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Tesi sul tema "Hypoxie-ischémie néonatale"
Omar, Ibrahim Ifrah. "Neuroprotection du lactate dans le cadre de l'hypoxie-ischémie néonatale : Lactate et hypothermie : une double approche pour la neuroprotection dans l'hypoxie-ischémie néonatale". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0439.
Testo completoSince the introduction of the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS) concept by Pellerin and Magistretti in 1994, it has been proposed that lactate produced by astrocytes via glycolysis is transferred to neurons as a preferred energy substrate. More recently, the critical role of ANLS in brain activation and its associated functions has been demonstrated in vivo. Given that lactate is essential for neuronal activity, the question arises: could it also be neuroprotective in conditions characterized by cerebral energy deficits? To address this question, we used a neonatal hypoxia-ischemia (NHI) model, a leading cause of mortality and subsequent disabilities in infants. NHI results in brain lesions due to a significant reduction in oxygen (O2) and glucose supply. Currently, the only clinical treatment is moderate therapeutic hypothermia (TH), which helps limit the neurological damage caused by NHI. However, nearly half of the affected newborns do not respond favorably to this treatment. Research conducted by our team using an NHI rat model demonstrated that lactate administration has neuroprotective effects. The aim of my thesis was to determine whether lactate administration is compatible with HT following an NHI event and to compare the effects of combining these two therapies with HT alone. To achieve this goal, my thesis was structured around three main objectives:1.Development of a hypothermia protocol in an NHI rat model: This was done to identify optimal treatment conditions. Three hypothermia durations (2 h, 3 h, and 5 h) post-NHI were compared through longitudinal monitoring of brain damage using MRI (Bruker 4.7T) and various behavioral tests. Histological and immunohistochemical analysis were also conducted to provide complementary insights.2.Evaluation of the therapeutic potential of lactate combined with hypothermia: The neuroprotective effects of this combination were compared to TH alone. The optimal window for lactate administration was also established. The molecular mechanisms underlying these neuroprotective effects were investigated using Western blot analysis. Additionally, the impact of lactate on neuroinflammation was examined by evaluating its role in modulating microglial phenotypes in vitro.3.Assessment of the safety of lactate administration on neonatal blood parameters: This was conducted through a retrospective study of preterm infants who received sodium L-lactate infusions.Our findings clearly indicated that 2 hours of TH were sufficient to reduce brain lesion volumes and achieve optimal performance in behavioral tests. Moreover, lactate administration combined with TH proved to be more neuroprotective than TH alone. Finally, in the retrospective study, sodium L-lactate infusion in preterm infants did not increase lactatemia or disturb other blood parameters.In conclusion, lactate administration is neuroprotective in the context of NHI, even when combined with TH, and is safe for preterm infants, even when lactatemia is already elevated. These results suggest promising potential for clinical pediatric applications
Dumont, Ursule. "Effet neuroprotecteur d’une supplémentation maternelle en polyphénols dans le cadre de l’hypoxie-ischémie néonatale". Thesis, Bordeaux, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021BORD0022.
Testo completoNeonatal hypoxia-ischemia (HI) is a major cause of death or subsequent disabilities in infants. HI causes brain lesions, which are induced by a strong reduction in oxygen and nutrient supply. Hypothermia is the only validated beneficial intervention, but not all newborns respond to it. Trans-resveratrol (RSV) is an interesting candidate as it has been reported to exhibit neuroprotective effects in some neurodegenerative diseases. This experimental study aimed to investigate a possible neuroprotection of RSV in rat neonatal HI, when administered to the pregnant rat female, at a nutritional dose. Several groups of pregnant female rats were studied in which RSV was added to drinking water either during the last week of pregnancy, the first week of lactation, or both. Then, 7-day old pups underwent an HI event. Pups were followed longitudinally, using both MRI and behavioral testing. To decipher the molecular mechanism of this neuroprotection, RT-qPCR and western blots were also performed on pup brain samples. Data clearly indicated that when dams were supplemented with RSV, HI pup brain lesions were significantly reduced. Maternal RSV supplementation allowed to reverse HI pup sensorimotor and cognitive deficits caused by the insult. The best recoveries were observed when RSV was administered during both gestation and lactation rsvGL group. Our hypothesis is that RSV, in addition to the well-known neuroprotective benefits via the sirtuin’s pathway (antioxidant properties, inhibition of apoptosis), has an impact on brain metabolism, and more specifically on the astrocyte-neuron lactate shuttle (ANLS), as suggested by RT-qPCR and western-blot data that contributes to the neuroprotective effects
Serrière, Sophie. "Recherche de biomarqueurs précoces par SRM 1 H haute résolution dans l'hypoxie ischémie cérébrale néonatale et dans l'inflammation materno-foetale". Tours, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOUR3308.
Testo completoA metabonomic approach using high resolution resonance magnetic spectroscopy was investigated on newborn (piglet model of cerebral hypoxia ischemia) and maternal (rat model of maternofetal inflammation induced by E Coli lipopolysaccharid injections) biological fluids. The aim of this study was to evidence an early biomarker of these two pathologies. Neither in the urine and nor in the cerebrospinal fluid of hypoxic ischemic animals, specifi biomarkers of the pathology were evidenced. Metabonomic studies combined with multivaried analysis on the maternal blood plasma and on the amniotic fluid of inflammation-induced animals at day eighteen and nineteen of gestation had evidenced some specific biomarkers. In addition, inflammation impact was demonstrated on pregnancy outcome, on the mean number of newborn per litter and on the newborn growth during the fourteen's days of life
Dupré, Nicolas. "Etude de la réponse différenciée à l'hypoxie-ischémie au cours du développement cérébral périnatal chez la souris". Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMR013.
Testo completoHypoxia-ischemia and inflammation are the major triggers of cerebral palsy (CP) in preterm and term new-born. CP is defined as a group of nonprogressive disorders of movement and posture, associated with cognitive and behavioural disorders. CP prevalence is about 1.7‰ living birth and leads to life-long medical care which altogether makes CP a healthcare issue. Preterm and term new-born exhibit specific structural damages and long-term outcomes. In the perinatal period, therapeutic or preventive strategies are limited due to the risk of interference with the ongoing development. To further explore lesion mechanisms, we used the well described “Rice-Vannucci” model of HI adapted in mice aged 5 or 10 days (P5/P10). At these developmental stages, mouse cortical development mimics those of human preterm and term new-born respectively.Methods. To explore the differentiated response to HI between P5 and P10 mice, we first performed a longitudinal MRI study associated with learning and social behaviour testing at adulthood. We also used targeted enzymatic approaches in perinatal period. In a second time, we performed a global, non-targeted assessment of early HI-induced transcriptome modifications during the first 24h after HI.Results I. Our results validated the HI model for the study of age-dependent lesions corresponding to preterm or term new-born lesions. We confirmed the P5-specific white matter lesions mimicking periventricular leukomalacia of preterm infants (30GW). We showed that these white matter lesions originate from age-dependent vascular vulnerability. This vascular vulnerability involved P5 restricted vascular MMP-9 activity which also depends on tPA activity. We showed age-dependent long-term cognitivo-behavioural outcomes, allowing us to associate white matter damages to social behaviour and hyperactivity, whereas learning deficits were more pronounced in P10 mice and associated with hippocampal and retrosplenial cortex damages.Results II. The transcriptome study has generated a useful database for further research. It also showed very important differences in HI-induced transcriptomic responses. Five highlights emerged: i) identical processes (pathways, GO terms) were affected by HI in both P5 and P10 mice: i.e. regulation of transcription, inflammation, cell death/apoptosis and angiogenesis, but the genes induced or repressed associated to these processes were highly different at the two stages, ii) the HI-induced transcription response at P10 mainly counteracted the development-induced transcription changes, iii) the kinetics of induction/repression were different between P5 and P10 mice; P10 mice exhibiting a global delayed response to HI compared to P5 in terms of delay of induction/repression and maximum amplitude, iv) twenty-four hours after HI, the response at P5 was slowing down, apparently returning to basal state, whereas in P10 mice the changes appeared uncontrolled, v) a P5 specific coordinated repression of genes coding proteins involved in synaptic function was observed 12h post-HI, perhaps at the origin of the global slowing-down of transcription alterations observed 24h post-HI.Conclusion. These complementary studies provide a better understanding of the pathogenesis of neonatal brain injury. They also open routes towards new research areas such as: i) the specific vascular vulnerability, depending on brain structures and developmental stage, ii) the consideration of the maturation stage in the further development and experimentation of new neuroprotective strategies
Brochu, Marie-Elsa. "Modulation neuroinflammatoire développementale dans la physiopathologie des lésions cérébrales néonatales". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/5540.
Testo completoLavoie, Karine. "Rôle des cytokines pro-inflammatoires dans les lésions périnatales responsables de la paralysie cérébrale dans un modèle animal de maturité cérébrale comparable au nouveau-né à terme". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4037.
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