Bibliografie tematiche / Human movement

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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Human movement"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 7 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Human movement"

Yung, Peter. "Human Movement". Physiotherapy 88, n. 7 (luglio 2002): 443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9406(05)61287-4.

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Yashiro, K., T. Yamauchi, M. Fujii e K. Takada. "Smoothness of Human Jaw Movement during Chewing". Journal of Dental Research 78, n. 10 (ottobre 1999): 1662–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/00220345990780101201.

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Human limb movements are successfully modeled based on the assumption that the central nervous system controls the movements by maximizing movement smoothness. Movement smoothness is quantified by means of a time integral of squared jerk (jerk-cost), where jerk is defined as the rate of change in acceleration. This study was performed to investigate whether the control of human masticatory vertical jaw movements can also be explained by a minimum-jerk (maximum-smoothness) model. Based on the assumption that minimum-jerk models account for vertical jaw-opening and -closing movements during chewing, the actual time profile of the movement trajectory was simulated by the model. The simulated jerk-costs and peak velocities were compared with those obtained by actual measurements of jaw movements during chewing. Jerk-costs and peak velocities of the jaw movements during chewing were significantly correlated with those predicted by minimum-jerk models (P < 0.0001, r between 0.596 and 0.799). The minimum-jerk models predicted closing movement trajectories more accurately than opening movement trajectories (jaw opening, root-mean-square error = 1.19 mm; jaw closing, 0.52 mm, t = 4.375, P < 0.0001). The results indicated that the vertical jaw movement control during chewing was represented by the minimum-jerk control model and that the vertical jaw-closing movement is smoother than the opening movement during gum-chewing.

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Taylor, Jordan A., e Kurt A. Thoroughman. "Divided Attention Impairs Human Motor Adaptation But Not Feedback Control". Journal of Neurophysiology 98, n. 1 (luglio 2007): 317–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.01070.2006.

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When humans experience externally induced errors in a movement, the motor system's feedback control compensates for those errors within the movement. The motor system's predictive control then uses information about those errors to inform future movements. The role of attention in these two distinct motor processes is unclear. Previous experiments have revealed a role for attention in motor learning over the course of many movements; however, these experimental paradigms do not determine how attention influences within-movement feedback control versus across-movement adaptation. Here we develop a dual-task paradigm, consisting of movement and audio tasks, which can differentiate and expose attention's role in these two processes of motor control. Over the course of several days, subjects performed horizontal reaching movements, with and without the audio task; movements were occasionally subjected to transient force perturbations. On movements with a force perturbation, subjects compensated for the force-induced movement errors, and on movements immediately after the force perturbation subjects exhibited adaptation. On every movement trial, subjects performed a two-tone frequency-discrimination task. The temporal specificity of the frequency-discrimination task allowed us to divide attention within and across movements. We find that divided attention did not impair the within-movement feedback control of the arm, but did reduce subsequent movement adaptation. We suggest that the secondary task interfered with the encoding and transformation of errors into changes in predictive control.

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Henriksson, J. "Human movement science". Acta Physiologica 205, n. 3 (18 maggio 2012): 321–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-1716.2012.02442.x.

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Pitt-Broooke, Judith. "Human Movement Explained". Physiotherapy 82, n. 9 (settembre 1996): 545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9406(05)66289-x.

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Trew, Marion. "Functional Human Movement". Physiotherapy 85, n. 9 (settembre 1999): 518. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0031-9406(05)65480-6.

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Cappozzo, A., F. Catani e A. Leardini. "Skin movement artefacts in human movement photogrammetry". Journal of Biomechanics 27, n. 6 (gennaio 1994): 755. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9290(94)91212-2.

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Mel’nichouk, Alexander P., Natalia V. Bulgakova, Arkadij N. Tal’nov, Fredrik Hellström, Uwe Windhorst e Alexander I. Kostyukov. "Movement-dependent positioning errors in human elbow joint movements". Experimental Brain Research 176, n. 2 (19 luglio 2006): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00221-006-0612-6.

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Bressel, Eadric. "Innovative Analyses of Human Movement: Analytical Tools for Human Movement Research". Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 36, n. 10 (ottobre 2004): 1834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/00005768-200410000-00027.

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Hsu, Hsiu-Ling. "Wearable Stretch Sensors for Ergonomics-Related Human Movement Monitoring". Ergonomics International Journal 8, n. 1 (23 gennaio 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.23880/eoij-16000318.

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Physical ergonomics has shown to be an effective method of keeping an eye on any illnesses associated with, like, job-related tasks. Wearable sensors and artificial intelligence have been used in conjunction to enhance experimental ergonomic research techniques in the field of physical ergonomics, according to a number of recent studies. This study proposes the Smart Work wear System, a module-based ambulatory system that addresses work-related physical and psychosocial stresses that might impact health and performance. It supports risk assessment, technique training, and workplace design while reducing the requirement for expert trainers and ergonomists. Substituting measurements for observations improves measurement accuracy and repeatability. A modular platform allows for the connection of a variety of sensor types based on the individual requirements of each case.

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Tesi sul tema "Human movement"

Revelle, Matthew. "Representing and visualizing articulated movement". Fairfax, VA : George Mason University, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1920/4570.

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Thesis (M.S.)--George Mason University, 2009.
Vita: p. 29. Thesis director: Zoran Durić. Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Computer Science. Title from PDF t.p. (viewed Oct. 11, 2009). Includes bibliographical references (p. 27-28). Also issued in print.

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Syed, Shazali Syed Tarmizi. "Human behaviour modelling through Human Intelligent Movement Software (HIMs)". Thesis, Loughborough University, 2010. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/6382.

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The concept of sustainable urban environments aims to provide urban facilities including transport interchanges that can accommodate a wide spectrum of the human population irrespective of gender, age or disability. A major objective is to reduce levels of social exclusion which arise from inadequacy in infrastructure that strongly affects certain members of society such as the elderly, disabled and poor. This research focuses on the particular aspect of crowded public spaces where it is envisaged that improvements in crowd flow could be achieved by a proper consideration of all the users of the space but particularly the elderly and disabled. The ultimate objective would be design tools that provide architects with the means to achieve inclusivity in design for the elderly and disabled with relative ease and speed. Therefore, this research has developed a methodology and a computing tool to implement aspects of human walking behaviour in public spaces. Human behaviours have been studied using a large-scale video observation involving over 17,000 subjects. The videos have been analysed to determine a number of different behaviours and their relationship to distinguishing characteristics of the subjects such as age, gender and disability. Algorithms for representing these behaviours have been developed and implemented as a simulation tool (HIMs) within commercially available gaming software. Two case studies, within shopping malls and a bus station, have been carried out to illustrate the feasibility of the work and simple examples of small environmental design changes that significantly affect crowd flow are shown.

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Kamada, Kohji. "Rightward movement phenomena in human language". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5820.

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The aim of my thesis is to show that some properties of rightward movement constructions (a cover term referring to sentences where an element appears to be “displaced” to the right) may be derived from syntactic principles and interface conditions within the framework of the minimalist program, and also to claim that properties which have up to now been dealt with purely in syntax receive a better account in terms of language processing. I develop a nonmovement approach to the Japanese Post-Verbal Construction (JPVC) by claiming that a postverbal phrase is adjoined to an element by External Merge, and that it is permitted as a syntactic object by a licensing condition which allows it to be construed as an argument or a modifier by interpretive rules at the interface level (SEM/LF). Many syntactic properties of the JPVC are accounted for in terms of independently motivated interface conditions and syntactic principles. I assume that the parser is a system that can make use of UG principles as well as language particular rules, and that the parser should be universal. The interaction of syntactic principles with parsing strategies makes it possible to cope with elusive problems concerning scope ambiguity as well as locality effects observed in the JPVC. This interaction may also account for the Right Roof Constraint effect displayed by the rightward movement constructions in English (i.e., Heavy "P Shift (H"PS), Extraposition from "P, and Right Dislocation). Furthermore, it predicts that languages fall into three types with respect to the possibility of the HNPS construction: (i) both subjects and objects can appear in postverbal position (e.g., Italian, Japanese, Turkish); (ii) subjects cannot do so (e.g., English); (iii) neither subjects nor objects can appear in postverbal position (e.g., Dutch, German). The claim that there is a parsing strategy relating to linear distance is supported by an experiment designed as a test for the effect of the length of intervening elements on acceptability of the JPVC, with the data obtained using Magnitude Estimation, a technique used in psychophysics to measure judgements of sensory stimuli.

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Olivier, Stephen Chris. "Ethical issues in human movement research". Thesis, Rhodes University, 1989. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1015402.

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In acknowledging past abuses of humans in research contexts, and recognising the potential for malpractices in Human Movement Studies (HMS), this study evaluated the extent to which ethical issues are addressed in the discipline. The primary method consisted of the standard techniques of philosophic analysis, with empirical data complementing the conclusions. In general, the study contends that insufficient attention is paid to ethical issues in HMS research. In response to a set of specifically constructed, ethically problematic research proposals, only 1.8% of comments from senior researchers advocated rejection of the proposals on ethical grounds. Also, a journal search indicated that consideration of ethical issues in published research may largely be absent. Questionnaire responses revealed that South African HMS departments may be deficient in terms of accountability towards ethical guidelines. Whilst noting the existence of utilitarian ethics in HMS research, it is advocated that deontologic principles should take precedence. Further, only a sound educative effort will produce improvements. In conclusion, this study advocates a deontology-based approach to research ethics. This is consistent with the contention that the use of humans in research is a privilege, and that the rights of participants ought to outweigh the desire of researchers to conduct research.

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Cramer, Aaron Richard. "The significance of the similarities and distinctions between the anti-abortion movement and the civil rights movement". Theological Research Exchange Network (TREN), 1997. http://www.tren.com.

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Henriks, Olof. "Mapping physical movement parameters to auditory parameters by using human body movement". Thesis, KTH, Skolan för datavetenskap och kommunikation (CSC), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-200831.

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This study focuses on evaluating a system containing five different mappings of physical movement parameters to auditory parameters. Physical parameter variables such as size, location, among others, were obtained by using a motion tracking system, where the two hands of the user would work as rigid bodies. Translating these variables to auditory parameter variables gave the ability to control different parameters of MIDI files. The aim of the study was to determine how well a total of five participants, all with prior musical knowledge and experience, could adapt to the system concerning both user generated data as well as overall user experience. The study showed that the participants developed a positive personal engagement with the system and this way of audio and music alteration. Exploring the initial mappings of the system established ideas for future development of the system in potential forthcoming work.

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Ingram, Helen Anne. "Sensorimotor integration and control in human movement". Thesis, University of Oxford, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.302009.

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Duncan, Audrey. "Reflex modulation in human movement and posture". Thesis, University of Birmingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.367627.

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Human soleus H-reflex gain was measured in supine lying and in standing vertically while stabilised by a backboard. H-reflex amplitude was less in stabilised standing than in supine lying. The reduction was partly due to the effect of gravitational load. When the same load was applied (by compression of the body between shoulders and feet) while lying supine the corresponding reduction was 70%. The results are discussed in relation to possible gravitational load receptors. In a second series of experiments a collapsible landing platform was used to differentiate between reflex and programmed contributions to EMG activity in landing from a jump. Post-landing activity of the calf muscles was a short latency spinal reflex triggered by ankle rotation. In the rectus femoris muscle, activity was programmed for short falls and had a reflex component in longer falls. When the collapsible platform caused a landing to occur at a time later than anticipated, reflex gain was increased in the gastrocnemius, biceps femoris and rectus femoris muscles. Experimental results were consistent with the time that would be required for descending pathways to modulate the reflex gain and an appropriate model is proposed.

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Wesolowski, Amy. "Quantifying Human Movement Patterns for Public Health". Research Showcase @ CMU, 2014. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/329.

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Human travel affects important processes in public health and infectious disease dynamics. Refined spatial and temporal data are needed to accurately model how the dynamics of human travel contribute to epidemiological patterns of disease as well as access to healthcare resources. Here, I address a number of key issues related to modeling human mobility patterns and applications for understanding the spatial spread of infectious diseases and geographic access to public health resources. Using large sources of behavioral data anonymously collected from mobile phones within two African countries, I first analyze the utility of these data to quantify human mobility patterns as well as the usefulness of common modeling frameworks. Then I compare these data to two more common sources of human travel data: the national census and a comprehensive travel survey. Next, I use these data to assess the impact of human travel on the movement of malaria parasites. The final component of my thesis focuses on the utility of this data source to generally understand the role of geographic isolation on travel patterns to better understand the disparity between areas with various levels of access to public resources and the uptake of preventative healthcare such as immunizations and antenatal care.

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Alshabani, Ali Khair Saber. "Statistical analysis of human movement functional data". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2005. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.421478.

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Libri sul tema "Human movement"

Kim, Jones. Human movement explained. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 1996.

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L, Barnett A., Kooistra L e Henderson S. E, a cura di. Human movement science. Amsterdam: Elsevier Science, 1998.

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Human movement: Leveled reader. [Place of publication not identified]: Rigby Education, 2008.

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D, Black Kenneth, e Rockwell Marian H, a cura di. Dimensions of human movement. 4^a ed. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co., 1990.

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Latash, Mark L. Control of human movement. Chicago, IL: Human Kinetics Publishers, 1993.

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Neuromechanics of human movement. 4^a ed. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics, 2008.

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1912-, Cooper John Miller, a cura di. Biomechanics of human movement. Madison, Wis: Brown & Benchmark, 1995.

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E, Johnson William. Concepts of human movement. Dubuque, Iowa: Kendall/Hunt Pub. Co., 1991.

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Control of human voluntary movement. Rockville, Md: Aspen Publishers, 1987.

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Rothwell, John. Control of Human Voluntary Movement. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-6960-8.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Human movement"

Morasso, P., e R. Zaccaria. "Understanding Human Movement". In Generation and Modulation of Action Patterns, 145–57. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-71476-4_11.

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Roberts, Jean. "Support and movement". In Mastering Human Biology, 230–61. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-11386-6_9.

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Payne, V. Gregory, e Larry D. Isaacs. "Movement in Adulthood". In Human Motor Development, 425–63. 10th edition. | New York, NY : Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429327568-19.

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Payne, V. Gregory, e Larry D. Isaacs. "Movement in Adulthood". In Human Motor Development, 393–426. 11^a ed. New York: Routledge, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781032697147-19.

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Fister, Iztok, Iztok Fister e Dušan Fister. "Principles of Human Movement". In Computational Intelligence in Sports, 83–100. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03490-0_4.

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Madeleine, P., A. Samani, M. de Zee e U. Kersting. "Biomechanics of Human Movement". In IFMBE Proceedings, 237–40. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-21683-1_60.

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Majaranta, Päivi, Kari-Jouko Räihä, Aulikki Hyrskykari e Oleg Špakov. "Eye Movements and Human-Computer Interaction". In Eye Movement Research, 971–1015. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-20085-5_23.

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Kurczynski, Karen. "Human Animals". In The Cobra Movement in Postwar Europe, 37–78. New York: Routledge, 2020.: Routledge, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351034500-2.

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Fernaeus, Ylva, Kristina Höök e Anna Ståhl. "Designing for Joyful Movement". In Human–Computer Interaction Series, 193–207. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-68213-6_12.

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Arus, Emeric. "Movement Control (Muscular Physiology)". In Biomechanics of Human Motion, 97–107. Second Edition. | Boca Raton, Florida : CRC Press, Taylor & Francis: CRC Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/b22446-7.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Human movement"

Allen, Jamie. "Human potential (movement)". In ACM SIGGRAPH ASIA 2009 Art Gallery & Emerging Technologies: Adaptation. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1665137.1665140.

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Pehlivan, Alp Burak, e Erhan Oztop. "Dynamic movement primitives for human movement recognition". In IECON 2015 - 41st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society. IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iecon.2015.7392424.

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F. Lin, Ray, Yi-Chien Tsai, Chi-Yu Huang e Min-Hsin Lin. "An Application of Ballistic Movement Method for Evaluating the Effects of Movement Direction Using a Standard Mouse". In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference (2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001268.

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Most studies on the effect of movement direction utilized Fitts’ law; however, the use of Fitts’ law has a limitation of discriminating the extent to which properties of speed and accuracy contribute to the aiming movement time. Hence, this study aimed at utilizing the two ballistic movement models to separately assess speed and accuracy. Four participants performed ballistic movements with a standard computer mouse in eight radial directions. The measured movement time and two axes of end-point variability were analyzed using the two ballistic movement models. The results showed that two ballistic movement models accounted well for the measured data in various movement directions, and movement direction had certain effects on movement time, aiming-constant error, and aiming-variable error. Movements took the shortest times in the directions of 0° and 180°. Participants aimed targets with a counterclockwise angle when moving toward 90°, 135°, 180°, and 225°, and with a clockwise angle when moving toward 270°, 315°, 0°, and 45°. Aiming-variable errors were relatively smaller along cross axes, compared to those along diagonal axes. Ballistic movement models, compared to Fitts’ law, provided individual performance information of “speed” and “accuracy”, helping provide detail information for HCI designs.

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Trestian, Ionut, Kévin Huguenin, Ling Su e Aleksandar Kuzmanovic. "Understanding human movement semantics". In the 21st international conference companion. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/2187980.2188156.

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Houri, Naoyuki, Hiroyuki Arita e Yutaka Sakaguchi. "Audiolizing body movement". In the 2nd Augmented Human International Conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/1959826.1959839.

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Pipelidis, Georgios, Nikolaos Tsiamitros, Malte Kessner e Christian Prehofer. "HuMAn: Human Movement Analytics via WiFi Probes". In 2019 IEEE International Conference on Pervasive Computing and Communications Workshops (PerCom Workshops). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/percomw.2019.8730703.

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Fukuda, Shuichi. "Human-Machine Teaming: A Movement-Focused Approach". In ASME 2020 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2020-23299.

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Abstract To cope with today’s frequent, extensive and unpredictable changes, humans and machines need to work together on the same team. Team organization and management called for now is to develop a truly adaptable network without any constraints. Movement works as a communication tool for the human-machine team, and in addition, movement will bring emotional harmonization between humans and machines and psychological satisfaction and happiness to humans. Although instinct has been neglected in traditional engineering, it plays an important role to coordinate many body parts and balance our bodies, and for interactive holistic perception and for making better decisions. Emerging reservoir computing will produce extremely small devices so they will work together on us and enable us to interact directly with the outside world through our bodies. And such human-machine team will motivate us to challenge rehabilitation and healthcare, which, therefore, will become a kind of a game, But to achieve this goal, a holistic and quantitative performance indicator is necessary. Euclidean Space approach requires orthonormality and units. But to manage movements, we must be free from these constraints. Therefore, Mahalanobis Distance-Pattern Approach, which is non-Euclidean, is proposed.

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Saito, Hisashi, Tadashi Tsubone e Yasuhiro Wada. "Movement Time Planning in Human Movement with Via-Points". In Conference Proceedings. Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iembs.2006.260222.

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Donato, Balandino Di, Christopher Dewey e Tychonas Michailidis. "Human-Sound Interaction". In MOCO '20: 7th International Conference on Movement and Computing. New York, NY, USA: ACM, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3401956.3404233.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Human movement"

Hunn, Bruce P. Human Purposive Movement Theory. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, marzo 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada562508.

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Thatcher, Scott. Nonlinear variability in human movement analysis. Ames (Iowa): Iowa State University, gennaio 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31274/cc-20240624-1062.

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Sukthankar, Gita. Exploiting Social Context for Anticipatory Analysis of Human Movement. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, ottobre 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada568418.

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Papastergiou, Vasilis. Detention as the Default: How Greece, with the support of the EU, is generalizing administrative detention of migrants. Oxfam, Greek Council for Refugees, novembre 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21201/2021.8250.

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Putting migrants and asylum seekers into detention for administrative reasons is a common practice in Greece, despite this policy contravening human rights. Greek authorities are using detention and the new EU-funded closed compounds as a way to discourage people from seeking asylum in Europe. Detention, as outlined in Greek law, should only be used as a final resort and only then in specific instances. Detention carries with it not only a financial cost, but also a considerable moral cost. Detention without just cause violates basic human rights, such as freedom of movement, the right to health and the right to family life. Alternatives to detention exist and must be prioritized.

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Evans, Hugh, Cathal Ryan, Andy Bourke, Bjørn Økland, Jostein Gohli, Andrej Kunca, Christo Nikolov et al. Range expansion of bark beetles in the genus Ips (ECLIPSE - Ecological Co-factors Lead IPS Expansion). Euphresco, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/20240279299.

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Bark beetles, particularly those in the genus Ips, are major pests of conifer trees in Europe, causing extensive damage to both natural and commercial forests. The ECLIPSE project has analyzed the history of Ips infestations, focusing on factors driving their geographic spread. Key findings indicated that the availability of suitable host trees, largely due to extensive afforestation with conifers, was a primary factor enabling beetle infestations. Climatic factors, such as extreme weather events, further exacerbated infestations by weakening trees. Long-distance dispersal through both beetle flight and human movement of infested wood contributed to the spread. The project also highlighted the importance of monitoring beetle arrivals and source populations to manage risks effectively. Policy recommendations emphasized the need for integrated pest risk assessments that consider both natural dispersal and trade-related movements. The obtained results underscored the necessity of international collaboration and timely information sharing to mitigate the impact of bark beetle infestations.

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Beard, George. New Mobility - Alternative transport for better outcomes. TRL, marzo 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.58446/ykrl1775.

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Freedom of movement is enshrined in Article 13 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. The expression of this right relies on there being accessible and safe transport available for people to use. Furthermore, transport underpins the fundamental needs of society to move goods and people around. Transport is not performing as well as it could. In many ways the freedom of movement for people and goods that transport supports is now more damaging than it needs to be to the environment, to the economy, and to people. TRL’s vision for new mobility is a transport system that provides better choice and access for everyone, serving as an enabler for better outcomes across these areas. In practice new mobility refers to a range of existing and emerging transport modes, services and technologies that have potential to provide a compelling alternative to the motor vehicle. At its core, new mobility is about rebalancing the movement of both people and goods away from single occupancy, inefficient, fossil-fuel powered vehicles. But achieving these goals is not straightforward; there is no ‘silver bullet’ that can entirely replace the need for internal combustion engine vehicles and solve all of our societal challenges. Instead the answer lies in understanding, developing and implementing the right mix of new mobility solutions.

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Mosello, Beatrice, Christian König, Emily Wright e Gareth Price. Rethinking human mobility in the face of global changes. Adelphi research gemeinnützige GmbH, giugno 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/casc010.

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Migration and displacement related to climate change have received increasing attention in the media, in research and among policymakers in recent years. A range of studies have produced extremely concerning statistics and forecasts about the potential scale of migration and displacement due to climate change now and in the future. For example, the Internal Displacement Monitoring Centre calculated that in 2019 alone almost 25 million people were displaced by disasters such as floods and tropical storms – three times the number displaced by conflict and violence (IDMC 2020a). The World Bank’s 2018 Groundswell report estimated that, if substantial climate change mitigation and development measures are not taken, slow-onset climate impacts could displace as many as 143 million people in just three world regions, or 55 percent of the developing world’s population, by 2050 (Rigaud et al. 2018). These kinds of figures have been widely reported and drive the prevailing narrative in media and policy debates that climate change will lead to mass migration and displacement, which, in turn, can lead to conflict. There is empirical evidence that rising temperatures, leading to disasters and slow-onset impacts such as drought or sea-level rise are already playing a role in setting people across the world on the move, and these numbers are likely to increase as climate change impacts intensify (UNINE n.d.; IOM’s GMDAC 2020). However, the links between climate change, migration, displacement and conflict are complex, and vary widely between contexts. The growing community of research on this topic has warned that, without an adequate understanding of the pathways of mobility, predictions of millions of climate migrants and displaced people can cast responses in alarmistic and counter-productive tones (Flavell et al. 2020). Policy on displacement, migration and climate change can therefore profit from investing in fine-grained analyses of the different factors shaping human mobility, and using them to support the development of effective responses that address the needs of migrants, as well as their home and destination communities. Along these lines, this paper examines the interaction between biophysical climate impacts, migration, displacement and (in)security. It aims to go beyond the prevailing narratives to better understand the different ways in which mobility can serve as an adaptive strategy to climate- and conflict-related risks and vulnerabilities. It also aims to assess how effective mobility is as an adaptation strategy and will continue to be in light of other stresses, including the COVID-19 pandemic. The analysis focuses on two case studies, Bangladesh and Central Asia, each presenting different human mobility pathways. It adopts a diversity lens to consider how the success/effectiveness of mobility strategies is sensitive to the position of individuals in society and the opportunities they have. It also considers how the COVID-19 pandemic is affecting the ability of climate-vulnerable populations to use mobility as an effective adaptation strategy, considering movement restrictions, increased unemployment in cities, reduced opportunities for seasonal work (e.g. in the agriculture sector), return migration and impacts on remittance flows. In conclusion, the paper makes recommendations to inform governments in countries of origin and international development and humanitarian policies and programmes in relation to mobility and climate change/security, including those of the EU and EU member states. Firstly, climate-induced mobility should be included in and addressed through broader adaptation and development efforts, for example building urban infrastructure, promoting nature-based adaptation, and ensuring adequate social protection and education. Policies and legal frameworks on migration and displacement in countries of origin should also be strengthened, ensuring the coordination between existing policies at all levels. Global cooperation will be essential to build international standards. And finally, all programming should be supported by an improved knowledge base on climate-induced migration and displacement, including gender- and age- disaggregated data.

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Shrestha, Tanuja, Mir A. Matin, Vishwas Chitale e Samuel Thomas. Exploring the potential of deep learning for classifying camera trap data: A case study from Nepal - working paper. International Centre for Integrated Mountain Development (ICIMOD), settembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.53055/icimod.1016.

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Data from camera trap networks provide crucial information on various important aspects of wildlife presence, movement, and behaviour. However, manual processing of large volumes of images captured is time and resource intensive. This study explores three different approaches of deep learning methods to detect and classify images of key animal species collected from the ICIMOD Knowledge Park at Godavari, Nepal. It shows that transfer learning with ImageNet pretrained models (A1) can be used to detect animal species with minimal model training and testing. These methods when scaled up offer tremendous scope for quicker and informed conflict management actions, including automated response, which can help minimise human wildlife conflict management costs across countries in the region.

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Etu, Egbe-Etu, Imokhai Tenebe, Ankur Parma, Likhitha Yelamanchili, Dang Minh Nhu Nguyen, Louis Tran e Ihor Markevych. Twilytics: A Social Perception Analysis of Public Transit Systems during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Mineta Transportation Institute, settembre 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2022.2210.

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In the United States, public transit ridership in 2020 declined by 79% compared to 2019 levels. With lockdowns implemented during the early days of the pandemic, direct human-to-human interactions migrated to virtual platforms (e.g., Facebook, Twitter, and Reddit). Social media platforms have aided researchers in answering numerous questions about current societal dilemmas, including COVID-19. This study investigates the public’s perception of transit systems via a social media analysis given the emergence of vaccines and other COVID-19 preventive measures. Findings revealed themes of fear and confusion concerning the use of public transportation during the pandemic. The public had doubts regarding the vaccines’ impact on transportation and movement throughout 2021, with most users concerned about the proliferation of new variants. Twitter users were concerned about the travel bans placed on African countries amidst the Omicron variant and urged the government to remove the bans. These findings will help bridge the gap between public health, transport, and commuter needs by helping transportation authorities and city planners better understand the social perception of transit systems during a pandemic.

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Brookes, Naomi, Jacqui Glass, Armando Castro, Giorgio Locatelli e Gloria Oliomogbe. Eliminating modern slavery from projects. Association for Project Management, dicembre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.61175/qpho6169.

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Modern slavery involves the recruitment, movement, harbouring or receiving of people through any means for the purpose of exploitation. It is an extensive problem and one that causes immense human suffering. International Labour Organization figures suggest that there are 24 million victims of modern slavery or forced labour around the world at any one time, with a substantial proportion of these working on project-related activities. Modern slavery causes reputational risk to organisations from the perspective of customers and investors. In the UK, it is now subject to specific legislation. The damage and costs of legal action and compensation to victims of modern slavery can be crippling. Projects are particularly susceptible to modern slavery as they have complex flows of materials and labour that need to be constantly reinvented for each unique project context.

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