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1
Kan, Chin-Yi. "Human Papillomavirus in human breast cancer and cellular immortalisation." Sydney : University of New South Wales. Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences, 2007. http://www.library.unsw.edu.au/~thesis/adt-NUN/public/adt-NUN20071004.080541/.
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Brestovac, Brian. "Human papillomavirus and cervical cancer in Western Australia." University of Western Australia. School of Biomedical and Chemical Sciences, 2005. http://theses.library.uwa.edu.au/adt-WU2006.0037.
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Aaltonen, Leena-Maija. "Laryngeal human Papillomavirus infection." Helsinki : University of Helsinki, 1999. http://ethesis.helsinki.fi/julkaisut/laa/haart/vk/aaltonen/.
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Dareng, Eileen Onyeche. "Human papillomavirus infections and human papillomavirus associated diseases in Nigeria : distribution, determinants and control." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/284551.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Persistent infection with high risk HPV is a necessary but insufficient cause of cervical cancer. Behavioural, viral and host factors modulate the risk of HPV persistence. In this thesis, I explore the role of the vaginal microbiota, a host factor and the presence of multiple HPV infections, a viral factor in HPV persistence. Considering the limited data on the epidemiology of HPV related diseases in low and middle-countries (LMIC), and the limited success of cervical cancer screening strategies in many LMIC, I provide data on the distribution of HPV related diseases in Nigeria and evaluate the acceptability of innovative strategies to increase cervical cancer screening uptake. Methods/Results: To achieve my aims, I implemented a longitudinal cohort study of 1,020 women in Nigeria. I begin my results chapters with two methodological papers. Attrition is an important consideration for every longitudinal cohort, particularly in LMIC, therefore, I present my findings on attrition, determinants of attrition and practical strategies to ensure low attrition in studies conducted in LMIC. Considering that sexual behaviour is an important potential confounder in all HPV studies, and the reliability of self-reported history is often questioned, I present findings on the test-retest reliability of self-reported sexual behaviour history collected in my study. Having found that attrition levels were low and that self-reported sexual behaviour history was generally reliable within my cohort, I present my findings on the association between the vaginal microbiota and persistent hrHPV; and the role of multiple HPV infections in viral persistence. I found that the vaginal microbiota was associated with persistent hrHPV in HIV negative women, but not in HIV positive women; and that multiple HPV infections did not increase the risk of viral persistence when compared to single HPV infections. Next, I present my findings on the prevalence and incidence of anogenital warts in Nigeria, with additional reports on the prevalence of cervical cancer and other HPV associated cancers using data from two population based cancer registries. Finally, I present my findings on the acceptability of innovative strategies to improve cervical cancer screening uptake in Nigeria. I found that Nigerian women had a favorable attitude to the use of HPV DNA based screening as part of routine antenatal care, however attitudes towards the use of self-sampling techniques for HPV based cervical cancer screening varied by religious affiliations. Conclusion: In my thesis, I was able to systematically investigate the epidemiology of HPV infections in a LMIC. I considered the distribution of HPV related diseases, host and viral determinants of HPV persistence and investigated control strategies to reduce the burden of cervical cancer in a LMIC. My results provide useful data for surveillance, monitoring and evaluation of control programs on HPV and cervical cancer in Nigeria and may be useful to cervical cancer control programs in other LMIC.
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Mellin, Hanna. "Human papillomavirus in tonsillar cancer /." Stockholm : Karolinska Univ. Press, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-366-X/.
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Cooper, Kumarasen. "Human papillomavirus and cervical carcinogenesis." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1992. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.306091.
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Dowen, Sally Elizabeth. "Human papillomavirus / host genetic interactions." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.620590.
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Dao, Luan D. "Human papillomavirus segregation and replication /." Thesis, Birmingham, Ala. : University of Alabama at Birmingham, 2008. https://www.mhsl.uab.edu/dt/2008p/dao.pdf.
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Cubie, Heather A. "Human papillomavirus : pathogenesis and immunity." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/27846.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The involvement of human papilloma virus (HPV) in the aetiology and progression of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) is still unresolved. This study was designed to assess the immunological responses to HPV types in patients presenting with varying degrees of CIN and in control groups, using in vitro measures of cellular and humoral responses. Lymphocyte proliferation assays (LPA) were performed using peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBM) and various papillomavirus (PV) antigens. Twenty -five per cent (23/92) of patients with CIN responded to antigens derived from purified BPV, HPV -1 or HPV -2 with or without detergent disruption. The responses correlated with a past history of skin warts rather than cervical abnormalities, and the percentage of responders was similar to that in laboratory personnel (30 %) and lower than that in a group with recalcitrant common warts (50 %). Antigens specific to HPV -16 and HPV -18, in the form of bacterially expressed fusion proteins derived by the transcription and translation of the E6 and E4 open reading frames (ORF), occasionally produced specific positive responses, provided contaminating E.coli B galactosidase sequences had been removed during purification. Responses were low and suggested that the numbers of memory T cells specific to PV antigens were low and at the lower limit of detection of LPA. An indirect ELISA was developed to detect circulating IgG to PV antigens in colposcopy patients. Fifty per cent of patients had antibodies to disrupted HPV -1, HPV -2 or both, suggesting that a predominantly type- specific response was being detected. No correlation of immune responses with a degree of dysplasia or the presence of koilocytes in cervical biopsies was noted, but a high incidence of forgotten or inapparent past infection with cutaneous HPV types was found. In situ hybridisation (ISH) methods using non -radioactively labelled, cloned probes and synthetic oligonucleotide probes were developed for use on paraffin sections. Synthetic probes allowed a quicker, less destructive hybridisation protocol, with the sensitivity of detection being (y) improved by an anti -biotin -immunogold conjugated immunoglobulins -silver enhancement (IGSS) detection system. Double staining of PV antigen and nucleic acid on the same section was achieved. Synthetic oligonucleotides offer an exciting new tool for diagnostic virology, worthy of exploitation in many systems. Implantation of human foreskin infected with HPV -11 was shown to provide an animal model, albeit technically difficult, in which HPV could be produced, but a more practical technique of productive HPV infection in vitro is still required if the biology and pathogenesis of HPV infections is to be clarified further.
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Raleigh, Sarah Elizabeth. "Hispanic Parents' Knowledge, Attitudes and Beliefs Toward Human Papillomavirus and Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Arizona." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/612848.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a sexually transmitted infection that represents a serious health issue that can lead to significant morbidity and mortality. Although FDA-approved vaccines for the prevention against the majority of strains responsible for cervical cancer and genital warts have been available for many years, immunization rates remain low. This study will consider cervical cancer as the main consequence of HPV and thus will investigate parents of daughters. This is of particular relevance to Arizona, given the large Hispanic population and the racial and ethnic disparities that exist in the incidence, mortality and survival of cervical cancer when compared to the national average. Administration of the three-dose series is recommended for girls and boys beginning at 12 years of age. The target population of this study was parents as the HPV vaccine necessitates parental consent and immunization rates remain low. This study specifically aimed to explore the knowledge, attitudes and beliefs of Hispanic parents in Maricopa County toward the HPV vaccine in efforts to identify barriers to immunization and create future implications for practice. Findings were consistent with previous literature: Hispanic parents exhibited suboptimal knowledge regarding HPV and HPV vaccination. Specific opportunities for education include the etiology, transmission and health consequences of HPV. Despite many areas for education, the majority of Hispanic parents indicated they would follow their health providers' recommendation on vaccination.
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Moberg, Martin. "Human Papillomavirus Load and Cervical Carcinoma." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2004. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4256.
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Geijersstam, Veronika af. "Dynamics of oncogenic human papillomavirus infection /." Stockholm, 2000. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2000/91-628-4459-8/.
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Browne, Helena Margaret. "Studies on human papillomavirus type 16." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.238642.
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Varsani, Arvind. "Development of candidate Human papillomavirus vaccines." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5970.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Bibliography: leaves 180-218.<br>The objective of this thesis was to investigate novel and plant-based vaccines against the Human papillomavirus type 16 (HPV-16), which is primarily responsible for cervical cancer. As a first study, the L1 gene of a South Africna variant of HPV-16 (L1 504) and a mutant (504[ΔA266T]), where the alanine at 266 was mutated to a threonine, were expressed in insect cells by recombinant baculovirus, and the resulting virus-like particles (VLPs) were tested with a panel of well-characterised monoclonal antibodies (Mabs).
15
Nielson, Carrie. "Human Papillomavirus Prevalence in Asymptomatic Men." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194193.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the sexually transmitted etiologic agent of cervical cancer. While HPV infects both men and women, little is known about HPV infection in men. Specifically, knowledge of the prevalence of type-specific HPV infection and the distribution of these infections by anogenital anatomic site in men is incomplete. Evaluation of factors associated with HPV infection based on complete anogenital sampling and with HPV-16 antibody detection may lead to a better understanding of HPV transmission and prevention.Methods: A total of 493 asymptomatic men ages 18 to 40 years old were recruited in Tucson, Arizona, and Tampa, Florida, from 2003 to 2006. Eligibility requirements included having had sex with a woman within the past year and having no history of genital warts. Testing for HPV from anogenital swabs from six anatomic sites and semen was conducted by PCR and reverse line blot genotyping for 37 HPV types. Serum antibodies for HPV-16 were detected by ELISA. Self-administered demographic, health, and sexual history/behavior questionnaires were collected. HPV prevalence and type distributions by anatomic site were calculated, as was seroprevalence of HPV-16 antibodies. Multivariate logistic regression was used to identify independent risk factors for HPV infection at any anatomic site and for having HPV-16 antibodies.Results: HPV was detected in at least one sample for 303 (65.4%) men, with 29.2% of men having an oncogenic infection and 36.3% having a non-oncogenic infection. Multiple HPV types were detected in 27.2% of men. Factors associated with infection were a greater lifetime number of female sexual partners, currently smoking 10 or more cigarettes per day, lack of condom use, and more sexual partners in the past three months. HPV-16 antibodies were detected in the serum of 63 (12.8%) men, and detection was associated with increasing age and concurrent detection of HPV DNA in perianal or anal canal samples.Discussion: The combination of more complete anogenital sampling and sensitive HPV detection for 37 HPV types resulted in a higher HPV prevalence in asymptomatic men than previously reported. Smoking and condom use were the most important modifiable risk factors for HPV in men. These results have implications for research of HPV transmission.
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Cranston, Ross Douglas. "Clinical and molecular aspects of anal human papillomavirus, human papillomavirus associated anal squamous intraepithelial lesions, and anal cancer." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29078.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In a population of men who have sex with men (MSM), anal HPV is common with 61% of HIV-negative and 93% of HIV-positive men testing positive for the virus using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. MSM also have high rates of anal dysplasia, the putative precursor of anal cancer. The goal of this thesis is to describe clinical and molecular aspects of anal human papillomavirus, and its associated anal lesions, and has four main aims. Identification of risk factors for the development of anal cancer: high-grade anal dysplasia may be a risk factor or marker for the subsequent development of anal cancer and in the context of long-standing HIV infection, anal cancer may be diagnosed at an earlier age than in the general population. Investigation of the efficacy of self-taken and cytology swabs: a population of MSM with previous experience of anal cytology testing and anal biopsy with only written instructions are capable of self-collecting samples with sensitivity comparable to experienced clinicians. In addition the sensitivity of anal cytology collected by clinicians and subjects to detect AIN 2 or 3 on biopsy was comparable. Thus self-collected anal cytology may allow high-risk populations to be screened outside of a medical setting. Investigation of the feasibility of cytokine detection by reverse transcription PCR: likely due to the nature of the samples, RNA purity was low with resulting multiplicity of bands with PCR production was run on agarose gel. Likely causes for experimental failure include faecal contamination of specimens, and low quantities of investigational cytokines in cytology specimens. Investigation of the prevalence of age-related anal HPV and anal cytological abnormality in a cohort of HIV-negative MSM: This study illustrated for the first time the epidemiology of anal HPV infection and anal cytological diagnoses in a population of HIV-negative MSM recruited from a wide age-range.
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Richardson, Lyndsay. "Human Papillomavirus DNA testing with cytology triage in cervical screening: Influence of revealed versus concealed Human Papillomavirus Status." Thesis, McGill University, 2011. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=104865.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction: The causal association between Human Papillomavirus (HPV) and cervical cancer has enabled developments in modern cervical screening technologies. In place of traditional Papanicolaou (Pap) testing as the sole screening modality, support is mounting for primary screening via tests for HPV DNA detection, reserving Pap cytology for triage of HPV-positive women. Since interpretation of Pap smears is a subjective procedure, revealing HPV-positivity may influence cytotechnician assessments of cellular abnormalities. Objectives: We simulated the HPV/Pap triage algorithm within three different screening populations with the objective of assessing and comparing diagnostic properties (sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values) of Pap cytology as a triage test when cytotechnicians are made aware of the patient's cervical HPV status. Methods: We conducted a post-hoc analysis of previously collected cervical slides and clinical data from (A) the Canadian Cervical Cancer Screening Trial (CCCaST), (B) a screening study from the Democratic Republic of Congo, and (C) the Brazilian Investigation into Nutrition and Cervical Cancer Prevention (BRINCA). Cervical slides were obtained and re-read with knowledge of HPV status for all HPV-positive and a control sample of HPV-negative women. Comparisons were made between original Pap readings (HPV-concealed) and Pap re-reads (HPV-revealed). Where appropriate, verification bias was corrected for.Results: A total of 1767 smears were re-read. Among 915 re-reads for HPV-positive women, contrast between revealed and concealed Pap readings demonstrated upgrades from negative to positive for n=109 and n=124 at cut-offs ASC-US and LSIL, respectively. Re-reads led to increases in false-positives which reduced Pap re-read specificity. At disease endpoint CIN2+, specificity significantly declined at the ASC-US cut-off for studies (A) 86.6% to 75.3% and (C) 42.5% to 15.5%, and at LSIL cut-off for study (C) 61.9% to 37.6%. Sensitivity remained nearly unchanged between readings, with an exception in study (C) where re-read performance was superior (91.3% vs. 71.9%, LSIL cut-off). Overall findings were similar for disease endpoint CIN3+.Conclusions: We observed declines in Pap specificity when HPV-positivity was revealed, possibly due to heightened awareness of potential abnormalities. Utility of Pap cytology in triage context will require strict quality control adherence and performance may benefit from a higher threshold cut-off (e.g. LSIL).<br>Introduction: La relation de causalité entre virus du papillome humain (VPH) et cancer du col de l'utérus a permis des développements dans les technologies modernes de dépistage du col utérin. Au lieu de traditionnel de Papanicolaou (Pap) les essais, comme la modalité de dépistage unique, le soutien est de montage pour le dépistage primaire par des tests de dépistage du VPH détection de l'ADN, se réservant de cytologie pour le triage des femmes HPV-positives. Depuis l'interprétation du test de Papanicolaou est une procédure subjective, révélant la positivité HPV peuvent influer sur les évaluations cytotechniciens des anomalies cellulaires. Objectifs: Nous avons simulé le VPH algorithme avec de triage de Pap dans les trois populations de dépistage différents avec l'objectif d'évaluer et de comparer des propriétés diagnostiques (sensibilité, spécificité, valeurs positives et négatives prédictives) de cytologie comme un test de triage où cytotechniciens sont mis au courant du patient col de l'utérus statut HPV. Méthodes: Nous avons effectué une analyse post-hoc de diapositives précédemment recueillies col de l'utérus et des données cliniques à partir de (A) du Canada Cancer du col de première instance de dépistage (CCCaST), (B) une étude de dépistage de la République démocratique du Congo, et (C) du Brésil L'enquête sur la nutrition et la prévention du cancer du col (BRINCA). Diapositives col de l'utérus ont été obtenues et relu avec la connaissance du statut HPV pour tous les HPV-positif et un échantillon de contrôle des femmes HPV-négatives. Le cas échéant, un biais de vérification a été corrigé. Résultats: Un total de 1767 frottis ont été re-lire. Parmi les 915 relit pour les femmes HPV-positives, les contrastes entre révélé et caché lectures Pap démontré des améliorations de négatif à positif pour n = 109 et n = 124 à seuils ASC-US et LSIL, respectivement. Re-lit entraîné une augmentation des faux positifs, qui réduit les estimations de la spécificité. Au CIN2 point de terminaison maladie ou plus, la spécificité considérablement diminué au ASC-US de coupure pour les études (A) 86,6% à 75,3% et (C) 42,5% à 15,5%, et à LSIL seuil pour l'étude (C) 61,9% à 37,6 %. Sensibilité est resté pratiquement inchangé entre les lectures, avec une exception dans l'étude (C) où la performance de relire était supérieur (91,3% vs 71,9%, LSIL cut-off). L'ensemble des résultats ont été similaires pour les CIN3 ou plus point de terminaison maladie. Conclusions: Nous avons observé des baisses de la spécificité Pap quand HPV-positivité a été révélé, probablement à cause de prise de conscience des anomalies potentielles. Utilitaire de Pap cytologie dans le context de triage, il faudra l'adhésion stricte contrôle de la qualité et les performances peuvent bénéficier d'un seuil plus élevé de coupure (LSIL, par exemple).
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Weyn, Christine. "Human papillomavirus prevalence and expression in trophoblastic and cervical cells." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210012.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a double-stranded DNA virus, typically infecting mucosal or cutaneous epithelial keratinocytes. Today, more than 118 different HPV types have been formally described. Sexual transmission of mucosal HPVs is very common and generally asymptomatic, but HPV infection can be associated with benign lesions such as condylomata acuminata or, in rare cases, with malignant lesions such as cervical cancer. Two prophylactic vaccines are currently available in Europe, protecting against HPV-16 and HPV-18 (Cervarix&63720;) or against HPV-6, HPV-11, HPV-16 and HPV-18 (Gardasil&63720;). In order to assess the impact of the vaccination program, it is mandatory to obtain geographically widespread date on the baseline HPV prevalence and type distribution in cervical samples from women, presenting or not, normal or abnormal cytologic or histologic results. We undertook an epidemiological study in the Capital Region of Brussels to determine the HPV prevalence and type-distribution in 1526 cervical samples of women presenting a cytology within normal limits (WINL), atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US), low-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions (LSIL), high-grade squamous intra-epithelial lesions (HSIL) or invasive cervical cancer (ICC). The HPV prevalence was 10.8% (95%CI: 8.8-12.8) for NILM, 34.5% (95%CI: 28.3-40.8) for ASC-US, 54.0% (95%CI: 47.4-60.6) for LSIL and 100% for HSIL and ICC. With an HPV-16 and HPV-18 prevalence of 63.3% (95%CI: 44.1-67.7) and 73.5% (95%CI: 63.0-84.0) in mono-infected HSIL and ICC, respectively, HPV 16/18 L1 VLP vaccines would be expected to significantly reduce the management and treatment of women suffering from HSIL and ICC in the Capital Region of Brussels. We also detected HPV-30, HPV-53, HPV-66 and HPV-68 in mono-infected HSIL and ICC samples, possibly providing arguments for the reconsideration of the carcinogenicity of these types. <p>Vertical transmission of HPV was also previously reported, but in most cases one could not exclude a placental contamination by HPV positive cells from an infected birth canal. In order to confirm that the placenta can be infected with HPV, we analysed residual cells from 35 transabdominally obtained placental samples from pregnant women undergoing chorionic villous sampling for screening of suspected foetal abnormalities and found that two samples were positive for HPV-16 and HPV-62, respectively. The clinical importance of these results remains to be elucidated, but the previously observed association between placental HPV infection and pregnancy loss might gain further in importance. HPV gene regulation in placental trophoblastic cells has not been studied so far. We studied the HPV-16 early gene expression regulation in transiently transfected monolayer cultured trophoblastic cells with an HPV-16 long control region (LCR) driven reporter plasmid. We observed important differences in constitutive HPV-16 LCR activities between trophoblastic cell lines and could identify progesterone as an important inducer of HPV-16 early gene expression. Steroid hormones are induced during pregnancy and could therefore lead to an enhanced expression of the E5, E6 and E7 proteins upon placental HPV infection. Since these proteins were previously shown to affect trophoblast adhesion, survival, migration and invasion, their enhanced expression might eventually contribute to pregnancy loss. We furthermore found that the transcription of episomally maintained HPV-16 is not regulated by E2 or E1, but by E5, E6 and/or E7. <p><br>Doctorat en Sciences biomédicales et pharmaceutiques<br>info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Higgins, Geoffrey David. "Human papillomavirus RNA transcripts in anogenital neoplasia /." Title page, contents and outline only, 1991. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PH/09phh6358.pdf.
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Hirsch, Brooke Bishop. "Structural studies of human papillomavirus capsid proteins /." Connect to full text via ProQuest. Limited to UCD Anschutz Medical Campus, 2007.
Cerca il testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (Ph.D. in Molecular Biology) -- University of Colorado Denver, 2007.<br>Typescript. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 96-117). Free to UCD affiliates. Online version available via ProQuest Digital Dissertations;
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Jarrell, Jennifer C. "Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Policy in the U.S." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2007. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/iph_theses/30.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
HPV vaccine school entry mandates and vaccine funding by state was examined using the Diffusion of Innovations (DOI) theory. The DOI was applied to HPV immunization policy to evaluate the rate of vaccine adoption and to determine whether associations existed between an empirical need for vaccine adoption and action by the states. State-level data on political characteristics, health and policy were collected from several secondary sources. Data analyses were performed utilizing SPSS logistic regression models. Odds rations were used to evaluate the associations between the independent and dependent variables to determine whether there was a statistical significance level of .05. Cervical Cancer incidence in a state was significantly associated with HPV school entry mandates (proposed or enacted), but it did not show a significant association with HPV vaccine funding. Diffusion of vaccine innovation is slow, which may offer additional opportunities to evaluate effective policy strategies for coverage and use of the HPV vaccine.
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Woodrow, Sarah Louise. "Mechanisms of human papillomavirus-induced benign proliferation." Thesis, University of London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.405572.
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Marongiu, L. "Human papillomavirus genome status in cervical samples." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1427690/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Infection with oncogenic Papillomavirus genotypes is considered a major risk factor for the development of cervical cancer; nonetheless only a small proportion of the infected patients actually develop malignancies. The specific identification of high grade lesions is pivotal to increase the effectiveness of the cervical cancer screening. In the present study promising candidate molecular biomarkers based on the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) genomes were assessed in a cross-sectional cohort formed by samples singly infected with the most prevalent oncogenic genotypes 16, 18, 31 and 45. The candidate markers under investigation were the DNA viral load (VL), viral CpG methylation and viral integration. For the HPV16 samples, sequence variation within the regulatory region was also assessed. The viral integration was evaluated in a smaller longitudinal set. The results obtained showed that the DNA VL was lowest in subclinical lesions. The viral methylation was highest in severe dysplastic samples and differences in methylation profiles were observed between HPV species. The viral integration displayed a significant depletion of HPV16 episomal forms in cancerous lesions and the presence of viral integrants in all cytology grades. The analysis of the HPV16 variants identified eight novel polymorphisms and mutations profiles were specifically recovered in high grade cervical lesions. It was concluded that the viral genome modifications allowed the prediction of the cervical lesions. The combination of the molecular markers might allow a higher clinical specificity in the identification of cervical cancer precursor lesions.
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Hillman, R. J. "Aspects of the epidemiology of human papillomavirus." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/21303.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The objective of this thesis was to investigate various aspects of the epidemiology of human papillomavirus (HPV). Prospective studies were performed on a total of 334 patients attending to genitourinary medicine departments in London. The patients had either clinical indications for genital biopsy, urethral gonorrhoea, anogenital warts or a current partner with anogenital warts. Biopsy, scrape, swab and blood samples were taken. In addition, a new method, the "Superglue (SG) technique" was devised. HPV types 6, 11, 16, 18, 31 and 33 were identified in the specimens by DNA extraction followed by the polymerase chain reaction, Southern blotting and hybridisation. HPV DNA was detected in 31.8 to 96.6% of biopsies with histological evidence of wart virus infection, 83.3% of biopsies with neoplasia and 18.2% of those with other histological changes. HPV DNA was detected in 31.3 to 61.1% of urethral loop specimens, 18.0 to 24.8% of urethral swab specimens, 6.3 to 12.5% of urine specimens, 37.5% of vaginal washes and 21.4% of rectal swab specimens. Fifty percent of samples obtained with the SG technique containing human cells had detectable HPV DNA. HPV types 6 and 11 tended to be found in biopsies from lesions clinically associated with HPV infection and in the urethras of men with warts seen near the urinary meatus. HPV types 16 and 18 tended to be found in specimens obtained by techniques other than the biopsy method and from clinically atypical lesions. Infections with multiple HPV types were common. Different sites from one patient sometimes had HPV types in common.
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Nash, Ashley. "Predictors of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Georgia." ScholarWorks, 2017. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/4084.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Although the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine has been approved by the Federal Drug Administration (FDA) and is available for males and females, completion of the 3-shot series in Georgia remains relatively low. The purpose of this study was to examine the predictors of HPV vaccination initiation and completion for male and female adolescents, ages 13 to 17 years old, in Georgia between 2013 and 2015. The theoretical foundation of the study was the structural model of health behavior which is an ecological model. Logistic regression was performed to determine if there was any relationship between the independent variables of parental knowledge, providers' recommendation, and physical access to vaccination sites, and the dependent variables of vaccination initiation and completion while controlling for and separately testing the impact of age, race, and gender. The data sets from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Immunization Survey-Teen from 2013-2015 were used. There was no significant difference in HPV vaccination initiation or completion for any of the 3 years that were analyzed related to parental knowledge, as indicated by a p-value.
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Gaspar, Joice. "Perfil sociodemográfico e clínico de mulheres com infecção genital pelo Papilomavirus humano atendidas em um hospital de referência do interior paulista." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/22/22132/tde-26092013-151558/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introdução: A infecção pelo Papilomavirus humano (HPV) enquadra-se como um problema de saúde pública, sendo considerada a infecção sexualmente transmissível (IST) mais comum. Estima-se, mundialmente, que aproximadamente 600 milhões de pessoas possuam o vírus do HPV e que em torno de 75 a 80% das pessoas adquiram- no em algum momento da vida. Objetivo: Analisar os aspectos sociodemográficos e clínicos em mulheres com infecção genital pelo HPV associando-os com o tipo de lesão genital e a sorologia reagente ou não reagente para o HIV e avaliar o seguimento clínico de mulheres com lesão intraepitelial de alto grau (HSIL) causada pelo HPV, que foram submetidas à cirurgia de alta frequência (CAF). Metodologia: Estudo transversal, retrospectivo, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado no Serviço de Moléstias Infecciosas em Ginecologia e Obstetrícia (SEMIGO) do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto da Universidade de São Paulo (HCFMRP- USP). Foram estudadas 1027 mulheres com diagnóstico de infecção genital pelo HPV, nas suas expressões lesão intraepitelial de baixo grau (LSIL), HSIL, condilomatoses (vulvar, vaginal, cervical e perianal), ou por identificação de sequências de DNA- HPV por meio de técnicas de biologia molecular. Foram elaborados dois formulários estruturados especificamente para este estudo, um referente às variáveis sociodemográficas e clínicas e outro ao seguimento clínico, ambos validados quanto à forma e conteúdo por três especialistas em infecção por HPV. A coleta de dados foi realizada por meio de consulta ao banco de dados eletrônico do local de estudo, elaborado com o software File Maker Pro 11. A população foi caracterizada por meio de estatística descritiva e os dados foram processados e analisados pelo software Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) versão 16.0 for Windows. Para verificar a associação, realizou-se o teste qui-quadrado e análise de regressão logística com cálculo de odds ratio e com intervalo de confiança de 95%. Resultados: A faixa etária predominante foi entre 20 e 29 anos 387 (37,7%), 662 (64,4%) mulheres eram de etnia branca, 597 (58,1%) eram casadas ou viviam como casadas, 438 (42,6%) possuíam de cinco a oito anos de estudo e 529 (51,5%) exerciam atividade não remunerada. Quanto ao tipo de lesão, 237 (23,0%) mulheres possuíam LSIL, 391 (38,1%) HSIL, 349 (34,0%) condiloma e 50 (4,9%) diagnóstico de HPV por meio técnicas de biologia molecular. Observou-se maior probabilidade de soropositividade para o HIV em mulheres não brancas (p<0,01; OR=1,990; IC=1,392-2,843), que estudaram de 0 a 4 anos (OR=4,384; IC=1,706-11,266), viúvas (p<0,01; OR=4,223; IC=1,869-9,542), que fumavam (p<0,01; OR=2,389; IC=1,660-3,437), que tiveram mais de 10 parceiros sexuais (p<0,01, OR=3,487, IC=2,170-5,602) e que se prostituíam (p=0,0039, OR=3,699, IC=1,434-9,540). Em relação ao seguimento clínico de mulheres com HSIL submetidas à CAF, o comparecimento aos retornos pré-estabelecidos diminuiu com o passar do tempo. Conclusão: Faz-se necessário assegurar o acesso das mulheres a um exame preventivo de qualidade, através de programas de rastreamento eficientes, bem como garantir seu seguimento clínico.<br>Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is considered a public health issue, at it is the most common sexually transmitted infection (STI). Globally, it is estimated that 600,000,000 people carry HPV, and that around 75 to 80% of people will be infected in their lifetime. Objective: To analyze the sociodemographic and clinical aspects of women with genital HPV infection, associate those aspects with the type of genital lesion and a positive or negative test result for HIV, evaluate the clinical follow-up of women with high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) caused by HPV, who had been submitted to loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP). Methodology: This cross-sectional, retrospective study was performed, using a quantitative approach, at SEMIGO (Portuguese acronyms standing for Gynecology and Obstetrics Infectious Disease Clinic) of the Ribeirão Preto Faculty of Medicine University Hospital (University of São Paulo). The study subjects were 1027 women diagnosed with genital HPV infection, as low-grade squamous epithelial lesions (LSIL), HSIL, condylomatosis (vulvar, vaginal, cervical and perianal), or by identifying DNA-HPV sequences using molecular biology techniques. Two structured questionnaires were designed specifically for this study; one referring to the sociodemographic and clinical variables, and the other to the clinical follow-up, both validated regarding form and content by three HPV infection experts. Data collection was performed through a survey on the electronic database of the study location, using File Maker Pro 11. The population was characterized by descriptive statistics and the data were processed and analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) for Windows, version 16.0. The chi-square test and logistic regression analysis were used to verify the association, calculating the odds ration and considering a confidence interval of 95%. Results: Most women (387 or 37.7%) were between 20 and 29 years old, 662 (64.4%) were white, 597 (58.1%) were married or lived in common-law, 438 (42.6%) had one to five years of education, and 529 (51.5%) were unemployed. Regarding the type of lesion, 237 (23.0%) women had LSIL, 391 (38.1%) HSIL, 349 (34.0%) condyloma, and 50 (4.9%) were diagnosed for HPV by molecular biology techniques. It was observed that women were more likely to be infected by HIV if they were not white (p<0.01; OR=1.990; CI=1.392-2.843), had 0 to 4 years of education (OR=4.384; CI=1.706-11.266), were widowed (p<0.01; OR=4.223; CI=1.869-9.542), smoked (p<0.01; OR=2.389; CI=1.660-3.437), had over 10 sexual partners (p<0.01, OR=3.487, CI=2.170-5.602) and were prostitutes (p=0.0039, OR=3.699, CI=1.434-9.540). In terms of the clinical follow-up of women with HSIL submitted to LEEP, their attendance to appointments reduced over time. Conclusion: It is necessary to guarantee women accessibility to high-quality preventive exams through effective screening programs, in addition to ensuring their clinical follow-up.
27
Cheung, Ying Kit. "Study of the immunity of a human papillomavirus vaccine candidate /." View Abstract or Full-Text, 2003. http://library.ust.hk/cgi/db/thesis.pl?BIOL%202003%20CHEUNG.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (M. Phil.)--Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, 2003.<br>Includes bibliographical references (leaves 112-129). Also available in electronic version. Access restricted to campus users.
28
Bryan, Donna Sarah. "Regulation of interleukin-6 activity in human keratinocytes by human papillomavirus." Thesis, Queen Mary, University of London, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.286270.
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29
Seagar, Amie-Louise. "The role of human papillomavirus in cervical disease." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/25171.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The work presented in this thesis was performed to investigate the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) testing for improved detection of cervical neoplasia in the Scottish Screening Programme (CSP). A longitudinal study of 975 archived cervical smears from women who had histologically-confirmed cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) showed that HPV positivity using Hybrid Capture Assay II (HCAII) was found to increase with increased cytological abnormality and 18% overall contained high-risk HPV (HR-HPV) DNA. Retrospective analysis of cytology data showed that the positive predictive value (PPV) of cytology alone for the detection of significant cervical disease was 71% while that of HPV testing alone was 38%. Combined cytology and HPV testing before biopsy would have increased the PPV to 78%. However, the negative predictive value (NPV) of a negative HR-HPV result with normal cytology was 100%. These results suggested that HPV testing may have a greater role in the exclusion of severe cervical diseases rather than as a predictor of its presence. In a split-sample study, comparing conventional Pan smears and liquid-based cytology (LBC), monolayer preparations from LBC samples reduced the inadequacy rate from 7.3% to 2%. LBC also reduced the number of borderline smear reports from 7.9% to 4.2% and increased the number of severe cytological abnormalities detected. The clinical value of LBC was further endorsed in the direct-to-vial study where LBC replaced conventional smears within the cervical screening programme. Monolayer preparations from over 4700 LBC samples showed a reduction in the inadequacy rate from around 10% to less than 1%. This reduced the level of anxiety in women and provided savings in repeat clinic visits for patients, repeat samples for laboratories and administrative time at both sites. HPV testing would be a useful adjunct to cytology for improved management of women with borderline smear results. In the split sample study, 44.3% of women with a previous borderline or low-grade cervical abnormality were HR-HPV DNA positive. However, if all 110 HPV negative women had been managed by routine recall than only two cases of CIN1 would have been missed while 160 repeat visits and smears would have been saved. This clearly has benefits for both patients and clinicians at the primary care level and HPV-based triage has the potential to significantly reduce referrals to colposcopy.
30
Healey, Sylvia M. "Human papillomavirus infection and cervical dysplasia in Nunavut." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2000. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape4/PQDD_0011/MQ52906.pdf.
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Mistry, Nitesh. "Human papillomavirus tropism : determinants of viral tissue specificity." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Univ, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-1149.
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Siliņš, Ilvars. "Molecular epidemiology of human papillomavirus and cervical cancer /." Stockholm : [Karolinska institutets bibl.], 2001. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2001/91-7349-091-1/.
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Jarrell, Jennifer C. "Human papillomavirus vaccine policy in the United States." unrestricted, 2007. http://etd.gsu.edu/theses/available/etd-12052007-202826/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis (M.P.H.)--Georgia State University, 2007.<br>Title from file title page. Russ Toal, committee chair; Michael Eriksen, Cristen J. Suhr, committee members. Electronic text (76 p. : ill., col. map) : digital, PDF file. Description based on contents viewed Feb. 25, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 66-72).
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Šepetienė, Agnė. "Cervical intraepithelial lesions and integration of human papillomavirus." Doctoral thesis, Lithuanian Academic Libraries Network (LABT), 2011. http://vddb.laba.lt/obj/LT-eLABa-0001:E.02~2011~D_20110307_144558-96943.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This dissertation observes the association between human papillomavirus (HPV) integration into the host cell genome and cervical intraepithelial lesions. The aim of this study is to determine how the grade of HPV16 DNA integration into the host cell genome (HPV E2 gene deletion) is related to cervical intraepithelial lesions. 253 women were screened for HPV infection and the majority was diagnosed with HPV type 16. The most frequently determined was HPV grade II integration. No statistically significant difference was defined while analyzing the relations between the status of HPV E2 gene integration and the grade of cervical intraepithelial lesions. The fact that integration of HPV type 16 was determined in low grade cervical squamous intraepithelial lesions or in cases with no intraepithelial lesions shows that virus integration occurs at the early stage of carcinogenesis. It is noteworthy that during the follow-up (secondary visit after 6 month) 50% of HPV positive women were identified with mRNR expression which probably establishes the presence of persistent active HPV infection. The research provided is highly significant for improvement of cervical cancer screening programms. Adjusting Pap smear, HPV DNA detection and determination of other HPV biomarkers (such as E2 gene deletion mRNR), it becomes possible to separate out HPV positive women with no clinical signs, although, belonging to the of high risk group for cervical carcinoma developing.<br>Disertacijoje nagrinėjama sąsaja tarp žmogaus papilomos viruso (ŽPV) integracijos į gimdos kaklelio epitelio ląstelių genomą ir intraepitelinių gimdos kaklelio pokyčių. Pagrindinis darbo tikslas – nustatyti, kaip 16 tipo ŽPV DNR integracijos laipsnis (ŽPV E2 geno iškrita) susijęs su intraepiteliniais gimdos kaklelio pokyčiais. Ištyrus 253 moteris nustatyta, kad dauguma moterų buvo infekuotos 16 tipo ŽPV. Dažniausiai nustatyta II laipsnio šio tipo ŽPV integracija. Statistiškai reikšmingo skirtumo analizuojant sąsajas tarp ŽPV E2 geno integracijos pobūdžio ir intraepitelinių gimdos kaklelio pokyčių laipsnio nenustatyta. Tai, kad integruotų 16 tipo ŽPV formų nustatyta esant nežymių arba net nesant intraepitelinių gimdos kaklelio pokyčių, rodo, jog viruso integracija yra ankstyvasis kancerogenezės įvykis. Pažymėtina, kad pakartotinio patikrinimo metu 50 proc. ŽPV infekuotų moterų konstatuota mRNR raiška, kas rodo besitęsiančią aktyvią ŽPV infekciją. Atliktas tyrimas yra svarbus gerinant patikros dėl gimdos kaklelio patologijos programas: derinant Pap testą ir ŽPV DNR bei kitų ŽPV žymenų nustatymą (mRNR, E2 geno iškrita) galima atrinkti infekuotas ŽPV moteris, kurioms dar nėra klinikinių požymių, tačiau jos priklauso didelės rizikos susirgti gimdos kaklelio vėžiu grupei.
35
Massimi, Paola. "Functional studies of the human papillomavirus E7 protein." Thesis, Open University, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.300324.
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Carlotti, Franco Paul. "The E7 protein of Human Papillomavirus Type 16." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.308419.
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Yeudall, W. Andrew. "Human papillomavirus types in oral squamous cell carcinogenesis." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1991. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/40921/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The DNAs of human papillomavirus (HPV) types 4, 16 and 18 have been detected in biopsies of normal and malignant human oral mucosa by Southern blot hybridisation and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). By the former technique HPV-4, HPV-16 and HPV-18 DNAs were detected in three separate carcinomas, but only found in adjacent dysplastic and normal tissue by PCR. The PCR technique also allowed detection of HPV-16 and HPV-18 DNA in additional carcinomas and normal samples. The oral HPV-4 DNA has been molecularly cloned and extensive restriction analysis and nucleotide sequencing showed identity with the prototype HPV-4 DNA. The HPV-18 DNA detected by Southern blot hybridisation showed an altered restriction pattern in the El region of the viral genome; however direct nucleotide sequencing of PCR products from the E6 ORF showed no sequence alterations in either normal or malignant samples. HPV-16 DNA detected in one carcinoma by Southern blot hybridisation revealed altered PstI and Hpall restriction patterns as compared with the prototype viral genome. The expected 2.6kb Hpall and 1.55kb PstI bands, which overlap, were absent, and an additional band of reduced molecular weight was visible in the Hpall digest, suggesting that the oral HPV-16 genome had undergone a deletion or rearrangement. In a further two carcinoma samples positive for HPV-16 DNA by PCR, amplification of a late region fragment of the viral genome produced fragments of reduced molecular weight. When these PCR fragments were used as probes, hybridisation was observed to the 1.78kb PstI and 1.81kb Hpall-BamHI bands of HPV-16 DNA, and also (as a smear) to human genomic DNA from both tumour and normal samples. This suggests that the viral DNA in these samples had undergone recombination events with repetitive cellular sequences, perhaps as a prelude to viral integration or as a means of activating cellular genes. A keratinocyte culture (T45) derived from an oral squamous cell carcinoma was found to be non-tumorigenic in vivo. PCR analysis revealed that a proportion of cells in the culture contained HPV-16 early sequences. The establishment of HPV-positive and HPV-negative clones from this culture will provide an excellent system for studying the role of viral and cellular factors in oral squamous cell carcinogenesis.
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Altaparmakova, Mary Collette. "Human papillomavirus early proteins and cellular DNA replication." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.615159.
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39
Forster, A. S. "The human papillomavirus immunisation programme and sexual behaviour." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2011. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1301995/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The introduction of human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination has caused some parents to report concern that their daughters may change their sexual behaviour following vaccination. This concern consistently relates to vaccination acceptance, but had not been investigated in detail. Accordingly, five studies addressed the thesis objective: to explore parents’ concern about adolescent sexual behaviour following HPV vaccination in the context of the UK immunisation programme and to examine whether such concerns were justifiable. The first study examined discussions of risky sexual behaviour and HPV vaccination in news articles published over five years in British newspapers. The second study investigated mothers’ concern about their daughters engaging in risky sexual behaviour after vaccination by questioning a sample of mothers. The third study explored whether adolescents would interpret vaccination consent from parents as carte blanche approval for sexual activity, by surveying 162 girls. The fourth study prospectively investigated the impact of HPV vaccination and a fifth study compared differences between vaccinated girls and girls who had not been offered the vaccine. Concern about the impact of HPV vaccination on sexual behaviour was raised and countered in the media. A minority of mothers were apprehensive about girls’ sexual behaviour following vaccination, however these concerns did not relate to vaccine acceptance. Before the vaccination programme was introduced, some adolescents would infer implicit consent to sexual activity if their parents were to consent to vaccination but most would also take positive messages. Once the HPV immunisation programme was underway, girls’ sexual behaviour did not become more negative following vaccination, despite perceptions of risk lowering. Parents’ concerns may have resulted in reluctance to discuss sex with their daughters in the context of HPV vaccination so that implicit messages of approval for sexual activity are not conveyed. Risk perceptions were pertinent in HPV vaccination acceptability and when exploring behaviour change. These findings may help reduce resistance to HPV vaccination. Implications for theory and practice are discussed.
40
Wall, Sion Richard. "Host-virus interactions in human papillomavirus mediated disease." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2004. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/55555/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Human Papillomavirus (HPV) is the cause of a wide spectrum of disease ranging from benign cutaneous warts to malignant anogenital tumours. Two notable features of HPV diseases are that the viruses are highly tissue specific of individual HPV types and the fact that while HPV infections are common only a minority of infected individuals manifest clinical disease, indicating the importance of host virus interactions. In this thesis two HPV mediated diseases have been examined in detail, cervical cancer and Recurrent Respiratory Papillomatosis. Cervical cancer is a major cause of mortality in women in developing nations. In these countries cervical screening programmes are impractical for logistical reasons and there is much interest in the feasibility of developing preventative vaccines. However, before such agents can be developed it must be established that the same HPV types that cause cervical cancer in industrialised nations are associated with cervical cancer in developing nations and that the local clades of HPV have the same amino acid sequence as putative vaccine strains. This thesis presents a study of the prevalence of cervical HPV infection, HPV type distribution and viral genetics carried out in a previously unstudied population of 934 women in rural Gambia. A high cervical HPV prevalence is observed, the most common high risk types were found to be HPV-16 & -35, the former being the most common high risk type worldwide and the latter this study show may be underestimated in African populations. Sequencing of the HPV L1 open reading frames provided data which may have implications for vaccine research. RRP is a rare disease characterised by the presence of papillomata on the larynx and other sites in the upper aerodigestive tract. RRP is usually caused by HPV-6 or -11, two viruses more commonly associated with genital warts. RRP is thought to be contracted from the genital tract. However, genital HPV infection is common yet RRP remains a rare disease, therefore other factors either from the virus or the host must modulate disease pathogenesis. In order to elucidate if RRP is caused by unique HPV clades that might be particularly well adapted to the larynx, the L1 major capsid gene and the oncogenes E6 & E7 have been sequenced. In order to establish the sequence of "normal" genital HPV-11 and to exclude regional differences between UK and US HPV-6 and HPV-11, genital wart tissue from 37 UK donors has also been analysed and compared to papilloma material from 53 RRP patients. Significant sequence differences between RRP and Genital Wart E6 & E7 ORF were observed. In order to examine the possible role of host immunogenetic factors in the pathogenesis of RRP, 50 individuals with RRP were then HLA class typed. A significant association between the HLA class II allele DRB*0301 was found along with a negative association with the HLA DQB1*03 allele. Finally, T-cell proliferation studies using Cytokine Bead Array to detect cytokine production revealed that DQBT03 positive donors produce more IFN-y in response to HPV peptides than DQB1*03 negative individuals.
41
Flynn, Áine Sinéad. "Nucleoside analogue drugs and human papillomavirus associated neoplasia." Thesis, Cardiff University, 2013. http://orca.cf.ac.uk/58775/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The anti-viral acyclic nucleoside monophosphate compound Cidofovir has shown efficacy in treatment of Human Papillomavirus (HPV) associated genital intraepithelial neoplasia; however, the mechanism of action of Cidofovir in this setting has not been determined. This investigation focused on modifying nucleoside analogue compounds to increase their efficacy in HPV positive cell models of disease, in addition to determining the molecular mechanism of action of Cidofovir in premalignant HPV associated intraepithelial neoplasia. ProTide modification increases the efficacy of nucleoside analogue compounds by increasing their cellular permeability. Cidofovir was not amenable to ProTide manipulation; however, ProTide derivatives of its sister compounds, Adefovir and Tenofovir, were synthesized. Parent Adefovir and Tenofovir and a range of their respective ProTide modified daughter compounds were examined for inhibition of cell growth and effect on cell size and morphology in HPV positive and negative transformed cell lines. The most effective compounds were further examined for dose response in normal HPV negative untransformed Human Epidermal Keratinocytes (HEKs) and naturally HPV immortalized short term (NHIST) cell lines cloned from vulval and vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia biopsies. ProTide analogues displayed striking increased efficacy in comparison to their parent compounds; however, they did not show specificity to transformed or HPV positive cell lines. Cidofovir did not show specificity to HPV positive cells when examined for growth inhibitory effect in HPV positive and negative cell models. A variety of molecular processes were examined to determine the mechanism by which Cidofovir inhibits cell growth in validated NHIST cell lines and HEK cells. At the concentrations investigated, Cidofovir did not cause apoptosis in HPV positive or negative cells and its growth inhibitory effect appeared likely to be associated with cell cycle arrest or senescence. The effects of radiation on the molecular response induced by Cidofovir were also evaluated as previous studies suggested Cidofovir can function as a radiosensitizer. Cidofovir combined with gamma radiation did not result in apoptosis but was associated with an augmented molecular response in NHIST cell lines. On the contrary, Cidofovir combined with gamma radiation caused a major apoptotic response in HPV negative HEKs, suggesting such a combination could result in disadvantageous effects on healthy tissue if it were used in vivo.
42
Subramaniam, Natasha Marie. "Addressing Human Papillomavirus Vaccination in Primary Care Pediatrics." ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/dissertations/7434.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted disease in the United States. Despite most common transmission, HPV immunization in adolescents remains below target rates of 80% as outlined by Healthy People 2020 Objectives. Nearly all individuals will contract HPV during their lifetime. The purpose of this project was to educate providers on successfully promoting HPV immunization in adolescents utilizing evidence-based methods. The health belief model (HBM) was the theoretical underpinning utilized to teach providers on discussions about 9vHPV immunization with parents of adolescents. The practice focused question explored whether an education program using concepts from the HBM would increase provider perception of preparedness on recommending Gardasil 9 immunization in adolescents. Convenience sampling was utilized to recruit participants. There were 9 out of 25 providers that attended the educational in service with 8 completing the continuing education evaluation tool. Participants included providers who are affiliated and hold privileges with the health care system. Survey Monkey was used to analyze the participant evaluations. All the participants found the educational information relevant to increasing their perception of preparedness on recommending Gardasil 9 immunization in adolescents. The findings suggest that providers would benefit from training on recommending HPV immunization in adolescents. Continued training would help enhance timely immunization rates that could decrease cancer rates and reduce associated healthcare cost, in turn promoting population health and positive social change.
43
Drobni, Peter. "Papillomavirus binding and entry : The heparan sulfate receptor and inhibition by lactoferrin." Doctoral thesis, Umeå : Department of Clinical Microbiology, Virology, Umeå universitet, 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-550.
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44
Zheng, Biying. "Improved human papillomavirus DNA typing methods and biology of cervical cancer /." Stockholm, 2006. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2006/91-7140-795-2/.
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45
Andersson, Sonia. "The role of human papillomavirus in adenocarcinoma of the uterine cervix /." Stockholm, 2002. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2002/91-7349-209-4.
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46
Öberg, Daniel. "The role of polyadenylation in human papillomavirus type 16 late gene expression /." Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl.[distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-4774.
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47
Meys, Rhonda. "Aspects of human papillomavirus (HPV) disease in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/10730.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cutaneous and genital human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in HIV patients, on suppressive anti-retroviral therapy (ART), poses under-investigated clinical challenges. HPV in HIV may represent a form of immune reconstitution associated disease (IRAD). HPV disease and IRADs have been separately correlated with human leucocyte antigen (HLA) genotype. HLA might also influence HPV in HIV. Comprehensive HPV typing of persistent warts obtained from HIV infected and healthy subjects was performed. Cutaneous HPV types were detected using nested PCR/sequencing and newly developed (Luminex based) HSLPCR/ MPG; genital and beta HPV types were identified using a reverse hybridisation line probe assay. Real time PCR was employed to determine HPV DNA viral loads. HLA alleles were defined in HIV infected and healthy patients by Luminex-based molecular typing using DNA derived from blood. The HPV profile of cutaneous and genital HIV warts differs significantly from warts from healthy individuals. In HIV, HPV 7 has been confirmed to be an important HPV type in cutaneous warts (p=0.001). In genital warts in HIV, HPV 11 is the predominant HPV type (p=0.15) and HPV 6 is less common (p=0.002), contrasting with the usual finding that HPV 6 is the principal type in the general population. Cross-over of HPV types between cutaneous and genital sites suggests that HPV tropism is less important than previously thought. An excess of beta HPV types, predominantly as mixed infections, is seen in cutaneous warts in HIV (p<0.0005). The HLA class I allele group HLA-B*44 (as the allele HLA-B*44:02 and the haplotype HLA-B*44, -C*05) has been identified more frequently in HIV than in controls (p=0.004, allele group; p=0.0006, allele; p=0.001, haplotype). The class II allele HLA-DQB1*06 may also be of interest (p=0.03). However, the differences are reduced after correction for multiple testing. Further work is required to ascertain if these HPV types and alleles are of importance.
48
Gu, Zhengming. "Studies on molecular mechanisms of transformation by human papillomavirus : the role of E6 and E5 oncogenes." Thesis, McGill University, 1996. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=40133.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The ability of the HPV-18 E6 gene to impair p53-mediated transcriptional activity induced by DNA damaging agents was investigated. It is demonstrated that E6 can abolish DNA damage induced p53-mediated transcription and that a region from amino acid residue 113 to 117 of HPV-18 E6 protein was necessary for E6 to direct the degradation of p53. The biological importance of the E6/p53 interaction was then directly examined in HPV-16 containing cervical carcinoma derived cells by introducing the monomeric p53 mutant which is resistant to E6 mediated degradation. The two major observations made from this study were: (i) loss of p53 activity plays an important role in maintaining the malignant phenotype of these cells with respect to cell proliferation; (ii) the monomeric p53 mutant without its C-terminal regulatory region was biologically functional with respect to impairing cell proliferation in HPV-16 containing cervical carcinoma derived cells. Finally, it was revealed that the cellular MAP kinase signal transduction pathway was more active in cells expressing the HPV-16 E5 gene than in control cells or cells expressing E6 and E7. These observations help to define the mechanisms by which HPV oncogenes contribute to the development and maintenance of the neoplastic phenotype.
49
Zhao, Xiaomin. "Regulation of Human Papillomavirus Type 16 mRNA Splicing and Polyadenylation." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis : Univ.-bibl. [distributör], 2005. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-5919.
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50
Holguin, Ashlee Cooper. "Determining the Knowledge & Attitudes of 18-to 26- Year Old Women Regarding Cervical Cancer, Human Papillomavirus, and The Human Papillomavirus Vaccine." DigitalCommons@USU, 2009. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/464.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study applied the constructs of the health belief model (HBM) to assess women's knowledge and attitudes (i.e., perceived susceptibility, perceived severity, perceived benefits and perceived barriers) regarding cervical cancer, HPV, and the HPV vaccine and determine whether they predict women's intentions to receive the HPV vaccine. Women aged 18 to 26 years were surveyed from a convenience sample, and were primarily well-educated White women. Using Polytomous Universal Model (PLUM) ordinal regression, it was determined that the constructs of this model could not predict women's intentions of receiving the HPV vaccine.