Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Identificacao Antropologica (Medicina Legal)"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Identificacao Antropologica (Medicina Legal)"
Brito, Ana Carolina, Leandro Mendes de Freitas, Nattan Assunção Souza Nunes, Carlos Eduardo Graça Junior e Simone Medeiros Camargos. "Reconstrução facial na Antropologia Forense no Brasil sob a perspectiva da Medicina Legal". Revista Brasileira de Criminalística 13, n. 1 (27 marzo 2024): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15260/rbc.v13i1.795.
Testo completoFrancisco, Raffaela Arrabaça, Ricardo Henrique Alves da Silva, Josabeth Mendonça Pereira, Edson Garcia Soares, Euclides Matheucci Júnior, Edna Sadayo Miazato Iwamura e Marco Aurelio Guimarães. "A antropologia forense como triagem para as análises da genética forense". Saúde, Ética & Justiça 18, n. 1 (25 giugno 2013): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2317-2770.v18i1p128-133.
Testo completoCatananti, Cesare. "L’antropologia alla base della medicina: un dibattito antico ed attuale". Medicina e Morale 45, n. 6 (31 dicembre 1996): 1135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mem.1996.894.
Testo completoLopes, Carolyne Brito, Luis Carlos Cavalcante Galvão, Ricardo Araujo Da Silva, Tânia Adas Saliba e Cléa Adas Saliba Garbin. "ESTIMATIVA DO SEXO BIOLÓGICO POR MEIO DO CRÂNIO: UMA REVISÃO INTEGRATIVA". REVISTA FOCO 16, n. 5 (10 maggio 2023): e1824. http://dx.doi.org/10.54751/revistafoco.v16n5-055.
Testo completoScaramussa, Fernanda Sobral, Ivan Dieb Miziara e Carmen Silvia M. Galego Miziara. "Métodos antropológicos para estimativa de idade em cadáveres ou em restos mortais". Saúde Ética & Justiça 24, n. 2 (6 gennaio 2019): 67–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2317-2770.v24i2p67-73.
Testo completoPAIVA, Luiz Airton Saavedra de. "VALORES MATEMÁTICOS RELACIONADOS AO PROCESSO MASTÓIDE APLICADOS À DETERMINAÇÃO DO SEXO EM CRÂNIOS HUMANOS". Saúde, Ética & Justiça 4, n. 1-2 (7 novembre 1999): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.2317-2770.v4i1-2p59-60.
Testo completoGuimarães, M. A., C. L. Carezzato, C. T. M. Mendo e S. B. Garcia. "O reconhecimento de corpos por familiares no iml é uma necessidade ou uma violação de direitos humanos? Uma análise bioética social". Revista Brasileira de Bioética 14, edsup (12 aprile 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.26512/rbb.v14iedsup.26819.
Testo completoRusso, Maria Teresa. "La buona medicina sintesi di prudenza e sollecitudine: una riflessione a partire da Paul Ricoeur". Medicina e Morale 64, n. 1 (28 febbraio 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.4081/mem.2015.31.
Testo completoTesi sul tema "Identificacao Antropologica (Medicina Legal)"
Soares, Andjara Thiane Cury. "Perfil antropológico das ossadas analisadas no Centro de Medicina Legal (CEMEL) da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - USP". Universidade de São Paulo, 2008. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17143/tde-13012009-172238/.
Testo completoSOARES, A.T.C. Anthropological profile of the skeletons analyzed at the Medico Legal Centre (CEMEL) of the Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto USP. 2007. 169 p. Dissertation (Masters Degree) Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, Ribeirão Preto, 2007. Forensic Anthropology is an area of knowledge that applies the methods of physical anthropology and archeology to the collection and analysis of legal evidence, including the search for individual identity. The Medico Legal Centre (CEMEL) of the Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto of University of São Paulo (FMRP-USP) has a Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology, created in 2005 during a development project in partnership with the University of Sheffield (UK) and financed by the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office Global Opportunities Fund. During this project, a protocol for skeletal analysis was implemented within an upgraded scientific infrastructure for application in a socially important context. After two years of work, it was noticed that many skeletons forwarded to CEMEL were incomplete, making completion of a biological profile difficult and postponing identification due to the lack of information and recent national literature about Forensic Anthropology. Therefore, 42 human skeletons examined at CEMEL since its inauguration in 1999 were analyzed and reviewed. The results showed most cases to be of male individuals, of Caucasian ethnic origin, aged between 32.71 and 46.29 y.o., of height between 1.64 and 1.73 m, right handed, without any pathological findings, with informative odontological findings, but with no clothes or other belongings. It was observed that 61.90% of the skeletons were less than 50% complete, with a mean of 79.64±52.40 bones per case. The most frequently found bones were the occipital, left parietal, left temporal, right parietal, right temporal, right femur and one to 12 thoracic vertebrae. The least frequent bones were the hyoid, left triquetral, 1st right superior distal phalanx, two to five right superior distal phalanges and two to five left superior intermediate phalanges. The most frequently found teeth were the right superior 2nd molar and right superior 1st molar, while the least frequent teeth were the right superior central incisor, and right and left inferior central incisors. Clothes or other belongings were present in 20 cases, totaling 66 items. Thirty one cases have potential to be identified only via forensic anthropological analysis. For the remaining 11 cases it will be probably necessary to use DNA for identification. In view of these observations the necessity for improvements in technical qualifications and infrastructure are discussed, as well as recovery and transport, in order to maximize the number of skeletal elements recovered andas a consequenceof information useful in identification. Two skulls presented evidence of a craniotomy conducted during autopsy and one of candle residue, suggesting that it may have been taken improperly from the place of burial, or even sold, for its use in religious rituals. It is concluded that public awareness campaigns and better inspection of cemeteries may reduce cases of robbery and trade in skeletal remains.
Francisco, Raffaela Arrabaça. "Evolução dos casos de antropologia forense no Centro de Medicina Legal (CEMEL) da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto - USP de 1999 a 2010". Universidade de São Paulo, 2011. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17143/tde-06062012-134805/.
Testo completoForensic Anthropology is an area of knowledge that applies the methods of physical anthropology and archeology for the collection and analysis of legal evidences, to establish the identity of a human being. The Legal Medicine Center (CEMEL), of the Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo (FMRP/USP) has a Laboratory of Forensic Anthropology (LAF), created in 2005 as a partnership project with the University of Sheffield (UK) and funded by the British Foreign and Commonwealth Office Global Opportunities Fund. During this project, a protocol for the analysis of bones with an updated scientific framework applicable to the Brazilian social context was designed. During these twelve years there was an apparent change in the characteristics of the cases referred to the LAF/CEMEL, which led to the need of a detailed analysis and comparative of the cases. The purpose of this study was to show the historical evolution of the forensic anthropological cases analysis in LAF/CEMEL. In a first step, we analyzed the cases accumulated from 1999 to 2004. In a second step, we analyzed cases from 2005 to 2010. Finally, the study was conducted in accordance to the legal cause of death comparing the cases referred to LAF/CEMEL with the total cases of death from external causes in Ribeirão Preto and surrounding region. Based on the reports of Forensic Anthropology (REAFs), the predominant characteristic of bones analyzed anthropologically in LAF/CEMEL were: males, Caucasians, with an average age of 37 years (1999-2004) and 35 years (2005 to 2010 ), an average height of 1.68 meters (1999 to 2004) and 1.70 meters (2005 to 2010), handedness is non-specific (1999-2004), right-handed (2005-2010), with elements of dental information, with pathological findings (1999-2004) and no pathological findings (2005-2010), with clothing and/or belongings (1999-2004) and clothing and/or belongings (2005-2010). It was found that the parameters (eigth) analysed to identifying an individual only through the anthropological examination increased from 65% (1999 to 2004) to 93% (2005 to 2010). We conclude that the constant action in the anthropological analysis of bones has improved the quality of data and increased the likelihood of identifying, fulfilling its scientific and social role. A study was conducted to investigate the relationship between deaths from external causes (homicides) in recent decades occurred in Ribeirão Preto and surrounding region and the bones referred to LAF/CEMEL. Homicides decreased from 34 to 7 cases per 100 000 inhabitants/year. However, the average number of skeletons sent to LAF/CEMEL remained in the same pattern during these twelve years,, showing that there is no relationship between the number of homicides occurred in Ribeirão Preto and surrounding region with the number of bones sent to LAF/CEMEL diagnosed with death from external causes. It is estimated that the cases referred to the LAF/CEMEL bones are most likely linked to the crimes of running and hiding a corpse in the sugar cane fields of Ribeirão Preto and surrounding region.
Moretto, Maurício. "Comparação em estudo cego da aplicação de método antropométrico versus tabela de decisão LAF/CEMEL para estimativa de sexo em ossadas com perfil bioantropológico conhecido". Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/17/17143/tde-06062017-160210/.
Testo completoForensic Anthropology deals with the analysis of various aspects of the human being applied to the interests of justice. In practice, it works with skeletonized or partially skeletonized human remains in the context of an investigation, aiming to help or even provide the identification of unknown corpses. One of the few centers of expertise in Brazil, CEMEL bases its analysis on a decision-making protocol, named LAF/CEMEL, developed since 2005, which has given good results, reaching identification levels in the 38% range. The protocol is based on method of decision tables, analyzing aspects of bone anatomy to allow classification of sex, ancestry, age, height, dominance (right-handed/sinister). Regarding the estimation of sex, it is based on anatomical information especially of the pelvis, skull and jaw. Prepared in cooperation with researchers from the University of Sheffield (UK), it was based on comparisons with defined populations: Caucasian, African or Indigenous/Eastern. However, due to the intense miscegenation of the Brazilian population, the LAF/CEMEL protocol had to be adapted, aiming at the improvement of the results. However, the questions are if anthropometric analysis as presented in the literature, originated from and applied for homogeneous populations of defined ancestry could be used for Brazilian cases, considering its admixed ancestry and to what extent the method is effective or, in association with the current protocol, could make it more effective. This study was proposed to evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of an anthropometric method of sex estimation from the mastoid process triangle (porion, asterion and mastoidale), as described by Kemkes and Göbel (2006) and Paiva and Segre (2003). Of 74 skulls selected from the CEMEL/FMRP-USP collection, 28 were excluded due to the impossibility of execution of the method. The remaining 46 skulls were measured three times and the results compared with each other, as well as with the assignments based on the classifications used in the LAF/CEMEL protocol. In addition to the number of exclusions due to impossibility of execution of the method and the need for technical refinements to avoid intra-observer errors, the imprecision reached until 16,9% and inaccuracy 67,4%. The obtained results disagreed with those obtained by Paiva and Segre (2003) in 60.9% of cases. Reduction of observer errors over time and with technical refinement led to the anthropometric method increasing in efficiency. It was not as effective in estimating the sex of the skulls in the heterogeneous admixed sample compared to the anthroposcopic methods of LAF/CEMEL, indicating that these are more useful on samples of this kind.
Fernandes, Clemente Maia da Silva. "Análise das reconstruções faciais forenses digitais caracterizadas utilizando padrões de medidas lineares de tecidos moles da face de brasileiros e estrangeiros". Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/23/23148/tde-03072010-103917/.
Testo completoThe concern with the identification, that is the process by which the identity is determined, is quite old. Currently, the social relations or civil, criminal, administrative and commercial requirements need its evidence. The identification of deceased persons is essential not only to assuage the emotional needs of their friends and family, but also to allow legal actions related to death. Unfortunately, situations often occur when bodies arrive at the Medico-Legal Institutes in a state of putrefaction or skeletonization, and are not identified. In such situations, anthropometric analysis to estimate, for example, age, gender and height, are of great value. In these cases, forensic facial reconstruction is very important because it may serve to recognize and therefore increase the chances of identification. The three-dimensional forensic facial reconstruction can be manual or digital. The digital forensic facial reconstruction was made possible with the advent of Information Technology, medical imaging and new 3D image and reconstruction softwares. To perform facial reconstruction, data on the thickness of the soft tissues of the face are necessary. There is no literature records of facial reconstruction works carried out with digital data of soft tissues obtained from samples of Brazilian subjects. There are two tables of thickness of soft tissue published for the Brazilian population: one obtained from measurements performed in fresh cadavers (fresh cadavers pattern), and another from measurements on magnetic resonance imaging (magnetic resonance pattern). The aim of this study was to perform three different characterized digital forensic facial reconstructions (with hair, eyelashes and eyebrows) of a Brazilian subject (based on an international pattern and two national patterns for soft facial tissue thickness), and evaluate the digital forensic facial reconstructions comparing them to photos of the individual and other nine subjects. We used DICOM images of a computed tomography (CT) donated by a volunteer that, once converted, were used for the realization of the digital facial reconstructions. Once we\'ve performed the three reconstructions, they were compared with photographs of the volunteer who had his face reconstructed and of nine other subjects. Thirty examiners participated in this recognition attempt. The target subject, who had his face reconstructed, was recognized by 26.67% of the examiners in the reconstruction performed with the national Magnetic Resonance Pattern, 23.33% in the reconstruction performed with the national Fresh Cadavers Pattern of and 20.00 % in the reconstruction performed with the International Pattern, and the target-subject was the most recognized subject in the first two patterns. The correct recognitions of the subject indicate that the digital forensic facial reconstruction, carried out with parameters used in this study, may be a useful tool, with one or more subjects recognized to achieve a positive identification.
Alves, Daniel Rodrigues. "Análise de evidências de procedimentos médicos a efectuar no esqueleto humano realizados em indíviduos das colecções identificadas (séc. XIX/XX) da Universidade de Coimbra". Master's thesis, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/83281.
Testo completoA utilização de cadáveres humanos para fins de ensino é uma prática comum em todo o mundo. Nos últimos anos, muitos têm sido os estudos de evidências de procedimentos médicos em restos mortais. O objetivo desde estudo é identificar e distinguir os vários procedimentos médicos presentes nos indivíduos da CEIC, e deste modo conseguir realizar um estudo das técnicas e práticas do estudo anatómico nos Hospitais da Universidade de Coimbra nos inícios do século XX. Dos quinhentos e cinco (505) indivíduos, 64 (12,5%) apresentaram evidências de procedimentos médicos, incluindo 4 não-adultos sujeitos a cirurgias. Cinquenta (50/64; 78,1%) apresentam procedimentos médicos efetuados em osso “fresco”, e vinte e três (23/64; 35,9%) procedimentos efetuados em osso “seco”, sendo que 9 indivíduos têm evidências de procedimentos efetuados em osso “fresco”, e posteriormente, em osso “seco”, sendo considerados em ambos os grupos. Dos cinquenta indivíduos, três (3/50*100=6%) apresentam apenas procedimentos de craniotomia, onze indivíduos (11/50*100=22%) apenas de toracotomia, e vinte e cinco indivíduos (25/50*100=50%) de craniotomia e toracotomia. Dos restantes onze indivíduos (11/50*100=22%), 5 apresentam sinais de procedimentos cirúrgicos, e os restantes 6 apresentam evidências de seccionamentos de vários ossos longos. Após consulta de manuais anatómicos da época, foi possível identificar a maioria das técnicas utilizadas na craniotomia e na toracotomia, sendo as mais comuns são a craniotomia circunferencial e a toracotomia com corte na zona esternal das costelas. Com recurso à legislação da época referente a autópsias e dissecações, foi possível fazer a distinção de alguns indivíduos entre as duas categorias. As informações presentes sobre os indivíduos da CEIC verificou-se fulcral para a distinção, e sendo o primeiro estudo em Portugal focado nesta questão, pode ser um possível guia em futuros estudos de evidências de procedimentos médicos em esqueletos.
The use of human cadavers for teaching purposes is a widespread practice throughout the world. In recent years, many have been studies of evidence of medical procedures in the remains. The objective of this study is to identify and distinguish the various medical procedures present in the individuals of the CEIC, and thus to conduct a study of the techniques and practices of the anatomical study in the Hospitals of the University of Coimbra at the beginning of the 20th century. Of the five hundred and five (505) individuals, 64 (12.5%) presented evidence of medical procedures, including 4 non-adults undergoing surgeries. Fifty (50/64, 78.1%) had medical procedures performed on "fresh" bone, and twenty-three (23/64; 35.9%) procedures were performed on "dry" bone, with 9 individuals having evidence of procedures performed on "fresh" bone, and later, on "dry" bone, being considered in both groups. Of the fifty individuals, three (3/50 * 100 = 6%) presented only craniotomy procedures, eleven individuals (11/50 * 100 = 22%) only of thoracotomy, and twenty-five individuals (25/50 * 100 = 50 %) of craniotomy and thoracotomy. Of the remaining eleven individuals (11/50 * 100 = 22%), 5 presented signs of surgical procedures, and the remaining 6 presented evidence of sectioning of several long bones. After consulting anatomical manuals of the time, it was possible to identify most of the techniques used in craniotomy and thoracotomy, the most common being circumferential craniotomy and thoracotomy with cut in the sternal rib zone. Using the legislation of the time referring to autopsies and dissections, it was possible to distinguish some individuals between the two categories. The present information on the individuals of the CEIC was central to the distinction, and being the first study in Portugal focused on this question, it can be a possible guide in future studies of evidence of medical procedures in skeletons.
Vila, Luz Francisca Vanzeller. "Determinação médico-legal do dimorfismo sexual através da queiloscopia numa população portuguesa". Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/25514.
Testo completoEste projecto teve como objectivo validar, numa população portuguesa, a Queiloscopia como método forense de identificação humana na fase reconstrutiva, na estimativa médico-legal do sexo do indivíduo. A amostra populacional foi composta por 202 indivíduos vivos, 109 indivíduos do sexo feminino e 93 do sexo masculino. Classificou-se o padrão labial para cada indivíduo, recorrendo à divisão labial por dois métodos (1-por quadrantes e 2-por porção central e laterais), tendo por base a Classificação de Suzuki e Tsuchihashi. Procedeu-se à análise estatística dos dados obtidos recorrendo-se a tabelas de contingências e o seu coeficiente e regressão logística binária. O nível de significância foi definido em 5%. Os resultados mostraram que, estatisticamente, não se verificaram diferenças significativas no padrão labial entre géneros. A regressão logística binária também não apresentou valores significativos, demonstrando que não estamos na presença de um método a utilizar. Quando comparados os métodos 1 e 2, verificou-se um coeficiente de determinação de Nagelkerke superior para a metodologia por quadrantes, tendo essa um maior poder discriminativo. Contudo, a utilização conjunta dos dois métodos na mesma regressão logística apresenta um resultado mais discriminativo. Conclui-se que, na população analisada, embora haja dimorfismo sexual entre os sulcos labiais, eles não são significativamente diferentes, propondo que o género não afecta a classificação. Pela regressão logística há diferenças estatisticamente significativas entre o parâmetro de identificação sexo e o sexo estimado pelo sistema de classificação de Kazuo Suzuki e Yasuo Tsuchihashi. No futuro, sugere-se a continuação de estudos na área da Queiloscopia com amostras maiores para verificar o contributo do padrão labial no dimorfismo sexual, de forma a ampliar a evidência científica deste método qualitativo e aprimorar a informação disponível para as várias populações.
The aim of this project was to validate, on a Portuguese population, the Cheiloscopy as a forensic method for human identification on the reconstructive phase, for the medico-legal estimation of the individual’s sex. 202 living individuals, 109 women and 93 males composed the test sample. To classify the lip pattern for each individual was applied lip division using two methods (1- quadrants and 2.by central part and lateral portions), based on Suzuki and Tsuchihashi classification. The statistical analysis was done using tables of contingency and the contingent coefficient and binary logistic regression The level of significance used was 5%. The results showed that, statistically, there were no significant differences between lip pattern and sex. The binary logistic regression didn’t show significant values as well, showing that it’s not a method to use. If we compare the method 1 and the method 2, there is a Nagelkerke R-square higher for the method 1, having a bigger discriminative action. However, using both methods together in the same logistic regression has a better result. We conclude that, in the evaluated sample, despite the sexual dimorphism on the labial grooves, they are not significantly different, proposing that sex doesn’t affect the classification. By the logistic regression, there are statistical differences between the sex identification parameter and the estimated sex by Kazuo Suzuki and Yasuo Tsuchihashi classification. In the future, we suggest to continue with the cheiloscopy studies with bigger test samples to verify the contribution of lip pattern on the sexual dimorfism. This way, we can expand the cientific evidence of this qualitative method and improve the information available to the various populations.
Nogueira, Isabel Maria Meneses Baptista. "Relatório de Estágio realizado na Unidade Funcional de Patologia Forense do Serviço de Clínica e Patologia Forenses da Delegação do Centro do Instituto Nacional de Medicina Legal e Ciências Forenses, I.P". Master's thesis, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/94242.
Testo completoForensic Anthropology works side by side with other forensic sciences, particularly with Pathology and Genetics, in order to identify the victim(s) and to clarify the cause of death and the circumstances in which it might have occurred, from the detailed analysis of their cadaveric/skeletonized remains, which is of extreme importance during a criminal investigation, not only in legal and social contexts, but also in contexts of mass disasters and crimes against Humanity .For that, the forensic anthropologist must trace each of the parameters of the individual's biological profile - sex, age, stature and ancestry - from the morphological and/or metric analysis of certain anatomical regions, such as the morphological analysis of os coxae and the skull for sex estimation, such as the morphological analysis of degenerative traits in the pubic symphysis, on the auricular surface, at the sternal extremity of the 4th rib and in the acetabulum for age estimation, such as metric analysis of long bones (e.g. femur) for stature estimation, and such as the analysis of cranial morphological features for ancestry estimation.However, these four parameters only provide the expert with general identification information, requiring further detailed analysis of potential individualizing factors, such as skeletal changes of traumatic or pathological cause, skeletal characteristics of a morphological nature and/or signs of eventual medical-surgical procedures, in order to reach out the positive identification of the victim(s). Finally, when possible, the forensic anthropologist, in close collaboration with the forensic pathologist, should try to clarify the cause and manner of death, based on a careful analysis of traumatic bone injuries of a perimortal nature, taking into account the severity of the injuries and their impact on the internal organs.
A Antropologia Forense trabalha lado a lado com outras ciências forenses, particularmente com a Patologia e a Genética, com o objetivo de identificar a(s) vítima(s) e de esclarecer a causa da morte e as circunstâncias em que esta poderá ter ocorrido, a partir da análise detalhada dos restos cadavéricos/esqueletizados da(s) mesma(s), sendo isto de extrema importância durante uma investigação criminal, não apenas em contextos jurídicos e sociais, como em contextos de desastres de massa e de crimes contra a Humanidade. Para tal, o antropólogo forense deve traçar cada um dos parâmetros do perfil biológico do indivíduo - sexo, idade, estatura e ancestralidade -, a partir da análise morfológica e/ou métrica de determinadas regiões anatómicas, como a análise morfológica do osso coxal e do crânio para a estimativa do sexo, como a análise morfológica de traços degenerativos na sínfise púbica, na superfície auricular, na extremidade esternal da 4ª costela e no acetábulo para a estimativa da idade, como a análise métrica de ossos longos (ex.: fémur) para a estimativa da estatura, e como a análise das características morfológicas cranianas para a estimativa da ancestralidade.No entanto, estes quatro parâmetros apenas fornecem ao perito as informações gerais de identificação, sendo necessária a posterior análise detalhada de potenciais fatores individualizantes, como as alterações esqueléticas de origem traumática ou patológica não traumática, as características esqueléticas de natureza morfológica e/ou indícios de eventuais procedimentos médico-cirúrgicos, de maneira a chegar à identificação positiva da(s) vítima(s).Finalmente, quando possível, o antropólogo forense, em estreita colaboração com o médico patologista forense, deve tentar esclarecer a causa e a circunstância da morte, a partir da análise cuidada das lesões ósseas traumáticas de natureza perimortal, tendo em conta a gravidade das lesões e a sua repercussão ao nível os órgãos internos.