et ADAMTS-4". Caen, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013CAEN3164.
Testo completoRecombinant tissue-type plasminogen (rtPA) is the only treatment approved so far for acute ischemic stroke. However, clinical investigations have evidenced that number of clots are resistant to rtPA-induced thrombolysis. To improve the efficacy of rtPA-mediated thrombolysis, the aims of the present work were (i) to compare rtPA-induced recanalization in animal stroke models mimicking two etiologies such as thromboembolic and in situ thrombosis (ii) to understand the molecular mechanisms involved in formation of rtPA-resistant thrombi (iii) to improve clot lysis by targeting platelet receptors and (iv) to study the impact of molecules involved in the degradation of the extracellular matrix on the integrity of the blood brain barrier (BBB) following stroke. Our results confirm that the sensitivity to rtPA-mediated thrombolysis is influenced by thrombus composition and etiology. We demonstrated for the first time that occlusive thrombus formation is a two-steps mechanism: partial occlusion of the blood vessel depends on platelet aggregation through their glycoproteins (Gp) IIb/IIIa receptors and vessel lumen closure involves the GpIbα receptors. Thus, inhibitors of the GpIbα-vWF axis induce specific dissolution of the last-formed platelet aggregates and restore vessel patency. In ischemic conditions, early disruption of the clot is needed for minimizing cerebral damages but maintaining the BBB integrity is also crucial. Our results suggest that the metalloproteinase ADAMTS-4 that degrades the extracellular matrix is involved in maintaining the integrity of the BBB. Thus, ADAMTS-4 and GpIbα-VWF are promising candidates to minimize cerebral damages following ischemic stroke
Marret, Séverin. "Identification de cibles sur critères cinématiques". Bordeaux 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008BOR13613.
Testo completoGries, Alexandre. "Etude des Histones Désacétylases (HDACs) comme cibles thérapeutiques dans le cancer gastrique". Thesis, Strasbourg, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018STRAJ045.
Testo completoDue to the efficiency of treatments, the 5-year overall survival rate for patients with gastric cancer (GC) is approximately 15%. Currently, there is no stratification of patients to prescribe an effective treatment protocol.During my thesis, I established the role of HDAC4 in the sensitivity of GC cells to Cisplatin. I have shown that this response seems to depend on the type of GC (intestinal or diffuse) and the p53 status of cancer cells. I emphasized the interest of combining an HDAC inhibitor (SAHA) with platinum derivative chemotherapies (PDC: Cisplatin, Oxaliplatin) to promote their cytotoxic effects. Interestingly, I observed that the response to combination treatments is different depending on the p53 status of the cancer cells.These results open new perspectives in the use of PDC + SAHA combination therapies in GC. The p53 factor that is often mutated in GC could be a therapeutic marker for a such treatment protocol