Tesi sul tema "Hypothèse de la simulation"
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Panescu, Florentina Roxana Gabriela. "Modélisation eulérienne d'écoulements diphasiques à phase dispersée et simulation numérique par une méthode volumes-éléments finis". Nice, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NICE4077.
Testo completoThis thesis deals with the construction of the mathematical and numerical study of a dysphasic model of flow to an incompressible phase. The first part presents the establishment of the model. The starting point is the well-known model with two fluids in the specialized literature which one considers here in his isothermal and isobar form and which results (in a dimension of space) in a system of four coupled equations. By using the technique of the development of Chapman-Enskog within the limit of a relaxation time speed tending towards 0, one shows that this system can be reduced to a system with the conservation equations and one obtains a law of behaviour of the Darcy type for the imbalance speeds. The second part of this work is devoted to the mathematical analysis of this model. It is shown that it is hyperbolic, and one gives the exact solution of the Riemann problem. Lastly, last part, one is interested in the numerical approximation of this system. One develops numerical methods based on solveurs of Riemann exact and approached for the approximation of the hyperbolic terms and on finite elements methods for the approximation of the terms of imbalance speeds. One builds them implicit methods in time for this type of discretization and one continues by the development of implicit schemes to two steps. One concludes by some numerical applications
Combe, Laure. "Simulation numérique d'écoulements gaz-particules sur maillage non structuré". Toulouse, INPT, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997INPT133H.
Testo completoButhaud, Martin. "La simulatiοn du mοnde : le jeu vidéο cοmme principe et οutil d'explicatiοn du réel". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMR069.
Testo completoThe idea that new technologies and digital artifacts constitute virtual worlds or universes is pervasive in most academic and media debates. Video games particularly illustrate this perspective by offering players a genuine sense of "immersion" in these worlds. However, the concept of a "world" remains vaguely defined, despite its central role in philosophy, making it even more challenging to establish a clear boundary between the "real world" and the "game world." To clarify the notion of the "videogame world," this dissertation intertwines fundamental philosophical inquiries with the more recent field of game studies and seeks to revitalize certain reflections initiated by the game philosopher Jacques Henriot on the "ludic metaphor" and its reversibility.Specifically, we demonstrate the extent to which metaphorically conceiving games as worlds has led us to consider the world itself as a video game. To develop this argument, our analysis examines various processes, including the recent "simulation hypothesis" proposed by Nick Bostrom and David Chalmers. While such a reversal of the ludic metaphor is not new, it assumes an unprecedented scale today due to a dynamic—which we call "videogame emersion"—wherein the game reciprocally influences the world and the representations we construct of it. Building upon this observation, this thesis proposes to conceptualize these discursive elements as a "techno-cosmic metaphor." By this concept, we denote the way in which we "confuse" the world with the technical artifacts that enable us to comprehend and represent it, with video games being just one of its most recent manifestations
Godel, Guillaume. "Modélisation de sous-maille de la combustion turbulente : développement d'outils pour la prédiction de la pollution dans une chambre aéronautique". Phd thesis, INSA de Rouen, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00557904.
Testo completoChaumontet, Gilles. "Étude de faisabilité d'un micro-contrôleur de très haute sécurité". Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00337843.
Testo completoLacombe, Jean-Pierre. "Analyse statistique de processus de poisson non homogènes. Traitement statistique d'un multidétecteur de particules". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1985. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00318875.
Testo completoFrançoise, Gaydier. "Simulation informatique d'expérience aléatoire et acquisition de notions de probabilité au lycée". Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00826073.
Testo completoNguyen, Thi Phuong Kieu. "Analyse mathématique et simulation numérique des modèles d'écoulements bouillants pour la thermohydraulique des centrales nucléaires". Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV007/document.
Testo completoWe investigated some finite volume methods for the numerical simulation of a flow involving two incompressible phases or general two compressible phases in mechanical disequilibrium. The main difficulties of the regime where there is either a phase appearance or a phase disappearance is the singularity of the velocity. We show that using the entropy fix will much improve these problems. Finally, we perfom some important numerical tests to verify the numerical methods, such as a phase separation by gravity or a boiling channel
Rachel, Schurhammer. "Simulations par dynamique moléculaire de la solvatation et du comportement interfacial d'espèces hydrophobes.Application à l'hypothèse TATB et à l'extraction liquide/liquide de cations par le CO2 supercritique". Phd thesis, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2001. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00292205.
Testo completoLa première partie concerne l'hypothèse TATB qui suppose que les deux ions AsΦ4+ (TA+) et BΦ4- (TB-) ont la même énergie de solvatation dans tout solvant. Nous avons montré que les deux ions étaient solvatés différemment dans des liquides purs (eau, chloroforme, acétonitrile) ainsi qu'à une interface chloroforme / eau. Des calculs de différences d'énergie libre de transfert ont confirmé cette tendance, de même que des simulations sur des ions "hypothétiques" S+ et S-, analogues sphériques de AsΦ4+ et BΦ4- qui répondent exactement aux critères de l'hypothèse. De nombreux tests méthodologiques ont été effectués et ont permis de montrer l'importance (i) d'une description correcte des interactions à "longue distance", (ii) de la répartition précise des charges atomiques et (iii) du modèle de solvant utilisé notamment pour l'eau, sur la différence de solvatation de "gros" ions hydrophobes selon leur charge.
La seconde partie décrit les premières simulations avec le CO2 supercritique dans le cadre de l'extraction liquide / liquide de cations métalliques. Nous avons étudié le comportement d'ions (Cs+, UO22+, Eu3+), de molécules extractantes (tri-n-butylphosphate, calixarène), de complexes de ces cations avec ces molécules extractantes et d'acide nitrique à une interface préformée CO2 / eau et lors de simulations de séparation de phase, en partant de solutions binaires homogènes CO2 / eau. Ces études démontrent l'importance des phénomènes interfaciaux, des conditions de simulations, ainsi que de la concentration en acide et en extractant, dans les processus d'extraction vers le CO2 supercritique.
Furfaro, Damien. "Simulation numérique d'écoulements multiphasiques, problèmes à interfaces et changement de phase". Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AIXM4751/document.
Testo completoThis work deals with the numerical simulation of compressible multiphase flows in velocity disequilibrium. A HLLC-type two-phase Riemann solver is developed and validated against exact solutions and experimental data. This solver is robust, simple, accurate and entropy preserving. The numerical method is then implemented in 3D unstructured meshes. Furthermore, a numerical technique consisting in enforcing the correct energy partition at a discrete level in agreement with the multiphase shock relations is built. The multiphase extension of the HLLC-type Riemann solver is realized and allows the simulation of a wide range of applications. Finally, a droplet heat and mass transfer model with large range of validity is derived. It is valid in any situation: evaporation, flashing and condensation. It accounts for coupled heat and mass diffusion in the gas phase, thermodynamics of the multi-component gas mixture and heat diffusion inside the liquid droplet, enabling in this way consideration of both droplets heating and cooling phenomena
Hammani, Imadeddine. "Amélioration de la méthode SPH pour écoulements multiphasiques : Application à l’amerrissage d’urgence d’avions". Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECDN0001.
Testo completoThis thesis focuses on the improvement of the SPH method for multiphase flows, and its application to emergency landing of aircrafts. This problem, also known as “ditching”, is characterized by violent flows resulting in large deformations of the free-surface. In addition, the ditching problem encompasses coupled evolutions of the different phases present during the impact, namely air, liquid water and, in extreme cases, water vapor. The SPH method is an excellent candidate for simulating such problems. Indeed, on the one hand, the absence of mesh within this method makes it easier to compute large deformations of the free-surface, completely eliminating the problem of mesh distortion, unlike other classical numerical methods such as Finite Elements. On the other hand, the SPH method naturally lends itself to the simulation of multiphase flows due to its Lagrangian formalism. The absence of convective terms within the SPH equations prevents the existence of numerical diffusion at the interface between fluids, eliminating the traditional need for interface capture schemes. During this thesis, first a new explicit weakly-compressible SPH model was developed, capable of simulating multiphase flows at high density ratios, possibly in the presence of a freesurface, while producing pressure fields without spurious oscillations. A study of the numerical stability of this model was conducted, resulting in a heuristic definition of the maximum stable time steps as a function of the sound speed ratio of the fluids involved. Then, the model was validated and compared to a Riemann-SPH scheme, in terms of stability domain, pressure fields and numerical diffusion. Finally, as part of the European SARAH project, the SPH method was applied to the problem of aircraft ditching under real impact velocity conditions. Experiments conducted by other partners have demonstrated the existence of cavitation at certain impact speeds. As a result, a numerical cavitation capturing technique was introduced in this thesis. Finally, 2D and 3D SPH simulations yielded a satisfactory agreement between the experiments and our numerical results
Buchaillard, Stéphanie. "Activations musculaires et mouvements linguaux : modélisation en parole naturelle et pathologique". Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007GRE10268.
Testo completoThe purpose of the work presented in this manuscript is the development, in the long run, of some interactive software for tongue surgery, based on a three-dimensional biomechanical model of the tongue, allowing the evaluation of the consequences of some surgery on tongue mobility and supporting the planning and the per-operational guidance of the surgical gesture. The studies led to date aim at studying the feasibility of such a tool. The first part of this thesis is devoted to a thorough description of the model used. After the presentation of the vocal tract anatomy and of the clinical context, the model geometry is described with precision (internal structure of the tongue model and representation of the bony and soft structures of the vocal tract). The assumptions carried out for biomechanical modelling are introduced as well as the motor control scheme based on the lambda model of the equilibrium-point hypothesis. The extraction of the vocal tract area function is then presented with the model of speech synthesis. The second part is centred on the results obtained for natural and pathological speech. Our simulations showed the ability of our model to generate the oral vowels of French, with acoustic characteristics close to the values generally observed and satisfactory tongue shapes. Similar simulations are also presented for two cases of tongue surgery: a hemiglossectomy and a widened mouth floor resection
Buchaillard, Stéphanie. "Activations musculaires et mouvements linguaux : modélisation en parole naturelle et pathologique". Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00201486.
Testo completoLa première partie de ce mémoire est consacrée à une description approfondie du modèle utilisé. Après une présentation de l'anatomie du conduit vocal et du contexte clinique, la géométrie du modèle est décrite avec précision (structure interne du modèle de langue et représentation des structures osseuses et molles du conduit vocal) ainsi que les hypothèses effectuées tant sur le plan de la modélisation biomécanique à l'aide d'un modèle hyperélastique que du contrôle moteur basé sur le modèle lambda du point d'équilibre. L'extraction de la filière aérique est alors introduite de même que le modèle de synthèse utilisé.
La seconde partie est centrée sur les résultats obtenus en parole naturelle et en parole pathologique. Les simulations réalisées ont permis de montrer que ce modèle était capable de générer les voyelles orales du français, avec des caractéristiques acoustiques proches des valeurs généralement observées et des formes de langue satisfaisantes. Des simulations similaires sont également présentées pour deux cas de chirurgie linguale : une hémiglossectomie et une résection élargie du plancher buccal.
Martins, Rosa Cristina. "Prévision robuste sous une hypothèse ergodique". Toulouse 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU10019.
Testo completoThe thesis is devoted to the nonparametric prediction of a strictly stationary and ergodic process. In the first chapter, we prove the mean and the almost everywhere convergence of standard estimators of a density function and its derivatives. In the second chapter, the estimation of a multivariate regression function and its derivatives is considered. Uniform consistency properties, concerning the Nadaraya-Watson estimator, are established. These results allow us to deduce a nonparametric predictor for the class of processes mentioned above. In the third chapter, we investigate the asymptotic behaviour of kernel type estimators of the conditional distribution and density functions. As a consequence, we derive the convergence of two robust predictors, based on the trimmed mean and the conditional median, as well as the predictor defined by the conditional mode. The work is concluded by a computational study, analysing the behaviour of nonparametric predictors in a practical situation. The obtained results confirm the efficiency of nonparametric forecasting methods, showing performances at least as good as the standard parametric ones
An, Qian. "A Monte Carlo Study of Several Alpha-Adjustment Procedures Used in Testing Multiple Hypotheses in Factorial Anova". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2010. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ohiou1269439475.
Testo completoShahidi, Niousha. "L' hypothèse de l'espérance d'utilité en assurance". Paris 9, 2001. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2001PA090049.
Testo completoFauquier, Frédéric. "Exégèses néoplatoniciennes de la première hypothèse du Parménide". Paris 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008PA010677.
Testo completoKipman-Amslem, Amélie. "Génétique de l' anorexie mentale : l' hypothèse sérotoninergique". Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066423.
Testo completoFournier, Robert. "Le bioprogramme et les français créoles : vérification d'une hypothèse". Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10105.
Testo completoArrondel, Luc. "Hypothèse du cycle de vie et composition du patrimoine". Paris 10, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA100166.
Testo completoThis thesis presents a general model of portfolio choices which is tested on the french CREP 1980 survey with 3. 000 households. The model extends the framework of modigliani's life cycle hypothesis to wealth composition with the help of existing partial theories (generalised form of the life cycle hypothesis allowing for bequest, merton's intertemporal portfolio choice model, model of acquisition of durable goods and housing). If finally assumes that household accumulation behaviour can be described by a three stage sequential procedure : (1) consumption-saving decision; (2) discrete choice of the combination of assets held; (3) continuous choice of conditional assets demands, given the combination held. Empirical econometric and statistical analysis deals both with the number of assets held, as an indicator of wealth diversification, and with portfolio composition. It shows the importance of the size of wealth and of age on assets demands and reveals the key role played by the discrete choice, results wich seem to vindicate the hypothesis of a three stage budgeting. From the explanatory variables of each asset ownership and conditional demand it is also possible to elaborate a typology of the 14 assets distinguished by the survey
Traversi, Bruno. "La danse comme spontanéité : hypothèse d'une structure inconsciente du mouvement". Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100029.
Testo completoA distinction can be made between two forms of spontaneity, i.e. the autonomous spontaneity – the gesture originates from the interiority of the subject, regardless of external influences-, and the heteronomous spontaneity – a kind of reaction, of letting go according to environmental changes. The first is the one of the dancers “of the mandala”, as observed by Carl Gustav Jung, who act unwillingly, caught up by an inner greatness. The second is the one of contemporary dancers, such as those practicing PAXTON’s Contact Improvisation, or as Buto dancers. Those two types of spontaneity refer to two different scientific paradigms. Whereas PAXTON explicitly bases his practice on Newton’s laws and conceives the relations of an individual with his/her environment as mechanical interactions, Jung and Wolfgang Pauli think the relation of men and their environment not only through sensitivity and causality, but also through the acausal link of psyche. JUNG and PAULI’s view is grounded on discoveries in particular physics, mainly on Niels BOHR’s concept of complementarity. We then propose a phenomenological approach of this dance, from which we identify an unconscious structure of movement. This structure includes three planes of psychophysical experience (individual and collective), which are nested in each other, that we call: central, primary and secondary.Their deployment correspond to three stages of the differentiation of the self and the non-self, or, one might prefer to say, of the we and the I – the psychophysics architecture that echoes PLOTINUS’ metaphysic structure
Pouet, Christophe. "Tests minimax non-paramétriques : hypothèse nulle composite et constantes exactes". Paris 6, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA066383.
Testo completoCaillet, Raphaël. "Hypothèse d'efficience informationnelle : marchés de matières premières versus marchés financiers". Grenoble 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001GRE21021.
Testo completoBen, Amar Nesrine. "Alignement stratégique des usages du système ERP : Emergence d'une hypothèse culturaliste". Phd thesis, Conservatoire national des arts et metiers - CNAM, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00730511.
Testo completoKouyate, Cheick Tidiane. "Hypothèse des anticipations rationnelles : application de la méthode de Blanchard-Khan". Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/296.
Testo completoTang, Lin. "Hypothèse du cycle de vie et comportement d'accumulation patrimoniale en incertain". Paris 10, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA100074.
Testo completoUsing a numerical method, this thesis looks at, within the context of the life cycle hypothesis, the constitution of sav ings and the accumulation of wealth where the length of humain life is incertain. Introdusing the notion of torsion, the autor has shown the extent of the effect of the 4th age. The optimum life assurance cover and the decision to purchase or dispose of property are also treated
Magniny, Véronique. "Les réfugiés de l'environnement : hypothèse juridique à propos d'une menace écologique". Paris 1, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA010284.
Testo completoChtourou, Nesrine. "Alignement stratégique des usages du système ERP : Emergence d’une hypothèse culturaliste". Thesis, Paris, CNAM, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012CNAM0807/document.
Testo completoThe purpose of this thesis is to investigate the squares scope of the cultural dimension towards the phenomenon of strategic alignment of IS- subtlety insufficiently analyzed- even to include in depth the impact that can practice the organizational culture on the strategic alignment of ERP system usages, in particular during the post go-live step.A theoretical exploration, relevant to our scientific questioning, appeared to us as indispensable prerequisite to constitute at the same time the foundation and the justification of the proposed modeling. Which was probation of the professional reality with a selection of companies operating in Tunisia and being in the phase of the post go-live of their ERP systems. Making it, it seemed to us more constructive to adopt the qualitative/quantitative complementarity of both approaches at the level of our empirical approach, and it within the framework of a methodological triangulation. Our investigation took place in two waves. During the first one, 5 case studies were led from 16 semi-directive interviews with General Manager, Operational/Functional Director and IS Director involved in the strategic alignment of ERP system usages. Based on the results of the analysis conducted by the contents of the interviews, a survey by questionnaire was administered in the second phase with 55 Operational/Functional Director recovering from 22 companies.The diversity of the obtained results confirming at the same time the feasibility and the validation of the modeling research and tends to demonstrate the peculiarity of our reflection in which the main contribution lies in the emergence of an innovative culturalist hypothesis. Which applies the importance of taking into consideration of the organizational culture as stimulating potential of the strategic alignment of ERP system usages, the referee so at the managerial need concerning the control of the strategic alignment of the uses during the post go-live step
Euzenat, Jérôme. "Un système de maintenance de la vérité à propagation de contextes". Grenoble 1, 1990. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004714/.
Testo completoHiba, Abdallah. "Processus de diffusion sur un flot de variétés riemanniennes". Grenoble, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010GRENM057.
Testo completoLn thls theos, we create Dnks between tbe properties of dlffuoon of tbe Riemannlan manifold and 111 geometry. We embedd a faml. Ly of Riemannlan manifolds whose metrle Is time dependent, Into a Hllbel't space wlth Its duffusloo properties. Namely, via tbe elgenfunetions of the eorrespondlng I8plllelan or 111 heat kernel. We prove tbat we ean eonstrud embeddlngs via a flnlte number of elgenfunctions for an familles of Riemannlan manifolds (M, g(t» sneh tllat g(t) Is analytlc ln t. If the volume of (M, g(t» Is constant, we cao eonst. Rud an embeddlng witll a complete elgenfnnetlons basls. This embeddlog will be eaDed the G. P. S embeddiog. Thil embeddlng Is very informative regardlng thls famDy of maolfolds. Tl1en, we eonlt. Rud the fundamentallolutlon P for tl1e non-Dnear lIeat eqnatlon aetlng on (M,g(t», Incll tbat tl1e volume (M, g(t» Is constant. FlnaDy we give Il conjecture on tbe asymptotic formula of P, and we prove tl1at, If tlils conjecture Is true, we can embed (M,g(t» loto a Hilbert space via P
Qu, Yan. "Problèmes de type Linnik pour les fonctions L de formes automorphes". Thesis, Nancy 1, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008NAN10070/document.
Testo completoIn the thesis we have studied the distribution of the coefficients of automorphic L-functions for GL(m) with m = 2. On the one hand, we have treated the first sign change of these coefficients, i.e. the Linnik-type problems, and obtained the polynomial-type estimates. On the other hand, we studied the long and short summations of coefficients of L-functions for GL(m) on the prime numbers to test their decompensation, respectively
Saint-Aubin, Jean. "Représentations à long terme et rappel sériel immédiat : une hypothèse de récupération". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0022/NQ31506.pdf.
Testo completoYildiz, Ayşegül. "Contributions à la théorie de l'équilibre général sans hypothèse de non-satiation". Paris 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA010060.
Testo completoSranon, Carine. "De l'utilisation de l'information comptable par les analystes financiers français". Paris 9, 1998. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1998PA090032.
Testo completoEfficient market hypothesis (EMH) states that public information is useless when trying to earn abnormal returns. Empirical research shows a considerable amount of evidence that financial analyst uses firm's accounting reports that are, by definition, public informations. EMH, in spite of serious attacks, remains one of finance' leading paradigm while the number of financial analysts is ever increasing in France as in other countries. Our work addresses this paradoxical situation. It promotes a conceptual framework built on the results of 13 interviews. The resulting seventeen hypothesis are tested through the mailing of a questionnaire. It was sent to financial analysts assessing stocks on the French financial market using fundamental analysis. Our results highlight the following factors. 1. Financial analyst do not believe in fmf1 conclusion that accounting reports are useless. 2. Their work is not limited to forecast and investment decision. This profession economic role is also to provide investors with the latest news and to serve the commercial strategy of their firms. 3. The way their work is organized enables them to produce private informations which can earn abnormal returns if the markets are semi-strong efficient. 4. Accounting information importance is limited during the recommadation process
Jousse, Nicolas. "Etude d'un problème de continuité lié à l'hypothèse de Riemann". Bordeaux 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004BOR12812.
Testo completoCette thèse est consacrée à l'étude d'un problème lié au critère de Beurling Nyman sur l'hypothèse de Riemann. On y étudie la continuité de la projection de la fonction indicatrice de l'intervalle ]0,1] sur un sous-espace vectoriel variable de l'ensemble des fonctions dont le carré est intégrable sur la demi-droite réelle engendré par des fonctions dilatées de la fonction partie fractionnaire. Dans la première partie de la thèse, on établit un résultat général sur la projection P d'un vecteur d'un espace de Hilbert H sur un sous-espace de H dépendant d'une variable. On démontre un critère de continuité sur P à l'aide d'hypothèses de convergence faible. Dans la deuxième partie, on précise ces résultats généraux au cas où H est de la forme L2(Y). Dans la troisième partie, on approfondit encore notre étude lorsque Y est un groupe abélien localement compact, sigma-compact et métrisable, et on projette sur un sous-espace de L2(Y) engendré par des dilatées d'une fonction donnée f dans L2(Y). La dernière partie met en application ce qui précède dans le cadre du critère de Beurling-Nyman pour la fonction zeta, et plus généralement, pour les fonctions de la classe de Selberg
Satgé, Daniel. "Action antitumorale de la protéine S100B dans la trisomie 21 ? Hypothèse et perspectives". Montpellier 2, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001MON20041.
Testo completoHourcade, Stéphane. "Approche de la synthèse de la sarai͏̈ne A fondée sur une hypothèse biogénétique". Paris 11, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA112183.
Testo completoManzamines alkaloids, isolated from marine sponges, present complex polycyclic structures and promising biological activities. A better comprehension of their biogenesis should allow an effective access to these structures or to analogues. More specifically, the biosynthesis of sarain A may be achieved through an intramolecular Mannich process and two pathways were then proposed to explain the synthesis of the putative precursor. The valuation of the first one relied on the study of the Knoevenagel reaction starting from malonaldehyde and its derivatives. Further addition of aminoacids onto the resulting adducts were also performed to yield useful pyrrolidinone intermediates as a result of 5-endo-trig Michael reactions. The second scenario involves an intramolecular Michael addition allowing the cyclisation of polyunsaturated aminoacroleins which leads to functionalized pyrrolines. This strategy appears to be promising and versatile and we are currently trying to set up the final Mannich reaction
Tomatis, Patrick. "Le “rhuthmème”, unité phonologique du rythme : hypothèse de l’implication de la fonction vestibulaire". Paris 10, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA100097.
Testo completoIn order to better understand the notion of rhythmicity in languages, we tried to determine the inherent qualities of rhythm itself. The phenomena of accentuation, whose real impetus maintains movement sequencing and duration, as well as the capacity of anticipation and impregnation of the habitus, are thus highlighted. We then emphasized the property of incorporating the rhythmic factor, a unique characteristic that distinguishes the concept of measurement, or metric, on which its organization rests, as a generating act. For many reasons, we postulate that vestibular function is the primary vector for the incorporation of this act. In the realm of language, the application of this hypothesis, rhythm acting as generator, tends toward legitimizing slight variations in the same speaker’s linguistic productions. We have coined the term "rhuthmem", or phonological unit of rhythm, to represent the class corresponding to the overall, well-formed rhythmic production for a given language. We verified the correctness of our hypotheses with experiments on tactile perception and/or hearing the speech, taking nine languages that cover various recognized rhythmic classes. The subjects, chosen for their musical ear and the diversity of their native languages, performed a task of tapping in sync with the rhythm ‘felt’. We also present some pilot experiments with the VEMP test that encourage us in our hypothesis regarding the involvement of vestibular function in perception-production rate
Dimitriadis, Georgios. "Psychogenèse et organogenèse en psychopathologie : une hypothèse d'affection ou participation psychosomatique du cerveau". Paris 7, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA070120.
Testo completoPsychosomatic disorders are classically related to the body outside the brain. Yet, as the Freudian concept of actual neuroses lets us imply, there is no reason why the circuits of the brain cannot be affected by a psychosomatic process. For Lacan the psychosomatic phenomena are related to the creation of a conditioned reaction of the organism through signifiers, which having frozen and therefore lost their signifying function are transformed into signs, which coming from the Other, obtain an imperative quality for the organism, thus disturbing its function. Peirce’s phaneroscopy helps us conceptualise this procedure as a semiotic reduction which proceeds from the thirdness of the signifier to the secondness of the signal (which can bring about conditioned reflexes or reactions ofa different kind) or even go further to thefirstness of complete automation. Yet, beyond the typical psychosomatic phenomena this process of semiotic reduction could also apply to mood disorders (depression, bipolar disorder, delirious mood, athymhormia, panic disorder and so on) and other clinical conditions likewise. According to Post this clinical phenomenon of the tendency towards automation f is a result ofthe kindiing neurophysiological mechanism which could explain passing from mood disorders of reactional type to more automatic mood states. Stahl claimed that kindling might well result in a excitotoxicity and neuronal apoptosis and tend to confuse neurological with psychiatric illnesses. Despite this, for us, through the process of semiotic reduction we can distinguish neurological diseases from psychosomatic brain procedures that are part of psychiatric disorders
Bazan, Ariane. "Des fantômes dans la voix : une hypothèse neuropsychanalytique sur la structure de l’inconscient". Thesis, Lyon 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO20024/document.
Testo completoThis study in the domain of « neuropsychoanalysis » proposes a theoretical speculation on the physiological structure of the psychoanalytic unconscious by cross-checking the experimental and clinical observations from both domains. Clinical listening indicates the insistence of recurring phonemes when it comes to conflictual topics, called “phonemic phantoms”. Indeed, as is the case in a phantom limb, the repressed signifier is invested by an intention while its articulation is blocked. However, due to the ambiguous structure of language, a same articulation movement can radically change signification. It is this mechanism that causes the return of the repressed in the signifier and allows for the survival of phonemic phantoms which are thought to weave the linguistic structure of the unconscious. The question of the signifier is presented as an instantiation of a more fundamental question, the emergence of the psychic realm in response to the constraint of the organism to distinguish interior from exterior. For this distinction, the existence of an accurate system of inhibition must be postulated since it has to be able to delineate precisely what in the way of apprehending the world was not anticipated by the organism. This precision is allowed by the sensorimotor model of efference copies, which presentifies the movement before its realisation and shows how inhibition is a condition for representation. For humans, the necessity of the interior-exterior distinction is imperious due to language which renders complex the identification of the locus from where speech is initiated (from where “id” speaks). This necessity leads to the movement of repression, which by inhibition induces phonemic phantoms in the form of negative representations of repressed speech. This work is preceded by an introduction which contextualises the theoretical reflexion in the sometimes controversial history and epistemology of neuropsychoanalysis and which claims a transcendental approach for its methodology
El, Kak Manar. "Le pronom on entre hypothèse psychomécanique et point de vue contrastif (français-arabe)". Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUL112.
Testo completoThis dissertation examines the polysemy of the pronoun on from a contrastive, French-Arabic perspective. The objective of the study is to resolve a problem of irregularity in most Arabic translations of on. This problem seems to be rooted in the variety of contradictory usage of on in French which reflects its polysemy. The polysemy of on was examined through Gustave Guillaume’s interpretative model of psychomechanics of language. Then, an enunciative approach was employed to complement the theoretical framework. As a result, the ontogenesis of on revealed how the pronoun became intra-verbal, despite its substantive etymology. Moreover, the study employed the Radical Binary Tensor that represents the potential meaning of on in tongue. This potential meaning is illustrated by a double movement: from an indefinite plurality to an indeterminate plurality, where the point of transition is moi-locuteur. Further, the obtained potential meaning facilitated the identification, and ordination, of 13 effective meanings for on by taking into consideration the notion of person and the category of number. Those criteria distinguish between the values of the 3rd person, person 4, and the discursive values on one hand, and the expressive effects on the other. The contrastive analysis of a bilingual corpus revealed a preference on the part of translators to deal with on based on its expressive effects. Finally, the study proposed a set of Arabic correspondents to each of on’s 13 effective meanings. Ultimately, the research concluded that an accurate translation of on can only be possible by considering the group on + verb as a unit of translation
Bernard, Thierry. ""Magna Mater" : la conception de la Terre comme être vivant et ses implications philosophiques". Paris 4, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA040102.
Testo completoSince 1979, a scientific conception of the Earth, known as the Gai͏̈a hypothesis, suggests that we picture the Earth as being a large organism which controls the terrestrial environment so that it will guarantee life optimal growth conditions. After having reviewed the various contemporary debates surrounding this theory, this thesis aims to highlight its philosophical dimension. The idea that Earth is a large living entity dates back to Antiquity and was particularly envisaged during the Renaissance. An expansion in the mining industry at that time led many authors to wonder about the underground organic processes which resulted in the forming of metals. Their writing allow us to understand that for them Earth was thought of as being a living entity whom they called Mother Earth or Magna Mater (the Great Mother). This idea has repercussions relating to our mode of existence and also to our relationship with Earth. It modifies our relationship with animal kingdom because the conceptual schema of a mother nature creates a brotherhood of all living being as can be found in Montaigne's essays. Moreover, the Earth considered as a living entity cannot be treated in the same manner as one would treat an inert object. This entails the abandoning of our exploitation relationship based on cooperation. An analysis of Giordano Bruno system highlights the ethical stakes involved in this upheaval
Moudio, Jean-Pierre. "Effet d'annonce et contrôle monétaire dans un cadre de marchés efficients : analyse du cas américain de 1976 à 1985". Paris 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA020055.
Testo completoThis survey sets out the problem of the efficiency of monetary control procedures within a framework of chronic money disturbances. Through a deep analysis of the us case for the period beginning in 1976 and ending in 1985, we come to the final result that the most suitable solution for the dual objective of low inflation and interest rates stabilization is a combination of a strict control of borrowed reserves and a contemporaneous accounting of all the reserves
Melançon, Yves. "L'aménagement des parcs des Champs-de-Bataille et Victoria à Québec, une hypothèse structurale". Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq26080.pdf.
Testo completoDutreuil, Sébastien. "Gaïa : hypothèse, programme de recherche pour le système terre, ou philosophie de la nature ?" Thesis, Paris 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA01H231.
Testo completoThe Gaia hypothesis (GH) proposed in the 1970's by Lovelock and Margulis is here analyzed from a history and philosophy of science perspective. The historical analysis of GH's elaboration and rich reception across various disciplines (climatology, biogeochemistry, geochemistry, evolutionary biology, ecology and complexity sciences) and within environmentalist movements leads me to argue that a major ambiguity plagues the relevant literatures: what is GH? I show that GH has been considered as a hypothesis, as a theory, as a research program, or as a philosophy of nature. Each of these interpretations is then analyzed. An epistemological and historical characterisation of GH shows that GH should not be interpreted as a hypothesis which ought to be confronted directly to empirical facts, but as a theory elaborated with models. I elucidate the methodological role and status of GH's models and theories before clarifying the concepts and expliciting the fundamental hypotheses underlying these models and theories. The recognition of Gaia as a system constituted of living organisms and the environment with which they internet led to the constitution of a new research program: the Earth system sciences. I offer a history and a characterisation of this research program, specify the philosophical shifts it brought about concepts such as life, the environment and nature and I analyze the relationships between Lovelock's conceptions of Gaia and the environmental prescriptions he pronounced in the name of Gaia
Mayoukou, Célestin. "Concurrence internationale et comportement de la firme bancaire multinationale : hypothèse d'un oligopole bancaire international". Rouen, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985ROUELMAY.
Testo completoCorriveau, Marie-Pier. "Sclérodermie : nouvelle hypothèse pathophysiologique grâce à l'utilisation d'un modèle de derme reconstruit par génie tissulaire". Thesis, Université Laval, 2009. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2009/26166/26166.pdf.
Testo completoPearson, Jessica. "Hypothèse de programmation foetale : implications pour la sécrétion de cortisol et le développement de l'enfant". Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/26282.
Testo completoThe purpose of the present doctoral thesis is to examine the association between prenatal environment and early human development and to investigate mechanisms by which fetal programming can occur. To clarify this association, we conducted two different studies. First, we did a meta-analysis to examine the relation between various prenatal variables and child cortisol secretion. Prenatal variables considered were maternal prenatal stress and maternal prenatal use of alcohol, tobacco and drugs. Nineteen studies were included in the analysis and results reveal and significant and moderate association between prenatal variables and child cortisol secretion (d = .36, p < .001). Moderator analyses reveal that greater effect sizes can be traced to maternal alcohol use, to the use of retrospective research methodology, where mothers are questioned after child birth regarding programming variables, and to the use of baseline measures of cortisol secretion, as opposed to recovery measures. Moderation effects suggest that different mechanisms could be involved when different prenatal variables are considered. Secondly, an empirical study was conducted in order to examine mechanisms that could explain the association between prenatal environment and early human development. The purpose of this empirical study is to test the possibility that early differences in cortisol secretion and maternal interactive sensitivity may mediate the link between maternal prenatal stress and infant cognitive development. The results reveal independent effects of maternal prenatal stress, infant cortisol secretion and maternal sensitivity to predict infant cognitive development. However, the results do not reveal mediation neither for infant cortisol secretion nor for maternal interactive sensitivity in the association between maternal prenatal stress and infant cognitive development. Together, these results provide support for a contribution of prenatal environment, postnatal environment and of infant’s physiological characteristics to predict infant cognitive development.
Giolfo, Manuela Elisa Bibiana. "Les systèmes hypothétiques en 'in de l'Arabe classique : étude syntaxique et sémantique : une hypothèse modale". Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX10047.
Testo completoBaigneaux-Stachowiak, Christine. "Etude d'événements et efficience des marchés financiers : une analyse intraquotidienne du marché boursier français". Paris 10, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004PA100113.
Testo completoOur purpose is to study the efficient capital market hypothesis, in the case of the French stock market. We analyse the weak form and the semi-strong form of this hypothesis on the French market using intraday data on the January 1999 to December 2000 period. We retain firms that belong to CAC40 and MIDCAC indexes. In order to test the presence of a dependence structure in stock returns, we apply three tests : Box-Pierce tests, the run test and the variance ratio test. Obtained results suggest that it is impossible to predict future returns from past returns, which is consistent with the weak form efficiency hypothesis. In order to quantify the response of the market to a public announcement, we apply the methodology of event studies. Our results are consistent with the semi-strong form efficiency hypothesis