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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Hydrology"

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Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 22 giugno 2024

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1

Meng, Xiao, Wu Qun Cheng e Xian Bing Wu. "Application of Progressive Teaching Model in Engineering Hydrology and Hydrologic Calculation". Advanced Materials Research 919-921 (aprile 2014): 2185–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.919-921.2185.

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Engineering hydrology and hydrologic calculation is a core professional course of agricultural hydrologic engineering, in order to realize the implementation of quality education in higher school teaching purposes, with the teaching practice of engineering hydrology and hydrologic calculation, puts forward the progressive teaching mode of engineering hydrology and hydrologic calculation, and applied in teaching activities. The conception of progressive teaching mode and practice was summarized from four aspects of progressive teaching objective, teaching content, gradual progressive teaching method, and progressive ability.

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Zhao, Ying, Jianguo Zhang, Jianhua Si, Jie Xue e Zhongju Meng. "Special Issue: Soil Hydrological Processes in Desert Regions: Soil Water Dynamics, Driving Factors, and Practices". Water 14, n. 17 (26 agosto 2022): 2635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w14172635.

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3

Wagener, T., C. Kelleher, M. Weiler, B. McGlynn, M. Gooseff, L. Marshall, T. Meixner et al. "It takes a community to raise a hydrologist: the Modular Curriculum for Hydrologic Advancement (MOCHA)". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences Discussions 9, n. 2 (22 febbraio 2012): 2321–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hessd-9-2321-2012.

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Abstract. Protection from hydrological extremes and the sustainable supply of hydrological services in the presence of climate change and increasing population pressure are the defining societal challenges for hydrology in the 21st century. A review of the existing literature shows that these challenges and their educational consequences for hydrology were foreseeable and were predicted by some. Surveys of the current educational basis, however, also clearly demonstrate that hydrology education is not yet prepared to deal with this challenge. We present our own vision of the necessary future evolution of hydrology education, which we implemented in the Modular Curriculum for Hydrologic Advancement (MOCHA). The MOCHA project is directly aimed at developing a community-driven basis for hydrology education. In this paper we combine literature review, surveys, discussion and assessment to provide a holistic baseline for future hydrology education.

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Wagener, T., C. Kelleher, M. Weiler, B. McGlynn, M. Gooseff, L. Marshall, T. Meixner et al. "It takes a community to raise a hydrologist: the Modular Curriculum for Hydrologic Advancement (MOCHA)". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16, n. 9 (21 settembre 2012): 3405–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-3405-2012.

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Abstract. Protection from hydrological extremes and the sustainable supply of hydrological services in the presence of changing climate and lifestyles as well as rocketing population pressure in many parts of the world are the defining societal challenges for hydrology in the 21st century. A review of the existing literature shows that these challenges and their educational consequences for hydrology were foreseeable and were even predicted by some. However, surveys of the current educational basis for hydrology also clearly demonstrate that hydrology education is not yet ready to prepare students to deal with these challenges. We present our own vision of the necessary evolution of hydrology education, which we implemented in the Modular Curriculum for Hydrologic Advancement (MOCHA). The MOCHA project is directly aimed at developing a community-driven basis for hydrology education. In this paper we combine literature review, community survey, discussion and assessment to provide a holistic baseline for the future of hydrology education. The ultimate objective of our educational initiative is to enable educators to train a new generation of "renaissance hydrologists," who can master the holistic nature of our field and of the problems we encounter.

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MORI, Kazuki. "Hydrologic science: Hydrology as a fundamental science". Journal of Japanese Association of Hydrological Sciences 47, n. 1 (2017): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4145/jahs.47.17.

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Liu, Dengfeng, Hui Liu e Xianmeng Meng. "Advanced Hydrologic Modeling in Watershed Scale". Water 15, n. 4 (9 febbraio 2023): 691. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w15040691.

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Day-Lewis, Frederick D., e Arpita P. Bathija. "Introduction to this special section: Hydrogeophysics". Leading Edge 41, n. 8 (agosto 2022): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1190/tle41080518.1.

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Hydrogeophysics is a crossdisciplinary field integrating hydrogeology with geophysics for more efficient, cost-effective, and minimally invasive characterization and monitoring. Hydrogeophysics aims to provide basic insight to guide understanding of hydrologic processes and applied insight to support the assessment and (or) management of water resources and ecosystem services across multiple scales, as reviewed by Binley et al. (2015) . As in geophysical investigations for mineral and fossil energy resources, geophysical applications to hydrologic problems seek to characterize subsurface structure and (or) monitor time-varying conditions (i.e., saturation or concentration); this information provides constraints or calibration data for both conceptual and simulation models of flow and transport. Recent interests and technological advances have expanded the use of geophysics dramatically in many areas of hydrology, including groundwater remediation monitoring (e.g., Kessouri et al., 2022 ), groundwater/surface-water exchange (e.g., McLachlan et al., 2017 ), cold regions hydrology (e.g., Briggs et al., 2017 ), coastal hydrology (e.g., Goebel et al., 2017 ), and many others.

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Dan-Jumbo, Nimi G., e Marc Metzger. "Relative Effect of Location Alternatives on Urban Hydrology. The Case of Greater Port-Harcourt Watershed, Niger Delta". Hydrology 6, n. 3 (17 settembre 2019): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/hydrology6030082.

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Globally, cities in developing countries are urbanising at alarming rates, and a major concern to hydrologists and planners are the options that affect the hydrologic functioning of watersheds. Environmental impact assessment (EIA) has been recognised as a key sustainable development tool for mitigating the adverse impacts of planned developments, however, research has shown that planned developments can affect people and the environment significantly due to urban flooding that arises from increased paved surfaces. Flooding is a major sustainable development issue, which often result from increased paved surfaces and decreased interception losses due to urbanisation and deforestation respectively. To date, several environmental assessment studies have advanced the concept of alternatives, yet, only a small number of hydrologic studies have discussed how the location of paved surface could influence catchment runoff. Specifically, research exploring the effects of location alternative in EIAs on urban hydrology is very rare. The Greater Port-Harcourt City (GPH) development established to meet the growth needs in Port-Harcourt city (in the Niger Delta) is a compelling example. The aim of this research is to examine the relative effect of EIA alternatives in three different locations on urban hydrology. The Hydrologic Engineering Centre’s hydrologic modelling system (HEC-HMS) hydrodynamic model was used to generate data for comparing runoff in three different basins. HEC-HMS software combine models that estimate: Loss, transformation, base flow and channel routing. Results reveal that developments with the same spatial extent had different effects on the hydrology of the basins and sub-basins in the area. Findings in this study suggest that basin size rather than location of the paved surface was the main factor influencing the hydrology of the watershed.

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Peters-Lidard, Christa D., Martyn Clark, Luis Samaniego, Niko E. C. Verhoest, Tim van Emmerik, Remko Uijlenhoet, Kevin Achieng, Trenton E. Franz e Ross Woods. "Scaling, similarity, and the fourth paradigm for hydrology". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 21, n. 7 (20 luglio 2017): 3701–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-21-3701-2017.

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Abstract. In this synthesis paper addressing hydrologic scaling and similarity, we posit that roadblocks in the search for universal laws of hydrology are hindered by our focus on computational simulation (the third paradigm) and assert that it is time for hydrology to embrace a fourth paradigm of data-intensive science. Advances in information-based hydrologic science, coupled with an explosion of hydrologic data and advances in parameter estimation and modeling, have laid the foundation for a data-driven framework for scrutinizing hydrological scaling and similarity hypotheses. We summarize important scaling and similarity concepts (hypotheses) that require testing; describe a mutual information framework for testing these hypotheses; describe boundary condition, state, flux, and parameter data requirements across scales to support testing these hypotheses; and discuss some challenges to overcome while pursuing the fourth hydrological paradigm. We call upon the hydrologic sciences community to develop a focused effort towards adopting the fourth paradigm and apply this to outstanding challenges in scaling and similarity.

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Johnson, K. A., e N. Sitar. "Hydrologic conditions leading to debris-flow initiation". Canadian Geotechnical Journal 27, n. 6 (1 dicembre 1990): 789–801. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/t90-092.

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Mitigation of the hazards posed by debris flows requires an understanding of the mechanisms leading to their initiation. The objectives of this study were to evaluate and document the hydrologic response of a potential debris-flow source area to major rainstorms and to evaluate whether traditional models of hillslope hydrology can account for the observed response. A field site in an area of previous debris-flow activity was instrumented and monitored for two winter seasons. Hydrologic responses for a wide variety of antecedent conditions were recorded, including two storm events that produced well-defined positive pore-pressure pulses at the site and initiated numerous debris flows in the immediate vicinity of the site. The observed hydrologic response was highly dependent on antecedent moisture conditions which can be characterized by soil matric suction measurements. The pressure-head pulses observed had a magnitude of approximately 50 cm of water, were transient, traveled downslope, and exhibited some spatial variability. Traditional models of hillslope hydrology do not fully account for the positive pore-pressure pulses observed high on the hillslope. Key words: debris flow, hillslope hydrology, pore pressure, antecedent moisture, tensiometer, piezometer, field investigation.

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Chu, Vena W. "Greenland ice sheet hydrology". Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 38, n. 1 (26 novembre 2013): 19–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0309133313507075.

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Understanding Greenland ice sheet (GrIS) hydrology is essential for evaluating response of ice dynamics to a warming climate and future contributions to global sea level rise. Recently observed increases in temperature and melt extent over the GrIS have prompted numerous remote sensing, modeling, and field studies gauging the response of the ice sheet and outlet glaciers to increasing meltwater input, providing a quickly growing body of literature describing seasonal and annual development of the GrIS hydrologic system. This system is characterized by supraglacial streams and lakes that drain through moulins, providing an influx of meltwater into englacial and subglacial environments that increases basal sliding speeds of outlet glaciers in the short term. However, englacial and subglacial drainage systems may adjust to efficiently drain increased meltwater without significant changes to ice dynamics over seasonal and annual scales. Both proglacial rivers originating from land-terminating glaciers and subglacial conduits under marine-terminating glaciers represent direct meltwater outputs in the form of fjord sediment plumes, visible in remotely sensed imagery. This review provides the current state of knowledge on GrIS surface water hydrology, following ice sheet surface meltwater production and transport via supra-, en-, sub-, and proglacial processes to final meltwater export to the ocean. With continued efforts targeting both process-level and systems analysis of the hydrologic system, the larger picture of how future changes in Greenland hydrology will affect ice sheet glacier dynamics and ultimately global sea level rise can be advanced.

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Si, Bing. "Hydrology". Soil Science Society of America Journal 70, n. 5 (settembre 2006): 1820. http://dx.doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2006.0011br.

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Rosbjerg, Dan, e Ian Littlewood. "From Nordic Hydrology to Hydrology Research". Hydrology Research 39, n. 1 (1 febbraio 2008): i—ii. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/nh.2008.0001.

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Hall, Caitlyn A., Sheila M. Saia, Andrea L. Popp, Nilay Dogulu, Stanislaus J. Schymanski, Niels Drost, Tim van Emmerik e Rolf Hut. "A hydrologist's guide to open science". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 26, n. 3 (9 febbraio 2022): 647–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-26-647-2022.

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Abstract. Open, accessible, reusable, and reproducible hydrologic research can have a significant positive impact on the scientific community and broader society. While more individuals and organizations within the hydrology community are embracing open science practices, technical (e.g., limited coding experience), resource (e.g., open access fees), and social (e.g., fear of weaknesses being exposed or ideas being scooped) challenges remain. Furthermore, there are a growing number of constantly evolving open science tools, resources, and initiatives that can be overwhelming. These challenges and the ever-evolving nature of the open science landscape may seem insurmountable for hydrologists interested in pursuing open science. Therefore, we propose the general “Open Hydrology Principles” to guide individual and community progress toward open science for research and education and the “Open Hydrology Practical Guide” to improve the accessibility of currently available tools and approaches. We aim to inform and empower hydrologists as they transition to open, accessible, reusable, and reproducible research. We discuss the benefits as well as common open science challenges and how hydrologists can overcome them. The Open Hydrology Principles and Open Hydrology Practical Guide reflect our knowledge of the current state of open hydrology; we recognize that recommendations and suggestions will evolve and expand with emerging open science infrastructures, workflows, and research experiences. Therefore, we encourage hydrologists all over the globe to join in and help advance open science by contributing to the living version of this document and by sharing open hydrology resources in the community-supported repository (https://open-hydrology.github.io, last access: 1 February 2022).

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Shen, Chaopeng, Eric Laloy, Amin Elshorbagy, Adrian Albert, Jerad Bales, Fi-John Chang, Sangram Ganguly et al. "HESS Opinions: Incubating deep-learning-powered hydrologic science advances as a community". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22, n. 11 (1 novembre 2018): 5639–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-5639-2018.

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Abstract. Recently, deep learning (DL) has emerged as a revolutionary and versatile tool transforming industry applications and generating new and improved capabilities for scientific discovery and model building. The adoption of DL in hydrology has so far been gradual, but the field is now ripe for breakthroughs. This paper suggests that DL-based methods can open up a complementary avenue toward knowledge discovery in hydrologic sciences. In the new avenue, machine-learning algorithms present competing hypotheses that are consistent with data. Interrogative methods are then invoked to interpret DL models for scientists to further evaluate. However, hydrology presents many challenges for DL methods, such as data limitations, heterogeneity and co-evolution, and the general inexperience of the hydrologic field with DL. The roadmap toward DL-powered scientific advances will require the coordinated effort from a large community involving scientists and citizens. Integrating process-based models with DL models will help alleviate data limitations. The sharing of data and baseline models will improve the efficiency of the community as a whole. Open competitions could serve as the organizing events to greatly propel growth and nurture data science education in hydrology, which demands a grassroots collaboration. The area of hydrologic DL presents numerous research opportunities that could, in turn, stimulate advances in machine learning as well.

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Cao, Xuejian, Youcun Qi e Guangheng Ni. "Significant Impacts of Rainfall Redistribution through the Roof of Buildings on Urban Hydrology". Journal of Hydrometeorology 22, n. 4 (aprile 2021): 1007–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jhm-d-20-0220.1.

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AbstractMicrotopography on a building roof will direct rainfall from roofs to the ground through downspouts and transform the rainfall spatial distribution from plane to points. However, the issues on whether and how the building-induced rainfall redistribution (BIRR) influences hydrologic responses are still not well understood despite the numerous downspouts in the urban area. Hence, this study brings the roof layer into a grid-based urban hydrologic model (gUHM) to quantitatively evaluate the impacts of BIRR, aiming to enhance the understanding of building effects in urban hydrology and subsequently to identify the necessity of incorporating BIRR into flood forecasting. Nine land development strategies and 27 rainfall conditions are considered herein to characterize the changing circumstance. Results indicate that the impacts of BIRR depend on multiple circumstance factors and are nonnegligible in urban hydrology. The BIRR causes not only bidirectional impacts on the hydrologic characteristic values (e.g., peak flow and runoff volume) but also an obvious alteration of the hydrograph. Overall, the BIRR tends to increase the peak flow, and more importantly, the impact will be aggravated by the increase of rainfall intensity with the maximum relative error of peak flow approaching 10%. This study contributes to a better understanding of building effects on urban hydrology and a step forward to reduce the uncertainty in urban flood warnings.

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Carter, Virginia. "An overview of the hydrologic concerns related to wetlands in the United States". Canadian Journal of Botany 64, n. 2 (1 febbraio 1986): 364–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/b86-053.

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There is a tremendous diversity in wetland types and wetland vegetation in the United States, caused primarily by regional, geologic, topographic, and climatic differences. Wetland hydrology, a primary driving force influencing wetland ecology, development, and persistence, is as yet poorly understood. The interaction between groundwater and surface water and the discharge–recharge relationships in wetlands affect water quality and nutrient budgets as well as vegetative composition. Hydrologic considerations necessary for an improved understanding of wetland ecology include detailed water budgets, water chemistry, water regime, and boundary conditions. Wetland values are often based on perceived wetland functions. These hydrologic functions include (i) flood storage and flood-peak desynchronization, (ii) recharge and discharge, (iii) base flow and estuarine water balance, and (iv) water-quality regulation. Expanded research and basic data collection focussed on wetland hydrology and its relation to wetland ecology are needed to identify and quantify the hydrologic functions of wetlands.

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Singh, Kuldeep. "Stream Order Delineation using SRTM 30 meter Resolution Digital Elevation Model (DEM) and Hydrology Tools in ArcGIS 10.3 and QGIS: Mapping of Drainage Pattern of Mandi District, Himachal Pradesh, India". Asian Review of Civil Engineering 10, n. 2 (5 novembre 2021): 9–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/tarce-2021.10.2.3118.

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The paper describes step by step watershed and stream network delineation based on digital elevation models using the Hydrology tools in ArcGIS and online services for Hydrology and Hydrologic data. The 30-meter resolution SRTM image of Himachal Pradesh was downloaded from open topology website. This was further processed in QGIS and ArcGIS 10.3 software. The different hydrological processes and data management tools were used like, fill, Flow direction; flow accumulation, map algebra, stream orders, stream feature and stream dissolve in order to get the final map of Mandi drainage pattern.

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Bogaard, Thom A., e Roberto Greco. "Landslide hydrology: from hydrology to pore pressure". WIREs Water 3, n. 3 (2 dicembre 2015): 439–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/wat2.1126.

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Habib, E., Y. Ma, D. Williams, H. O. Sharif e F. Hossain. "HydroViz: design and evaluation of a Web-based tool for improving hydrology education". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 16, n. 10 (24 ottobre 2012): 3767–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-16-3767-2012.

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Abstract. HydroViz is a Web-based, student-centered, educational tool designed to support active learning in the field of Engineering Hydrology. The design of HydroViz is guided by a learning model that is based on learning with data and simulations, using real-world natural hydrologic systems to convey theoretical concepts, and using Web-based technologies for dissemination of the hydrologic education developments. This model, while being used in a hydrologic education context, can be adapted in other engineering educational settings. HydroViz leverages the free Google Earth resources to enable presentation of geospatial data layers and embed them in web pages that have the same look and feel of Google Earth. These design features significantly facilitate the dissemination and adoption of HydroViz by any interested educational institutions regardless of their access to data or computer models. To facilitate classroom usage, HydroViz is populated with a set of course modules that can be used incrementally within different stages of an engineering hydrology curriculum. A pilot evaluation study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the HydroViz tool in delivering its educational content, to examine the buy-in of the program by faculty and students, and to identify specific project components that need to be further pursued and improved. A total of 182 students from seven freshmen and senior-level undergraduate classes in three universities participated in the study. HydroViz was effective in facilitating students' learning and understanding of hydrologic concepts and increasing related skills. Students had positive perceptions of various features of HydroViz and they believe that HydroViz fits well in the curriculum. In general, HydroViz tend to be more effective with students in senior-level classes than students in freshmen classes. Lessons gained from this pilot study provide guidance for future adaptation and expansion studies to scale-up the application and utility of HydroViz and other similar systems into various hydrology and water-resource engineering curriculum settings. The paper presents a set of design principles that contribute to the development of other active hydrology educational systems.

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Dai, Chang Lei, Cheng Gang Yu, Lan Lin, Di Fang Xiao e Hui Yu Li. "Analysis of Characteristics of Hydrology and Water Resources of the Heilong (Amur) River Basin". Advanced Materials Research 550-553 (luglio 2012): 2525–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.550-553.2525.

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As the most remote river in the North of China, Heilong (Amur) River have an abundant precipitation in the basin and a rich runoff. Due to the special transnational spanned geographic location, Heilong (Amur) basin 's borders, water rights, regional water resources development are a big concern. Due to lack of multinational management and information, analysis of characteristic of Heilong (Amur) watershed's hydrology and water resources are not enough. In order to serve the water resources development and water security, and to better understand the state of hydrology and water resources in Heilong River, this article make a reference to the Heilong River Hydrographic and the research of hydrologic data about Heilong River, detailed analyzed the characteristics of hydrology and water resources. For reference to scientists of geography, water conservancy and hydropower who are interested in Heilong River's hydrographic.

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Loucks, Daniel P. "Debates-Perspectives on socio-hydrology: Simulating hydrologic-human interactions". Water Resources Research 51, n. 6 (giugno 2015): 4789–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/2015wr017002.

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Williams, Chenille, e Dan Tufford. "Groundwater Recharge Rates in Isolated and Riverine Wetlands: Influencing Factors". Journal of South Carolina Water Resources, n. 2 (1 giugno 2015): 86–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.34068/jscwr.02.10.

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Isolated wetlands and riverine wetlands have been shown to have similar groundwater hydrology despite their difference in topography and surface water hydrology. The current study aimed to address the impact of topography and surface water hydrology on groundwater hydrologic behavior by comparing the groundwater recharge rates of several isolated and riverine wetlands in the Coastal Plain of South Carolina. Study sites contained an isolated wetland, a riverine wetland, and an upland that bisected the two wetland types. Shallow water tables and sandy soils, allowed a rapid response to precipitation to be clearly visible. Soil characteristics, water table fluctuations, and precipitation data from January 2012-September 2012 were evaluated and from that data mean recharge rates were calculated using an adapted version of the water table fluctuation method. During the study period, it was observed that the frequency of precipitation (storm events) and saturated zone soil type were more impactful on water table movement than topography, surface soil type, and surface water hydrology. One significant finding of this research is that the isolated wetlands in this study did, in fact, recharge groundwater, which implies that their presence increases the opportunity for groundwater replenishment.

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Schultz, Richard C., e Kye-Han Lee. "Book Reviews: Forest Hydrology: An Introduction to Water and Forests". Forest Science 49, n. 2 (1 aprile 2003): 336–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/forestscience/49.2.336.

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Abstract In recent years, water resource issues concerning quality, quantity, and timing have been dominating natural resource management discussions around the world. Forest hydrology has historically been an important topic in forest management leading to some of the earliest forest research conducted in the United States. While there are a few textbooks on forest hydrology, there has always been a dilemma in what to include in such books. The hydrologic cycle may be briefly covered in ecology courses. However, without a significant introduction to water resources, most forestry and nonforestry students who enroll in a forest hydrology course do not have sufficient background in water resources to really understand the effect forests have on water quality, quantity and timing. A textbook for most forest hydrology courses should not only cover topics on forest impacts on water but also provide the basics of water properties, movement, and storage in the atmosphere, soil matrix, and surface water bodies. Putting both major topic areas in one manageable textbook requires trade-offs that do not dilute either subject area too much, but rather skillfully blend the two together. Mingteh Chang has done just that in writing this book.

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Bauser, Hannes H., Daniel Berg, Ole Klein e Kurt Roth. "Inflation method for ensemble Kalman filter in soil hydrology". Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 22, n. 9 (21 settembre 2018): 4921–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-22-4921-2018.

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Abstract. The ensemble Kalman filter (EnKF) is a popular data assimilation method in soil hydrology. In this context, it is used to estimate states and parameters simultaneously. Due to unrepresented model errors and a limited ensemble size, state and parameter uncertainties can become too small during assimilation. Inflation methods are capable of increasing state uncertainties, but typically struggle with soil hydrologic applications. We propose a multiplicative inflation method specifically designed for the needs in soil hydrology. It employs a Kalman filter within the EnKF to estimate inflation factors based on the difference between measurements and mean forecast state within the EnKF. We demonstrate its capabilities on a small soil hydrologic test case. The method is capable of adjusting inflation factors to spatiotemporally varying model errors. It successfully transfers the inflation to parameters in the augmented state, which leads to an improved estimation.

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Javadinejad, Safieh, Rebwar Dara e Neda Dolatabadi. "Runoff coefficient estimation for various catchment surfaces". Resources Environment and Information Engineering 3, n. 1 (2022): 145–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.25082/reie.2021.01.005.

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The definition of runoff coefficient is the portion of rainfall that turn into direct runoff throughout an occurrence, and it is a significant perception in engineering hydrology and is extensively applied for design and as a diagnostic variable to show runoff creation in catchments. Event runoff coefficients may also be applied in event‐based developed flood frequency models that measure flood frequencies from rainfall frequencies and are valuable for recognizing the flood frequency controls in a specific hydrologic or climatic regime. Only a few previous studies worked on hydrological systems and processes deeply at catchment scale. Also in many catchments because of lacking data sets, analysis of land use change and water management and risks causes uncertainty in predictions of hydrological processes can be decreased. This problem is more important for predicting hydrology of ungauged basins in developing countries. The purpose of this study is to review predicting hydrology of ungauged basins.

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Tarboton, D. G. "Physical hydrology". Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 76, n. 32 (1995): 316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/95eo00194.

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Schulmeister, Marcia K. "Subsurface Hydrology". Ground Water 46, n. 4 (luglio 2008): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2008.00447.x.

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Agouridis, Carmen. "Environmental Hydrology". Groundwater 54, n. 5 (17 agosto 2016): 626. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/gwat.12446.

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Anonymous. "Groundwater hydrology". Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 70, n. 8 (1989): 114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/eo070i008p00114-04.

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31

Gifford, G. F. "Watershed hydrology". Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union 73, n. 16 (1992): 179. http://dx.doi.org/10.1029/91eo00146.

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32

Feddes, Reinder A. "Soil Hydrology." Soil Science 161, n. 2 (febbraio 1996): 136–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199602000-00009.

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33

Lawrence, Gregory B. "Watershed Hydrology". Soil Science 161, n. 10 (ottobre 1996): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00010694-199610000-00009.

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34

Ritchie, J. C. W. "Urban hydrology". Canadian Journal of Civil Engineering 12, n. 2 (1 giugno 1985): 424–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/l85-050.

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35

Innsbruck, H. Rott. "Hydrology/Snow". Photogrammetria 42, n. 4 (marzo 1988): 178–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-8663(88)90051-8.

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36

Slack, J. R., e K. E. Bencala. "Stochastic hydrology". Journal of Hydrology 103, n. 3-4 (novembre 1988): 396. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(88)90150-3.

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37

Haugh, Larry D., Ian B. MacNeill e Gary J. Umphrey. "Stochastic Hydrology." Statistician 38, n. 1 (1989): 83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2349030.

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38

Kulik, V. "Bushfire hydrology". International Journal of Water Resources Development 6, n. 1 (marzo 1990): 44–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07900629008722449.

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39

Walling, D. E. "Physical hydrology". Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 9, n. 1 (marzo 1985): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913338500900108.

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40

Walling, D. E. "Physical hydrology". Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 10, n. 1 (marzo 1986): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913338601000104.

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41

Walling, D. E. "Physical hydrology". Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 11, n. 1 (marzo 1987): 112–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913338701100106.

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42

Walling, D. E. "Physical hydrology". Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 11, n. 4 (dicembre 1987): 590–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913338701100407.

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43

Anderson, M. G. "Physical hydrology". Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 13, n. 1 (marzo 1989): 93–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913338901300106.

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44

Wilby, R. L. "Greenhouse hydrology". Progress in Physical Geography: Earth and Environment 19, n. 3 (settembre 1995): 351–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/030913339501900304.

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Abstract (sommario):

Hydrological processes are an integral component of both global climate change arising from increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases and the assessment of subsequent terrestrial impacts. This article examines the potential sensivity of water resources in the UK to climatic change as exemplified by the 1988-92 drought. The representation of hydrological processes at three distinct model scales is then discussed with reference to global hydrology, regional downscaling and catchment-scale responses. A final section speculates on future directions of research for an emerging greenhouse hydrology.

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45

House, Andrew. "Physical Hydrology". Hydrological Sciences Journal 60, n. 9 (13 luglio 2015): 1649–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02626667.2015.1059141.

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46

Court, Arnold. "Heterodox Hydrology". Geographical Analysis 4, n. 2 (3 settembre 2010): 194–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1538-4632.1972.tb00469.x.

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47

McCulloch, J. S. G. "Tracer hydrology". Journal of Hydrology 144, n. 1-4 (aprile 1993): 429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(93)90183-a.

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48

GOODRICH, DAVID C., e DAVID A. WOOLHISER. "Catchment Hydrology". Reviews of Geophysics 29, S1 (gennaio 1991): 202–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rog.1991.29.s1.202.

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49

Terink, W., A. F. Lutz, G. W. H. Simons, W. W. Immerzeel e P. Droogers. "SPHY v2.0: Spatial Processes in HYdrology". Geoscientific Model Development 8, n. 7 (8 luglio 2015): 2009–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/gmd-8-2009-2015.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract. This paper introduces and presents the Spatial Processes in HYdrology (SPHY) model (v2.0), its development background, its underlying concepts, and some example applications. SPHY has been developed with the explicit aim of simulating terrestrial hydrology on flexible scales, under various physiographical and hydroclimatic conditions, by integrating key components from existing and well-tested models. SPHY is a spatially distributed leaky bucket type of model, and is applied on a cell-by-cell basis. The model is written in the Python programming language using the PCRaster dynamic modeling framework. SPHY (i) integrates most hydrologic processes, (ii) has the flexibility to be applied in a wide range of hydrologic applications, and (iii) on various scales, and (iv) can easily be implemented. The most relevant hydrological processes that are integrated into the SPHY model are rainfall–runoff processes, cryosphere processes, evapotranspiration processes, the dynamic evolution of vegetation cover, lake/reservoir outflow, and the simulation of root-zone moisture contents. Studies in which the SPHY model was successfully applied and tested are described in this paper, including (i) real-time soil moisture predictions to support irrigation management in lowland areas, (ii) climate change impact studies in snow- and glacier-fed river basins, and (iii) operational flow forecasting in mountainous catchments.

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50

Mann, Carroll J., e Robert G. Wetzel. "Hydrology of an impounded lotic wetland—subsurface hydrology". Wetlands 20, n. 1 (marzo 2000): 33–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1672/0277-5212(2000)020[0033:hoailw]2.0.co;2.

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