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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Human ecology – australasia – history"

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Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 25 luglio 2024

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1

Miller, Kelly K. "Human dimensions of wildlife population management in Australasia - history, approaches and directions". Wildlife Research 36, n. 1 (2009): 48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/wr08006.

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It is now widely accepted that it is important to understand the ‘human dimensions’ of wildlife management issues in order to achieve management goals. This growing field of study was born in the 1960s and involves an examination of societal values, knowledge and behaviours associated with wildlife and wildlife management issues. This paper provides an overview of the history and directions in human dimensions research, focusing specifically on its application for wildlife population management in Australasia (in particular, Australia and New Zealand). It also provides a ‘toolkit’ of methods and approaches for those wishing to undertake, interpret or utilise human dimensions enquiries.

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2

Kimber, RG. "Book Review - 'The Simpson Desert - Natural History and Human Endeavour' by Mark Shephard. Published by The Royal Geographical Society of Australasia (South Australian Branch) Inc. and Giles Publications, Adelaide." Rangeland Journal 15, n. 1 (1993): 177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rj9930177.

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3

McGowan, Angela. "Historical archaeology at Cape Denison, Commonwealth Bay, Antarctica". Polar Record 24, n. 149 (aprile 1988): 101–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003224740000872x.

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AbstractArchaeological investigations formed part of the conservation work of Project Blizzard in 1985–86 at the site of Mawson's Australasian Antarctic Expedition (1911–14) huts, Cape Denison, Commonwealth Bay. The extent and nature of the archaeological resources are described, and the results of excavations inside the main hut in 1985 are summarized. Excavation stratigraphy is interpreted in the light of the documented post-abandonment history of the site, and used to measure the extent to which human activity inside the hut may be contributing to its deterioration.

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4

Schmid, Rudolf, e P. S. Short. "History of Systematic Botany in Australasia". Taxon 39, n. 4 (novembre 1990): 641. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/1223378.

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5

Sutherland, Grant R. "The History and Development of the Human Genetics Society of Australasia". Twin Research and Human Genetics 11, n. 4 (1 agosto 2008): 363–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.11.4.363.

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AbstractThe Human Genetics Society of Australasia is a vibrant professional society with more than 900 members that promotes and regulates the practice of human and medical genetics in Australia and New Zealand. The growth of human genetics was stimulated by the development of diagnostic clinical cytogenetics laboratories in the early to mid 1960s. This coincided with the recognition by medical specialists, mainly pediatricians, that genetic disorders, especially inborn errors of metabolism and birth defects, were of clinical interest and potentially challenging areas for their skills. The organization of professionals in human genetics was slow to evolve. There was an early Western Australian Human Genetics Society, and the cytogenetics community had begun to meet annually from about 1966 but was coordinated by a mailing list rather than as a formal organization. In 1976, as part of the celebrations of the Centenary Year of the Adelaide Children's Hospital, a clinical genetics meeting involving several high profile international speakers and most of the senior medical geneticists in Australia and New Zealand along with the annual meeting of the loose-knit cytogeneticists group agreed that a small working group be charged with setting up a Human Genetics Society. The society was formally incorporated in South Australia in 1977.

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6

Antón, Susan C., Hannah Carter-Menn e Valerie B. DeLeon. "Modern human origins: continuity, replacement, and masticatory robusticity in Australasia". Journal of Human Evolution 60, n. 1 (gennaio 2011): 70–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jhevol.2010.08.004.

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7

Lott, M. J., e K. Rose. "Emerging threats to biosecurity in Australasia: the need for an integrated management strategy". Pacific Conservation Biology 22, n. 2 (2016): 182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc15040.

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The intersection of numerous global megatrends is driving the emergence of significantly more complex biosecurity challenges in Australasia. Additional legislative and management frameworks, coupled with dedicated funding sources, will be required to protect the region’s native biodiversity and the human activities that depend on it. This review explores how more comprehensive biosecurity initiatives might be implemented through the adoption of robust pre-border and border quarantine practices, the use of emerging technologies to improve border and post-border biosurveillance and monitoring, and the integration of multiple social, economic and ecological objectives into a more holistic management paradigm. This review also discusses the need for a multidisciplinary approach to biosecurity, driven by improved co-operation across government agencies, industry, community and scientific stakeholders, in order to safeguard the unique biological heritage of the Australasia region.

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8

Pearn, John. "Discovery and Resolve: The Human Genetics Society of Australasia Oration 2011*". Twin Research and Human Genetics 14, n. 5 (1 ottobre 2011): 387–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/twin.14.5.387.

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Human genetics spans every facet of biology from molecular science, through laboratory and clinical practice, to psychology and anthropology. In each of these areas, the history of human genetics has been punctuated by paradigm shifts in knowledge. Each such new concept has been received with skepticism, often with perplexity, and sometimes with frank incredulity. Such comprise the datum milestones along the path leading to our present corpus of genetic knowledge. In parallel to the personal threats to Copernicus and Galileo in the field of astronomy in the 17th century, almost all genetic discoveries of the 19th and 20th centuries were seen as challenges to the received wisdom, and sometimes the social order, of their time and place. Researchers, scientists and clinicians encountering such new and often-heretical paradigm shifts have required considerable resolve to promote and publish their work. Just as in the field of astronomy, new directions in genetics have threatened not only the reputations and sometimes the careers of scientists, but also have been challenges to fundamental religious and sociological beliefs in society more broadly. Examples followed the discovery of biological sexual dimorphism (in plants as well as animals) by Nehemiah Grew (1641–1712). Darwinian evolution, Mendel's First and Second Laws, the existence of mitochondrial genes, apoptosis and its genetic basis, and uniparental disomy are more recent examples. Many of these new revelations, which today have led to the current understanding of fundamental biology, were discovered by individuals working in relative isolation. To promote and publish findings that fundamentally challenge received wisdom continues to require considerable resolve, if not courage. Herein lies a message for all clinicians and researchers.

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9

Mace, Ruth. "Evolutionary ecology of human life history". Animal Behaviour 59, n. 1 (gennaio 2000): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/anbe.1999.1287.

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10

ZILBERMAN, BRUNO, RENAN KOBAL DE OLIVEIRA ALVES CARDOSO, CARLOS M. PIRES-SILVA e ISABEL ALVES DOS SANTOS. "Microlia cayaponia, a new pollen-feeder species from Brazil (Staphylinidae: Aleocharinae: Hoplandriini) and its potential competitionin pollinator activity in Cayaponia plants (Cucurbitaceae)". Zootaxa 5264, n. 3 (14 aprile 2023): 405–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5264.3.8.

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Microlia Casey is a genus of small rove beetles from the New World and Australasia. Many species are recorded to be associated with the flowers of Cucurbitaceae, Solanaceae, Asteraceae, and Monimiaceae. In this work, a new species from Brazil associated with flowers of Cayaponia (Cucurbitaceae), Microlia cayaponia Zilberman & Pires-Silva sp. nov., is described and illustrated. Aspects of its natural history are also investigated, with insights on foraging, reproduction, and the supposed impact on the plant and pollinator’s fitness.

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Uetz, Peter, Alex Slavenko, Shai Meiri e Matthew Heinicke. "Gecko diversity: a history of global discovery". Israel Journal of Ecology and Evolution 66, n. 3-4 (6 novembre 2020): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22244662-bja10003.

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1935 gecko species (and 224 subspecies) were known in December 2019 in seven families and 124 genera. These nearly 2000 species were described by ~950 individuals of whom more than 100 described more than 10 gecko species each. Most gecko species were discovered during the past 40 years. The primary type specimens of all currently recognized geckos (including subspecies) are distributed over 161 collections worldwide, with 20 collections having about two thirds of all primary types. The primary type specimens of about 40 gecko taxa have been lost or unknown. The phylogeny of geckos is well studied, with DNA sequences being available for ~76% of all geckos (compared to ~63% in other reptiles) and morphological characters now being collected in databases. Geographically, geckos occur on five continents and many islands but are most species-rich in Australasia (which also houses the greatest diversity of family-level taxa), Southeast Asia, Africa, Madagascar, and the West Indies. Among countries, Australia has the highest number of geckos (241 species), with India, Madagascar, and Malaysia being the only other countries with more than 100 described species each. As expected, when correcting for land area, countries outside the tropics have fewer geckos.

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Smith, Helen M. "A revision of the genus Poltys in Australasia (Araneae: Araneidae)". Records of the Australian Museum 58, n. 1 (10 maggio 2006): 43–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.58.2006.1465.

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Jim McAloon. "Economic Thought and Social Democracy in Australasia and Scandinavia, 1919–39". Labour History, n. 114 (2018): 113. http://dx.doi.org/10.5263/labourhistory.114.0113.

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Evans, Chris, e Olivia Saunders. "A world of copper: globalizing the Industrial Revolution, 1830–70". Journal of Global History 10, n. 1 (18 febbraio 2015): 3–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1740022814000345.

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AbstractFor most of human history the smelting of metallic ores has been performed immediately adjacent to the ore body. In the 1830s the copper industry that was centred on Swansea in the UK departed abruptly from that ancient pattern: Swansea smelters shipped in ores from very distant locations, including sites in Australasia, Latin America, and southern Africa. Swansea became the hub of a globally integrated heavy industry, one that deployed capital on a very large scale, implanted British industrial technologies in some very diverse settings, and mobilized a transnational workforce that included British-born ‘labour aristocrats’, Chinese indentured servants, and African slaves. This paper explores the World of Copper between its inception c.1830 and its demise in the aftermath of the American Civil War. It asks what the experience of this precociously globalized industry can contribute to some current concerns in global history.

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15

Tomašević, Luka, e Ana Jeličić. "A brief history of human ecology and ecotheology". Služba Božja 61, n. 4 (2021): 486–510. http://dx.doi.org/10.34075/sb.61.4.4.

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Humana ekologija dio je ekologije koji je nastao u prošlom stoljeću a bavi se proučavanjem odnosa između čovjeka i njegove okoline. Ona je sastavni dio ekologije, a povezana je uz tzv. ekološko pitanje iz druge polovice XIX. stoljeća kada je znanost otkrila da zemlja i sve žive vrste na njoj tvore jedinstveni sustav i da utječu jedne na druge preko svojih međusobnih odnosa. Kada su započeli prigovori kršćanstvu da je odgovorno za nastanak ekološke krize i za uništavanje prirode svojim biblijskim stavom o Božjem opunomoćenju za zahvate u prirodi, nastala je i nova grana teologije nazvana ekoteologijom. U krilu katoličke teologije nju su posebno razvijali rimski biskupi (pape), a njezin je vrhunac enciklika pape Franje Laudato si’ koja je preuzela i razvila viziju integralne franjevačke teologije.

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O'Brien, Mike, Baruch Hirson e Lorraine Vivian. "Strike across the Empire: The Seamen's Strike of 1925 in Britain, South Africa and Australasia". Labour / Le Travail 34 (1994): 363. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25143892.

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17

White, Daniel R. "Toward a Cosmopolitan Human Ecology". European Legacy 12, n. 7 (dicembre 2007): 873–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10848770701671409.

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Hamer, Matthew T., Andy D. Marquis e Benoit Guénard. "Strumigenys perplexa (Smith, 1876) (Formicidae, Myrmicinae) a new exotic ant to Europe with establishment in Guernsey, Channel Islands". Journal of Hymenoptera Research 83 (28 giugno 2021): 101–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.83.66829.

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Ants are continually introduced into regions outside of their natural biogeographic ranges via global trade. The genus Strumigenys Smith 1860 (Formicidae: Myrmicinae) are minute predators with a growing history of global introductions, although tropical introductions into temperate zones are rarely able to establish outside of heated infrastructures. We report the first record of the Australasian Strumigenys perplexa (Smith 1876) to Europe and the British Isles from four sites on Guernsey, Channel Islands. This novel discovery is likely attributable to the species wide climatic and habitat tolerances, enabling the species to establish away from its natural range in Australasia and from heated-infrastructure. A key to the West Palaearctic Strumigenys species is provided alongside a preliminary and critical checklist of ant species recorded from the Channel Island archipelago, listing 32 species.

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Selvaratnam, Ratna Malar, e Michael Sankey. "An integrative literature review of the implementation of micro-credentials in higher education: Implications for practice in Australasia". Journal of Teaching and Learning for Graduate Employability 12, n. 1 (5 febbraio 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21153/jtlge2021vol12no1art942.

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Micro-credentials research, which includes digital badges, is a relatively new field of study that seeks to inform the implementation, portability and sustainability of the ecology of meaningful delivery. This paper reviews literature relevant to understanding connections between universities’ intent to offer micro-credentials and the environment that is needed to do so. From this integrated study, the paper distils a number of core concerns and identifies some gaps in the literature. One of its primary goals is to clear the ground for the construction of a technical model of micro-credentialing implementation that can be used by the various stakeholders involved in the design and evaluation of new micro-awards. A closely related goal is to help those participating in micro-credentialing research to locate and understand each other’s contributions, as fragmentation in research related to micro-credentials makes progress in the field slow. Hence, this review draws together research in the field to identify research foci and gaps, and then also capture some work by micro-credentialing researchers that directly attempts to model the main relationships in the field. The paper ends with a summary of implications for practice, especially for the Australasian higher education context

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20

Fleagle, John G. "Natural History and Human Evolution". Journal of Mammalian Evolution 14, n. 3 (28 gennaio 2007): 193–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10914-006-9031-5.

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Koertvelyessy, Tibor. "Human biology and history". American Journal of Human Biology 16, n. 1 (2003): 99–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajhb.10222.

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Bribiescas, Richard G. "Reproductive ecology and life history of the human male". American Journal of Physical Anthropology 116, S33 (2001): 148–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajpa.10025.

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John, Craig St, Donald J. Bogue e Michael J. White. "Essays in Human Ecology-2." Social Forces 64, n. 2 (dicembre 1985): 524. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2578664.

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Carlson, L. "Bibliography of the History of Australian Science, No. 22, 2001". Historical Records of Australian Science 14, n. 1 (2002): 119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/hr02007.

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Main sources for this bibliography were the 2001 editions of various databases such as the Australian Public Affairs Information Service (APAIS), Chemical Abstracts and Medline Express. In addition, issues of a number of Australian journals published in 2001 were scanned, and readers of the bibliography sent information about relevant items to the compiler. Most items included were published in 2001, but a number of earlier publications were also found which it was thought should be included. The scope of the bibliography is limited to material on the history of the natural sciences (mathematics, physical sciences, earth sciences and biological sciences), some of the applied sciences (including medical and health sciences, agriculture, manufacturing and engineering), and human sciences (psychology, anthropology and sociology). Biographical material on practitioners in these sciences is also of interest. The compiler would like to thank those people who sent items or information about items published during 2001 for inclusion in the bibliography. It would again be appreciated if he could be notified about other items dealing with the history of science in Australasia, the South West Pacific area and Antarctica published during 2001, but have been omitted. Readers are invited to alert the compiler to the publication of books, journal articles, conference papers, reports, Masters and PhD theses and reviews on the subject published during 2002 for inclusion in future bibliographies. Pertinent information should be sent to the compiler, C/- Deakin University Library, Geelong, Victoria 3217, Australia or by e-mail to laurie.carlson@austehc.unimelb.edu.au.

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Dunbar, Robin. "Another unique species: Patterns in human evolutionary ecology". Journal of Archaeological Science 15, n. 2 (marzo 1988): 217–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-4403(88)90012-x.

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Heinsohn, TE. "Possum extinctions at the marsupial frontier: the status of the northern common cuscus Phalanger orientalis on Santa Ana Island, Makira Province, Solomon Islands." Australian Mammalogy 24, n. 2 (2002): 247. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/am02247.

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ON zoogeographic maps, the Solomon Islands are shown as the north-eastern limit of Australidelphian marsupial distribution in Australasia. This distinction is due to the presence of a single New Guinean marsupial, the northern common cuscus Phalanger orientalis, which was probably introduced via the Bismarck Archipelago by prehistoric human agency (Flannery 1995; Spriggs 1997; Heinsohn 1998; Wickler 2001). P. orientalis is found across most of the principal Solomon Islands, with the exception of the remote far-eastern oceanic islands of Santa Cruz (Temotu) Province. In the scientific literature, the exact eastern limit of distribution for P. orientalis is generally given as San Cristobal (Makira) Island in Makira Province (Laurie and Hill 1954; Flannery 1995), the eastern most peninsula of which extends to 162� 23' E. The next landmass to the east is the small 5 km diameter and 143 m high limestone atoll of Santa Ana (Owa Rafa) which lies across a 7.5 km open water crossing.

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Turk, Eva, Jason E. Bond, Ren-Chung Cheng, Klemen Čandek, Chris A. Hamilton, Matjaž Gregorič, Simona Kralj-Fišer e Matjaž Kuntner. "A Natural Colonisation of Asia: Phylogenomic and Biogeographic History of Coin Spiders (Araneae: Nephilidae: Herennia)". Diversity 13, n. 11 (22 ottobre 2021): 515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13110515.

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Reconstructing biogeographic history is challenging when dispersal biology of studied species is poorly understood, and they have undergone a complex geological past. Here, we reconstruct the origin and subsequent dispersal of coin spiders (Nephilidae: Herennia Thorell), a clade of 14 species inhabiting tropical Asia and Australasia. Specifically, we test whether the all-Asian range of Herennia multipuncta is natural vs. anthropogenic. We combine Anchored Hybrid Enrichment phylogenomic and classical marker phylogenetic data to infer species and population phylogenies. Our biogeographical analyses follow two alternative dispersal models: ballooning vs. walking. Following these assumptions and considering measured distances between geographical areas through temporal intervals, these models infer ancestral areas based on varying dispersal probabilities through geological time. We recover a wide ancestral range of Herennia including Australia, mainland SE Asia and the Philippines. Both models agree that H. multipuncta internal splits are generally too old to be influenced by humans, thereby implying its natural colonisation of Asia, but suggest quite different colonisation routes of H. multipuncta populations. The results of the ballooning model are more parsimonious as they invoke fewer chance dispersals over large distances. We speculate that coin spiders’ ancestor may have lost the ability to balloon, but that H. multipuncta regained it, thereby colonising and maintaining larger areas.

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Broeze, Frank, Baruch Hirson e Lorraine Vivian. "Strike across the Empire. The Seamen's Strike of 1925: In Britain, South Africa and Australasia". Labour History, n. 65 (1993): 240. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/27509223.

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Little, Michael A. "Human Biology and History (review)". Human Biology 76, n. 2 (2004): 317–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hub.2004.0033.

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Nilsson, Bo, e Bengt Rosén. "Cultural history museums and human ecology—a challenge to integration". Museum International 40, n. 4 (dicembre 1988): 213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-0033.1989.tb01353.x.

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Nilsson, Bo, e Bengt Rosén. "Cultural history museums and human ecology – a challenge to integration". Museum International 53, n. 4 (ottobre 2001): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1468-0033.00340.

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Fleming, Andrew. "Human ecology and the early history of St Kilda, Scotland". Journal of Historical Geography 25, n. 2 (aprile 1999): 183–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1006/jhge.1999.0113.

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BUCSEK, KAROL, e MICHAL RINDOŠ. "Description of a new species from the genus Eugoa Walker, 1858 (Lepidoptera: Erebidae: Arctiinae) from the Solomon Islands". Zootaxa 4504, n. 1 (23 ottobre 2018): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4504.1.8.

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The genus Eugoa Walker, 1858 belongs to the tribe Lithosiini and occurs across the Old World, excluding the Western Palearctic Region. Currently, it contains around 120 species, most of them distributed across Asia (Bucsek 2016a, b; Dubatolov & Bucsek 2016; Schaus 1922). Ten additional species have been described from Australasia (Bethune-Baker 1904; Rothschild 1915). Since the 19th century, several authors have addressed the taxonomy of the genus Eugoa (Buscek 2008, 2012, 2016a, b; Černý & Bucsek 2014; Hampson 1891, 1898, 1900; Rothschild 1915; Seitz 1914; Van Eecke 1930), but only a few described their habitat preferences (e.g. Holloway 2001). These small to medium sized moths with brown, or brown—cream coloured forewings inhabit a wide range of forest types (e.g. alluvial, dipterocarp, heath, kerangas, etc.) from mangroves and lowland-coastal forests (about 300m asl) up to upper montane forests (about 1500 m asl). Unfortunately, life history data for species in the genus Eugoa still remain unavailable.

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Donovan, Michael P., Peter Wilf, Ari Iglesias, N. Rubén Cúneo e Conrad C. Labandeira. "Insect herbivore and fungal communities on Agathis (Araucariaceae) from the latest Cretaceous to Recent". PhytoKeys 226 (26 maggio 2023): 109–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.226.99316.

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Agathis (Araucariaceae) is a genus of broadleaved conifers that today inhabits lowland to upper montane rainforests of Australasia and Southeast Asia. A previous report showed that the earliest known fossils of the genus, from the early Paleogene and possibly latest Cretaceous of Patagonian Argentina, host diverse assemblages of insect and fungal associations, including distinctive leaf mines. Here, we provide complete documentation of the fossilized Agathis herbivore communities from Cretaceous to Recent, describing and comparing insect and fungal damage on Agathis across four latest Cretaceous to early Paleogene time slices in Patagonia with that on 15 extant species. Notable fossil associations include various types of external foliage feeding, leaf mines, galls, and a rust fungus. In addition, enigmatic structures, possibly armored scale insect (Diaspididae) covers or galls, occur on Agathis over a 16-million-year period in the early Paleogene. The extant Agathis species, throughout the range of the genus, are associated with a diverse array of mostly undescribed damage similar to the fossils, demonstrating the importance of Agathis as a host of diverse insect herbivores and pathogens and their little-known evolutionary history.

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McGirr, Patricia. "Book Review: Environmental History of the Hudson River: Human Uses that Changed the Ecology, Ecology that Changed Human Uses". Journal of Planning Literature 27, n. 2 (maggio 2012): 170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0885412212440085.

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CAMPBELL, KENNETH L., e JAMES W. WOOD. "Human Reproductive Ecology: Conference Summary". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 709, n. 1 (febbraio 1994): 426–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1994.tb30428.x.

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Spradbery, JP, e GF Maywald. "The Distribution of the European or German Wasp, Vespula-Germanica (F) (Hymenoptera, Vespidae), in Australia - Past, Present and Future". Australian Journal of Zoology 40, n. 5 (1992): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/zo9920495.

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The social wasp Vespula germanica (F.) occurs throughout Europe south of latitude 62-degrees-N. Its native distribution extends into northern Africa, the Middle East, northern India, China and Korea. It has been accidentally introduced into several regions, including North and South America, and South Africa. It has also been introduced to Australasia, where it became established in Tasmania in 1959 and at several Australian mainland localities during 1977-78. It is now widespread throughout Victoria, in much of southern and coastal New South Wales, and in some suburbs of Adelaide and Per-th. One nest has been recorded in Maryborough, Queensland. The observed global distribution is used here to determine the potential distribution and relative abundance of V. germanica in Australia using the climate-matching computer program CLIMEX. The results indicate that this pestiferous wasp could potentially colonise most of the eastern seaboard of Australia north to Rockhampton, Queensland. V. germanica is likely to adversely affect human activities, with accompanying environmental damage as it inevitably spreads and consolidates, and prospects for containment and control appear minimal.

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McAlpine, David K. "The surge flies (Diptera: Canacidae: Zaleinae) of Australasia and notes on tethinid-canacid morphology and relationships". Records of the Australian Museum 59, n. 1 (30 maggio 2007): 27–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3853/j.0067-1975.59.2007.1468.

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39

Jensen, Dana, Gavin J. Svenson, Hojun Song e Michael F. Whiting. "Phylogeny and evolution of male genitalia within the praying mantis genus Tenodera (Mantodea:Mantidae)". Invertebrate Systematics 23, n. 5 (2009): 409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/is09004.

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Abstract (sommario):

The mantis genus Tenodera is composed of several species distributed across Africa, Asia and Australasia, along with recent human introductions to North America. Species of the genus are morphologically similar and utilise equivalent habitats across their distribution. Relationships among these species and the morphological characters used to diagnose them have never been formally tested, leaving authors to disagree as to the species composition of Tenodera. With DNA sequence data from five molecular loci and morphological characters from male genitalia, we reconstructed the phylogeny of Tenodera using multiple optimality criteria. All included species were found to be monophyletic in analyses of the combined data. Tenodera sinensis and T. bokiana were both supported as distinct species recovered in separate clades, resolving confusion as to their placement and classification. Our analysis identified a previously undescribed species of Tenodera collected in India, recovered as sister to T. aridifolia and T. sinensis, and exhibiting distinct male genital morphology. In light of the phylogeny, we characterise for the first time, and investigate the evolution of, the male genitalia, which allowed us to discover several transitions in structural forms. We also consider the connection of these transitions to sexual cannibalism and how this behaviour may have led to rapid evolution of the male genitalia.

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40

Heinen, Joel T., e Roberta (‘Bobbi’) S. Low. "Human Behavioural Ecology and Environmental Conservation". Environmental Conservation 19, n. 2 (1992): 105–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0376892900030575.

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We contend that humans, as living organisms, evolved to sequester resources to maximize reproductive success, and that many basic aspects of human behaviour reflect this evolutionary history. Much of the environment with which we currently deal is evolutionarily novel, and much behaviour which is ultimately not in our own interests, persists in this novel environment. Environmentalists frequently stress the need for ‘sustainable development’, however it is defined (seeRedclift, 1987), and we contend that a knowledge of how humans are likely to behave with regard to resource use, and therefore a knowledge of what kinds of programmes are likely to work in any particular situation, is necessary to achieve sustainability. Specifically, we predict that issues which are short-term, local, and/or acute, such as an immediate health-risk, will be much easier to solve than issues which are broad, and which affect individuals other than ourselves, our relatives, and our friends. The bigger the issue is, the less effective is likely to be the response. Hence, the biggest and most troublesome ecological issues will be the most difficult to solve —inter aliabecause of our evolutionary history as outlined above.This may not appear to bode well for the future of the world; for example, Molte (1988) contends that there are several hundred international environmental agreements in place, but Carroll (1988) contends that, in general, none of them is particularly effective if the criterion for effectiveness is a real solution to the problem. There are countless examples of ‘aggressors’ (those nations causing the problem) not complying with an agreement, slowing its ratification, or reducing its effectiveness (e.g.the USversusCanada, or Great BritainversusSweden, with regard to acid rain legislation: Fig. 1,cf.Bjorkbom, 1988). The main problem in these cases is that the costs are externalized and hence discounted by those receiving the benefits of being able to pollute. Any proposed change is bound to conflict with existing social structures, and negotiations necessarily involve compromise in aquid pro quofashion (Brewer, 1980). We contend, along with Caldwell (1988) and Putnam (1988), that nations are much too large to think of as individual actors in these spheres. Interest groups within nations can affect ratification of international environmental treaties; for example, automobile industry interestsversusthose of environmental NGOs in the USA on the acid rain issue. It may even be that our evolutionary history is inimical to the entire concept of the modern nation state.Barring major, global, socio-political upheaval, we suggest that a knowledge of the evolution of resource use by humans can be used to solve at least some resource-related problems in modern industrial societies. In some cases, these can probably be solved with information alone, and in other cases, the problems can probably be solved by playing on our evolutionary history as social reciprocators; environmental problems which tend to be relatively local and short-term may be solvable in these ways. Economic incentives can provide solutions to many other types of problems by manipulating the cost and benefits to individuals. We suggest that broader, large-scale environmental problems are much more difficult to solve than narrower, small-scale ones, precisely because humans have evolved to discount such themes; stringent regulations and the formation of coalitions, combined with economic incentives to use alternatives and economic disincentives (fines) not to do so, may be the only potential solutions to some major, transboundary environmental issues.In preparing this argument, we have reviewed literature from many scholarly fields well outside the narrow scope of our expertise in behavioural ecology and wildlife conservation. Our reading of many works from anthropology, economics, political science, public policy, and international development, will doubtless seem naïve and simplistic to practitioners of those fields, and solving all environmental problems will ultimately take expertise from all of these fields and more. In general, however, we have found agreement for many of our ideas from these disparate disciplines, but much of their literature does not allow for a rigorous, quantitative hypothesis-testing approach to analysing the main thesis presented here — an approach that we, as scientists, would encourage. We hope to challenge people interested in environmental issues from many perspectives, to consider our arguments and find evidence,proorcon, so that we (collectively) may come closer to a better analysis of, and ultimately to solutions for, our most pressing environmental problems.

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McKenzie, P. F., e Alecia Bellgrove. "No outbreeding depression at a regional scale for a habitat-forming intertidal alga with limited dispersal". Marine and Freshwater Research 57, n. 6 (2006): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf05078.

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Abstract (sommario):

Hormosira banksii is distributed throughout southern Australasia, but dispersal of propagules is thought to be limited. In the present study, the hypothesis that outbreeding depression occurs in H. banksii was tested by assessing fertilisation success and early development of embryos in crosses between populations at local to regional spatial scales. Hierarchical experiments were conducted at three spatial scales with nesting present within each scale: small scale (within a rocky shore population), intermediate scale (regions separated by 70 km) and large scale (450-km separation between two states: Victoria and Tasmania). In each experiment, eggs and sperm were crossed within and between each population located in the spatial scale of interest. There were no consistent patterns of variable fertilisation success and subsequent development within a population or at different spatial scales. It was concluded that outbreeding depression is not detected in analyses of fertilisation success or early development processes in H. banksii. The results suggest one of the following to be likely: (1) H. banksii is capable of longer distance dispersal than previously considered, thus maintaining gene flow between distant populations, (2) gene flow is restricted by limited dispersal, but populations have not been isolated for a sufficient length of time to cause genetic divergence or (3) outbreeding depression is manifested as effects on later life-history stages.

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42

Crawford, Michael H. "History of Human Biology (1929-2004)". Human Biology 76, n. 6 (2004): 805–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hub.2005.0013.

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Crawford, Michael H. "History of Human Biology (1929-2009)". Human Biology 82, n. 3 (giugno 2010): 331–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hub.2010.a389560.

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44

Goodrum, M. R. "Studying human origins: disciplinary history and epistemology". Journal of Human Evolution 44, n. 3 (marzo 2003): 395–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0047-2484(03)00002-2.

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45

Evans, John. "Excavations on oronsay: Prehistoric human ecology on a small island". Journal of Archaeological Science 16, n. 1 (gennaio 1989): 107–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0305-4403(89)90059-9.

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46

Slavova, Veselina, e Simeon Simeonov. "Ethical Problems Arising from Human Experimentation: History and Regulation". Varna Medical Forum 11 (31 dicembre 2022): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.14748/vmf.v11i0.9004.

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47

Esteban-Guitart, Moisès. "A natural history of human thinking". Animal Behaviour 92 (giugno 2014): 73–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.anbehav.2014.03.028.

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48

Baker, Cindy F., Carla Riva Rossi, Pamela Quiroga, Emily White, Peter Williams, Jane Kitson, Christopher M. Bice et al. "Morphometric and physical characteristics distinguishing adult Patagonian lamprey, Geotria macrostoma from the pouched lamprey, Geotria australis". PLOS ONE 16, n. 5 (5 maggio 2021): e0250601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0250601.

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Abstract (sommario):

The pouched lamprey, Geotria australis Gray, 1851, has long been considered monotypic in the Geotriidae family with a wide southern temperate distribution across Australasia and South America. Recent studies have provided molecular and morphological evidence for a second Geotria species in South America; Geotria macrostoma (Burmeister, 1868). The aim of this study was to determine morphometric and physical characteristics of adult G. macrostoma that further differentiate this re-instated species of Geotriidae from G. australis. The diagnostic features discriminating immature adult G. macrostoma from G. australis when entering fresh water, are distinct differences in dentition, oral papillae and fimbriae counts and differences in coloration. In addition, G. macrostoma display greater growth of the prebranchial region and oral disc and has a deeper body depth and higher condition factor. All current ecological knowledge of the genus Geotria is based on Australasian populations, which may not be applicable to G. macrostoma. To ensure the conservation and protection of the Patagonian lamprey as a re-identified species, further investigations are needed to understand its life history, biology and ecology throughout its range.

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Shaw, Ben, Simon Coxe, Jemina Haro, Karen Privat, Simon Haberle, Felicitas Hopf, Emily Hull, Stuart Hawkins e Geraldine Jacobsen. "Smallest Late Pleistocene inhabited island in Australasia reveals the impact of post-glacial sea-level rise on human behaviour from 17,000 years ago". Quaternary Science Reviews 245 (ottobre 2020): 106522. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2020.106522.

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50

Rocha, Jorge. "The Evolutionary History of Human Skin Pigmentation". Journal of Molecular Evolution 88, n. 1 (30 luglio 2019): 77–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00239-019-09902-7.

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