Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Human falls modelling"
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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Human falls modelling":
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Ullah, Shahid, Caroline F. Finch e Lesley Day. "Statistical modelling for falls count data". Accident Analysis & Prevention 42, n. 2 (marzo 2010): 384–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aap.2009.08.018.
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Santos, Guto, Patricia Endo, Kayo Monteiro, Elisson Rocha, Ivanovitch Silva e Theo Lynn. "Accelerometer-Based Human Fall Detection Using Convolutional Neural Networks". Sensors 19, n. 7 (6 aprile 2019): 1644. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19071644.
Abstract (sommario):
Human falls are a global public health issue resulting in over 37.3 million severe injuries and 646,000 deaths yearly. Falls result in direct financial cost to health systems and indirectly to society productivity. Unsurprisingly, human fall detection and prevention are a major focus of health research. In this article, we consider deep learning for fall detection in an IoT and fog computing environment. We propose a Convolutional Neural Network composed of three convolutional layers, two maxpool, and three fully-connected layers as our deep learning model. We evaluate its performance using three open data sets and against extant research. Our approach for resolving dimensionality and modelling simplicity issues is outlined. Accuracy, precision, sensitivity, specificity, and the Matthews Correlation Coefficient are used to evaluate performance. The best results are achieved when using data augmentation during the training process. The paper concludes with a discussion of challenges and future directions for research in this domain.
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Shahabpoor, E., e A. Pavic. "Human-Structure Dynamic Interaction during Short-Distance Free Falls". Shock and Vibration 2016 (2016): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/2108676.
Abstract (sommario):
The dynamic interactions of falling human bodies with civil structures, regardless of their potentially critical effects, have sparsely been researched in contact biomechanics. The physical contact models suggested in the existing literature, particularly for short-distant falls in home settings, assume the human body falls on a “rigid” (not vibrating) ground. A similar assumption is usually made during laboratory-based fall tests, including force platforms. Based on observations from a set of pediatric head-first free fall tests, the present paper shows that the dynamics of the grounded force plate are not always negligible when doing fall test in a laboratory setting. By using a similar analogy for lightweight floor structures, it is shown that ignoring the dynamics of floors in the contact model can result in an up to 35% overestimation of the peak force experienced by a falling human. A nonlinear contact model is suggested, featuring an agent-based modelling approach, where the dynamics of the falling human and the impact object (force plate or a floor structure here) are each modelled using a single-degree-of-freedom model to simulate their dynamic interactions. The findings of this research can have wide applications in areas such as impact biomechanics and sports science.
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Kolla, Eduard, e Veronika Adamová. "3D modelovanie pre potreby simulačnej rekonštrukcie pádu ľudského subjektu z výšky". Krízový manažment 22, n. 2 (2023): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.26552/krm.c.2023.2.55-63.
Abstract (sommario):
The article presents the methodology for 3D modelling for biomechanical evaluation of falls from the height of a human subject. It focuses on 3D modelling as a base for numerical simulation using multibody modules in the PC-Crash simulation software. Basic steps for the creation of a 3D multibody model of the relevant building structure from a 3D point cloud are presented, as well as the procedure for the creation of a biofidelic female human body model. The multibody model of building structure and a multibody model of the human body can be in the following steps used for comprehensive parametric evaluation of possible fall scenarios using the iterative approach for convergence of trace correspondences.
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BOSIAKOV, Sergei M., Sergei A. PRONKEVICH, Igor A. MOROZ e Gennadi I. ZALUZHNI. "BIOMECHANICAL MODELLING OF THE HUMAN SKULL STRESS STATE UNDER IMPACT BY CYLINDRICAL SOLID". Mechanics of Machines, Mechanisms and Materials 1, n. 62 (marzo 2023): 88–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.46864/1995-0470-2023-1-62-88-94.
Abstract (sommario):
Skull fractures are quite often observed in victims of falls, traffic accidents, attacks with the use of bats and rods. The aim of the study is to assess the stress-strain state of the human head under impact on the basis of finite element modelling. The impact is applied to the frontal region of the frontal bone by the middle part and the end of a cylindrical solid (a rod). The solid is differently oriented with respect to the in relation to the Frankfurt plane. The head model includes the epidermis (skin), bone structures of the skull, bone structures of the lower jaw, eyeballs, teeth, meninges (dura, arachnoid and pia mater), cerebrum (white and gray matter), cerebellum, brain stem, muscles and ligaments. The elements of the human head model are described by the models of a linearly elastic material, a viscoelastic incompressible material, an elastic-plastic material considering fracture, and a hyper-elastic material. The eyeballs are assumed as absolutely rigid. The finite element analysis was carried out for different values of the initial velocity of a rod, corresponding to the moment of its contact with the skin of the head. It was found out that the maximum equivalent stresses and deformations of the skull bone structures occur under impact by the middle part of the rod compared to impact by its end. The impact action of the rod leads to the maximum equivalent stresses if the rod is located at an angle of 60° to the vertical. The region of the maximum stresses is located at the intersection of the sagittal and coronal sutures, and to a greater extent, significant stresses are observed along the coronal suture. The results obtained can be used by experts in the field of forensic science to evaluate various scenarios for the occurrence of traumatic brain injury and substantiate further forensic investigations.
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Vincze, Janos, e Gabriella Vincze-Tiszay. "The Biophysical Modelling of the Stress Theory". Advances in Social Sciences Research Journal 10, n. 3 (1 aprile 2023): 344–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14738/assrj.103.14350.
Abstract (sommario):
Selye published a short note about his findings in Nature in 1936. Selye applied his famous theory of stress to everyday life. A stress-free state is equivalent to being dead. In our paper we write about the some directions in stress research and the stress syndromes in clinical medicine. We show that eustress suits to situations when the psychoneuroendocrine stimulation of the organism and its behavior is temperate, maintaining at an optimal level the physical and mental resources and the health status and inducing a positive adaptation to the environment. We give a comparative analysis between the eustress and distress. Psychical stressors are those which come into being independently from the man’s will and destroy – as social factors – psychic and organic components taking place in the response, the organism consequently get tired. During the harmonic life gradually all human psycho-organic components shall get exhausted. Forming a biophysical model is not the task of the biologist or physicist alone, a good model can successfully constructed only by common, collective-work. This is typically the task of the biophysicist and a problem which falls within the competence of this discipline. Model is always an approximation, the user of the model has to take into consideration that he can approach only the absolute truth just through the endless series of relative truths. We use the Le-Chatelier principle and determine the measure of psychical organization.
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P, Nishanth. "Machine Learning based Human Fall Detection System". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, n. VI (25 giugno 2021): 2677–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.35394.
Abstract (sommario):
Falls have become one of the reasons for death. It is common among the elderly. According to World Health Organization (WHO), 3 out of 10 living alone elderly people of age 65 and more tend to fall. This rate may get higher in the upcoming years. In recent years, the safety of elderly residents alone has received increased attention in a number of countries. The fall detection system based on the wearable sensors has made its debut in response to the early indicator of detecting the fall and the usage of the IoT technology, but it has some drawbacks, including high infiltration, low accuracy, poor reliability. This work describes a fall detection that does not reliant on wearable sensors and is related on machine learning and image analysing in Python. The camera's high-frequency pictures are sent to the network, which uses the Convolutional Neural Network technique to identify the main points of the human. The Support Vector Machine technique uses the data output from the feature extraction to classify the fall. Relatives will be notified via mobile message. Rather than modelling individual activities, we use both motion and context information to recognize activities in a scene. This is based on the notion that actions that are spatially and temporally connected rarely occur alone and might serve as background for one another. We propose a hierarchical representation of action segments and activities using a two-layer random field model. The model allows for the simultaneous integration of motion and a variety of context features at multiple levels, as well as the automatic learning of statistics that represent the patterns of the features.
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Hanappi, Hardy. "Perplexing complexity human modelling and primacy of the group as essence of complexity". Review of Evolutionary Political Economy 1, n. 3 (novembre 2020): 397–417. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43253-020-00028-x.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractThis paper describes the emergence of complexity as duplicated evolutionary process. The first procedural source of complexity is the quantum jump of the evolution of the human species when it started to maintain certain brain-internal models of its environment. The second—parallel—procedural origin is the evolution of a communication structure, a language, with which an already existing group of primates could frame their internal models. In contrast to definitions of complexity which use the concept in the context of theoretical physics, this approach reveals some perplexing properties of model building for a special subject of investigation, namely the human species. All adequate models of political economy (economics is just the sub-discipline that freezes political dynamics) have to be complex. Since today’s mainstream economic theory lends its formal apparatus from the mathematics of Newtonian physics, it misses the most essential features characterizing human social dynamics, i.e. its complexity. On the other hand, a formal definition of complexity by mathematicians, e.g. the one provided by Princeton Companion to Mathematics, sometimes falls short of the inspirations gained by closely observing biological systems. What is needed thus is transdisciplinary research. The first part of the paper takes Erwin Schrödinger’s book ‘What is Life?’ as a starting point for this issue. In this part, several—sometimes highly speculative—suggestions on how to proceed are presented. The following second part then identifies two central obstacles that turn out to be overcome: First, scientific research in this field always has to come up with a synthesis that states what is essential. A wealth of singular islands of knowledge isolated in their domains is unsatisfactory. Second, the modelling of political economy dynamics as a complex system has to be rooted in an understanding of how living systems in their deepest structure work. The daring hypothesis put forward is that such an understanding can be enabled by letting quantum theoretic reasoning revolutionize the formal language of the social sciences.
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Shalom, N., R. Rabin, A. J. Abinesh, Abi Sam EA e Aadith B. Roshan. "Design and FEM-based Analysis of Wheel Rims". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 11, n. 8 (31 agosto 2023): 1297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2023.55336.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract: The automobile wheel rim's main function is to offer a stable surface on which to mount the tyre. Its size and design should be appropriate to fit the specific tyre that the vehicle needs. This project takes into consideration a tyre for an automobile wheel rim that falls within the disc wheel category. Design is a significant industrial process that affects the product's quality. With the aid of the modelling programme Solidworks, the wheel rim is created. The time required to create intricate 3-D models and the risk associated with the design and production process may both be significantly reduced through modelling. In order to represent the wheel rim, solidworks is used. Later, for analytical purposes, this model is loaded into ANSYS. The most recent programme utilised for modelling the various forces operating on the component, as well as for computing and visualising the results, is called ANSYS. In contrast to the approach of doing mathematical calculations by a human, ANSYS software's solver mode calculates the stresses, deflections, strain, and their relationships without the need for user involvement, saving time. When doing static analysis, ANSYS takes into account four distinct materials: structural steel, aluminium alloy, magnesium alloy, and titanium alloy.
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Tariq, Ali, Babar Ali, Fahim Ullah e Fahad K. Alqahtani. "Reducing Falls from Heights through BIM: A Dedicated System for Visualizing Safety Standards". Buildings 13, n. 3 (2 marzo 2023): 671. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/buildings13030671.
Abstract (sommario):
Falls from height (FFH) are common safety hazards on construction sites causing monetary and human loss. Accordingly, ensuring safety at heights is a prerequisite for implementing a strong safety culture in the construction industry. However, despite multiple safety management systems, FFH are still rising, indicating that compliance with safety standards and rules remains low or neglected. Building information modelling (BIM) is used in this study to develop a safety clauses visualization system using Autodesk Revit’s application programming interface (API). The prototype digitally stores and views clauses of safety standards, such as the Operational Health and Safety Rules 2022 and Introduction to Health and Safety in Construction by NEBOSH 2008, in the BIM environment. This facilitates the safety manager’s ability to ensure that the precautionary measures needed to work at different heights are observed. The developed prototype underwent a focus group evaluation involving nine experts to assess its effectiveness in preventing FFH. It successfully created a comprehensive safety clause library that allows safety managers to provide relevant safety equipment to workers before work execution. It also enhances the awareness of construction workers of all safety requirements vis-à-vis heights. Moreover, it creates a database of safety standards that can be viewed and expanded in future by adding more safety standards to ensure wider applicability.
Tesi sul tema "Human falls modelling":
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Nowakowski, Katharine. "The prediction and management of muscle ageing : 3D musculoskeletal simulations and multi-scale biomechanical modeling for the analysis of human falls and fall prevention strategies through the application of artificial intelligence approaches". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Compiègne, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023COMP2763.
Abstract (sommario):
Le déclin de fonctionnement du muscle dû à l’âge est lié à la sarcopénie et il augmente le risque de chute. Dans ce projet de thèse, une analyse morphologique, fonctionnelle, mécanique et biophysique des paramètres liés à l’âge est présentée. Les données ont été analysées statistiquement et par l’apprentissage automatique. En intégrant les résultats dans une simulation utilisant l’apprentissage par renforcement profond, un modèle pour le muscle des jeunes adultes et des personnes âgées est proposé. Ce modèle intègre les changements pour une force isométrique maximale, la vitesse de contraction, le temps de désactivation, la déformation passive, l’extension de la hanche, et le déplacement du centre de masse vers le torse. Les tests de sensibilité du modèle ont inspiré le développement d’une approche par simulations couplées avec analyse de position limite pour laquelle une chute peut encore être rattrapée. Les résultats de chaque partie de ce travail de thèse suggèrent que le vieillissement du muscle peut être mieux élucidé par un modèle multi-échelle qui prend en compte la fatigue et les paramètres à l’échelle du muscle, ainsi que leur influence sur le mouvement en général. Le modèle multi-échelle proposé couple un modèle à la base d’agents avec l’environnement d’apprentissage par renforcement profond. Ce modèle tient compte du changement de fibre musculaire de type II vers les fibres de type I, ainsi que les dynamiques moléculaires d’échanges de calcium, de phosphate, et d’ATP. Ce travail de thèse démontre que l’analyse du système complexe que constitue l’être humain peut être mieux réalisée en s’appuyant sur les techniques d’intelligence artificielleThe age-related decline in muscle function is linked to both sarcopenia and an increased risk for falls. In this doctoral project, an analysis of the morphological, functional, mechanical and biophysical parameters known to be affected by ageing is presented. The data has been analysed with statistical and machine learning techniques. These results influenced the development of a deep reinforcement learning simulation for both young adult and elderly falls, based on the parameters sensitive to ageing such as maximum isometric force, contraction velocity, deactivation time, passive muscle strain, hip extension range and a mass shift from the legs to the trunk. Testing of the sensitivity of the results then led to the development of a coupled simulation to study falls recovery, where the effects of sensory nerves and proprioception was considered. The strategy for coupling allows for recovery for any fall position to be analysed to further test the limits of recovery produced by the given model. The results from each aspect of the project suggest that muscle ageing can be further elucidated through the development of a multi-scale model that could consider fatigue and the effect of biophysical changes on movement outcomes. A multi-scale model, where agent-based modelling is coupled to a reinforcement learning environment is proposed. The model accounts for the conversion of type II muscle fibres to type I fibres, as well as considers the dynamics of calcium, inorganic phosphate, and ATP, with prospective for further adaptations. This work demonstrates the interest in further exploration of complex human system modelling by leveraging artificial intelligence techniques
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Mastorakis, Georgios. "Human fall detection methodologies : from machine learning using acted data to fall modelling using myoskeletal simulation". Thesis, Kingston University, 2018. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/42275/.
Abstract (sommario):
Human Fall Detection is a research area with interest from many disciplines and aims to perform for many assisted-living monitoring applications to promptly identify life-threatening situations. A fall occurs when a person is unable to maintain balance due to a variety of issues; physical; mental or environmental. The accurate detection of the fall is crucial as a missed detection can be fatal. Variability of human physiological characteristics is currently unstudied as to the impact on a fall detector's performance as young adults and elderly are expected to fall differently. Another important issue is the scene occlusions. In the use of visual sensors, an occluded fall is treated as a missed detection as the whereabouts of the person is unknown when occluded. Finally, current studies are based on acted fall datasets on which algorithms are trained. These dataset are unrepresentative of real fall events and illustrate the events without occlusions or other scene in uences. Several fall detection algorithms were developed during the study aiming to achieve accuracy in detection falls while fall-like actions such as lying down remain undetected. Human fall datasets were used for training and testing purposes of A machine learning algorithm using data from depth cameras which captured the fall events from different views. A new pathway was introduced tackling the issues of availability issues of data-driven machine learning approaches which was achieved with the use of simulation data. The use of myoskeletal simulation was then selected as a closer representation of the human body in terms of structure and behaviour. With the use of a simulation model, a personalised estimation of the fall event can be achieved as it is parametrised on a physical characteristic such as the height of the falling person. Alternative technologies such as accelerometers have been used for fall detection to prove the validity of this approach on other modalities. A study regarding the impact of occlusions for fall detection which is one of the issues not properly investigated in current work is proposed and examined. Synthetic occlusions were added to existing depth data from publicly available datasets. The research methodologies were evaluated using the most representative depth video and accelerometer data from existing datasets, as well as YouTube videos of real-fall events. The machine learning methodologies achieved good results on similar body variability datasets. A discussion regarding the proof of concept of the simulation-based approach for fall modelling is mentioned given the comparative results against existing methodologies which achieves better than any existing work evaluated against known datasets. The simulation approach is also evaluated against occluded fall and non-fall event data, proving the further robustness of the approach. This platform can be expanded to analyse any type of fall, or body posture (e.g. elderly), without the use of humans to performs fall events.
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Le, Goïc Maëva. "Etude du contrôle postural chez l'homme : analyse des facteurs neurophysiologiques, biomécaniques et cognitifs, impliqués dans les 500 premières millisecondes d'une chute". Phd thesis, Université René Descartes - Paris V, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01002633.
Abstract (sommario):
La chute chez les seniors constitue un problème de santé publique. Citée comme la seconde cause de décès accidentel dans le monde, elle concerne un tiers des Français de plus de 65 ans. Les séquelles physiques et fonctionnelles qui en résultent, les conséquences psychosociales nuisibles pour la qualité de la vie, la perte d'autonomie et son coût de prise en charge justifient l'attention qui lui est actuellement portée. Du point de vue du chercheur, les interprétations sous-jacentes à la surexposition des personnes âgées au risque de chute restent controversées, notamment parce que la compréhension de la coordination dynamique corporelle et de l'implication corticale lors du contrôle de l'équilibre est encore limitée. L'étude de la chute et des mécanismes qui y conduisent présente donc un double intérêt, fondamental et sociétal. Une chute survient si deux conditions sont réunies. La première est la perte initiale de l'équilibre, un 'pré-requis' qui peut toucher la population entière dans son quotidien. La seconde est un échec des mécanismes de rééquilibration, c'est à dire de la stratégie de réponse mise en œuvre pour compenser la déstabilisation : comment s'opère la sélection d'une stratégie de rattrapage, à partir de quelle appréciation du contexte et des informations sensorielles disponibles est-elle choisie ? qu'est ce qui assure son opérationnalité et garantit le rattrapage ou signe au contraire son échec ?...Pour répondre à ces questions, nous nous sommes donc intéressés à ce moment critique où il est encore possible de modifier l'issue finale par des ajustements posturaux et des actions motrices rapides et adéquats chez une population de jeunes adultes. La première étude est une analyse globale de la phase précoce d'une chute -abrégée par un harnais- (soit quelques centaines de millisecondes après la perturbation), afin d'évaluer la capacité du sujet à réagir à une perturbation imprévue et de développer des stratégies garantissant une protection efficace. Cette première étape se propose d'identifier les indicateurs discriminants et prédictifs d'une chute et d'un rattrapage au niveau neurophysiologique et biomécanique. Cette étude a également permis de mettre en évidence la présence d'un délai temporel incompressible appelé " phase passive ", source de contraintes spatio-temporelles à l'expression complète d'une réponse posturale adaptée. Dans la seconde étude, de modélisation, nous avons élaboré un modèle mécanique personnalisé, construit à partir de radiographies tridimensionnelles non invasives du corps entier. Cette modélisation nous a permis d'analyser la contribution relative de propriétés biomécaniques passives et des synergies musculaires actives en jeu pendant les perturbations récupérables de l'équilibre ou non en comparant les résultats expérimentaux ('réels') obtenus à l'aide d'un dispositif asservi pour provoquer des chutes de plain-pied et la réponse théorique prédite ('simulée') à l'aide du modèle. Les résultats obtenus permettent de confirmer que le comportement du corps est en phase précoce-dicté par ses propriétés mécaniques, et peut être assimilé à un modèle simplifié. Après avoir mis en évidence l'existence d'une phase inertielle d'une durée équivalente à la moitié du temps disponible avant l'impact, notre questionnement s'est orienté vers le traitement de l'information en-cours lors de cette phase afin d'évaluer la contribution corticale alors que la réponse posturale évolue. La troisième étude consiste principalement à appréhender la charge cognitive impliquée dans le contrôle sensori-moteur, en particulier lors d'une chute, à l'aide du paradigme de double-tâche. En conclusion, à travers une approche pluridisciplinaire, les résultats obtenus dans cette thèse permettent d'émettre des recommandations intéressantes pour une prévention et une rééducation adaptée dans le but de contribuer à l'amélioration de la qualité de vie des personnes âgées.
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Santhiranayagam, Braveena K. "Machine-Learning Applications to Gait Biomechanics using Inertial Sensor Signals". Thesis, 2016. https://vuir.vu.edu.au/34110/.
Abstract (sommario):
Minimum toe clearance (MTC) above the walking surface is a critical representation of toe-trajectory control related to tripping risk. Reliable and precise MTC measurements are obtained in the laboratory using 3D motion capture technology. Real-world gait monitoring using body-mounted sensors presents considerable data processing challenges when estimating kinematic parameters, including MTC. This Thesis represents the first study employing machine-learning to estimate young and older adults’ toe-height at MTC using inertial data captured from a foot-mounted sensor. Age-group specific Generalized Regression Neural Network (GRNN) models estimated MTC with root-mean-square-error (RMSE) of 6.6 mm with 9 optimum inertial-signal features for the young and 7.1 mm with 5 features for the older during treadmill walking. These RMSE values are approximately one third of the previously reported (Mariani et al., 2012; McGrath et al., 2011) and GRNN modeling also performed well as reflected in no significant difference between 3D measured reference and model estimated MTC_Height. The GRNN model specific to older adults showed good generalizability when applied to data from slower and dual task walking.
Capitoli di libri sul tema "Human falls modelling":
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Salama, Mohamed, e Ashraf Hana. "Sustainable Construction, Green Building Strategic Model". In Principles of Sustainable Project Management. Goodfellow Publishers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.23912/9781911396857-3966.
Abstract (sommario):
Academic and policy literature over the past four decades (from as early as the 1970s) has been, and still is, concerned with understanding and articulating the core principles of sustainable development and sustainable construction or, in other words, sustainable building and construction, which is a holistic, multi-disciplinary approach. The increasing global concern with the maintenance and improvement of the environment, as well as the protection of the human health has become an important aspect to be considered by construction companies worldwide. The chapter falls into two parts. The main aim of the first part is to present a critical review of the established theoretical frameworks in order to understand the topic in depth, and identify the main concepts and relevant dimensions or variables that have a crucial influence on promoting and implementing sustainable construction/green buildings practices. The second part presents the findings of a research study conducted by the authors (Salama and Hanna, 2013) that sought to develop a strategic model for implementing the green building initiative in the UAE; Green Building Strategic Model, (GBSM – UAE). Despite being based on the UAE case, the underpinning theoretical framework and the stages of modelling used in building, training and validating the model makes this section a useful read for all parties interested in the area of sustainable construction in general, and green buildings in particular, regardless of their geographical location.
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Zhang, Zhaoyan, Dongda Zhang e Ehecatl Antonio del Rio Chanona. "Data-driven Model Construction". In Machine Learning and Hybrid Modelling for Reaction Engineering, 24–55. Royal Society of Chemistry, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/bk9781837670178-00024.
Abstract (sommario):
The amount of data generated by modern reaction engineering systems has increased exponentially. A natural progression is to apply the data to gain information about the process, be it for scale-up, control, or optimisation. Data-driven models enable this acquisition of knowledge by transforming data into predictions. These predictions are increasingly important as systems become complex beyond human comprehension and logical reasoning fails. Data-driven models come in two main forms: parametric models and non-parametric models. Parametric models contain parameters similar to kinetic models. While a modeller carefully considers the placement of each parameter and its meaning in their kinetic model, a parametric data-driven model often bears no relation to the underlying system. In deliberately defining such a general parameterisation, the model gives data a chance to ‘speak for itself’ without the inductive bias of a human modeller. Non-parametric models directly apply the data without using parameters to make predictions. In this chapter, key parametric and non-parametric data-driven models for reaction engineering will be introduced. Examples will be given of many popular use cases, and the benefits of each method will be described.
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Agua, Pedro B., Anacleto C. Correia e Armindo Frias. "Optimizing Supply Chains Through System Dynamics Modelling and Simulation". In Computational Thinking for Problem Solving and Managerial Mindset Training, 31–56. IGI Global, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-7126-2.ch002.
Abstract (sommario):
In critical activities and organizations, decision making in the face of complexity has been a growing normal. Complexity troubles humans due to cognitive limitations. Moreover, humans are merely able to understand cause-and-effect relationships that are close in time and space, not the paradigm of many complex socio-technical systems. Decision-making processes shall rely on models that help harness a problem´s associated complexity – among them the dynamics of supply chains. Models typically fall into two broad categories: mental and formal models. Supply chains are complex systems, which may exhibit complex behaviour patterns. Decisions and policies within organizational systems are the causes of many problems, among them undesirable oscillations and other problematic patterns of the parameters of interest. A system is a grouping of parts that work together for a purpose. Hence, the systems dynamics methodology is an adequate approach to deal with fuel supply chain management. A model was developed that helps manage marine gasoil supply chains in the context of the navy.
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C. Nkwunonwo, Ugonna. "Flood Risk Analysis for Critical Infrastructure Protection: Issues and Opportunities in Less Developed Societies". In Issues on Risk Analysis for Critical Infrastructure Protection [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.95364.
Abstract (sommario):
This chapter presents all-important discussions relating to flood risk analysis which arguably is a subject of overwhelming significance within the context of less developed societies, for example Nigeria. Whilst a possible means of eradicating flooding from human environment is inconceivable, debates for more effective flood risk reduction methodologies for critical infrastructure protection must continue. Increased population and urbanisation scenarios drive worsened flood risk which trigger increased efforts for corporate adaptability to flooding. To ensure that social systems can cope with floods, it is important to investigate why best practices in flood risk reduction are not fully applicable. This chapter explores these issues drawing from extant dialogues on flood risk management (FRM). Arguably, the current flood modelling techniques and assessment of vulnerability operations largely do not support a realistic analysis of flood risk. Funnelled through an interpretative research paradigm, the chapter conceives that these limitations fall under five cardinal issues – (1) data, (2) theories and concepts, (3) existing flood risk analyses methods, (4) legislation and policy, and (5) sustainable development. It argues that the realisation of a more effective flood risk reduction for the poorer and less developed societies will depend on effective tackling of these issues which creates opportunities for flood risk analyses through simplified approaches, and use of free and open geospatial data infrastructure.
Atti di convegni sul tema "Human falls modelling":
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Pramanik, Anima, Kavya Venkatagiri, Sobhan Sarkar e Sankar K. Pal. "Deep Network-based Slow Feature Analysis for Human Fall Detection". In 2022 International Conference on Computational Modelling, Simulation and Optimization (ICCMSO). IEEE, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iccmso58359.2022.00024.
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Harrou, Fouzi, Nabil Zerrouki, Ying Sun e Amrane Houacine. "Statistical control chart and neural network classification for improving human fall detection". In 2016 8th International Conference on Modelling, Identification and Control (ICMIC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icmic.2016.7804269.
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An, Wei, e Yucai Zhou. "Modeling and simulation of fall process dynamics based on a simplified human body model". In 2023 3rd International Conference on Applied Mathematics, Modelling and Intelligent Computing (CAMMIC 2023), a cura di Xuebin Chen e Hari Mohan Srivastava. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2686655.
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Chen, Xubin, Lei Tian, Pan Tang e Jianhua Zhang. "Modelling of Human Body Shadowing Based on 28 GHz Indoor Measurement Results". In 2016 IEEE 84th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC-Fall). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vtcfall.2016.7881093.
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Pieterse, Inge. "Improving cost modelling of residential property replacement costs for short-term insurance purposes: A South African Perspective". In 14th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2023). AHFE International, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1003088.
Abstract (sommario):
The residential property market in South Africa has an extraordinarily high number of first-time homeowners. Cost information assistance available to the South African public consists of crude cost models to be found on individual short-term insurers’ websites. The financial cost to obtain an accurate replacement cost estimate from a professional built environment cost advisor outweighs the perceived risk of insuring a residential property for an accurate replacement cost. The need for an alternative cost model that could deliver more accurate replacement costs without employing the onerous cost-estimating techniques as employed in the quantity surveying practice within a short time is apparent. This research aims to develop an alternative approach to building cost modelling for insurance purposes. The building cost model developed, other than that commonly used in the marketplace, is premised on the case-based reasoning (CBR) technique. The four stages of retrieving, reusing, revising and retaining cases are performed. The retrieving incorporates the k-nearest neighbour (kNN) machine learning algorithm to retrieve comparable cost data from a database of residential properties. The database employs the most accurate cost model used in quantity surveying practice and is structured according to recognised building elements. The reusing and revising of the cases are based on specific building features to suit a particular residential property and are performed by applying a mathematical model.The outcome suggests that 75% of predicted replacement costs fall within the acceptable 5% accuracy level of the actual replacement costs, indicating significantly improved replacement cost estimates as the dataset represents costs based on the most accurate cost model used in practice. The study’s findings are important for the South African insurance industry and the built environment as it implies the possibility of providing more accurate insurance values that could curb underinsurance and possible financial setbacks to insureds in future. The findings will also add to the existing generic knowledge on building cost modelling for purposes other than insurance.
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Shekhunova, Stella, Iryna Sanina, Tetiana Kril e Nataliia Symar. "KAKHOVSKA HYDROELECTRIC POWER PLANT DAM EXPLOSION: IMPACT ON WATER RESOURCES AND ACTIVATION OF HAZARDOUS EXOGENOUS GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES". In 23rd SGEM International Multidisciplinary Scientific GeoConference 2023. STEF92 Technology, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.5593/sgem2023v/3.2/s12.18.
Abstract (sommario):
Russia's armed aggression against Ukraine has had a catastrophic impact on the natural environment, with hydrology and water resources being among the most vulnerable. The explosion of the Kakhovka hydroelectric power plant dam on 6 June 2023 and the rapid discharge of more than 18 cubic kilometres of water caused an environmental disaster with flooding of large areas, huge human, environmental, economic losses, environmental pollution, significant changes in the hydrology, hydrogeological conditions, activation of hazardous exogenous geological processes along the lower Dnipro River, as well as the Black Sea. Using the methods of satellite image interpretation and hydrogeological modelling, hydrogeological conditions and the development of hazardous exogenous geological processes were assessed. Two areas were distinguished based on the type of changes in hydrogeological conditions relative to the location of the Kakhovka HPP. Upstream of the destroyed dam, in particular, a gradual increase in the depth of the groundwater level up to 10.3-16.1 m is expected. In areas downstream of the dam, on the contrary, the water table will rise to a depth of 0.5-2.5 m in a strip up to 10 km wide on the right bank and 15-20 km on the left bank, with a gradual subsequent increase in the water table depth over time to 2.5-7 m. Draining the largest by water volume in Ukraine Kakhovka Reservoir, and changing the erosion base will predictably lead to increased mass wasting. Changes in the hydrodynamic conditions of groundwater (rise / fall of the level, change in the direction of movement) will intensify karstification, suffosion, subsidence of loess, increase in flooded areas, trigger the intensification of landslide processes, which are widespread along the Dnipro Valley.
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Vinod-Buchinger, Aditya, e Sam Griffiths. "Spatial cultures of Soho, London. Exploring the evolution of space, culture and society of London's infamous cultural quarter". In Post-Oil City Planning for Urban Green Deals Virtual Congress. ISOCARP, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.47472/sxol5829.
Abstract (sommario):
Space as affording social interaction is highly debated subject among various epistemic disciplines. This research contributes to the discussion by shedding light on urban culture and community organisation in spatialised ways. Providing a case of London’s famous cultural quarter, Soho, the research investigates the physical and cultural representation of the neighbourhood and relates it to the evolving socio-spatial logic of the area. Utilising analytical methods of space syntax and its network graph theories that are based on the human perception of space, the research narrates the evolution in spatial configuration and its implication on Soho’s social morphology. The method used examines the spatial changes over time to evaluate the shifting identity of the area that was in the past an immigrant quarter and presently a celebrated gay village. The approach, therefore, combines analytical methods, such as network analysis, historical morphology analysis and distribution of land uses over time, with empirical methods, such as observations, auto-ethnography, literature, and photographs. Dataset comprises of street network graphs, historical maps, and street telephone and trade directories, as well as a list of literature, and data collected by the author through surveys. Soho’s cosmopolitanism and its ability to reinvent over time, when viewed through the prism of spatial cultures, help understand the potential of urban fabric in maintaining a time-space relationship and organisation of community life. Social research often tends to overlook the relationship between people and culture with their physical environment, where they manifest through the various practices and occupational distribution. In the case of Soho, the research found that there was a clear distribution of specific communities along specific streets over a certain period in the history. The gay bars were situated along Rupert and Old Compton Street, whereas the Jewish and Irish traders were established on Berwick Street, and so on. Upon spatial analysis of Soho and its surrounding areas, it was found that the streets of Soho were unlike that of its surrounding neighbourhoods. In Soho, the streets were organised with a certain level of hierarchy, and this hierarchy also shifted over time. This impacted the distribution of landuses within the area over time. Street hierarchy was measured through mathematical modelling of streets as derived by space syntax. In doing so, the research enabled viewing spaces and communities as evolving in parallel over time. In conclusion, by mapping the activities and the spatiality of Soho’s various cultural inhabitants over three historical periods and connecting these changes to the changing spatial morphology of the region, the research highlighted the importance of space in establishing the evolving nature of Soho. Such changes are visible in both symbolic and functional ways, from the location of a Govinda temple on a Soho square street, to the rise and fall of culture specific landuses such as gay bars on Old Compton Street. The research concludes by highlighting gentrification as an example of this time-space relation and addresses the research gap of studying spaces for its ability to afford changeability over time.