Tesi sul tema "Humanities -> music -> music history"

This study presents a detailed history of the clarinet from its ancient origins to 1820. It is divided into three parts: 1) origins, 2) the baroque clarinet, and 3) the classical clarinet. In the first part the ancestor of the modern instrument is traces to the memet of Ancient Egypt (2700 B.C.), and evidence is reviewed for the existence of a wind instrument having a single reed during the sixteenth century. Three chapters are then devoted to the Mock Trumpet and the seventeenth- and eighteenth-century chalumeau. The baroque clarinet is discussed in the second part. This part consists of four chapters concerning design and construction, playing techniques, music, and use by amateurs and professionals. The last part is devoted to the classical clarinet. It consists of three chapters concerning design and construction, playing techniques, and music.

This public history thesis project experimented with the application of new technology in creating an educational resource aimed at twenty-first century public audiences. The project presents the history, musicology, and historiography of Afro-American slave music in the United States. In doing so, the project utilizes two digital media tools: VuVox, to create interactive collages; and VisualEyes, to create digital visualizations. The purpose of this thesis is to assess how the project balances the goals of digital history, public history, and academic history. During the production of the Afro-American Slave Music Project, a number of the promises of digital history were highlighted, along with several of the potential challenges of digital history. In designing the project, compensations had to be made in order to minimize the challenges while maximizing the benefits. In effect, this thesis argues for the utility of digital history in a public setting as an alternative to traditional, prose-based academic history.
M.A.
Masters
History
Arts and Humanities
History; Public History

Thesis (S.B.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Humanities, Arts, and Social Sciences [SHASS], History Section, June 2010.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 66-69).
This thesis examines the implementation of official propaganda issued by the National Socialist regime during the years following Adolf Hitler's rise to power in 1933 up through 1945. By analyzing two very different mediums of propaganda used by the National Socialist party, film and advertising in a middle-class German periodical, I compare subtle and overt propaganda methods, as well as the differing approaches the Reich Ministry for Propaganda took when targeting varying audiences. My first chapter is an in depth analysis of the German Film industry under the Third Reich. I looked at three Nazi propaganda films: Triumph des Willens (1934), a film created in order to establish Hitler's role as the leader of the Third Reich, der ewige Jude (1940), a crude, documentary style, anti-Semitic film, and Jud Siij3 (1940), a feature length entertainment film. A comparison of the content of these films and their respective box office results point out the strengths and weaknesses of different approaches to propaganda films. In my second chapter I explore women's advertisements in the popular German periodical die Gartenlaube. By looking at the evolving depiction of women in advertisements for products such as Nivea-Creme and Nur Blond (a women's hair product), and the imagery of women on the covers of the magazine, I attempt to show the ways in which the National Socialist party attempted to connect the standards of beauty to political and ideological goals, thereby redefining them. The political and ideological propaganda of the party was the "background music" to everyday life, regardless of whether its German viewers were political supporters of the Nazi Party. I argue that the goal of the Reich Ministry for Propaganda and Public Enlightenment was never to transform or mold the minds of the masses, but to reiterate and reinforce pervasive beliefs and to encourage passive acceptance of, or even just minimize opposition to, Nazi ideology and legislation.
by Priscilla W. Army.
S.B.

This research will examine the rise in popularity of the hillbilly music genre as it relates to the early part of the twentieth century as well as its decline with the arrival of the western hero, the cowboy. Chapter 1 examines the origins of traditional music and how instrumental the fiddle and banjo were in that development. Chapter 2 looks closely into the careers of recording artists who recorded what would later be called hillbilly music. Chapter 3 examines the string band and the naming of the hillbilly genre. Chapters 4 and 5 look at the aspect of radio programming and stereotypes. Chapter 6 discusses the homogenization of the hillbilly genre and the replacement of the hillbilly with the cowboy. This research will clarify the appeal of the hillbilly and highlight the negative stereotypes that started the genre and ultimately ended it leading into the Second World War.

A search of music history texts on American music, such as American Music: A Panorama, by Daniel Kingman, seems to ignore the music of 19th-century California. In Kingman's text, music of the Indians and of mission life is discussed, but music of California and, indeed, much of the western United States is left unexplored. I have found this to be the case in other texts as well. In fact, I have never found a text that discusses or even mentions music of the Gold Rush in California. Two reasons for this omission seem likely: the first is the paucity of information available and the second may be that the authors incorrectly assumed that, because all miners were emigrants, the music would not be original. The area of music I have chosen to discuss was, in fact, unique to the mining country of California in the first decade of the Gold Rush. It is my hope that this thesis will be the starting point for further research on the music of the Gold Rush.

In this study, seven rap songs by hip hop icon Tupac Shakur were examined to determine if the ideology of the Black Panther Party exists within the song lyrics of his politically oriented music. The study used content analysis as its methodology. Key among the Ten Point Program tenets reflected in Tupac’s song lyrics were for self-determination, full employment, ending exploitation of Blacks by Whites (or Capitalists), decent housing, police brutality, education, liberation of Black prisoners, and the demand for land, bread, housing, education, clothing, justice, peace, and a United Nations plebiscite.

La Réunion is a former French colony where the coffee, vanilla — and later the sugarcane industry — brought together the mostly enslaved and indentured people from Madagascar, Africa, India, China and France. A quintessential part of this hybrid culture has been the development of maloya, an improvised music-and-dance form that so alienated French colonial authorities and landowners that it was unofficially banned until 1981. While maloya music has been taught since 1987 at Conservatoire de La Réunion and has reached international stages, maloya dance itself has rarely been explored academically, often relegated to the rank of superficial entertainment. The aim of the present research is to interrogate maloya: what it means to me as a practitioner of maloya and what it means as a culturally embodied art form. Using the principles of practice-led research methodology and the research methods of a/r/tography (including qualitative interview methods, as well as studio practice, performance creation, teaching activities and narrative writing familiar with autoethnography), the research interrogates my subjective experience as a maloya artist, researcher and teacher in Australia. As an art form, the research identifies the improvised technique of maloya dance. The research argues that maloya is comprised of elements of La Réunion’s history: dislocation, slavery, ‘third space’, hybridization and freedom. Thus, analysing the teaching of maloya in Australia is the teaching of Réunionese identity. The different spaces, the different audiences and the different intentions of the dancer all play into how the dancer moves. When performed at an International Arts Festival, maloya is different to its presence at a backyard neighbourhood party or in a sacred ritual honouring the ancestors. The research is neither definitive nor interested in providing a generalisable formula for a transnational theory on adapting dance for different audiences or for different purposes (such as for performance or for teaching), rather the motivation behind the research is to fully interrogate an underexplored dance form and to better understand the origins and composition of a dance form that I carry in every step of my feet. Maloya is the conceptualisation and representation of who I am and how key Réunionese artists see themselves through maloya. The research argues that maloya contributes to identity formation, maintenance and evolution and that the history of surviving dispossession and oppression informs a certain type of cultural, linguistic and artistic identity, similar to the powerful idea of batarsité. As a teacher of maloya in Australia, it became clear that the dance as an artistic representation informs the negotiation of intersecting identities and that this perspective — in conjunction with the participant observation, field trips and interviews with maloya artists and experts — sits comfortably alongside my subjective experience of teaching and performing maloya. The research is an important critical yet subjective interrogation of a dance form that is embraced by its people as not only a powerful symbol of freedom from oppression, but also emblematic of everyday life on a post-colonial island.

Chopins tredje pianosonat i h-moll op.58 är inte alls lika spelad som hans andra sonat i b♭-moll. Anledningen är kanske att det finns en djupare historia bakom hans andra sonat medan den tredje är ett verk som han komponerade för att tysta vissa kritiker men också för att tillägna verket sin släkt. Chopins tredje sonat kan uppfattas som ett av de mest fantastiska och berättande verken inom pianolitteraturen och om man jämför med andra sonater från samma epok så anser jag att även denna sonat förtjänar mer uppmärksamhet. En av anledningarna till att den inte är så spelad kan nog vara att det är ett av Chopins mest krävande verk.

Thesis (M.A.)--East Tennessee State University, 2003.
Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-0331103-141813. Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.

This research explores Louis Armstrong’s artistic choices and their impact directly and indirectly on the African-American literary, visual and performing arts between 1923 and 1930 during the period known as the Harlem Renaissance. This research uses analyses of musical transcriptions and examples of the period’s literary and visual arts to verify the significance of Armstrong’s influence(s). This research also analyzes the early nineteenth century West-African musical practices evident in Congo Square that were present in the traditional jazz and cultural behaviors that Armstrong heard and experienced growing up in New Orleans. Additionally, through a discourse analysis approach, this research examines the impact of Armstrong’s art on the philosophical debate regarding the purpose of the period’s art. Specifically, W.E.B. Du Bois’s desire for the period’s art to be used as propaganda and Alain Locke’s admonitions that period African-American artists not produce works with the plight of Blacks in America as the sole theme.

In the years around 1950 the first Music Schools – organized by the municipalities – started in Sweden. They were a result of local initiatives. They were not a part of the national school system. Instead their focus was on creating opportunities for children to learn to play an instrument in their spare time. They became so common that in 1970 they could be found in almost every municipality in Sweden. Even so, they were never authorised or controlled by the state. In this thesis I try to describe the ideology of the first local music schools around the year 1950. I try to find out what kind of traditions, ideas and other influences that shaped this ideology. I do that by comparing the ideology of the music schools to the characteristics of the popular education (in German: Bildung). Thereafter I try to do the same with the development of Schools of Arts around the year 1990. I do that in a hermeneutic tradition by using an idea- and ideology analysis from social sciences. My research questions are: Could the ideologi of the first music schools be described by comparing it with the characteristics of ”bildung”. Could the ideologi of the first schools of Arts be described by comparing it with the characteristics of ”bildung”. The ideology of the music schools was strongly influenced by the voluntary music education in grammar schools. That meant that the education was organized in semesters, one lesson per week and one child at a time. More focus was on the development of every childs´ability to play an instrument, less on the possibility to play together with other children or to sing. The ideology of the music schools was also influenced by popular education (Bildung). The schools aimed to give equal opportunities to all children to learn to play an instrument and learn about the ”good culture”. With that expression was meant classical music. The answer to my first question is that the ideologi of the music shools were influenced both from grammar schools and the ”bildung”- movement. In the years around 1990 many Music Schools had developed into Schools of Arts. They included education in dance, drama/theatre, visual art and film/movie. In the same way as the first music schools were born, the first Schools of Art developed in a local context. Some of them found a closer cooperation with the obligatory school but all continued to be independent. The structure of Schools of Arts were in many ways a continuation of the music schools. They were also organized in semesters, one lesson a week etc. In the same time they were a part of the a new trend which meant they were more interested in the creative possibilities for the children, cooperation and the opportunities to be on stage. They also had a broader wiew on what ”good culture” was. The answer on my second question is that the ideologi of the Schools of Arts in some extent are a part of the ”Bildung”-movement but at the same time they are more focused in collaborating with the obligatory school system and are more influenced by instrumental goals like being part of devolopment of new industries in the society. To some extent they are less influenced by ”Bildung” than the first music Schools. There are even today more than 200 000 children taking part in the Schools of Arts. (Including those who are still named Music Schools) In such a big professsionel organisation in most of the Swedish communities it is very surprising that they have developed without a national agenda.
I slutet av 1940-talet bildades de första kommunala musikskolorna med det namnet. Deras bakgrund var dels den frivilliga instrumentalundervisning som erbjöds på läroverken, privat undervisning – inte minst på piano – samt undervisning inom militärmusiken och orkesterföreningar. Allt detta smälte samman till musikcirklar – ofta drivna av studieförbund – som sedan nästan undantagslöst drevs vidare i form av kommunala musikskolor. De lokala variationerna var många. På 1970-talet hade i stort sett alla kommuner en kommunal musikskola. I denna uppsats försöker jag beskriva de första kommunala musikskolornas ideologi runt år 1950, och sedan även beskriva de första kommunala kulturskolornas[1] ideologi runt år 1990. Detta gör jag genom att tolka de idéer, traditioner och ambitioner som kan ses i offentliga dokument, vetenskapliga texter och andra dokument som beskriver pedagogiska idéer som fanns och påverkade beslutsfattandet. Jag gör detta i en hermeneutisk tradition genom en idé- och ideologianalys hämtad från samhällsvetenskapen. Metodiskt arbetar jag med begreppet dimensioner. Dessa utgår från de begrepp som karakteriserar bildning. På så sätt använder jag bildningen som ett raster för att tydligare se musikskolornas och kulturskolornas respektive ideologi. Mina forskningsfrågor är: Kan de första kommunala musikskolornas ideologi beskrivas i relation till bildningsbegreppet? Kan de första kommunala kulturskolornas ideologi beskrivas i relation till bildningsbegreppet? Bildningsbegreppet jag använder är hämtat från Gustavssons och Varkøys beskrivningar av vad som kännetecknar bildning:   Lärandet är en fri process  Lärandet skapar sammanhang  Lärandet skapar jämlikhet eller ojämlikhet  Lärandet är icke-instrumentellt Organisationen av undervisningen på musikskolorna var starkt präglad av läroverken. Den innebar att musikskolorna var organiserade i terminer, en lektion i veckan och med starkt fokus på individen. Den enskilde elevens kunskaper i hanterandet av sitt instrument kom i första rummet, före samspel, eget skapande och även sång/körsång. Den ideologi som präglade musikskolorna hade samtidigt ett starkt folkbildande inslag. Alla barn skulle i demokratisk anda få möjlighet att både lära sig spela ett instrument och ta del av den goda kulturen. Med det senare avsågs främst den klassiska musiken. Svaret på min första forskningsfråga är att de första musikskolornas ideologi i hög grad var påverkad av bildningsbegreppet men att den samtidigt var starkt påverkad av traditionen från läroverk och folkskola. De kommunala kulturskolorna övertog senare mycket av musikskolornas ideologi. Samtidigt var ideologin i den tidens anda präglat av ett större intresse för elevernas eget skapande, för samverkan och att alla elever också skulle framträda. Flera kulturskolor sökte också få en ökad betydelse genom ett närmande till den obligatoriska skolan. Deras ideologi präglades också i hög grad av instrumentella mål som transfereffekter vid inlärning av andra skolämnen, lokaliseringsfaktorer m.fl. Svaret på min andra forskningsfråga är att de första kommunala kulturskolorna ideologiskt i viss mån var en del av bildningsrörelsen. Samtidigt önskade de bli en del av det obligatoriska skolväsendet och motiverade sin existens med instrumentella mål, varför de kan sägas alltmer ta avstånd från att bygga på en ideologi präglad av bildning. Med tanke på musik- och kulturskolorna storlek, över 200 000 deltagare, är det förvånande att all utveckling av dem skett genom lokala initiativ och att samordning och utveckling på nationell nivå i stort sett varit helt frånvarande under de epoker jag berör i denna uppsats. De kommunala musikskolorna, senare kulturskolorna, dominerades av ett görande, av enskilda lärares egna modeller för undervisning, i högre grad än formulerande av en genomtänkt ideologi eller för den delen metodik. [1] De kommunala kulturskolorna benämns oftast som ”kulturskolor”. I den statliga politik som beslutats under uppsatsens tillkomst benämns de som ”kommunala kulturskolor”. Jag använder därför det begreppet men för att göra texten lättare att läsa använder jag ibland de enklare formerna ”musikskola” och ”kulturskola”.  De står för samma sak.

This thesis explores the burgeoning musical commerce industry in Williamsburg, Virginia between approximately 1716 to 1775. It especially focuses on the gentrification of this industry and the ways in which elite Virginians made use of music to establish themselves as inheritors of British culture and musical entertainment. A diversity of musical businesses appeared in Williamsburg during the eighteenth century, including instrument sellers, music and dancing teachers, and two theaters utilized by theatrical troupes, to name a few. Drawing on evidence from the Virginia Gazette, as well as journals, letters, playhouse reports, and account books, the thesis concludes that music provided an important means for the formation of an elite colonial identity in a time and place heavily influenced by an American consumer revolution and a desire for refinement.

This dissertation studies the musical activities of the Venezuelan pianist and composer Teresa Carreño (1853-1917) during her formative years in Caracas. It examines the sources that pertain to her musical environment, early piano training, and first compositions in the context of the growth in Caracas of the practices of recreational sociability, the increasing influence of virtuosic music, and the tradition of private concert-making sponsored by devoted music amateurs. This study argues that Teresa Carreño’s musical upbringing occurred in a social and cultural context in which Enlightenment-framed ideologies of civilization and social progress, shaped in fundamental ways the perceptions of the value of music and women in society, and their role in the newly-founded republic. This study is aimed at reconstructing Teresa Carreño’s musical activities in Caracas as a means for elucidating the values, aspirations, and contradictions of Caracas’s musical culture and how these were articulated within the broader context of the nation-building process that was shaped and promoted by the progressive intelligentsia since the early nineteenth-century.

Situated within deep history, this study explores the auditory and spiritual lives of Paleolithic women. It considers their personal agency in mediating the spiritual power of sound and how doing so contributes to a multifaceted musicality. The theoretical framework involves a wide spectrum of topics, from ways of rethinking the writing of history and reckoning with time, to sound studies and the study of acoustics in ancient sites, to a critical examination through a feminist lens of normative disciplinary scholarship in anthropology and archaeology, religious studies, and musicology. I explore potential audio-visual-lithic relationships for their implications for deepening an understanding of the spiritual aspects of Paleolithic life. Drawing from this interdisciplinary literature, integrative discussions are constructed which when considered collectively, not only provide different types of role models and different criteria pertaining to women's experiences of music-making, but also facilitate the emergence of a more nuanced understanding of Paleolithic spiritual practices. In this women-centric narrative innumerable generations of women's participation as spiritual healers within the shamanic musical paradigm are acknowledged and valued, broadening the parameters of women's cultural heritage and spiritual experience. This expansion can help women today turn away from a compensatory music history perspective that is oriented toward figuring out how to fit into a prescribed androcentric narrative of Western art music and turn towards a more holistic narrative in which women can better consider their lineage(s) on their own terms. It fosters re-conceptualizations of women's musical and spiritual identities by reorienting the timeline, contexts, and definition of women's experiences of music-making as sound-producers and sound-interpreters. This project is intended to provide one possible starting point for new conversations about women in music regardless of one's positionality. From a more inclusive gynocentric vantage point, the toxic self-perpetuating loop which has affected how musicology has thus far been shaped, namely through the undervaluing of women’s musical experiences and the ways that they think and feel about music, is being contested. Ultimately, it is a matter of ownership.

Thesis (M.A.)--East Tennessee State University, 2004.
Title from electronic submission form. ETSU ETD database URN: etd-1110104-224112 Includes bibliographical references. Also available via Internet at the UMI web site.

In the current musicological discussion on the issues of historiography and the need to overcome the entrenched canons of historical writing, questions concerning the history of national music often become marginalised, and, to some extent, placed into a paradoxical situation.

La tesi que exposem es basa en una aproximació a la música a través de les arts plàstiques, concretament amb una mirada a la pintura. Es treballa en diferents nivells educatius amb el propòsit d’integrar pedagògicament ambdues àrees mitjançant la pràctica activa amb els recursos pedagògics adients; és, per tant, una recerca interdisciplinària entre la Història de la Música i la Història de l’Art. Partint de l’estat de la qüestió i la hipòtesi inicial, s’ofereix una primera part de la investigació, a tall de mostra, sobre la relació entre la música i la pintura a partir d’instruments musicals, temàtiques universals i compositors i pintors destacats que van tenir un ressò en l’art del classicisme, romanticisme i avantguardes artístiques del segle XX. La segona part de la tesi exposa el treball pedagògic dut a terme, com ara l’activitat “L’Art en la recerca: treballem amb l’Art, eduquem per la Pau”, que inclou la preparació i la realització d’un concert en el Museu d’Art Modern de la Diputació de Tarragona (MAMT) a càrrec de l’alumnat d’un Institut, interpretant obres de creació pròpia relacionades amb obres d’art del museu. També es mostra el treball realitzat en diferents contextos educatius sobre la comprensió de la música en relació amb la pintura, partint del classicisme i romanticisme musical fins a les avantguardes artístiques del segle XX, amb l’aplicació pedagògica dels continguts tractats en els capítols II, III i IV. La investigació aporta la valoració per part de l’alumnat i professorat de la metodologia d’ensenyament-aprenentatge proposada, reflectida en les conclusions. Es considera important que l’alumnat arribi a assolir al llarg dels respectius cursos acadèmics el coneixement i la valoració d’obres d’art relacionades amb els diferents estils musicals de la història de la música d’Occident.
La tesis que exponemos está basada en una aproximación a la música a través de las artes plásticas, concretamente en una mirada a la pintura. Se trabaja en diferentes niveles educativos con el propósito de integrar pedagógicamente ambas áreas mediante la práctica activa con los recursos pedagógicos adecuados; es, por tanto, una investigación interdisciplinar entre la Historia de la Música y la Historia del Arte. Partiendo del estado de la cuestión y la hipótesis inicial, se ofrece una primera parte de la investigación, a modo de muestra, sobre la relación entre la música y la pintura a partir de instrumentos musicales, temáticas universales y compositores y pintores destacados que han tenido un eco en el arte del clasicismo, romanticismo y vanguardias artísticas del siglo XX. La segunda parte de la tesis expone el trabajo pedagógico realizado, como la actividad "El Arte en la investigación: trabajemos con el Arte, eduquemos para la Paz", que incluye la preparación y la realización de un concierto en el Museo de Arte Moderno de la Diputación de Tarragona (MAMT) a cargo de los alumnos de un Instituto, interpretando obras de creación propia relacionadas con obras de arte del museo. También se muestra el trabajo realizado en diferentes contextos educativos sobre la comprensión de la música en relación con la pintura, partiendo del clasicismo y romanticismo musical hasta las primeras vanguardias artísticas del siglo XX, y la aplicación pedagógica de los contenidos tratados en los capítulos II, III y IV. La investigación aporta la valoración por parte del alumnado y profesorado de la metodología de enseñanza-aprendizaje propuesta, reflejada en las conclusiones. Se considera importante que el alumnado llegue a alcanzar a lo largo de los respectivos cursos académicos el conocimiento y valoración de obras de arte relacionadas con los diferentes estilos musicales de la historia de la música de Occidente.
This thesis is based on an approach to music through visual arts, more specifically through painting. It works at different educational stages in order to integrate pedagogically both areas, music and painting, through active practice with appropriate educational resources; therefore, it is an interdisciplinary research between Music History and Art History. Starting from the state of affairs and the initial hypothesis, the first part of the investigation provides examples of the relationship between music and painting based on musical instruments, on universal themes and also on composers and painters that are prominent in classicism, romanticism and avant-garde twentieth century. The second part of the thesis introduces the pedagogical work that has been elaborated, for instance the activity "The art in the research: let us work with Art and educate for Peace". This work includes the preparation and implementation of a concert in the Modern Art Museum of Tarragona (MAMT) lead by students of an institute, in which the students performed musical works created by them, works that were related to the artworks of the museum. In this part it is also introduced the work that has been done in different educational contexts concerning the understanding of music in relation to painting from the classical and romantic music to the twentieth century avant-garde, and also the pedagogical application of the content covered in chapters II, III and IV. In its conclusions, this research provides the assessment done by students and teachers of the teaching-learning proposal. It is considered important that during the respective academic courses the students achieve the knowledge and the appreciation of works of art related to the different musical styles of the history of Western music.

555 pages
This study focuses on the development of harmonic vocabulary in Bulgarian music. It analyzes the incorporation of harmony in village music from the 1930s to the 1990s, "wedding music" from the 1970s to 2000, and choral and instrumental arrangements (obrabotki, creations of the socialist period (1944-1989). This study also explains that terms which are frequently applied to Bulgarian music, such as "westernization," "socialist-style arrangements," or "Middle Eastern influence," depict sophisticated networks of codified and non-codified rules for harmonization which to date have not been studied. The dissertation classifies different approaches to harmony in the above mentioned styles and situates them in historical and cultural contexts, examines existing principles for harmonizing and arranging Bulgarian music, and establishes new systems for analysis. It suggests that the harmonic language of the layers of Bulgarian music is based upon systems of rules which can be approached and analyzed using Western music theory. TV1y analysis of harmony in Bulgarian music focuses on representative examples of each style discussed. These selections are taken from the most popular and well-received compositions available in the repertoire.
10000-01-01

In a world of open boundaries where the free circulation of spiritual assets and the impetuous flood of information is assured, it appears natural to attempt to assume the clarification of fundamental concepts regarding the art of sounds such as it has been the case in European countries or, to be more specific, in music composed during the 20th century. This stage that was formerly a privilege of a few centres, later of countries, has now been replaced. The united effort of generations has built an impressive thesaurus, generating patterns taken over by still crystallizing cultures which are, in their turn, creating their own musical patrimony whose powerful propensity needs to be inventoried and made available to other people.

National cultural heritage institutions are charged with representative preservation of their countries’ cultural materials and the ways their staff undertake preservation activities impact to whom and how these materials are representative. Music is hailed as an integral part of a nation’s cultural heritage, but while aspects of its preservation are individually understood, their combined treatment in cultural institutions — music curation — and its ability to alter concepts of national identity are not. Consequently, we must ask how does music curation influence notions of national identity? By answering this question, this thesis seeks to contribute to our understanding of the ways that national cultural heritage institutions shape and promote a sense of national community. Since its beginning in 1800, the Library of Congress in Washington, D.C. has adopted several roles: a congressional resource; a copyright repository; a research centre; a hub for and leader in the library community; and cultural heritage institution. These combine to make the Library of Congress the de facto national library of the United States. However, these roles are not inherently congruent and in some instances undermine each other. Additionally, music has not always been easily integrated into its mission and its collections. Functioning as a national library, the Library of Congress potentially performs significant roles in the preservation and presentation of music, activities that make it an appropriate case study for investigating how music curation affects notions of national identity. Therefore, this work is structured in the following way: first, it offers an historical overview of the Library of Congress’ three music related departments — the Music Division, the American Folklife Center and the Recorded Sound component of the Motion Picture, Broadcast and Recorded Sound Division — to illuminate political, cultural and aesthetic forces that shaped their developments and their approaches to music curation. Second, it presents Howard Becker’s art world as the analytical framework by which this thesis critically engages narrative and identity theories. Third, employing the Library of Congress as a case study, it then investigates eight music curation narratives and juxtaposes them against its image as a cultural heritage institution. Narratives, gathered during semi-structured interviews and presented as interpretive stories, provide a focused insight into the tensions between staff and institution as well as institution and projected notions of national identity. In the context of music curation, this thesis’ conclusions illustrate a gap between the Library of Congress’ iconic image and its actual image, one that is perpetuated by its focus on research.

As a music student who was always more attracted to the “academic” side of music rather than the performance side, I have come to hold a great respect for music history. This interest only grew when I got the opportunity to study music for a semester in Edinburgh, Scotland. Being surrounded by so much history, both musical and artistic, only fed my passion. I began to notice many similarities between the development of music and art both during lectures at the university and in my leisure time in galleries. I noticed that composers and visual artists in the same time period would hold similar beliefs or thoughts, therefore similarities could be found between the two art forms. Oftentimes, I would come across a composer whose compositional techniques were directly influenced by an artist and/or vice versa. I became interested in this type of cross-pollination in music and soon began to ask myself the question “Have the development of art and music always been influenced by each other? How many composers were inspired by art?” When it came time to begin my honors thesis, I decided to address this topic. So, I chose to explore this type of cross-pollination in music and, in conjunction with this research, create my own musical composition based on a work of visual art of my own choosing. Specifically, I wanted to look more carefully at the technique composers had used historically to connect their pieces of music with particular pieces of visual art. I therefore chose several art-influenced compositions to examine how the music expresses the art. In the first chapter of my thesis, I discuss the problem of turning spatially existing art into a temporally existing composition and explore several compositions in which the composers chose to construct a musical narrative as an approach to this challenge. In the second chapter, I revisit the problem of turning art into music but instead explore a different set of compositions that overcome this issue using a ‘snapshot’ technique. In the third chapter, I take a look at ekprasis as a technique used to translate abstract art into music and focus on how one composition in particular expresses the artwork. The fourth chapter is a journal discussing the art I have chosen, the stages in my compositional process, and how I used what I learned from my research to create my own composition. I have included the score of my composition as the fifth chapter.

This dissertation investigates video game music from a musicological perspective, considering the role, function and effect of music in games. I hypothesize that music's significance for the gamer is founded upon the way the player interacts with the game. The nature of this interaction is determined by what is termed the 'interactive genre' in question - the type of interaction typical for a particular class of games. Thus the musical analysis of game interactive genres is an appropriate and potentially rewarding way of understanding game music. These genres of interaction are distinct and historically established, which allows a survey of many games over a relatively long chronological period. Musical analysis of interactive genres, in turn, illuminates the way in which gamers play and understand games. After creating a contextual frame for the study of game music, the body of the dissertation focuses on a genre-by-genre examination. Each chapter considers the features of a particular genre (or genres sharing key features), and examines representative games to ascertain the relationship between the game and the music. Certain genres prioritize distinct modes of interaction and components of musical function because of the interactive mechanism of the game, and thus provide the opportunity for the examination of particular musical concerns. That this is so indicates the close relationship between music and gameplay /interaction in the video game medium. A case study is used to demonstrate a 'deep reading' of the musical concerns or issues that are seen to feature prominently in the game genre in question. The study concludes with a summary in the form of a chapter on action games that focuses on the aspects of game music that can be extracted from the preceding discussions. The epilogue explores how game music may reveal the playfulness of the human-music interaction in a more general way. ii

The vocal jazz ensemble singing movement that began at Mt. Hood Community College (Gresham, Oregon) in 1967 reached the public schools of the Boise Valley, in Southwestern Idaho sometime in the early 1970’s. The first generation of vocal jazz educators in the region were Jerry Vevig , Vern Swain, Moyle Brown and Lonnie Cline. In an effort to learn the new style, these four directors participated in the burgeoning vocal jazz scene occurring in the Western region of the United States. By the mid 1970’s, vocal jazz ensemble education had become so prevalent in the Boise Valley region that the Jr. High School directors of the Boise Public School District were programming vocal jazz music and participating in many of the same vocal jazz events as their high school colleagues. These Junior High school directors included Bruce Walker, Catherine Gilck, Rich Lapp, Sue Hough, Paul Olson and Rob Newburn. The 1980’s saw the second generation of prominent vocal jazz singing ensemble directors begin their tenures in the Boise Valley when Glenn Grant, Quinn, Van Paepeghem, Linda Schmidt, Ted Totorica, and Barb Oldenburg, continued the tradition of vocal jazz style singing and event participation that their predecessors had initiated throughout the remainder of the era investigated (inception–1990). In the study, each subjects experiences and education in vocal jazz ensemble singing is documented and specific techniques they employed when working with their vocal jazz ensembles are revealed. The literature used by each vocal jazz educator from the Boise valley (1970–1990) is also exposed, collated, and presented in the document for reference and use by future choral music educators.

This study presents a detailed analytical examination of formal organization in Anton Bruckner’s early instrumental slow movements: from the String Quartet, WAB 111, to the Third Symphony, WAB 103. It proposes an analytical methodology and conception of the formative process of musical works that seeks to 1) reappraise the development and idiosyncrasies of his slow movements’ form, and 2) turn the textual multiplicity often associated with Bruckner’s large-scale works (a scholarly issue often referred to as the “Bruckner Problem”) into a Bruckner Potential.

In addressing traditional and innovative formal aspects of Bruckner’s music, critics have tended to overemphasize one side or the other, consequentially portraying his handling of form as either whimsical or excessively schematic. By way of a reconstruction of Bruckner’s early experiments with slow-movement form (1862–1873), this study argues that influential lines of criticism in the reception history of Bruckner’s large-scale forms find little substantiation in the acoustical surface of Bruckner’s music and its dialogic engagement with mid- and late-19th-century generic expectations.

Because the textual multiplicity often associated with Bruckner’s works does not sit comfortably with traditional notions of authenticity and authorship, Bruckner scholarship has operated under aesthetic premises that fail to acknowledge textual multiplicity as a basic trait of his oeuvre. The present study circumvents this shortcoming by conceiving formal-expressive meaning in Bruckner’s symphonies as growing out of a dual-dimensional dialogue comprising 1) an outward dialogue, characterized by the interplay between a given version of a Bruckner symphony and its implied genre (in this case, sonata form); and 2) an inward dialogue, characterized by the interplay among the various individualized realizations of a single Bruckner symphony. The analytical method is exemplified through a detailed consideration of each of the surviving realizations of the slow movement of Bruckner’s Third Symphony, WAB 103.

Mozart’s concert aria Ch’io mi scordi di te K. 505 bridges the genres of piano concerto and opera seria aria by combining elements of sonata rondo, sonata concerto, and ritornello. Mozart’s experimentation with Classical form emerging in the late eighteenth-century is characterized by unique transitions and retransitions, surprising modulations to secondary keys, and polarization of tonic and dominant tonalities. K. 505, a two-tempo rondo for soprano with piano obbligato, is the only one of its type in Mozart’s oeuvre and shares many of the same ritornello form and dialogue between the soloist and the orchestra found in Mozart’s piano concerti. Composed as a duet for himself, an accomplished pianist, and his close friend Nancy Storace, a highly regarded opera singer, as part of her farewell concert in Vienna, K. 505 highlights their virtuosic abilities celebrating artistic kinship.

After establishing the historic contexts for its composition, this study applies the theories and models developed by James Hepokoski and Warren Darcy (2006), Martha Feldman and Rosa Cafiero (1993), John Irving (2003), and Simon P. Keefe (2001) in order to analyze K. 505 as a work in a composite genre utilizing compositional techniques later associated with more conventional applications of sonata-form. K. 505 is one of several compositions rooted in Mozart’s tonally adventurous Idomeneo (1781/1786). An analytical comparison of K. 505 with related works—the concert aria Non piu tutto ascoltai…non temer amato bene K. 490 for soprano and violin obbligato, a replacement aria in the revised Idomeneo (1786) and the Viennese piano concerto no. 25 in C Major K. 503 (1786) demonstrate how Mozart’s syncretic genres played a part in the creation and expansion of the maturing conventions of sonata-form in the late eighteenth-century.

This thesis examines aesthetics, sonic characteristics, and performance practices of zydeco music as heard in south Louisiana today. The first chapter describes the roles of instruments in a zydeco band, focusing specifically on the importance of the kick drum and the snare drum. It also details the evolution of the modern zydeco sound and how certain instruments, their modifications, and their timbres came to characterize the style especially prevalent among a group of artists who play for zydeco trail rides. The second chapter examines the tempo of modern zydeco music through quantitative analysis of musical recordings. This chapter also elucidates the use of beat patterns and drumming techniques within the genre, providing evidence for a current preference for the boogaloo beat over the on-the-one and the double beats. The third chapter discusses sonic goals and values of the sound engineer in zydeco music in live performance. This chapter also includes analysis of the frequency spectrum profiles of live zydeco recordings which depict how sound reinforcement practices, instrument modifications, and playing techniques discussed in the thesis are manifested in these performances. Research methods employed for this thesis include interviews with zydeco musicians, empirical analysis of live musical recordings, and examination of spectrograms.

Scriabin’s music is saturated with the mystical and heavily influenced by the psycho philosophical presence of his evolving thoughts throughout his life. Scriabin constructed his own self-mythology modeled on Romantic idealizations based on Nietzschean philosophy and Prometheon narrative. He combined this construction with his Symbolist aesthetics for total unity through mystical transcendence. The combining of these archetypes is seen in his Fantasy in B Minor, Op. 28. The Fantasy inhabits both psychological realities which manifests into different aesthetic characteristics. The presence of the more conservative nineteenth-century style alongside the Symbolist narrative elements are what make the Fantasy and elusive and transitory piece that represents the shifts occurring within Scriabin’s psyche during the dawn of the twentieth-century.

The Fantasy has been neglected by scholars but was written merely three years before all his pieces became drenched in the mystical. I therefore propose from my own analysis of the piece and from the evidence of Scriabin’s close associations to the Symbolist movement that the Fantasy, Op. 28 is driven by Symbolist mythological undertones within the thematic narrative. Evidence will be provided from close friends and acquaintances of Scriabin, his own writings, exploration of Romantic and Symbolist aesthetics, and evidence provided by previous scholarship on Scriabin’s theosophical beliefs.

I am exploring the way music alters or enhances the perception of our environment. This creative project allows me to explore and visualize several issues that intrigue me: music (sound), emotion, and visual imagery (film). My goal in developing this topic is to allow others to have an experience related to sound and image, where image is altered and enhanced by the use of music.

This study focuses on the connection between cultural identity and Japanese popular music. It contains conducted interviews and semantic analyses on musicians who use Japanese traditional instruments and Western instruments in their repertoire. It uses performativity theory as theoretical framework. The analyses are divided in to the three levels of Sauter’s phenomenological path: the symbolic level, the sensory level and the artistic level.  It concludes how musicians in Japan perceive their own musical identity, and gives insights on the role of cultural identity in Japanese music. The potential significance is to contribute to identity studies using a performativity perspective as explained above, and thereby elucidating both musicological and historical aspects.

Music appreciation is a popular General Education course at the university level and is included as a survey course for music majors at many universities, yet there is not a consensus on the "correct" way to teach the course. Many pedagogical approaches have been explored; each having its merits, and it is probable that there will never be unanimous agreement among music educators regarding which approach is the most effective. Three pedagogical approaches in particular have been effective; namely the analytical approach, the historical approach, and the contextual approach as described by professor of music Dr. Lewis W. Gordon. These approaches were applied in a onesemester survey music history course with the goal of analyzing which is the most effective in teaching freshman music majors. The assessment of these results will be discussed, and suggestions of ways to incorporate these methodologies into teaching will be offered. These approaches will also be discussed in their accordance with the Essential Learning Outcomes of AAC&U's LEAP initiative.

This thesis was written as a supporting paper for a graphic design exhibit for a Master of Fine Arts Degree. The focus of my work is to visualize an interpretation of a collection of songs that make up an album in which the design communicates the content of the body of music. This thesis showcases a record that actually exists but has never been released. This affords me the opportunity to create a design that defines the content of the record work in a visual manner. This thesis paper covers the methods and motivations by which I arrived to the final design as well as an analysis of the outcome of the process in regards to the thesis exhibit.

Musik är en väsentlig del i identitetsskapandet för barn och unga världen över. Genom globaliseringen har musik, klädstilar och dylika centrala delar i uppbyggandet av jaget spridits världen över och kombinerats och inspirerats av varandra (Sernhede, 2006). Identitetsskapandet är en betydande del i huruvida ett aktivt medborgarskap tar form eller inte hos olika individer och grupper. Därav är identitetsskapandet en väsentlig del att bejaka vid undervisningen av medborgerlig bildning. Medborgare refererar till en person som reagerar på sin omgivning med medvetenhet om de sociala och politiska funktionerna i samhället (Hartsmar et al, 2013). Vad en medborgerlig bildning specifikt består av beror på vilka system, traditioner och värden som är förekommande där bildningen genomförs. Likheten med all medborgerlig bildning är att det syftar till en bildning som har målet att stärka medborgarnas förmåga att påverka samhällsutvecklingen positivt (ibid.)Ovanstående resonemang har lett mig till frågeställningarna "Hur används musik i skolor i Tanzania?", "Hur uttrycker sig lärare och elever gällande betydelsen av musikutbildning utifrån ett individ- och ett kollektivt perspektiv?" samt "Hur kan läroplanen appliceras på medborgerlig bildning för demokrati?". Anledningen till att just tanzaniska skolor står i fokus är det faktum att Tanzanias läroplan har ett ämne kallat vocational skills, där 12 ämnen ingår. Musik är ett av ämnena inom vocational skills som till störst del står för den medborgerliga bildningen i skolan. Enligt den svenska läroplanen ska medborgerlig bildning vara en del av samtliga ämnen, men skillnaden är att den tanzaniska läroplanen beskriver något mer specifikt hur det ska gå till - i synnerhet när det gäller musikundervisningen. Jag ansåg därför att det kunde vara intressant att undersöka musikens koppling till medborgerlig bildning i skolor i Tanzania. Detta har jag gjort genom en kvalitativ studie innehållande 15 intervjuer, varav tre personer var lärare och resterande elever i åldrarna 12 -14 år. Det visade sig i mitt resultat att musik ansågs vara en viktig del av identitetsskapandet och det framtida medborgarskapet, men även att detta är en möjlig väg för medborgerlig bildning, bland många andra.

The Concert Choir has been the flagship choral ensemble of Stetson University, a private, liberal arts university in DeLand, Florida, since 1935. The choir has traveled extensively throughout the southeast United States and twice abroad, serving as ambassadors for Stetson University. This study documents Stetson University's early history, the first few decades of choral activity at Stetson University, and the complete history of the Concert Choir through the tenure of Milburn Price. The study explores 1) the individuals, events, and institutions leading to the formation of the Concert Choir, 2) the philosophy and purpose of the Concert Choir, 3) the individuals, events and institutions that have shaped that philosophy and purpose, and 4) the ways in which the Spring Concert repertoire of the Concert Choir reflects the ensemble's philosophy and purpose.

The three major conductors of the Concert Choir, occupying 71 of the last 77 years, were Harold Giffin (1935-1972), Robert Rich (1972-1989), and Duncan Couch (1989-2006). Giffin was responsible for combining the separate glee clubs into one performing ensemble, performing Handel's Messiah annually for twenty-five years, and instituting an extensive touring schedule throughout the United States. The performances at the National Federation of Music Clubs (1939), New York City's Lincoln Center (1967), and the recording session that was broadcast coast-to-coast with NBC in Chicago (1953) were three of Giffin's tours that were most significant. Rich was the first alumnus of the Concert Choir to be hired as Director of Choral Activities and conducted the ensemble for their first ACDA convention performance in 1974. During his tenure, the High School Choral Clinic and Christmas Candlelight Concert, modeled after the English Lessons and Carols, were started and have continued annually throughout the scope of this study. Couch grew the popularity of both the clinic and the Candlelight Concert, took the Concert Choir on two European concert tours, and cultivated collaborations with many professional orchestras.

This study concludes that the Concert Choir is a choral organization influenced by the sacred a cappella choral traditions; however, it was not dominated by it. This study further identifies that the development of the annual Christmas Candlelight Concert and spring tour were foundational for the choir's activities each year. Documentation illustrates each director's willingness to accept this heritage and develop the Concert Choir accordingly throughout its history.

The purpose of the lecture/recital was to demonstrate how pioneering composers such as Vincent Persichetti, Karel Husa, Joseph Schwantner, Michael Colgrass, and David Maslanka helped create the modem day wind ensemble percussion section. The Lecture/Recital consisted of a demonstration of extended techniques used in each of these composers’ works for wind ensemble, which enabled the composers to add different colors and timbres to the music. The lecture also included illustrations of possible setups and the number of percussion instruments utilized for each composition. A performance of various excerpts from each work concluded the lecture/recital.

It is proper that I should begin by admitting that I am only an apprentice Reger-scholar. In planning this invited paper I evertheless learned much about how and why a British Mahler- and Schreker specialist, interested in the music of Hans fitzner and Franz Schmidt, might have remained so inconsistently ignorant of Reger. Setting aside, for the moment, the specific question of film music, what I have learned is clearly of levance to questions about why Reger appears not to ‘travel well’ internationally and about his reception by a UK audience.

Music Performance
D.M.A.
On 9 April 1860, seventeen years before Thomas Edison invented the phonograph, a Parisian inventor named Leon Scott de Martinville invented the “phonautograph,” the first device capable of recording sound. In the demonstration recording produced by de Martinville, the listener hears the inventor singing a short section of the song “Au clair de la lune.” The recording lasts about ten seconds and is not of very good audio quality—it is full of interference and white noise, making it hard to decipher words. Technology has since evolved and improved to the point where we can examine the evolution of vibrato with relative ease, simply by listening to different recordings. When examining the question of cello vibrato prior to the second half of the 19th century with its technological innovations, however, we are left with a somewhat paradoxical question: “How did vibrato sound?“ This question is important for two reasons. First, through exploring the history of cello vibrato we may be able to make clearer inferences or, at the very least, establish more educated hypotheses, pertaining to general questions of sound and musical aesthetics throughout the centuries. Second, examining early cello technique and how it evolved can greatly help us understand the evolution of the left hand’s role in performance, particularly in the creation of vibrato. I am well aware that when it comes to historical performances prior to the introduction of quality recording technology, we can only deal with probabilities, never certainties, and we have no way of knowing what soloists and orchestral musicians sounded like, nor do we have a way to know what composers wished to hear. Since it is not possible to draw conclusions based on audio recordings prior to the end of the 19th century, I will explore the evolution of cello vibrato through close examination of early cello performance practice, as outlined in treatises and texts, as well as accounts by musicians who were key figures in developing and advancing playing techniques. While it will never be feasible to go back in time and hear this evolution for ourselves, it is possible to construct a better understanding of the use of vibrato prior to the second half of the 19th century. My aim in this paper is to better understand the evolution of cello vibrato, its origins, early techniques for producing it, and the influence of technique on vibrato over the years, mainly throughout Europe, in order to better answer this question: when did vibrato become an integral part of the cellist’s sound? Have cellists always used vibrato, and if so, did they use it continuously on all possible pitches? For the performing artist and teacher, it is highly beneficial to know the history and evolution of vibrato, and its role in the development of the cello sound over the years. Having this knowledge can have a direct effect on interpretation. By way of background, I will first discuss the origins of both the instrument and vibrato itself, in separate chapters.
Temple University--Theses