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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Humus Arid regions Computer simulation"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 5 febbraio 2022

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Humus Arid regions Computer simulation"

Yaseen, Zaher Mundher, Anas Mahmood Al-Juboori, Ufuk Beyaztas, Nadhir Al-Ansari, Kwok-Wing Chau, Chongchong Qi, Mumtaz Ali, Sinan Q. Salih e Shamsuddin Shahid. "Prediction of evaporation in arid and semi-arid regions: a comparative study using different machine learning models". Engineering Applications of Computational Fluid Mechanics 14, n. 1 (15 novembre 2019): 70–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19942060.2019.1680576.

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Shiri, Naser, Jalal Shiri, Zaher Mundher Yaseen, Sungwon Kim, Il-Moon Chung, Vahid Nourani e Mohammad Zounemat-Kermani. "Development of artificial intelligence models for well groundwater quality simulation: Different modeling scenarios". PLOS ONE 16, n. 5 (27 maggio 2021): e0251510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251510.

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Abstract (sommario):

Groundwater is one of the most important freshwater resources, especially in arid and semi-arid regions where the annual amounts of precipitation are small with frequent drought durations. Information on qualitative parameters of these valuable resources is very crucial as it might affect its applicability from agricultural, drinking, and industrial aspects. Although geo-statistics methods can provide insight about spatial distribution of quality factors, applications of advanced artificial intelligence (AI) models can contribute to produce more accurate results as robust alternative for such a complex geo-science problem. The present research investigates the capacity of several types of AI models for modeling four key water quality variables namely electrical conductivity (EC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), total dissolved solid (TDS) and Sulfate (SO4) using dataset obtained from 90 wells in Tabriz Plain, Iran; assessed by k-fold testing. Two different modeling scenarios were established to make simulations using other quality parameters and the geographical information. The obtained results confirmed the capabilities of the AI models for modeling the well groundwater quality variables. Among all the applied AI models, the developed hybrid support vector machine-firefly algorithm (SVM-FFA) model achieved the best predictability performance for both investigated scenarios. The introduced computer aid methodology provided a reliable technology for groundwater monitoring and assessment.

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Wang, Xin, Yanling Zhao, Huifang Liu, Wu Xiao e Shuzhao Chen. "Evaluating the Water Holding Capacity of Multilayer Soil Profiles Using Hydrus-1D and Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis". Water 12, n. 3 (11 marzo 2020): 773. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12030773.

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In semi-arid climate regions of China, vegetation restoration on open pit mining lands is limited by soil moisture. However, multi-layered soil profiles can impede water infiltration into deeper underground, leaving more water stored in the root zone. Here, three types of soils with contrasting texture, sandy loam (SL), sand (S), and silt loam (SiL), were used to construct four multilayer profiles: SL-SiL, SL-S, SL-S-SiL, and SL-SiL-S. Silt loam was taken from the humus layer, which is more conducive to plant growth than other layers, and it was allocated to the first layer in the four profiles, while sand and silt loam underlay the silt loam layer. Column experiments and Hydrus-1D simulation of the vertical infiltration and drainage process were performed: (1) The simulated results showed that when the sand layer underlay the sandy loam layer (SL-SiL and SL-S-SiL), the sandy loam layer could hold more water than the silt loam layer underlaying the sandy loam layer (SL-SiL and SL-SiL-S). The water content of the sandy loam layer in SL-SiL (95 cm) and SL-S-SiL (95 cm) was 28.3% higher than SL-SiL (74 cm) and 10.5% higher than SL-SiL-S (86 cm). (2) Both the measured and simulated cumulative infiltration and wetting front penetration time were positively related to the thickness of the silt loam layer and negatively related to the thickness of the sand layer. (3) The simulated infiltration rate, accumulation infiltration, and wetting front of the first layer were unaffected by the texture of the underlying layer. According to multi-criteria decision analysis, SL-S-SiL had the best water holding capacity and was suggested for land reclamation in the open pit mine in our research.

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Alyahya, Ahmed A., e Nawari O. Nawari. "Towards Net-Zero Energy in Hot-Dry Regions: Building Envelope Design Strategies for Single-Family Homes". Journal of Sustainable Development 11, n. 3 (30 maggio 2018): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v11n3p45.

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Global climate change is serving as warning signs it gradually begins to capture the attention of people at large. Many actions have been and continue to be taken by governments and organizations to preserve the planet, which is impactful and needed. But conservation efforts are not exclusive to governments and large institutions- individuals can contribute in multiple ways that will have ripple effects, one being the choice to build sustainable, net-zero energy homes. Building a house that is a net-zero energy requires many strategies.One of the most compelling factors in reducing the home energy consumption, to then achieve a net-zero energy home especially in hot-dry regions, is the optimization of the building envelope performance. This paper discussed several building envelope design strategies that are suitable for homes in hot-dry regions and tested them.The Methods including analyzing case study from Qater by using computer and were analyzed using Building Information Modeling (BIM) tools for energy simulation programs. All those strategies were applied to a design proposal for a house in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, which is a hot-dry region. Further, the same simulation analyses were projected onto an identical house to the design proposal, but with a traditional, low-efficient building envelope.The results showed that the house with the high-efficient building envelope had 48% less energy consumption than the one that has the low-efficiency envelope.This research demonstrated the efficacy of the building envelope to reduce the energy consumption of single-family homes in hot-dry regions. The study outlines vital strategies for a high-efficient building envelope design in hot-dry areas that reaching net-zero energy homes and thus help to offset the negative impact of climate changes in arid areas.

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Molto, J. Eldon, Joe D. Stewart e Paula J. Reimer. "Problems in Radiocarbon Dating Human Remains from Arid Coastal Areas: An Example from the Cape Region of Baja California". American Antiquity 62, n. 3 (luglio 1997): 489–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/282167.

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Three AMS radiocarbon dates on bone collagen from Las Palmas culture human skeletons from the cape region of Baja California are analyzed. Carbon derived from both terrestrial and marine sources necessitates correcting the radiocarbon ages for reservoir effects. Complicating this, however, are (a) the uncertain percentage of carbon of marine origin in the samples and (b) the convergence of the Pacific Ocean and the Gulf of California, which differ markedly in reservoir values. Computer program CALIB 3.0.3c is used to correct and calibrate the conventional radiocarbon dates in a simulation using varied values for marine carbon and reservoir effects for each sample. This produces substantial variance in the results and, therefore, difficulties for chronological interpretation. For example, reasonable input values for dR and percent marine carbon yield dates that overlap the first European contact (A.D. 1533), despite the absence of historic documentation of the Las Palmas mortuary complex. Further research on reservoir effects and paleodiet is needed in order to interpret radiocarbon determinations on cape region human remains. Moreover, our findings have serious implications for the proper application of radiocarbon dating to samples from other regions subject to reservoir effects.

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Roitberg, Elena, Maxim Shoshany e Yehuda Agnon. "The response of shrubland patterns' properties to rainfall changes and to the catastrophic removal of plants in semi-arid regions predicted by Reaction–Diffusion simulations". Ecological Informatics 32 (marzo 2016): 156–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2016.02.001.

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Nguyen, Uyen, Edward P. Glenn, Thanh Duc Dang e Lien T. H. Pham. "Mapping vegetation types in semi-arid riparian regions using random forest and object-based image approach: A case study of the Colorado River Ecosystem, Grand Canyon, Arizona". Ecological Informatics 50 (marzo 2019): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoinf.2018.12.006.

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Bilenko, Nataliia, e Oleksandr Titlov. "Improving energy efficiency of the systems for obtaining water from atmospheric air". Eastern-European Journal of Enterprise Technologies 2, n. 8 (110) (30 aprile 2021): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/1729-4061.2021.229545.

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This paper outlines the prospect of obtaining water from atmospheric air by cooling it to the dew point temperature using refrigeration machines in order to partially reduce water scarcity in the arid regions of our planet. To minimize energy costs in the systems for obtaining water from atmospheric air, it is proposed to utilize solar energy with absorption refrigeration units (ARUs) acting as a source of artificial cold. The characteristic thermodynamic processes have been analyzed in a modernized ARU, capable of working at a lower thermal energy source's temperature than its analogs. The possibility has been studied to reduce the temperature of the heat source by including a solution vaporizer in the ARU scheme. The analysis involved an authentic method based on the balance of specific streams of ARU working body components and actual boundary conditions at characteristic points of the cycle. A limit was shown for the level of a minimum boiling temperature in the ARU generator (from 90 °C) when the systems for obtaining water from atmospheric air are operated under current climatic conditions. The simulation of heat-and-mass exchange processes during contact interaction between a steam-gas mixture and ammonia water solution was carried out. Based on variant calculations, it has been shown that the proposed ARU structure with an adiabatic solution vaporizer could work as part of systems to obtain water from atmospheric air at a hot spring temperature above 100 °C and constructively enough fits into the element base of standard models. It has been proposed to use two types of solar thermal energy sources to operate ARU. In a tropical climate, with vacuum solar collectors or solar energy hubs; in a temperate climate zone, with solar collectors with water as a heat carrier

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Nozari, Hamed, e Saeed Azadi. "System dynamics simulation of crop yield under different irrigation water quality and quantity". Water Practice and Technology, 25 novembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wpt.2020.109.

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Abstract Agricultural products are one of the major sources of food for people in many countries. So, increasing crop yield is a major challenge for governments as increasing the population. On the other hand, agricultural improvement needs to take into consideration the type of land and water available. The decrease of water availability and soil salinity are two major limiting factors in sustainable agriculture in the arid and semiarid regions. In this study, the combined effect of salinity and water stress on crop yield was simulated by developing a computer model based on a system dynamics approach. Model calibration and validation were performed using data collected from the Abshar Irrigation Network located on the hydrological Zayandehrud River. For each individual run of the model, two statistics were calculated: Root Mean Square Error and Standard Error. The averages of these indices were estimated as 2,777 kg·ha−1 and 0.07 for sugar beet yield, 0.026 and 0.09 for soil moisture and finally 0.54 dS·m−1 and 0.08 for salinity of the root zone, respectively. The result showed a good agreement between the simulation model and the actual data. Therefore, the model can be calibrated and used to estimate the crop yield with reasonable accuracy.

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Tesi sul tema "Humus Arid regions Computer simulation"

Georgis, Kidane. "The effect of fertiliser management practices on soil organic matter production in the semi-arid areas : a field and modelling approach". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1997. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09AFP/09afpg352.pdf.

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Bibliography: leaves 155-169. Studies the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on dry matter production under differing watering regimes. Investigates the accuracy of different crop and soil organic matter models for predicting crop yield, nitrogen uptake and changes in soil organic carbon and nitrogen. Compares the models with data from long-term field experiments on wheat in Australia and sorghum in Ethiopia. Finds that a higher crop yield and better nitrogen and water utilisation can be achieved if addition of nitrogen fertilizer is balanced with soil water.

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Libri sul tema "Humus Arid regions Computer simulation"

Ungar, E. D. Management of agropastoral systems in a semiarid region. Wageningen: Pudoc, 1990.

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1954-, Uhlir P. F., Carter G. C e CODATA Commission on Global Change Data., a cura di. Crop modeling and related environmental data: A focus on applications for arid and semiarid regions in developing countries. Paris, France: CODATA, 1994.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Humus Arid regions Computer simulation"

Abrahams, Athol D., e Melissa Neave. "Biogeochemical Fluxes across Piedmont Slopes of the Jornada Basin". In Structure and Function of a Chihuahuan Desert Ecosystem. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195117769.003.0011.

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This chapter is an overview of recent studies of the movement of water, sediment, and nutrients across a principle piedmont slope, or bajada, of the Jornada Basin. Bajadas are extensive, gently sloping surfaces formed by the coalescence of alluvial fans and are a major landscape component of the basin and range province. Over the past four decades a considerable body of research has elucidated the form and function of alluvial fans (Bull 1977; Blair and McPherson 1994; Harvey 1997), but less attention has been paid to bajadas. In particular, the bajadas most neglected are those where channels converge and diverge at irregular intervals downslope. This type of bajada is found at the base of Summerford Mountain, the northernmost peak of the Doña Ana Mountains on the western edge of the Jornada Basin. For convenience, this bajada is hereafter referred to as the Summerford bajada. The research has involved rainfall simulation experiments on small plots, monitoring of two small watersheds on this bajada, and computer modeling of the processes operating in these watersheds and over the bajada as a whole. A detailed understanding of the hydrology and hydraulics of overland flow on this bajada requires a numerical model of the rainfall-runoff process. The objective of this chapter is to detail the model and draw conclusions from model simulations about hydrologic transports of sediment and nutrients across this bajada. Because these piedmonts are important surfaces in this desert (chapter 2) an understanding of their hydrologic and biogeochemical dynamics is crucial to understanding landscape dynamics in the basin and throughout arid regions. Summerford Mountain is a steep-sided, rocky inselberg (i.e., isolated mountain) that rises 380 m above the surrounding bajada to an elevation of 1,780 m. The mountain is composed of monzonite porphyry of Oligocene age (Seager et al. 1976) and has a fringing bajada on its northern and eastern sides. This study focuses on the bajada to the east, which extends 2.5 km to the basin floor at an average gradient of 4%.

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