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Yung, Peter. "Human Movement". Physiotherapy 88, n. 7 (luglio 2002): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9406(05)61287-4.
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Yashiro, K., T. Yamauchi, M. Fujii e K. Takada. "Smoothness of Human Jaw Movement during Chewing". Journal of Dental Research 78, n. 10 (ottobre 1999): 1662–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345990780101201.
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Human limb movements are successfully modeled based on the assumption that the central nervous system controls the movements by maximizing movement smoothness. Movement smoothness is quantified by means of a time integral of squared jerk (jerk-cost), where jerk is defined as the rate of change in acceleration. This study was performed to investigate whether the control of human masticatory vertical jaw movements can also be explained by a minimum-jerk (maximum-smoothness) model. Based on the assumption that minimum-jerk models account for vertical jaw-opening and -closing movements during chewing, the actual time profile of the movement trajectory was simulated by the model. The simulated jerk-costs and peak velocities were compared with those obtained by actual measurements of jaw movements during chewing. Jerk-costs and peak velocities of the jaw movements during chewing were significantly correlated with those predicted by minimum-jerk models (P < 0.0001, r between 0.596 and 0.799). The minimum-jerk models predicted closing movement trajectories more accurately than opening movement trajectories (jaw opening, root-mean-square error = 1.19 mm; jaw closing, 0.52 mm, t = 4.375, P < 0.0001). The results indicated that the vertical jaw movement control during chewing was represented by the minimum-jerk control model and that the vertical jaw-closing movement is smoother than the opening movement during gum-chewing.
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Taylor, Jordan A., e Kurt A. Thoroughman. "Divided Attention Impairs Human Motor Adaptation But Not Feedback Control". Journal of Neurophysiology 98, n. 1 (luglio 2007): 317–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01070.2006.
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When humans experience externally induced errors in a movement, the motor system's feedback control compensates for those errors within the movement. The motor system's predictive control then uses information about those errors to inform future movements. The role of attention in these two distinct motor processes is unclear. Previous experiments have revealed a role for attention in motor learning over the course of many movements; however, these experimental paradigms do not determine how attention influences within-movement feedback control versus across-movement adaptation. Here we develop a dual-task paradigm, consisting of movement and audio tasks, which can differentiate and expose attention's role in these two processes of motor control. Over the course of several days, subjects performed horizontal reaching movements, with and without the audio task; movements were occasionally subjected to transient force perturbations. On movements with a force perturbation, subjects compensated for the force-induced movement errors, and on movements immediately after the force perturbation subjects exhibited adaptation. On every movement trial, subjects performed a two-tone frequency-discrimination task. The temporal specificity of the frequency-discrimination task allowed us to divide attention within and across movements. We find that divided attention did not impair the within-movement feedback control of the arm, but did reduce subsequent movement adaptation. We suggest that the secondary task interfered with the encoding and transformation of errors into changes in predictive control.
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Henriksson, J. "Human movement science". Acta Physiologica 205, n. 3 (18 maggio 2012): 321–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.2012.02442.x.
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Pitt-Broooke, Judith. "Human Movement Explained". Physiotherapy 82, n. 9 (settembre 1996): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9406(05)66289-x.
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Trew, Marion. "Functional Human Movement". Physiotherapy 85, n. 9 (settembre 1999): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9406(05)65480-6.
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Cappozzo, A., F. Catani e A. Leardini. "Skin movement artefacts in human movement photogrammetry". Journal of Biomechanics 27, n. 6 (gennaio 1994): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(94)91212-2.
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Mel’nichouk, Alexander P., Natalia V. Bulgakova, Arkadij N. Tal’nov, Fredrik Hellström, Uwe Windhorst e Alexander I. Kostyukov. "Movement-dependent positioning errors in human elbow joint movements". Experimental Brain Research 176, n. 2 (19 luglio 2006): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-006-0612-6.
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Bressel, Eadric. "Innovative Analyses of Human Movement: Analytical Tools for Human Movement Research". Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 36, n. 10 (ottobre 2004): 1834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200410000-00027.
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Hsu, Hsiu-Ling. "Wearable Stretch Sensors for Ergonomics-Related Human Movement Monitoring". Ergonomics International Journal 8, n. 1 (23 gennaio 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/eoij-16000318.
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Physical ergonomics has shown to be an effective method of keeping an eye on any illnesses associated with, like, job-related tasks. Wearable sensors and artificial intelligence have been used in conjunction to enhance experimental ergonomic research techniques in the field of physical ergonomics, according to a number of recent studies. This study proposes the Smart Work wear System, a module-based ambulatory system that addresses work-related physical and psychosocial stresses that might impact health and performance. It supports risk assessment, technique training, and workplace design while reducing the requirement for expert trainers and ergonomists. Substituting measurements for observations improves measurement accuracy and repeatability. A modular platform allows for the connection of a variety of sensor types based on the individual requirements of each case.
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Grinyagin, I. V., E. V. Biryukova e M. A. Maier. "Kinematic and Dynamic Synergies of Human Precision-Grip Movements". Journal of Neurophysiology 94, n. 4 (ottobre 2005): 2284–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01310.2004.
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We analyzed the adaptability of human thumb and index finger movement kinematics and dynamics to variations of precision grip aperture and movement velocity. Six subjects performed precision grip opening and closing movements under different conditions of movement velocity and movement aperture (thumb and index finger tip-to-tip distance). Angular motion of the thumb and index finger joints was recorded with a CyberGlove and a three-dimensional biomechanical model was used for solving the inverse dynamics problem during precision grip movements, i.e., for calculating joint torques from experimentally obtained angular variations. The time-varying joint angles and joint torques were analyzed by principal-component analysis to quantify the contributions of individual joints in kinematic and dynamic synergies. At the level of movement kinematics, we found subject-specific angular contributions. However, the adaptation to large aperture, achieved by an increase of the relative contribution of the proximal joints, was subject-invariant. At the level of movement dynamics, the adaptation of thumb-index finger movements to task constraints was similar among all subjects and required the linear scaling of joint torques, the synchronization of joint torques under high velocity conditions, and a flexible redistribution of joint torques between the proximal joint of the thumb and that of the index finger. This work represents one of the first attempts at calculating the joint torques during human precision-grip movements and indicates that the dynamic synergies seem to be remarkably simple compared with the synergies found for movement kinematics.
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Pham, Ngoc Hung, e Takashi Yoshimi. "Adaptive Learning of Hand Movement in Human Demonstration for Robot Action". Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 29, n. 5 (20 ottobre 2017): 919–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.2017.p0919.
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This paper describes a process for adaptive learning of hand movements in human demonstration for manipulation actions by robots using Dynamic Movement Primitives (DMPs) framework. The process includes 1) tracking hand movement from human demonstration, 2) segmenting hand movement, 3) adaptive learning with DMPs framework. We implement a extended DMPs model with a modified formulation for hand movement data observed from human demonstration including hand 3D position, orientation and fingers distance. We evaluate the generated movements by DMPs model which is reproduced without changes or adapted to change of goal of the movement. The adapted movement data is used to control a robot arm by spatial position and orientation of its end-effector with a parallel gripper.
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Van Anh Duong, Dat, e Seokhoon Yoon. "SRMM: A Social Relationship-Aware Human Mobility Model". Electronics 9, n. 2 (28 gennaio 2020): 221. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics9020221.
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Since human movement patterns are important for validating the performance of wireless networks, several traces of human movements in real life have been collected. However, collecting data about human movements is costly and time-consuming. Moreover, multiple traces are demanded to test various network scenarios. As a result, a lot of synthetic models of human movement have been proposed. Nevertheless, most of the proposed models were often based on random generation, and cannot produce realistic human movements. Although there have been a few models that tried to capture the characteristics of human movement in real life (e.g., flights, inter-contact times, and pause times following the truncated power-law distribution), those models still cannot reflect realistic human movements due to a lack of consideration for social context among people. To address those limitations, in this paper, we propose a novel human mobility model called the social relationship–aware human mobility model (SRMM), which considers social context as well as the characteristics of human movement. SRMM partitions people into social groups by exploiting information from a social graph. Then, the movements of people are determined by considering the distances to places and social relationships. The proposed model is first evaluated by using a synthetic map, and then a real road map is considered. The results of SRMM are compared with a real trace and other synthetic mobility models. The obtained results indicate that SRMM is consistently better at reflecting both human movement characteristics and social relationships.
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Noh, Minseong, Heungju Ahn e Sang C. Lee. "Real-Time Human Movement Recognition Using Ultra-Wideband Sensors". Electronics 13, n. 7 (30 marzo 2024): 1300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13071300.
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This study introduces a methodology for the real-time detection of human movement based on two legs using ultra-wideband (UWB) sensors. Movements were primarily categorized into four states: stopped, walking, lingering, and the transition between sitting and standing. To classify these movements, UWB sensors were used to measure the distance between the designated point and a specific point on the two legs in the human body. By analyzing the measured distance values, a movement state classification model was constructed. In comparison to conventional vision/laser/LiDAR-based research, this approach requires fewer computational resources and provides distinguished real-time human movement detection within a CPU environment. Consequently, this research presents a novel strategy to effectively recognize human movements during human–robot interactions. The proposed model effectively discerned four distinct movement states with classification accuracy of around 95%, demonstrating the novel strategy’s efficacy.
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POLLICK, FRANK E., JOSHUA G. HALE e MARIA TZONEVA-HADJIGEORGIEVA. "PERCEPTION OF HUMANOID MOVEMENT". International Journal of Humanoid Robotics 02, n. 03 (settembre 2005): 277–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021984360500048x.
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With the ultimate goal of producing natural-looking movements in humanoid robots and virtual humans, we examined the visual perception of movements generated by different models of movement generation. The models of movement generation included 14 synthetic motion generation algorithms based on theories of human motor production. In addition, we obtained motion from recordings of actual human movement. The resulting movements were applied to both a humanoid robot and a computer graphics virtual human. The computational efficiency of the motion production algorithms is described. In Experiment 1, we examined observers' judgments of the naturalness of a movement. Results showed that, for the humanoid robot, low ratings of naturalness were obtained for rapid movement. In addition, it was found that some movements that appeared to have unremarkable naturalness ratings were anomalous examples of the desired movement. In Experiment 2, we used naturalness ratings to study the influence of movement speed on the humanoid robot. Results indicated that the decrease in naturalness was due to motion artifacts at the ends of the movement. In Experiment 3, we returned to the issue of anomalous movements by obtaining ratings of similarity between pairs of movements, and analyzing these with multi-dimensional scaling to obtain a psychological space representation of the set of movements. Results showed that the presumed anomalous movements were indeed distinctive from the other movements, suggesting that the naturalness judgments did not completely indicate the perception of movement. We discuss these results in the context of what they suggest for the relative effectiveness of the different generation algorithms at producing natural movement, and their relative computational efficiency, as well as in terms of the effectiveness of different psychological techniques for the assessment of humanoid movement.
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YAMAMOTO, Sumiko. "Biomechanics of Human Movement". Rigakuryoho Kagaku 18, n. 3 (2003): 109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1589/rika.18.109.
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Koopman, Bart (H F. J. M. ). "Dynamics of human movement". Technology and Health Care 18, n. 4-5 (2 novembre 2010): 371–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/thc-2010-0599.
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Swisher, Anne K. "Technology and Human Movement". Cardiopulmonary Physical Therapy Journal 27, n. 2 (aprile 2016): 41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/cpt.0000000000000030.
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Ash, Caroline. "Human movement and environment". Science 368, n. 6489 (23 aprile 2020): 382.1–383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.368.6489.382-a.
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Doi, Youjirou, e Kazutoshi Kobayashi. "Bioenergetics of Human Movement." Transactions of the Japan Society of Mechanical Engineers Series B 60, n. 579 (1994): 3717–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/kikaib.60.3717.
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Hilliar, Kathleen M. "Anatomy and Human Movement". Physiotherapy 88, n. 9 (settembre 2002): 571–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9406(05)60146-0.
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Járdánházy, T., A. Török, M. Sógor e Gy Bán. "Symmetry in human movement". Electroencephalography and Clinical Neurophysiology 75 (gennaio 1990): S68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0013-4694(90)91964-q.
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Buchanan, J. J., e J. A. S. Kelso. "Integrating Human Movement Science?" Contemporary Psychology: A Journal of Reviews 39, n. 3 (marzo 1994): 317–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/034023.
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O’Brien, Megan K., e Alaa A. Ahmed. "Rationality in Human Movement". Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews 44, n. 1 (gennaio 2016): 20–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/jes.0000000000000066.
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Weiss, Daniel J., Tara F. Boyhan, Mark Connell, Kefyalew Addis Alene, Paulina A. Dzianach, Tasmin L. Symons, Camilo A. Vargas-Ruiz, Peter W. Gething e Ewan Cameron. "Impacts on Human Movement in Australian Cities Related to the COVID-19 Pandemic". Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease 8, n. 7 (14 luglio 2023): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed8070363.
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No studies have yet examined high-resolution shifts in the spatial patterns of human movement in Australia throughout 2020 and 2021, a period coincident with the repeated enactment and removal of varied governmental restrictions aimed at reducing community transmission of SARS-CoV-2. We compared overlapping timeseries of COVID-19 pandemic-related restrictions, epidemiological data on cases and vaccination rates, and high-resolution human movement data to characterize population-level responses to the pandemic in Australian cities. We found that restrictions on human movement and/or mandatory business closures reduced the average population-level weekly movement volumes in cities, as measured by aggregated travel time, by almost half. Of the movements that continued to occur, long movements reduced more dramatically than short movements, likely indicating that people stayed closer to home. We also found that the repeated lockdowns did not reduce their impact on human movement, but the effect of the restrictions on human movement waned as the duration of restrictions increased. Lastly, we found that after restrictions ceased, the subsequent surge in SARS-CoV-2 transmission coincided with a substantial, non-mandated drop in human movement volume. These findings have implications for public health policy makers when faced with anticipating responses to restrictions during future emergency situations.
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Kim, Jennifer A., James C. Eliassen e Jerome N. Sanes. "Movement Quantity and Frequency Coding in Human Motor Areas". Journal of Neurophysiology 94, n. 4 (ottobre 2005): 2504–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01047.2004.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Studies of movement coding have indicated a relationship between functional MRI signals and increasing frequency of movement in primary motor cortex and other motor-related structures. However, prior work has typically used block-designs and fixed-time intervals across the varying movements frequencies that may prevent ready distinction of brain mechanisms related to movement quantity and, especially, movement frequency. Here, we obtained functional MRI signals from humans working in an event-related design to extract independent activation related to movement quantity or movement frequency. Participants tapped once, twice, or thrice at 1, 2, or 3 Hz, and the tapping evoked activation related to movement quantity in the precentral and postcentral gyri, supplementary motor area, cerebellum, putamen, and thalamus. Increasing movement frequency failed to yield activation in these motor-related areas, although linear movement frequency affects occurred in nonmotor regions of cortex and subcortex. Our results do not replicate prior data suggesting movement frequency encoding in motor-related areas; instead we observed movement quantity coding in motor-related brain areas. The discrepancy between prior studies and this study likely relates to methodology concerns. We suggest that the movement quantity relationships in human motor areas and encoding of movement frequency in nonmotor areas may reflect a functional anatomical substrate for mediating distinct movement parameters.
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Koolstra, J. H. "Dynamics of the Human Masticatory System". Critical Reviews in Oral Biology & Medicine 13, n. 4 (luglio 2002): 366–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154411130201300406.
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In this review, the movement characteristics of the human masticatory system are discussed from a biomechanical perspective. The discussion is based upon the three fundamental laws of mechanics applied to the various anatomical structures that are part of the masticatory system. An analysis of the forces and torques applied to the mandible by muscles, joints, articular capsules, and teeth is used to assess the determinants of jaw movement. The principle of relating the interplay of forces to the center of gravity of the lower jaw, in contrast to a hinge axis near its joints, is introduced. It is evident that the muscles are the dominant determinants of jaw movement. The contributions of the individual muscles to jaw movements can be derived from the orientation of their lines of action with respect to the center of gravity of the lower jaw. They cause the jaw to accelerate with six degrees of freedom. The ratio between linear and angular accelerations is subtly dependent on the mass and moments of inertia of the jaw, and the structures that are more or less rigidly attached to it. The effects of articular forces must be taken into account, especially if the joints are loaded asymmetrically. The muscles not only move the jaw but also maintain articular stability during midline movements. Passive structures, such as the ligaments, become dominant only when the jaw reaches its movement boundaries. These ligaments are assumed to prevent joint dislocation during non-midline movements.
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Muthukumaraswamy, Suresh D. "Functional Properties of Human Primary Motor Cortex Gamma Oscillations". Journal of Neurophysiology 104, n. 5 (novembre 2010): 2873–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00607.2010.
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Gamma oscillations in human primary motor cortex (M1) have been described in human electrocorticographic and noninvasive magnetoencephalographic (MEG)/electroencephalographic recordings, yet their functional significance within the sensorimotor system remains unknown. In a set of four MEG experiments described here a number of properties of these oscillations are elucidated. First, gamma oscillations were reliably localized by MEG in M1 and reached peak amplitude 137 ms after electromyographic onset and were not affected by whether movements were cued or self-paced. Gamma oscillations were found to be stronger for larger movements but were absent during the sustained part of isometric movements, with no finger movement or muscle shortening. During repetitive movement sequences gamma oscillations were greater for the first movement of a sequence. Finally, gamma oscillations were absent during passive shortening of the finger compared with active contractions sharing similar kinematic properties demonstrating that M1 oscillations are not simply related to somatosensory feedback. This combined pattern of results is consistent with gamma oscillations playing a role in a relatively late stage of motor control, encoding information related to limb movement rather than to muscle contraction.
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Classen, Joseph, Joachim Liepert, Steven P. Wise, Mark Hallett e Leonardo G. Cohen. "Rapid Plasticity of Human Cortical Movement Representation Induced by Practice". Journal of Neurophysiology 79, n. 2 (1 febbraio 1998): 1117–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.79.2.1117.
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Classen, Joseph, Joachim Liepert, Steven P. Wise, Mark Hallett, and Leonardo G. Cohen. Rapid plasticity of human cortical movement representation induced by practice. J. Neurophysiol. 79: 1117–1123, 1998. The process of acquiring motor skills through the sustained performance of complex movements is associated with neural plasticity. However, it is unknown whether even simple movements, repeated over a short period of time, are effective in inducing cortical representational changes. Whether the motor cortex can retain specific kinematic aspects of a recently practiced movement is also unknown. We used focal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) of the motor cortex to evoke isolated and directionally consistent thumb movements. Thumb movements then were practiced in a different direction. Subsequently, TMS came to evoke movements in or near the recently practiced direction for several minutes before returning to the original direction. To initiate a change of the TMS-evoked movement direction, 15 or 30 min of continuous training were required in most of the subjects and, on two occasions, as little as 5 or 10 min. Substantially smaller effects followed more direct stimulation of corticofugal axons with transcranial electrical stimulation, pointing to cortex as the site of plasticity. These findings suggest that the training rapidly, and transiently, established a change in the cortical network representing the thumb, which encoded kinematic details of the practiced movement. This phenomenon may be regarded as a short-term memory for movement and be the first step of skill acquisition.
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Hoffmann, Errol R., Alan H. S. Chan e P. T. Heung. "Head Rotation Movement Times". Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society 59, n. 6 (24 marzo 2017): 986–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0018720817701000.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Objective: The aim of this study was to measure head rotation movement times in a Fitts’ paradigm and to investigate the transition region from ballistic movements to visually controlled movements as the task index of difficulty (ID) increases. Background: For head rotation, there are gaps in the knowledge of the effects of movement amplitude and task difficulty around the critical transition region from ballistic movements to visually controlled movements. Method: Under the conditions of 11 ID values (from 1.0 to 6.0) and five movement amplitudes (20° to 60°), participants performed a head rotation task, and movement times were measured. Results: Both the movement amplitude and task difficulty have effects on movement times at low IDs, but movement times are dependent only on ID at higher ID values. Movement times of participants are higher than for arm/hand movements, for both ballistic and visually controlled movements. The information-processing rate of head rotational movements, at high ID values, is about half that of arm movements. Conclusion: As an input mode, head rotations are not as efficient as the arm system either in ability to use rapid ballistic movements or in the rate at which information may be processed. Application: The data of this study add to those in the review of Hoffmann for the critical IDs of different body motions. The data also allow design for the best arrangement of display that is under the design constraints of limited display area and difficulty of head-controlled movements in a data-inputting task.
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Fairbrother, Peter. "Social Movement Unionism or Trade Unions as Social Movements". Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal 20, n. 3 (28 giugno 2008): 213–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10672-008-9080-4.
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Cochereau, Mathieu. "La Dissidence et l’unité des trois mouvements de l’existence chez Jan Patočka". Studia Phaenomenologica 19 (2019): 327–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.5840/studphaen20191917.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Jan Patočka is usually connected with Czech dissidence, a political movement which stood up against the communist government. We want to defend the hypothesis that the notion of dissidence is not originally a political one but, above all, a phenomenological one. Dissidence is a movement of distancing which implies a rootedness, and this movement of distancing is peculiar to human beings. Patočka calls “movement of human existence” this paradoxical rootedness which is an extramundane and mundane position. Thus, we have to review the theory of the three movements of human existence. While it is tempting to separate the third movement, as a movement of transcendence, and to describe it as a political dissidence, we would like to show that the three movements (and not only the third), have to be understood as Dissidence.
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Gribble, Paul L., David J. Ostry, Vittorio Sanguineti e Rafael Laboissière. "Are Complex Control Signals Required for Human Arm Movement?" Journal of Neurophysiology 79, n. 3 (1 marzo 1998): 1409–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1998.79.3.1409.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Gribble, Paul L., David J. Ostry, Vittorio Sanguineti, and Rafael Laboissière. Are complex control signals required for human arm movement? J. Neurophysiol. 79: 1409–1424, 1998. It has been proposed that the control signals underlying voluntary human arm movement have a “complex” nonmonotonic time-varying form, and a number of empirical findings have been offered in support of this idea. In this paper, we address three such findings using a model of two-joint arm motion based on the λ version of the equilibrium-point hypothesis. The model includes six one- and two-joint muscles, reflexes, modeled control signals, muscle properties, and limb dynamics. First, we address the claim that “complex” equilibrium trajectories are required to account for nonmonotonic joint impedance patterns observed during multijoint movement. Using constant-rate shifts in the neurally specified equilibrium of the limb and constant cocontraction commands, we obtain patterns of predicted joint stiffness during simulated multijoint movements that match the nonmonotonic patterns reported empirically. We then use the algorithm proposed by Gomi and Kawato to compute a hypothetical equilibrium trajectory from simulated stiffness, viscosity, and limb kinematics. Like that reported by Gomi and Kawato, the resulting trajectory was nonmonotonic, first leading then lagging the position of the limb. Second, we address the claim that high levels of stiffness are required to generate rapid single-joint movements when simple equilibrium shifts are used. We compare empirical measurements of stiffness during rapid single-joint movements with the predicted stiffness of movements generated using constant-rate equilibrium shifts and constant cocontraction commands. Single-joint movements are simulated at a number of speeds, and the procedure used by Bennett to estimate stiffness is followed. We show that when the magnitude of the cocontraction command is scaled in proportion to movement speed, simulated joint stiffness varies with movement speed in a manner comparable with that reported by Bennett. Third, we address the related claim that nonmonotonic equilibrium shifts are required to generate rapid single-joint movements. Using constant-rate equilibrium shifts and constant cocontraction commands, rapid single-joint movements are simulated in the presence of external torques. We use the procedure reported by Latash and Gottlieb to compute hypothetical equilibrium trajectories from simulated torque and angle measurements during movement. As in Latash and Gottlieb, a nonmonotonic function is obtained even though the control signals used in the simulations are constant-rate changes in the equilibrium position of the limb. Differences between the “simple” equilibrium trajectory proposed in the present paper and those that are derived from the procedures used by Gomi and Kawato and Latash and Gottlieb arise from their use of simplified models of force generation.
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Nashner, Lewis M., e Gin McCollum. "The organization of human postural movements: A formal basis and experimental synthesis". Behavioral and Brain Sciences 8, n. 1 (marzo 1985): 135–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00020008.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractA scheme for understanding the organization of human postural movements is developed in the format of a position paper. The structural characteristics of the body and the geometry of muscular actions are incorporated into a three-dimensional graphical representation of human movement mechanics in the sagittal plane. A series of neural organizational hypotheses limit a theoretically infinite number of combinations of muscle contractions and associated movement trajectories for performing postural corrections: (1) Controls are organized to use the minimum number of muscles; (2) frequently performed movements are organized to require a minimum of neural decision-making.These hypotheses lead to the prediction that postural movements are composed of muscle contractile strategies derived from a limited set of distinct contractile patterns. The imposition of two mechanical constraints related to the configuration of support and to requirements for body stability with respect to gravity predict the conditions under which individual movement strategies will be deployed.A complementary organizational scheme for the senses is developed. We show that organization of postural movements into combinations of distinct strategies simplifies the interpretation of sensory inputs. The fine-tuning of movement strategies can be accomplished by breaking down the complex array of feedback information into a series of scalar quantities related to the parameters of the movement strategies. For example, the magnitude, aim, and curvature of the movement trajectory generated by an individual strategy can be adjusted independently.The second half of the report compares theoretical predictions with a series of actual experimental observations on normal subjects and patients with known sensory and motor disorders. Actual postural movements conform to theoretical predictions about the composition of individual movement strategies and the conditions under which each strategy is used. Observations on patients suggest how breakdowns in individual steps within the logical process of organization can lead to specific movement abnormalities.Discussion focuses on the areas needing further experimentation and on the implications of the proposed organizational scheme. We conclude that although our organizational scheme is not new in demonstrating the need for simplifying the neural control of movement, it is perhaps original in imposing discrete logical control upon a continuous mechanical system. The attraction of the scheme is that it provides a framework compatible with both mechanical and physiological information and amenable to experimental testing.
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Ni, Shasha, e Dawei Yao. "Sports Dance Action Recognition System Oriented to Human Motion Monitoring and Sensing". Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2021 (12 giugno 2021): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5515352.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Because of its high research value, action recognition has become a very popular research direction in recent years. However, the research on the combination of motion recognition technology and dance movements is still in its infancy. At the same time, due to the high complexity of dance movements and the problems of human body self-occlusion when performing dances, research on dance video action recognition has been caused. Progress is relatively slow. This article mainly introduces the research of sports dance action recognition system oriented to human motion monitoring and sensing, fully considers the abovementioned problems, and makes in-depth research and analysis on the current excellent action recognition research content in this field. This paper proposes a research method of sports dance movement recognition for human movement monitoring and sensing, including sports dance movement classification algorithm and sports dance movement preprocessing algorithm, which is used to conduct research experiments on sports dance movement recognition for human movement monitoring and sensing. The experimental results of this article show that the average recognition accuracy of the sports dance action recognition system for human motion monitoring and sensing is 92%, which can be used in daily sports dance training and competition.
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Clément, Dominique. "State Funding for Human Rights Activism: Channeling Protest?" American Behavioral Scientist 61, n. 13 (novembre 2017): 1703–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0002764217744133.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Channeling theory posits that external funding for social movements, rather than coopting activism, channels activism into more structured and less militants forms. Studies on channeling, however, focus on private funding. The following article examines whether public funding has a comparable effect on social movements. Using the human rights movement in Canada as a case study, it examines several issues relating to channeling: why funders support activism; funding as social control or altruism; how funding is related to consolidating movement gains; and the impact of funding on mobilization, activism, and internal movement dynamics. To address these questions, this article draws on an innovative new data set that includes lists of grants extracted from more than 30 years of government budgets in Canada. It also draws on several years of archival research on a network of 19 organizations in every region of Canada, as well as interviews with former members of these organizations. In addition to demonstrating that public funding has a comparable channeling effect as private funding, this article provides the first comprehensive survey of the extent of state funding for the human rights movement in Canada.
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Nasrudin, Muhammad. "CORRELATION OF HUMAN MOVEMENT SYSTEM MATERIAL IN SALAT MOVEMENT: STUDY OF INTEGRATION OF SCIENCE AND RELIGION". INSECTA: Integrative Science Education and Teaching Activity Journal 3, n. 1 (30 maggio 2022): 20–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.21154/insecta.v3i1.3611.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Learning science of the human movement system material level that must be achieved by students is knowledge, understanding, and application. Based on interviews conducted, to reach that level at Madrasah Tsanawiyah Negeri Lumajang using an integration method between the material of the human movement system and salat movements, even though it is only macro. The focus of the problem is: 1) the relationship between the material system of motion in humans and the movement of salat. 2) the impact of the material relationship of the motion system on the human movement of salat. The type of research used is descriptive qualitative with data analysis techniques using the Miles and Huberman method. The results of the study show that there is a relationship between the material of the motion system in humans and the movement of salat. Among them when takbiratul ihram is related to the upper arm movement system. Meanwhile, the impact of the material relationship between the human movement system and salat movements: 1) keep the muscles from being stiff, prevent bone disease and maximize the work of existing joints. 2) bring up religious character for students at MTsN 1 Lumajang.
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McCormick, John, Steph Hutchison, Adam Nash, Kim Vincs, Saeid Nahavandi e Douglas Creighton. "Learning to replace a human: A virtual performing agent". International Journal of Virtual Reality 15, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2015): 18–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/ijvr.2015.15.1.2865.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this paper we describe two artworks, Recognition, an outdoor interactive installation and Instrumental a live dance performance. In both works a performing agent has learnt sequences of movement from a dancer and uses these to stand in for a human performer. The agent uses an Artificial Neural Network to learn to dance from the human dancer and can perform in the human's stead. In Recognition the agent's movement is used when there are no humans present in order to keep continuity of the installation. In Instrumental the agent becomes a performing partner of a live human dancer, able to recognize the dancers movement and synthesize movement sequences based on the human dancer's movements.
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Gottlieb, Gerald L., Qilai Song, Gil L. Almeida, Di-An Hong e Daniel Corcos. "Directional Control of Planar Human Arm Movement". Journal of Neurophysiology 78, n. 6 (1 dicembre 1997): 2985–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.1997.78.6.2985.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Gottlieb, Gerald L., Qilai Song, Gil L. Almeida, Di-an Hong, and Daniel Corcos. Directional control of planar human arm movement. J. Neurophysiol. 78: 2985–2998, 1997. We examined the patterns of joint kinematics and torques in two kinds of sagittal plane reaching movements. One consisted of movements from a fixed initial position with the arm partially outstretched, to different targets, equidistant from the initial position and located according to the hours of a clock. The other series added movements from different initial positions and directions and >40–80 cm distances. Dynamic muscle torque was calculated by inverse dynamic equations with the gravitational components removed. In making movements in almost every direction, the dynamic components of the muscle torques at both the elbow and shoulder were related almost linearly to each other. Both were similarly shaped, biphasic, almost synchronous and symmetrical pulses. These findings are consistent with our previously reported observations, which we termed a linear synergy. The relative scaling of the two joint torques changes continuously and regularly with movement direction. This was confirmed by calculating a vector defined by the dynamic components of the shoulder and elbow torques. The vector rotates smoothly about an ellipse in intrinsic, joint torque space as the direction of hand motion rotates about a circle in extrinsic Cartesian space. This confirms a second implication of linear synergy that the scaling constant between the linearly related joint torques is directionally dependent. Multiple linear regression showed that the torque at each joint scales as a simple linear function of the angular displacement at both joints, in spite of the complex nonlinear dynamics of multijoint movement. The coefficients of this function are independent of the initial arm position and movement distance and are the same for all subjects. This is an unanticipated finding. We discuss these observations in terms of the hypothesis that voluntary, multiple degrees of freedom, rapid reaching movements may use rule-based, feed-forward control of dynamic joint torque. Rule-based control of joint torque with separate dynamic and static controllers is an alternative to models such as those based on the equilibrium point hypotheses that rely on a positionally based controller to produce both dynamic and static torque components. It is also an alternative to feed-forward models that directly solve the problems of inverse dynamics. Our experimental findings are not necessarily incompatible with any of the alternative models, but they describe new, additional findings for which we need to account. The rules are chosen by the nervous system according to features of the kinematic task to couple muscle contraction at the shoulder and elbow in a linear synergy. Speed and load control preserves the relative magnitudes of the dynamic torques while directional control is accomplished by modulating them in a differential manner. This control system operates in parallel with a positional control system that solves the problems of postural stability.
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Introvigne, Massimo, PierLuigi Zoccatelli e Raffaella Di Marzio. "The radical aesthetics of the Movement for Spiritual Integration into the Absolute (MISA)". Studia Humanistyczne AGH 16, n. 4 (2017): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.7494/human.2017.16.4.21.
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G., Dr Ranganathan. "Real Life Human Movement Realization in Multimodal Group Communication Using Depth Map Information and Machine Learning". Journal of Innovative Image Processing 2, n. 2 (6 giugno 2020): 93–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jiip.2020.2.004.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The latest advancements in the evolution of depth map information’s has paved way for interesting works like object recognition sign detection and human movement detection etc. The real life human movement detection or their activity identification is very challenging and tiresome. Since the real life activities of the humans could be of much interest in almost all areas, the subject of identifying the human activities has gained significance and has become a most popular research field. Identifying the human movements /activities in the public places like airport, railways stations, hospital, home for aged become very essential due to the several benefits incurred form the human movement recognition system such as surveillance camera, monitoring devices etc. since the changes in the space and the time parameters can provide an effective way of presenting the movements, yet in the case of natural color vision, as the flatness is depicted in almost all portions of images. So the work laid out in the paper in order to identify the human movement in the real life employs the space and the time depth particulars (Spatial-Temporal depth details –STDD) and the random forest in the final stage for movement classification. The technology put forth utilize the Kinect sensors to collecting the information’s in the data gathering stage. The mechanism laid out to identify the human movements is test with the MATLAB using the Berkley and the Cornell datasets. The mechanism proposed through the acquired results proves to deliver a better performance compared to the human movements captured using the normal video frames.
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Wachowicz, Fatima, Catherine J. Stevens e Timothy P. Byron. "Effects of Balance Cues and Experience on Serial Recall of Human Movement". Dance Research 29, supplement (novembre 2011): 450–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/drs.2011.0028.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
One way that student dancers learn new contemporary dance, hip-hop or ballroom dancing is by observing and reproducing dance phrases or steps. For experts, learning long and complex sequences may appear effortless whereas for those new to dance, the task is challenging with both motor and cognitive demands. On the cognitive side, the first stage for increasing familiarity or perceptual fluency is registering or encoding material in the short-term memory. With rehearsal, the material may be transferred subsequently to the long-term memory. Theories propose that human memory is cue driven – the more cues that are present while taking information in, that are also present at the time of retrieving the information, the better the recall. In this study, we investigate proprioceptive cues related to relative stability, as cues to short-term memory for recalling a series of simple body movements. We ask: is the feeling of either being in a balanced or unbalanced standing position a cue to short-term memory for movement material? And, if so, are such proprioceptive cues moderated by dance experience? An experiment was designed to test short-term memory for relatively simple body movements. Our aim was to investigate the observation of a series of movements and their immediate recall in the original order by adults with differing levels of specialist movement experience, including dance and martial arts. The experiment task was similar to a dance teacher performing a number of different movements and students recalling those movements immediately by performing them using their body and in the correct order. To minimise intrusion from long-term knowledge of biological motion – as such knowledge may distinguish novices and experts without testing their short-term memory capacity – disconnected or non-flowing simple movements were used as the material to be observed and later recalled. Relative stability in our experiment participants was challenged using the Tandem Romberg Position (TRP), which involves standing toe-to-heel in a line, and we reasoned that this should not impair experts' recall of movements using their body, relative to those less expert. According to the concept of encoding specificity from working memory (WM) theory, recalling items in the correct order is most likely when there is a match between cues during encoding and retrieval. If relative stability is a contextual cue during observing and learning movement, then recall should be greatest when contexts match during encoding and retrieval. In Experiment 1, low and moderate movement experience groups observed and then performed four body movements; in Experiment 2, and following the same procedure, low, moderate, and high movement experience groups recalled six movements. Recall span and movement experience were positively correlated – the more movement training, the greater the memory span. In Experiment 1, encoding specificity was observed, indicating that proprioception can be a cue to recalling movement from WM. The results indicate that changing proprioceptive cues can reduce memory span for movement, especially among those with low or moderate experience. In teaching new movers, there is a need to maximise the cognitive resources available for learning, by reducing the number of competing demands on attention and working memory. The present results also support the common practice in dance companies to disrupt context-specific cues by changing location – and training the execution of movement phrases, in different spatial orientations. Generalisation to different environmental contexts appears to strengthen the memory trace. For dance teachers, the present results identify potential impairments to recall, the advantages of initially minimizing competing demands, and later diversifying contextual cues, including varying environments where new material is learned and rehearsed.
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Cao, Rui, Wei Tu, Jinzhou Cao e Qingquan Li. "COMPARISON OF URBAN HUMAN MOVEMENTS INFERRING FROM MULTI-SOURCE SPATIAL-TEMPORAL DATA". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B2 (8 giugno 2016): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b2-471-2016.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The quantification of human movements is very hard because of the sparsity of traditional data and the labour intensive of the data collecting process. Recently, much spatial-temporal data give us an opportunity to observe human movement. This research investigates the relationship of city-wide human movements inferring from two types of spatial-temporal data at traffic analysis zone (TAZ) level. The first type of human movement is inferred from long-time smart card transaction data recording the boarding actions. The second type of human movement is extracted from citywide time sequenced mobile phone data with 30 minutes interval. Travel volume, travel distance and travel time are used to measure aggregated human movements in the city. To further examine the relationship between the two types of inferred movements, the linear correlation analysis is conducted on the hourly travel volume. The obtained results show that human movements inferred from smart card data and mobile phone data have a correlation of 0.635. However, there are still some non-ignorable differences in some special areas. This research not only reveals the citywide spatial-temporal human dynamic but also benefits the understanding of the reliability of the inference of human movements with big spatial-temporal data.
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Cao, Rui, Wei Tu, Jinzhou Cao e Qingquan Li. "COMPARISON OF URBAN HUMAN MOVEMENTS INFERRING FROM MULTI-SOURCE SPATIAL-TEMPORAL DATA". ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B2 (8 giugno 2016): 471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b2-471-2016.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The quantification of human movements is very hard because of the sparsity of traditional data and the labour intensive of the data collecting process. Recently, much spatial-temporal data give us an opportunity to observe human movement. This research investigates the relationship of city-wide human movements inferring from two types of spatial-temporal data at traffic analysis zone (TAZ) level. The first type of human movement is inferred from long-time smart card transaction data recording the boarding actions. The second type of human movement is extracted from citywide time sequenced mobile phone data with 30 minutes interval. Travel volume, travel distance and travel time are used to measure aggregated human movements in the city. To further examine the relationship between the two types of inferred movements, the linear correlation analysis is conducted on the hourly travel volume. The obtained results show that human movements inferred from smart card data and mobile phone data have a correlation of 0.635. However, there are still some non-ignorable differences in some special areas. This research not only reveals the citywide spatial-temporal human dynamic but also benefits the understanding of the reliability of the inference of human movements with big spatial-temporal data.
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Li, Tong, Longfei Ren, Fangfang Yang e Zijun Dang. "Analysis of Human Information Recognition Model in Sports Based on Radial Basis Fuzzy Neural Network". Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (26 maggio 2022): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/5625006.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In sports, because the movement of the human body is composed of the movements of the human limbs, and the complex and changeable movements of the human limbs lead to various and complicated movement modes of the entire human body, it is not easy to accurately track the human body movement. The recognition of human characteristic behavior belongs to a higher level computer vision topic, which is used to understand and describe the characteristic behavior of people, and there are also many research difficulties. Because the radial basis fuzzy neural network has the characteristics of parallel processing, nonlinearity, fault tolerance, self-adaptation, and self-learning, it has the advantage of high recognition efficiency when it is applied to the recognition of intersecting features and incomplete features. Therefore, this paper applies it to the analysis of the human body information recognition model in sports. The research results show that the human body information recognition model proposed in this paper has a high recognition accuracy and can detect the movement state of people in sports in real time and accurately.
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Das, Susmita, Shivam Sarkar e Biswarup Neogi. "Human Lower Extremity Motion Analysis introducing Kinovea". YMER Digital 21, n. 07 (31 luglio 2022): 1277–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.37896/ymer21.07/a6.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Human Motion is the most effective and fundamental functionality utilizing the lower extremities or legs. The replication of human movement is possible in the humanoid robots with simulation related prerequisites. The forward and backward motion simulation of the normal left and right leg is the primary requirement which has been demonstrated in this research paper. The balancing of body is feasible with the leg motion simulation in different conditions such as vertical acceleration and horizontal velocity. The leg motion video of 8secs with forward and backward movement has been taken into consideration for the simulation purpose to check the activity level of the legs. The similar movements can be mimicked in the autonomous bio-robotic systems. Keywords: Leg movement, Robotics, Kinovea, Motion simulation.
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Pai, Dinesh. "Computational Models of Human Movement". La lettre du Collège de France, n. 4 (1 giugno 2009): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/lettre-cdf.762.
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Gorbunov, Dmitriy. "Simulation of Human Limb Movement". Mathematical Physics and Computer Simulation, n. 1 (maggio 2020): 32–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.15688/mpcm.jvolsu.2020.1.4.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Simulation of any processes is based on some laws that take place inside the simulated object and outside it (changing the environment in which the object is located). In the study of complex biosystems, the identification of patterns is complicated by the fact that such systems have a chaotic structure. In such systems, it is impossible to arbitrarily repeat the initial state xi, any intermediate xn and final xk. Simulation of complex biosystems should be based on random patterns. The created simulation model works based on the random number generation. There are no static values in the model. The inclusion of regulatory mechanisms of the model is based on the search of F-solutions. Chaotic dynamics of changes in the trajectory of a person's limb is established based on experimental data. In accordance with this, in the simulation model, the level of limb retention in space changes its direction by random images in real time. In the framework of the above patterns, a mathematical model of the interaction of muscle bundles was developed to solve the problem of holding the limb in space. When analyzing the performance of the simulation model, the basis of the evaluation measure was taken. The results were obtained on the basis of mathematical statistics and the calculation of the quasiattractor parameters in the framework of the theory of chaos and self-organization. As a result, the correspondence of experimental and model data was established. In the framework of mathematical statistics, when constructing matrices of paired comparisons for experimental data, the number of pairs of matches (the word "matches" refers to the possibility of assigning the compared pairs of samples to one general set) is k = 11 %. The same number of coincidence pairs in percentage terms was established when comparing model data and model with experimental data. In the framework of the theory of chaos and self-organization, the quasiattractor parameters coincide in their area and visual assessment of phase planes. As a result of the research, high accuracy of the model is established, which is ensured by some chaotic dynamics of the model with chaotic selfregulation mechanisms. There are no constants in the mathematical form of the simulation model, which ensures the reproduction of N.A. Bernstein "repetition without repetition" hypothesis, which has been proven for experimental data. For theoretical biophysics, the constructed simulation model is able to provide understanding of the neuromuscular system functioning, as well as, with some complication and expansion of the algorithm, the central nervous system.
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Hochstetler, Douglas. "The philosophy of human movement". Journal of the Philosophy of Sport 44, n. 1 (2 gennaio 2017): 155–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00948705.2017.1282317.
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Nyberg, Gunn. "Exploring “knowings” in human movement". European Physical Education Review 20, n. 1 (2 agosto 2013): 72–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1356336x13496002.
Testo completo