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Tesi sul tema "Human agency"
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1
Peacock, Mark S. "On human agency". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.389884.
Testo completo
2
Laub, H. Joan. "Transformation of human agency". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/32276.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The general purpose of this study was to examine transformations of human agency in natural contexts. Existing theoretical formulations have primarily been confined to laboratory investigations. Moreover, the principles generated by such theories have not been validated beyond the laboratory setting. With this purpose in mind, there were two immediate aims of the study. The first aim was to contribute to counselling theory by assessing five prominent theories of human agency and providing a basis from which to potentially establish more adequate theoretical formulations. The second aim was to contribute to counselling practice by providing concrete information and a more informed basis through which to enhance agency in clients.
A multiple case study design integrating intensive interviewing and Q-methodology was utilized for the study. Ten individuals, five women and five men, ranging in age from 28 to 64, were identified through a network of contacts for participation in the study. Based upon convergence of qualitative evidence from interviews and quantitative evidence from Q-sorts, rich, detailed narrative accounts of transformation were constructed for each individual. Each account was validated by the individual for whom each was written and by an independent reviewer. Through a comparative analysis of the ten diverse accounts of transformation,
extensive commonality was identified. Twenty-two common themes were extracted from the accounts that portrayed significant features of the transformation. Based on these themes, an abstract story of the common pattern revealed in the transformation was plotted.
Individual aspects of each of the theories of agency were validated as well as qualified in some important ways. In addition, the results extended these theories in three main ways. First, the results indicated that transformations of human agency were complex wholes that involved a configuration of features rather than any one or two isolated features. Second, the findings indicated that context played a critical role in transformations of agency. And third, the results emphasized the important role of powerful emotions in the process of transformation. The results of this study also generated a beginning holistic portrait of transformation which has implications for counsellors in terms of understanding and facilitating transformations of agency in clients.Education, Faculty of
Educational and Counselling Psychology, and Special Education (ECPS), Department of
Graduate
3
Paraskevaides, Andreas. "Social constraints on human agency". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/5655.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this thesis, I present a view according to which folk psychology is not only used for predictive and explanatory purposes but also as a normative tool. I take it that this view, which I delineate in chapter 1, can help us account for different aspects of human agency and with solving a variety of puzzles that are associated with developing such an account. My goal is to examine what it means to act as an agent in a human society and the way in which the nature of our agency is also shaped by the normative constraints inherent in the common understanding of agency that we share with other agents. As I intend to demonstrate, we can make significant headway in explaining the nature of our capacity to express ourselves authoritatively in our actions in a self-knowing and self-controlled manner if we place this capacity in the context of our social interactions, which depend on a constant exchange of reasons in support of our actions. My main objective is to develop a promising account of human agency within a folk-psychological setting by mainly focusing on perspectives from the philosophy of action and mind, while still respecting more empirically oriented viewpoints from areas such as cognitive science and neuroscience. Chapter 2 mainly deals with the nature of self-knowledge and with our capacity to express this knowledge in our actions. I argue that our self-knowledge is constituted by the normative judgments we make and that we use these judgments to regulate our behaviour in accordance to our folk-psychological understanding of agency. We are motivated to act as such because of our motive to understand ourselves, which has developed through our training as self-knowing agents in a folk-psychological framework. Chapter 3 explores the idea that we develop a self-concept which enables us to act in a self-regulating manner. I distinguish self-organization from selfregulation and argue that we are self-regulating in our exercises of agency because we have developed a self-concept that we can express in our actions. What makes us distinct from other self-regulating systems, however, is that we can also recognize and respond to the fact that being such systems brings us under certain normative constraints and that we have to interact with others who are similarly constrained. Chapter 4 is mainly concerned with placing empirical evidence which illustrate the limits of our conscious awareness and control in the context of our account of agency as a complex, emergent social phenomenon. Finally, chapter 5 deals with the way in which agentive breakdowns such as self-deceptive inauthenticity fit with this account.
4
Thomas, Joanne May. "Electroacoustic composition indicative of human agency". Thesis, City University London, 2005. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/8482/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The aim of this PhD is to present works which examine the expression of human agency within electroacoustic music. 'The Voice', Noise and Metaphorh ave been used as chapter headings within which kinetic gesture, phonemic association, identity and gendered space are examined. Seven original works are presented: Moyle, Unconditional is the Dalvil, Dark Noise, Angel, Night Music for Radio, Glitch and the mixed clectroacoustic and instrumental works Red Ganies and Less. Angel was written as a work for film and clectroacoustic sound and also as a work for pure clectroacoustic sound. Both versions arc included within this portfolio. Chapter I (Voice) explores issues of 'voice" and 'the voice' within the works Woffle, Dark Noise and Angel. In this chapter is an exploration of Woulle and its relationship to the narrative of Red Riding Hood. The role of imaginary space, phonetic content and physical behaviour of an electroacoustic sound world are issues which are discussed in relation to Dark Noise. Chapter 2 (Noise) is a detailed examination of the methodology of my compositional approach towards the use of micro-sounds, and the poetic implication of the glitch and the digital click. In this chapter there is also a poetic examination of the approach towards the use of noise as a 'skin of sound' where musical expression is captured within 'fissures of glitch' which perforate the surface. Chapter 3 (Metaphor) presents an examination of how metaphor is used throughout my music. The works Woffle, Dark Noise and Angel are examined. A poetic exploration of Michel Chion's theory of 'synchresis' is presented in relation to the work Angel.
5
De, Angelis Maria Ivanna. "Human trafficking : women's stories of agency". Thesis, University of Hull, 2012. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5823.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis is about women’s stories of agency in a trafficking experience. The idea of agency is a difficult concept to fathom, given the unscrupulous acts and exploitative practices which demarcate and define trafficking. In response to the three Ps of trafficking policy (prevention and protection of victims and the simultaneous prosecution of traffickers) official discourse constructs trafficking agency in singular opposition to trafficking victimhood. The ‘true’ victim of trafficking is reified in attributes of passivity and worthiness, whereas signs of women’s agency are read as consent in their own predicament or as culpability in criminal justice and immigration rule breaking. Moving beyond the official lack or criminal fact of agency, this research adds knowledge on agency constructed with, on, and by women possessing a trafficking experience. This fills an internationally recognised gap in the trafficking discourse. Within the thesis, female agency is explored in feminist terms of women’s immediate well-being agency (their physical safety and economic needs) and their longer term requirements for agency freedom (their capacity to construct choices and the conditions affecting choice). This feminist exploration of the terrain on trafficking found ways in which female agency takes shape in relationship and in degrees to women’s subjective and structural victimisation. Based upon the stories of twenty six women gathered through an in-depth qualitative study, agency is visible in identity, decision making and actions. Women fashioned individual trafficking identities from their subjective engagement with the official trafficking descriptors. Additionally, their identification with ties to home (expressed via family relationships, occupational roles, national dress and ethnic food) helped to sustain their pre-trafficking personas. Women exhibited agency in risk taking and choices (initial, shared, constrained and precarious), which characterised their journeys and explained their grading of trafficking ‘pains’. Significantly, the fieldwork raised women’s engagement with ‘the rules’ and practices of the host society, as a way of realising new social, recreational, educational, employment, sexual and consumer related freedoms. Acknowledging the international and UK serious organised crime frame on trafficking, the fieldwork also included fifteen interviews with anti-trafficking professionals involved in delivering the three Ps of trafficking policy. This complementary standpoint to women’s stories presents ways in which official actors helped and hindered women’s achievement of well-being and agency freedoms. Crucially, in addressing trafficking as an evolving and integral aspect in contemporary global movement - displaying similarity and cross over with migration, smuggling, asylum and refugee accounts - this research unearthed trafficking exploitations and experiences around transnational marriage, which have been traditionally isolated and overlooked by UK trafficking discourse and policy platforms.
6
Wells, Cecilia Emily. "Institutional racism : human agency or structural phenomenon?" Thesis, Royal Holloway, University of London, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430888.
Testo completo
7
Miranda, Alvaro. "Agency, human dignity and subjective well-being". Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/134489.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Tesis para optar al grado de Magíster en Análisis EconómicoAutor no autoriza el acceso a texto completo de su documento
Over the last two decades there has been an important shift in the way economists understand welfare and development. The discipline has gone from assessing wellbeing in terms of an unideminsional measure like income, to multidimensional measures that take into account non-economic variables such as what individuals do and can do, how they feel, and the natural environment they live in (Alkire, 2002; Stiglitz et al., 2009; Alkire and Foster, 2011; Alkire and Santos, 2014). In the vein of Amartya Sen's in uential work, development is seen as the process of expanding freedoms that people value and have reason to value (Sen, 1999). Two important aspects of this freedom linked to the basis of social rights are agency and human dignity (Gauri, 2004). Agency freedom refers to what the person is free to do and achieve in pursuit of whatever goals or values he or she regards as important (Sen, 1985). On the other hand, dignity is related with social inclusion, taking part in the life of the community (Sen, 1999).1 This paper explores the importance of agency, and dignity in explaining subjective well- being. We are speci cally interested in measures of life satisfaction and job satisfaction. Our work uses a unique dataset of Chilean households, the \Other Dimensions of Household Quality of Life" survey, especially designed by the Oxford Poverty and Human Development Initiative (OPHI) to gather internationally comparable indicators on employment quality, empowerment, physical safety, human dignity and psychological and subjective wellbeing, sometimes referred as the missing dimensions of poverty (Alkire, 2007). Our hypothesis is that agency is positively correlated with individual's subjective wellbe- ing, because it re ects the capacity the individual has to do what he values. The measure we use for agency is related with the individual's perception of freedom to decide for himself how to lead his life. A natural interpretation of the hypothesis is thus that the more freedom an individual has to decide how to lead her life, more wellbeing she experiences. On the other hand, our hypothesis is that individuals less likely to regularly experience shame in public are associated with higher subjective wellbeing. In particular, we focus on two aspects of dignity: shame proneness and discrimination. Therefore, individuals that experience more shame or feel discriminated should experience less wellbeing. Our rst set of results provides correlational evidence on the importance of agency, shame and discrimination in life satisfaction. The results suggest that agency, shame and discrimi- nation are correlated with life satisfaction. Next, we explore if agency and discrimination at work are correlated with job satisfaction. The results show that both agency and discrimi- nation at work explain job satisfaction. An important potencial source of bias in our estimates is the absence of personality traits. It has been shown that genetics factor are strongly correlated with happiness (Lykken and Tellegen, 1996; Inglehart and Klingemann, 2000). Moreover, personality traits as repressive- defensiveness, trust, emotional stability, locus of control-chance, desire for control, hardiness, positive a ectivity, private collective self-esteem, and tension have been linked to subjective wellbeing (DeNeve and Cooper, 1998; Diener et al., 2003). In order to attenuate the potencial bias for omitting personality traits, we follow Van Praag and Ferrer-i Carbonell (2008) and we construct a measure of personality traits that we in- clude in our regressions.The results show an important positive bias in the estimates of the relationship between subjective wellbeing, agency, shame and discrimination. In particular, after controlling by personality traits the OLS parameters associated with agency and shame decrease their magnitude in nearly 50% in the life satisfaction estimates. Also, the parameter associated with discrimination decreases in magnitude and becomes statistically insigni cant. On the other hand, the bias is less important in the estimates of job satisfaction, agency and discrimination. Overall, our results show that the di erence in life satisfaction between individuals who feel they have freedom to decide for themselves how to lead their life in comparison with the individuals that don't, has the same magnitude as the di erence in life satisfaction between people from the rst and fth quintile of income. Also, being in the fth quintile of the shame proneness index in comparison with the rst quintile has the same e ect on life satisfaction as the di erence in life satisfaction between the people from the second and fth quintile of income. Finally, perceived discrimination is not associated with life satisfaction. On the other hand, individuals with more agency at work are more satis ed with their job. In particular, individuals that do their job only because they need the money are less satis ed with their job in comparison with the individuals that do their job because they find almost twice the e ect related with working part-time. This study contributes to the recent but vast literature on subjective wellbeing and the literature on multidimensional wellbeing in development, more speci cally to recent studies emphasizing the importance of measuring dimensions of wellbeing that seem central to human development traditionally ignored in empirical work. Our results related with the relationship between agency and subjective wellbeing are consistent with international evidence (Veen- hoven, 2000; Welzel et al., 2003; Inglehart et al., 2008; Verme, 2009; Welzel and Inglehart, 2010; Fischer and Boer, 2011; Victor et al., 2013). The same can be said with respect to the results related with the relationship between perceived discrimination and subjective well- being (Werkuyten and Nekuee, 1999; Pascoe and Smart Richman, 2009). To our knowledge the association between subjective wellbeing and shame proneness has not been explored before. More closely related to our paper, Inglehart et al. (2008) and Welzel and Inglehart (2010) provide cross country evidence of the link between subjective wellbeing and freedom. In particular, Welzel and Inglehart (2010) presents a human development model that links agency to subjective wellbeing. Using data form the World Values Survey, they show that people that have more opportunities in life put more emphasis on emancipative values, and, in turn, their gains in agency have a greater impact in their subjective wellbeing. On the other hand, Verme (2009) tries to address the role of personality traits in the relationship of agency and subjective wellbeing. He argue that the locus of control plays an important role in how humans value freedom of choice. Using a combination of all rounds of the World and European Value Surveys, he nds that the variables that measures freedom of choice and the locus of control predicts life satisfaction better than any other factors included in the study. In particular, people who believe that the outcome of their actions depends on internal factors appreciate more having freedom than people who believe that the results of their actions are determined by external factors. This work, highlights the importance of taking into account personality traits when analyzing the relationship between agency and subjective wellbeing. Our paper contributes to the literature mainly in three ways. First, alongside with Verme (2009) we make a special e ort in order to control by personality traits which allow us avoid bias in the estimates of the relationship between subjective wellbeing, agency, shame and discrimination. Second, we explore the relationship between subjective wellbeing and shame. Third, we analyze the relationship between job satisfaction, agency and discrimination. The rest of the paper is organized as follows: Section 2 describes the data and introduces our measures of agency and dignity. Section 3 presents the empirical strategy. Section 4 presents the estimation results. Section 5 concludes.
8
Taylor, Teresa Brooks. "Agency Training 101". Digital Commons @ East Tennessee State University, 2012. https://dc.etsu.edu/etsu-works/3640.
Testo completo
9
Apeldoorn, Laurens van. "Human agency in Hobbes's moral and political philosophy". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2011. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.543598.
Testo completo
10
ROSELLI, CECILIA. "Vicarious Sense of Agency in Human-Robot Interaction". Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Genova, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/11567/1070568.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Sense of Agency (SoA) is the feeling of having control over one’s actions and outcomes. In humans’ daily life, SoA shapes whether, and how, people feel responsible for their actions, which has profound implications for the organization of human societies. Thus, SoA has received considerable attention in psychology and cognitive neuroscience, which tried to identify the cognitive mechanism underlying the emergence of the individual experience of agency. However, humans are inherently social animals, who are deeply immersed in social contexts with others. Thus, investigations of SoA cannot be limited to understanding the individual experience of agency, as SoA also affects the way people experience others’ actions: this is how SoA becomes “vicarious”. Humans can experience vicarious SoA over another human’s actions and outcomes; however, the mechanisms underlying the emergence of vicarious SoA are still under debate. In this context, focusing on artificial agents may help shed light on the vicarious SoA phenomenon. Specifically, robots are an emerging category of artificial agents, designed to assist humans in a variety of tasks- from elderly care to rescue missions. The present Ph.D. thesis aimed at investigating whether, and under which conditions, robots elicit vicarious SoA in humans in the context of Human-Robot Interaction (HRI). Moreover, we aimed at assessing whether vicarious SoA may serve as an implicit measure of intentionality attribution towards robots. The link between vicarious SoA and intentionality attribution was based on the idea that, in some contexts, humans can perceive robots as intentional agents, and it may “boost” the “vicarious” control that they experience over robot’s actions and outcomes- as well as it happens with other humans.
In three studies, we employed the Intentional Binding (IB) paradigm as a reliable measure of implicit SoA. Participants performed an IB task with different types of robots varying in their degree of anthropomorphic features and human-like shape (i.e., the Cozmo robot and the iCub robot). Specifically, our goal was to assess whether the emergence of vicarious SoA in humans was modulated by (1) the possibility to represent robot’s actions using one’s own motor schemes, (2) the attribution of intentionality towards robots, and (3) the human-like shape of the robot. Our results suggested that the interplay of these three factors modulates the emergence of vicarious SoA in HRI. In conclusion, the findings collected in the present thesis contribute to the field of research on the vicarious SoA phenomenon in HRI, providing useful hints to design robots well-tailored to humans’ attitudes and needs.
11
Limerick, Hannah. "Investigating the sense of agency in human-computer interaction". Thesis, University of Bristol, 2016. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.715757.
Testo completo
12
Elder-Vass, David John. "The theory of emergence, social structure and human agency". Thesis, Birkbeck (University of London), 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430776.
Testo completo
13
Collard, Rosemary-Claire Magdeleine Solange. "Cougar-human entanglements on Vancouver Island : relational agency and space". Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/13702.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Vancouver Island is home to what is estimated to be the densest cougar population in North America. Over the last century and a half, cougar and human residents of the Island have not co-existed peacefully. From government-sponsored bounty hunts of cougars to cougar attacks on children, encounters between humans and cougars, although rare, have been violent and often lethal. In this thesis, work in Actor Network theory, feminist science studies, and posthuman geographies, specifically concerning themes of agency and space, is brought to bear on cougar-human relationships on Vancouver Island. The thesis focuses on two sites and processes within cougars and humans are drawn into obvious entanglements: cougar-human “conflict” in the southern Island town of Sooke in the mid-late twentieth century, and contemporary cougar science on the west coast of the Island in Pacific Rim National Park Reserve. The case studies examine what it means to be entangled with cougars, and what these entanglements reveal about the production and maintenance of species boundaries, nonhuman agency, and the generation of science and knowledge. In this project, I am interested in the sensual exchange between cougars and humans who are knotted in encounter and how networks of multiple species and technological mediators develop around these exchanges. Theorists in animal geographies, hybrid, posthuman, or “more-than-human” geographies, science and technology studies, and feminist science studies, have begun to bring attention to the multiple ways human and animal lives are intertwined. Too often, this research and writing retains a residual anthropocentric focus, and the animals of the story are backgrounded in troubling ways, reproducing the privileging of human subjects over that of animals. My research seeks to foreground cougars and how they matter to the production of knowledge and the constitution of natural-cultural space on Vancouver Island.
14
Rinfret, Louis. "The role of human agency in strategic alliances : managerial perspectives". Thesis, Lancaster University, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.539651.
Testo completo
15
Walsh, Ryan Nicholas. "The Agency and Empathy of Non-Human Others : How Non-Human Agency Anticipates the Anthropocene in Philip K. Dick’s Do Androids Dream of Electric Sheep?" Thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Institutionen för språk, litteratur och lärande, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-37606.
Testo completo
16
Kervoas, Gael. "Thomas Reid's theory of agency". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2001. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.369629.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Essays on the Active Powers of Man are Thomas Reid's last major work, where the Scottish philosopher presents an original theory of human agency. This thesis is a critical reconstruction of Reid's theory, showing how it completes his earlier Essays on the Intellectual Powers. It is argued that Reid's theory of agency must be understood as uncovering the essential aspects of the actions of human persons, and therefore that it provides an understanding of the nature of personality and of the agency proper to persons. If Reid's arguments often appear as negative responses to philosophers that have preceded him, Locke and Hume in particular, what underlies these criticisms is in fact a positive and coherent conception of man. The metaphysics of personal identity and agency thus constitutes the framework in which Reid develops a moral psychology in a naturalistic spirit, as well as an analysis and defence of the possibility of free agency, what he calls man's "moral liberty". By virtue of their natural constitution, human beings are able to exert their voluntary abilities according to particular reasons. They are thereby free from necessity and capable of self-government, as moral and responsible agents. Reid's theory of action and morality reveals important aspects of human nature, and especially the irreducibility of human agency and personality. The Essays on the Active Powers then constitute an essential part of his philosophy, whether it be understood as a "science of man" or as a "philosophy of common sense".
17
Simeunovic, Sara Lynn. "Female Democratic Agency: Lessons from Rural Haiti". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/87531.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Rural Haiti provides an excellent case to study the human security crisis threatening women. Haitian women are often single mothers, leading average households of 4-6. In elected positions, female leadership is seldom recognized. With only 3.5% of parliament comprised of female leaders, policies decided at the state level seldom address the challenges women face in the countryside (HDI, 2017). Haiti has the highest mortality rate for children below the age of 5 and expectant mothers in the Western Hemisphere (WHO, 2017). This crisis is a significant one. When a mother struggles, both her life and her child's are threatened.
Yet the human security crisis is not all we can learn from rural Haiti. We can also examine the unique ways women have chosen to respond to this crisis and the potential for female democratic agency. There is a significant lack of elected female officials in Haiti. This fact invites us to consider the impact rural Haitian females, such as the famn chay, are potentially making in Haiti. Famn chay are traditional birth attendants who assist mothers in their home deliveries. They are also first responders in times of crisis, providing meals to hungry families and using their collective resources to benefit children in need. Some famn chay, I suggest, are promoting an innovative form of democratic agency through their local community council, konsey kominote. Such form of agency does not focus on formal mechanisms of representation. Instead, threatened by growing social and income inequalities, this particular group has chosen to organize to address the human security crisis currently threatening women in rural Haiti.MA
The human security crisis threatening women and children in rural Haiti has motivated Haitian traditional birth attendants known as the famn chay, to generate a response relative to the crisis and generate social change. This crisis is a significant one. When a mother struggles in childbirth, both the life of her and her child’s are threatened. Women in rural Haiti also face gender and economic inequalities. Despite these realities, the famn chay have chosen to mobilize and create what is known as a konsey kominote. Konsey kominote are community groups found throughout rural Haiti and are a key entry points for citizen engagement for many rural Haitians. This study seeks to examine the unique ways the famn chay have chosen to respond to the crisis through their konsey kominote and the potential for female democratic agency. There is a significant lack of elected female officials in Haiti. The historical roots of female gender discrimination stretch as far back as Haiti’s independence. By researching the impact rural Haitian females, such as the famn chay, are making in Haiti, we can begin to discover the potential for female democratic agency existing in rural Haiti.
18
Arnall, Alexander H. "Development interventions in Mozambique: human agency and the NGO-community interface". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2007. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.486966.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
It is increasingly recognised that poor people in developing countries are continually devising new and innovative strategies for exercising agency in development arenas. The apparent failure of top-down instrumental and critical perspectives in capturing these strategies has led to recent exploration for new possibilities in neo-populist development theory and practice. This research seeks to determine the role of human agency in NGO-initiated community-driven development (CDD) in rural Mozambique. This aim is achieved through the application of interface analysis to two comparative case study resettlement communities that were constructed by an international and a national NGO following the floods of 2000. In both communities research investigates the implementation of food security projects from a range of different perspectives using a variety of qualitative-based Participatory Rural Appraisal techniques and conventional methods. The findings provide insight into the commonly-observed disparity between rhetoric and practice in CDD. In order to maximise their room-for-manoeuvre, the case study NGOs create representations of the development process that are far simpler than the realities of their operational activities on the ground. The findings do not sustain the instrumental perspectives upheld by the case study NGOs of how interventions proceed. Critical views of CDD account well for observed shortcomings in reaching marginalised community groups. Community members affected by intervention are found to exercise agency in the pursuit of diverse interests across the NGO-community interface. These include community leaders, who are able to significantly shape local institutions introduced by the NGOs, and less powerful groups, who manipulate project discourse in managing their own relationships with external actors. The study concludes that a deeper understanding by NGOs of the local situations in which they operate, combined with a more flexible approach to project implementation, would allow more locally-grounded alternatives to NGO-centred interpretations of development to be acted upon
19
Libengood, James. "At the Intersection of Human Agency and Technology| Genetically Modified Organisms". Thesis, University of South Florida, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1605055.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Since the Neolithic period and the rise of agriculture along Mesopotamia’s “Fertile Crescent,” greater societies have formed thus requiring laws and governance to ensure their continued preservation. The Babylonian Code of Hammurabi is one such example of how agricultural technologies directly created new social and institutional structures in codifying slavery into law, or how mercantile transactions are to be conducted. Similarly, GMOs are the result of modern agricultural technologies that are altering laws and society as a result of their implementation. This transformation informs the central inquiries of my research question: Why are GMOs necessary, and what influences do they have on the project of human rights? As our age is defined by the products of bioluminescent – or glow-in-the-dark – cats and goats that can excrete spider silk proteins from their mammary glands, these questions become essential. I conclude that the technology does not, at least conceptually, conflict with or undermine human rights. Instrumental reason has firm limitations in biological applications as well as conflict with its inherent anarchical nature. We are now compelled to question the utility of genetic engineering and if it merely places humanity into another precarious “arms race” with weeds and pests, in addition to the pressure of maintaining current dependencies of petrochemicals, fertilizers, and continued observations of ecological homeostasis.
20
Goldberg, Michael. "The Sense of Agency: Underlying Neurocognitive Mechanisms and its Attribution to Human and Non-Human Co-Actors". Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/19116.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Das Gefühl der Kontrolle über die eigenen körperlichen Handlungen, und dadurch über
die externe Umwelt ist einer der Grundpfeiler unserer menschlichen Existenz. Dieser
fundamentale Aspekt der Identität ist bekannt als ‘Sense of Agency’ (SoA). Innerhalb
der Neurowissenschaften begann die intensive Untersuchung dieses faszinierenden
Konzepts erst innerhalb der letzten zwei Jahrzehnte. Das vorliegende
Forschungsprojekt befasst sich mit zwei zentralen Aspekten des Sense of Agency. Zum
einen wurden die zwei zugrundeliegenden neurokognitiven Mechanismen ‘Vorhersage’ und ‘Retrospektive Inferenz’ untersucht. Zum anderen wurde die Zuschreibung von Agency bei weiteren Ko-Akteuren, mit denen eine gemeinsame Aufgabe bewältigt werden musste untersucht. Das durchgeführte Forschungsprojekt trägt somit zu einem tieferen Verständnis
menschlicher Agency auf individueller Ebene und im sozialen Kontext bei. Außerdem
liefert es Implikationen für die Mensch-Maschine-Interaktion und die Verbesserung
zukünftiger Mensch-Maschine-Schnittstellen.The seamless feeling of control over one’s own bodily actions, and through them, over the external environment is one of the cornerstones of our existence as human beings. This fundamental aspect of personal identity has been termed the sense of agency (SoA). It is only within the last two decades that this intriguing concept has begun to be intensively studied in the cognitive neurosciences. In the current research project we addressed two central aspects of the sense of agency. First, we investigated its underlying neurocognitive mechanisms: prediction and retrospective inference. Second, we looked into the attribution of agency to other co-actors when cooperating in a joint task. Overall, the current research project has made a step towards a better and deeper understanding of human agency in the individual as well as the social contexts. Additionally, the findings presented in this work inform the field of human-computerinteraction and contribute to the improvement of future interface designs.
21
Wilcox, Marc Gareth. "The agency account of moral status : defending the equal moral status of humans and non-human animals". Thesis, University of Leeds, 2017. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/19901/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this thesis, I argue that humans and sentient animals have equal moral status in the sense that they ought to have like interests equally considered. Furthermore, they are owed strong pro tanto duties to be free from having pain inflicted upon them, having their lives ended and having their liberty restricted. I argue for these claims by developing and defending an account of moral status grounded in agency. This account takes agency, understood as the capacity to act on motivating reasons, to be the necessary and sufficient condition for moral status. Further, I argue that agency is sufficient to have interests in liberty, continued existence and freedom from pain. As such we pro tanto wrong agents when we frustrate these interests. I show that sentient beings necessarily possess agency in the relevant sense, because the best account of the nature of sentience, entails that sentient beings have the psychological resources to form and act upon motivating reasons. Thus, I argue that sentient animals must possess interests in liberty, continued existence and freedom from pain, just as autonomous agents do. Therefore we should take all agents, regardless of further facts about their abilities, to possess equal moral status and be owed pro tanto duties to be free from having pain inflicted upon them, having their lives ended and having their liberty restricted.
22
Warner, Sandra Gunderson. "Agency Policies and Personnel Attitudes Toward Adolescent Fathers". DigitalCommons@USU, 1991. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/2379.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Adolescent parenting research has typically focused on the mother and ignored the father . Researchers have suggested that adolescent fathers are disregarded as the child's other parent because their parenting role is devalued. An emerging body of literature indicates that adolescent fathers are excluded from the pregnancy and parenting services provided to adolescent mothers because they are viewed as unnecessary to the parenting process and unimportant to the child's development. Moreover, researchers have alleged that service providers treat adolescent fathers as outcasts based on stereotypical beliefs that they are uncaring, irresponsible victimizers who disappear at the first mention of pregnancy. However, there is no empirical evidence to support these claims.
The purpose of this thesis is to question these allegations and provide some evidence to either support or refute them. A survey of northern Utah agencies and the personnel who provide pregnancy and parenting services to adolescent mothers was conducted as the means to investigate this issue.
The results of the survey do not provide conclusive evidence although they do suggest that the participating agencies and their personnel do not have policies or attitudes that intentionally exclude adolescent fathers from receiving services. Those surveyed consider fathers to be important to the pregnancy experience and the child's development. However , they do not make a deliberate effort to encourage adolescent fathers to take advantage of their services, nor do they employ effective strategies for making adolescent males aware of their services.
23
New, Caroline. "If humanly possible : theories of psychoanalysis and the scope of human agency". Thesis, University of Bristol, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.335279.
Testo completo
24
Ade, Fanen. "Human agency and capability : a bottom-up perspective from North Central Nigeria". Thesis, Middlesex University, 2017. http://eprints.mdx.ac.uk/22964/.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This dissertation engages an academic discourse around the Capability Approach, and how human agency and functioning is understood in North Central Nigeria. The goal is to contribute a top-down theoretical and bottom-up communitarian human development model that is complementary, and that understands how human agency and functioning is interpreted in North Central Nigeria and its application in Development Studies. This argument is built on the thesis that what people value determines their development. I explore the conversation on the applicability of Sen and Nussbaum’s conceptualization of the Capability Approach. Both Sen and Nussbaum correct an earlier focus and emphasis on a quantitative measure of human development by making a case to measure ‘what people value’ using the instrumentality of democracy. I argue that Sen and Nussbaum’s Capability Approach is incomplete/top-down requiring bottom-up practical relational approaches to concretize it. I accomplish this by bringing in Alkire and Denuelin’s recommendations on the need to prioritize and show applicability of capabilities in policy using empirical data from the field. I demonstrate that a Capability Approach focusing on what people value requires a bottom-up methodological approach in two ways. First, I demonstrate that the incompleteness of the Capability Approach is its inability to recognize the role of institutions, history and cultural realities. I argue that institutions as rules of the game and patterns of social interaction constitute the core of democratization processes but are not adequately situated. Secondly, I demonstrate that a Capability Approach that is ‘fully human’ has to contend with, and give the right measure of analysis to ‘being’ and ‘doing’ using empirical field data. As a response, I present primary data to show how the people define development, understand Being through self-consciousness based on belonging as value. I contend that this informs their interpretation of human agency and function. In concluding, the dissertation argues for complementarity in application of top-down functional theoretical approaches with bottom-up practical relational models.
25
Paphitis, Sharli Anne. "Control and vulnerability : reflections on the nature of human agency and personhood". Thesis, Rhodes University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1018671.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Following the writings of philosophers such as Harry Frankfurt, Gary Watson, and Alfred Mele, in this thesis I defend some central claims of the self-control view of human agency. However, I not only defend, but also supplement this view in the following two ways. First, drawing on work by Mary Midgley and Sigmund Freud I advance the claim that self-control requires the experience of internal conflict between an agent’s motivations and intentions. Second, drawing on insights from Simone de Beauvoir and Friedrich Nietzsche, as well as recent research in social psychology and cognitive science, I will argue in this thesis that self-control and vulnerability are inextricably intertwined with one another, and that as a result both are to be seen as constitutive of human agency. While it is the capacity for self-control that marks us out as human agents, I argue that it is also our uniquely human vulnerability which distinguishes our agency from the kind of agency which we might attribute to other potential or actual forms of sentience. Further, while the concepts of human agency and personhood are typically conflated in the analytic tradition of philosophy, in this thesis I will show that there are good reasons for understanding these two concepts as subtly distinct from one another. The term personhood, I will argue, can fruitfully be understood in substantive rather than purely formal terms. A person, in the superlative sense, is to be understood as someone who exercises their agency well; and, as such, persons are answerable to a number of normative prescriptions. Following Midgley, Nietzsche and Martha Nussbaum, I argue against Frankfurt’s normative prescription for personhood in the form of what he calls ‘wholeheartedness’, and offer four normative prescriptions for personhood of my own.
26
Miller, Michael R. "FARM WOODLOTS IN THE SOCIAL LANDSCAPE: HUMAN AGENCY IN A STRUCTURED LANDSCAPE". Ohio University / OhioLINK, 2005. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1113832077.
Testo completo
27
Wilkins, Helen. "The evolution of the built environment : complexity, human agency and thermal performance". Thesis, The University of Sydney, 2006. https://hdl.handle.net/2123/29246.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The thermal environments created by buildings provide the context within which social life operates. Adjustable built environments generate diverse thermal conditions. That is, they possess the thermal capacity to produce enhanced levels of thermal choices and thermal control. Classes and assemblages of buildings that generate diverse thermal environments will increase the range of social options that the building milieu can accommodate, compared with less adjustable classes and assemblages, because they are more readily able to accommodate changing social options and circumstances. A relationship therefore exists between the thermal operational adjustability (combining thermal choices and thermal control) associated with classes of buildings and the capacity for operational adjustability possessed by communities. This means that a class of building or an assemblage of buildings, eg. a ‘pueblo’ form, that provides a highly adjustable milieu is more likely to be occupied for longer periods of time, because it can accommodate more internal social changes prior to undergoing a system—level alteration into a different class of building or settlement. Conversely, an inflexible building milieu is more likely to be occupied for shorter periods of time prior to a system-level alteration, in which change will be observed in the class of building or settlement.
28
Föhr, Stephanie. "Beyond human (self-) care : Exploring fermentation as a practice of caring with humans, non-humans and the planet Earth". Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för design (DE), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96699.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The present thesis deals with the playful exploration of fermentation as a practice of care. Fermentation has a lot of positive impacts and can be seen as a practice of care in relation to human self-care, caring with human others, relationships to non-human beings, like microorganisms, and caring with the planet Earth. Based on the question ‘What can game design do to explore fermentation as a practice beyond human (self-) care?’ I developed an Online Fermentation Game. The game functioned as a conversational framework to explore together with co-creators the possibilities of more careful and sustainability-oriented food practices on the example of fermentation. The game involved the step by step and hands-on fermentation of fruits and vegetables while exploring the complexity of care in relation to fermentation. With this project, I aimed to offer a co-learning space to explore together with co-learners the possibilities of more careful and sustainable food practices on the example of fermentation in a playful way. To create a dialogue about more than human care in relation to food, in particular fermentation. To inspire the co-learners to question their relationships around food and discover which actors to care with. Beyond this project and in a larger context, I aim for a paradigm shift from the individualistic human benefit towards a notion of more than human care. This shift can make a huge difference regarding a more sustainability-oriented future of food. With this thesis project, I strived to make a small contribution to this long term vision. Starting from the human need for healthy food, the blind spot of acknowledging fermentation as a sustainability-oriented practice beyond human care, that the majority of other fermentation workshops is missing, was explored in a playful way. The global Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic that this project happened to be situated in challenged me in creating a safe and comfortable co-learning space. Therefore, this project focused on creating a digital- and home-based game experience. To hand over, other design practitioners and change agents can apply and transform the game as part of their fermentation projects. On a broader perspective, the concept of this explorative design game can be adapted inside but also outside the food sector. The project serves as inspiration for a playful and at the same time careful approach to design and change-making. Moreover, it shows an example of shifting community spaces provoked by crises.
29
Victor, Elizabeth Kaye. "Structure and Agency: An Analysis of the Impact of Structure on Group Agents". Scholar Commons, 2012. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4246.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Different kinds of collectives help to coordinate between individuals and social groups to solve distribution problems, supply goods and services, and enable individuals to live fulfilling lives. Collectives, as part of the process of socialization, contribute to the normalization of behaviors, and consequently, structure our ability to be self-reflective autonomous agents. Contemporary philosophy of action models characterize collective action as the product of individuals who have the proper motivations to perform cooperative activities (bottom-up); or they begin with the social-level phenomena and explain this in terms of individual actions and the mental states that motivate them (top-down). One general goal of this project is to show how and why both of these approaches through focusing solely on the individuals involved fail to capture and account for important types of group actions: those of economic group agents.
Group agents, one kind of organized collective, are unique in that they have the potential to develop group-level decision-making processes that result in the capacity of the group to engage in practical reasoning. Because of this capacity, group agents can be stable and respond to reason--capacities we would not expect from other kinds of collectives. Inasmuch as we value the possibility of influencing the reflexive dynamics that perpetuate social institutions, understanding the range of organization structures and their agential capacities will open up the possibility of altering the course of those dynamics toward more just systems of organization. Understanding what kinds of group agents currently operate within the systems of organizations that make up social institutions is the first step in determining how to move toward developing group agents that are also moral agents. By analyzing how different systems of constraint--inside and outside the firm--inform one another to influence the possibility of design and the group's possibilities for action, I use Christian List and Philip Pettit's account of group agency as a springboard to develop a more adequate account of how structure influences and constrains the possibilities of economic group agents in non-idealized circumstances (i.e. this world, with our history).
My chapters include 1) a taxonomy of organization structures and an analysis of how a narrow conception of organization structure in jurisprudence can lead to systems of constraint that limit the rights and freedoms of individuals even as it seeks to extend them, 2) an evaluation of the popular accounts of collective action (cf. Raimo Tuomela, 1997; Michael Bratman, 1993, 1997, 2009; and Christian List and Philip Pettit, 2011) that could be made to accommodate the actions of certain kinds of economic associations, 3) an exploration of the standards of evaluation that influence these powerful group agents, and how these standards limit the economic group agent's capacity to engage in moral reasoning, and 4) an analysis of the group agent's reasoning capacity and the internal mode of interaction between group agent and group members that perpetuate group agency.
I argue that we can understand group agents that have the capacity to be moral agents as the products of a particular kind of decision-making process within an organization's structure. The decision-making process, together with the organization structure and group member support, produces and sustains judgments and actions at the level of the group that cannot be reduced to the beliefs and actions of particular members. In this way, the group displays a systematic unity of actions based on its own judgments. That is, the group exhibits agency. Moral group agents exhibit more than practical reasoning; they also demonstrate the capacity for critical reflection upon the ends they pursue. Member buy-in promotes a tight connection between group members and their role in bringing about and sustaining group agency, and is the foundation of the group agent. Without a holistic organization structure, a member's personal identities could undermine group aims, thereby undermining group agency. Group moral agency, I argue, begins with promoting an organizational way of life conducive to collective flourishing and respect for members.
30
Namgung, Young. "Sin and human accountability in second temple Judaism". Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/66142.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
i
Sanders (1977:114) contends that “[s]in comes only when man actually disobeys; if he were not to disobey he would not be a sinner.” This thesis was thus motivated to critique Sanders’s contention in relation to sin and human accountability in Second Temple Judaism. Before delving into various understandings of sin and human accountability of Second Temple Judaism, in Chapter 2, I deal with the Weltanschauung of Second Temple Judaism. It was observed that Israel’s covenantal history is far from discontinuous with creation at a time of severe theological, sociological, and political plights in spite of the presence of sin and evil. In Chapters 3, I deal with how the authors of 1 Enoch and Jubilees understood the presence of sin and evil. Even though the Watcher story in these Enochic traditions serves to attribute the origin of sin to the fallen angels, it was observed the Watcher story cannot quench Second Temple Jews’ uneasiness in relation to the presence of sin and evil. In Chapter 4, I deal with Qumran literature. By focusing on the term yetzer ra both in pre-Qumran and in Qumran writings, it is worth noting that Qumran literature shows a tendency to realize the severity of the sinfulness of humanity in a complicated and radicalized manner. When looking at first century Jewish (4 Ezra and 2 Baruch) and early Christian (Romans and James) literature in Chapter 5, it was observed that the authors of 4 Ezra and 2 Baruch came to develop further pessimistic anthropologies distinct from their predecessors in the Second Temple period. However, for them, a possibility is open for the few righteous remnants to obey divine commandments. It can be said that their understandings of sin and human accountability appear to be synergistic. For Paul and James, however, the paradigm of the relationship between divine agency and human agency is shifted from synergism to monergism in terms of the Jesus Christ event.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2017.
Old Testament Studies
PhD
Unrestricted
31
Labrecque, Jessica. "Cree agency and environment rethinking human development in the Cree Nation of Wemindji /". Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:8881/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=92176.
Testo completo
32
McQuade, Aidan. "Doing the right thing : human agency and ethical choice-making in professional practice". Thesis, University of Strathclyde, 2009. http://oleg.lib.strath.ac.uk:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=12770.
Testo completo
33
Brett, Annabel S. "Subjective right and human agency in later scholastic thought c. 1250 - c. 1560". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318291.
Testo completo
34
Victorin, Karin. "Practically Human. : Performing Social Robots and Feminist Aspects on Agency, Body and Gender". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Tema Genus, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-158230.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Through an experimental theatre play, this thesis explores the development of human-like agency in contemporary “social robot” technology. The entrance point of this study is the gender gap and lack of diversity in contemporary AI/robot development, with an emerging need for interdisciplinary research across robot technology and social sciences. Using feminist technoscience and critical posthumanism as the theoretical framework, this research involves an analysis of a particular social robot case, currently being developed at Furhat Robotics in Stockholm. Inspired by Judy Wajcman (2004), I analyze how socially intelligent machines impact perceptions of human agency, body, gender, and identity within cultural contexts and through interaction. The first part of the empirical research is carried out in the robot-lab. The robot is then, in the second part, invited to perform as an actor in a theatre play. Entangled amidst the other players and audience members, a queered agency starts to reveal itself through human-machine “intra-action” and embodiment (Barad 2003). Human-like agency in machines is shown to be a complex matter, drawing the conclusion that human-beings are vulnerable to a myriad of entanglements and preconceptions that artificial intelligence potentially embodies.
35
Le, Tien Hoang. "Human trafficking in Vietnam: Preventing crime and protecting victims through inter-agency cooperation". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2017. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/110537/1/Tien%20Hoang_Le_Thesis.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis is an exploratory investigation into multifaceted counter-trafficking activities in Vietnam. The study's aims include: examining inter-agency cooperation in preventing human trafficking and protecting victims; identifying root causes of the problem; and suggesting appropriate solutions to better trafficking prevention and victim protection. To achieve these aims, 25 semi-structured interviews with five different cohorts (police officers, border guards, women's union staff, social welfare staff, and staff from the Ministry of Information and Communication) were conducted. In addition, seventy government reports and five conference proceedings specific to the situation in Vietnam were collected, critically analyzed, and used to triangulate the findings from the semi-structured interviews.
36
Klein, Elise Jane. "Psychological agency in a neighbourhood on the urban fringe of Bamako". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2014. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:de625392-bbc9-4f36-b99f-02681578066c.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis is about psychological constructions underpinning intentional action to improve well-being by people in a neighbourhood on the urban fringe of Bamako, Mali. There is a large deficit in the theorisation of psychological elements of agency and empowerment in the development literature. Instead empowerment is generally defined as a favourable opportunity structure, as choice or as the distribution of power. Further still, the examination of the psychological literature reveals a lack of empirical research related to non-Western contexts and development policy. In view of this, I present the results of an empirical study using the inductive mixed methods to examine the central factors contributing to initiatives people undertake to improve personal and collective well-being. Informants articulated that the psychological concepts of dusu (internal motivation) and ka da I yèrè la (self-efficacy) were most important to their purposeful agency. The empirical analysis is divided into three parts and based primarily on qualitative data, enriched by quantitative analysis. Firstly I will examine the concepts of dusu and ka da I yèrè la, which are characterised as having an instrumental and intrinsic significance to people’s purposeful agency. They were also characterised as important factors in supporting local social development initiatives. Secondly, I will show how these psychological concepts were not related to the agent’s socio-economic characteristics or decision making ability, rendering both variables weak proxies for measuring psychological agency. Instead I found that measures of intrinsic motivation and self-efficacy are more viable for evaluating psychological agency. Thirdly, however, whilst dusu and ka da I yèrè la are important to people’s agency and the social development of the neighbourhood, they cannot be viewed as a silver bullet to social development in Kalabankoro Nerekoro. Specifically, in the examination of collective purposeful agency in group work (associations), the functioning of groups is impacted by the internal dynamics within the group, causing sometimes breakdown of the group. Further still, gender and age norms as well as capability deprivation and conflicting world views all thwart the ability of associations to achieve their goals. I underline that agents cannot always succeed in the pursuit of their well-being goals, even though they demonstrate high levels of psychological agency unless structural inequality at the micro, meso and macro levels of Malian society are addressed. Through this empirical study, this thesis will contribute the closing of the gap between psychological and development literatures as well as work towards developing measures of psychological agency.
37
Wagner, Ben. "Liable, but Not in Control? Ensuring Meaningful Human Agency in Automated Decision-Making Systems". Wiley, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/poi3.198.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Automated decision making is becoming the norm across large parts of society, which raises
interesting liability challenges when human control over technical systems becomes increasingly
limited. This article defines "quasi-automation" as inclusion of humans as a basic rubber-stamping
mechanism in an otherwise completely automated decision-making system. Three cases of quasi-
automation are examined, where human agency in decision making is currently debatable: self-
driving cars, border searches based on passenger name records, and content moderation on social
media. While there are specific regulatory mechanisms for purely automated decision making, these
regulatory mechanisms do not apply if human beings are (rubber-stamping) automated decisions.
More broadly, most regulatory mechanisms follow a pattern of binary liability in attempting to
regulate human or machine agency, rather than looking to regulate both. This results in regulatory
gray areas where the regulatory mechanisms do not apply, harming human rights by preventing
meaningful liability for socio-technical decision making. The article concludes by proposing criteria
to ensure meaningful agency when humans are included in automated decision-making systems,
and relates this to the ongoing debate on enabling human rights in Internet infrastructure.
38
Norton, Erle Leo III. "An examination of political and technical influences on human service system and agency evaluation". The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1261500380.
Testo completo
39
Norton, Erle L. "An examination of political and technical influences on human service system and agency evaluation /". The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1487841975359268.
Testo completo
40
Norton, Erle Leo. "An examination of political and technical influences on human service system and agency evaluation /". Connect to resource, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view.cgi?acc%5Fnum=osu1261500380.
Testo completo
41
Azelius, Carl, e David Johansson. "Human Capital disclosure on LinkedIn : A study on ownership structure and human capital disclosure in Sweden and Norway". Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Företagsekonomi, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-43692.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Human capital disclosure is a widely examined topic by scholars, previous studies has mainly focused on annual reports and companies webpages. However, during the last decade, social media has grown in importance and it represent a new way for companies to interact with stakeholders. The increased interactivity provided by social network sites have made it one of the most important communication tools for companies to interact with stakeholders. One of the larger social media, LinkedIn has received little attention by researchers, only one previous study has investigate human capital disclosure on LinkedIn. Previous research has examined different corporate disclosure in connection to ownership structure. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between ownership structure and human capital disclosure made by companies in Sweden and Norway via LinkedIn. Method: This study is conducted with a quantitative methodology, investigating a sample of 150 companies from Sweden and Norway. Human capital disclosure on LinkedIn are analysed through a content analysis and a regression analysis to test the hypothesis in this study. Conclusion: The results confirm the hypothesis that a negative relationship exists between ownership concentration and the level of human capital disclosure via LinkedIn. This is in line with previous research; however, this study shows that companies in a more digitalized environment disclose more HC information.
42
Donoghue, Freda. "The 'stranger' in the workplace : a sociological analysis of the agency temporary worker". Thesis, University of Leicester, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/4611.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Recent labour market studies have focussed on the increasing importance of non-standard forms of employment. This study on agency temps aims to contribute to this body of literature, but proposes an alternative perspective. Focussing on the temp's particular employment relationship rather than on the approach of the secondary labour market or the currently fashionable 'flexibility debate', this thesis suggests that the temp's three-way employment relationship is a determinant of the temp's working situation. Labour law literature has shown that the temp's employment status is open to conjecture because of what has been called this 'ambiguous, legal relationship. Using this approach, this thesis suggests that the temp has two 'social' employers, who must be recognised as, important before categorising temps as either 'flexible' or part of the secondary labour market. Furthermore, the temp's situation is characterised by temporality and mobility which give rise to certain feelings of freedom. The temp's status as 'stranger' and the way in which this operates within the three-way employment relationship are therefore an important influence on the temp's experience of work. This thesis suggests that the, temp is a 'stranger'/outsider to the workplace. Temps occupy a position of mobility and temporality defined by their threeway employment relationship. Temps may therefore say that they feel 'free' because they have two social employers and they do not feel that they are employees of either. Temps may experience certain perceptions held by management and permanent co-workers about their ability to perform certain work tasks. Indeed, temps may find that the work they are given is boring and routine. This thesis argues that these conditions are influenced by the structure of the temps' three-way relationship within which temps are 'strangers'. It is not merely a case, then, that temps occupy a secondary labour market position, for example, but that this position must be recognised as including two nominal employers who may collude together in determining the temp's working situation.
43
van, der Enden Mark. "Human agency and the formation of tableware distribution patterns in Hellenistic Greece and Asia Minor". Thesis, University of Leicester, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/28934.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis utilizes ceramic legacy data to examine the influence of human agency upon the formation of tableware distribution patterns in Hellenistic Greece and Asia Minor. The formation of distribution patterns is a neglected area in Hellenistic pottery studies; differences between sites are usually taken at face value, paying scant attention to the human choices and behaviours responsible for observed variations. Tableware from Athens and New Halos in Greece and Ilion, Ephesus, Sardis, Gordion and Sagalassos in Asia Minor is employed for comparative analysis. Agency and network theory is utilized, along with a close reading of the wider contextual background of the case-studies, to explore local consumer choices and address distributional differences. This approach is enabled by the systematic collection of tableware data in the ICRATES database. This research shows that differences between sites, in terms of tableware consumption, can only be understood as reflecting human behaviour and choice. It is demonstrated that New Halos focused on Hellenistic shapes of more ‘Classical’ appearance and relied primarily for its tableware supply upon the wider region. Athens principally used local tableware focusing on a more properly Hellenistic repertoire, but an antiquated shape like the bolsal was produced specifically for the foreign market. Ilion, Ephesus, Sardis and Sagalassos similarly made different choices in tableware production and consumption. Observed differences relate to preferences, practices, and opportunities. Consumption at Ilion is influenced by Pergamum, whereas Ephesus develops a repertoire partly specific to itself. At Sagalassos producers and consumers used a repertoire which, while distinct and building upon local traditions, forms part of more widely shared tableware preferences. This study shows that within a general pottery koine various sub-koinai existed and interacted, reflecting varying contextualized choices. The results have important and wide-ranging implications for current approaches to cultural interaction, material culture and society.
44
Mitchell, Nathaniel Charles. "Accountability, Agency and Orientations to the Participation Order in the Interactional Achievement of Evaluations of Impoliteness". Thesis, Griffith University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/366433.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Throughout the literature addressing im/politeness, there is an assumed relationship between an individual, their talk or conduct in interaction, and the potential for negative evaluations of that talk or conduct by other individuals. This literature assumes that any negative evaluation of talk or conduct in interaction is attributable to the source of that talk or conduct. It remains tacitly assumed that this attribution can be made because the source is exercising their agency in producing that talk or conduct. Problematically, the understanding of agency and how it effects evaluations of impoliteness has been left unscrutinised to date. This thesis addresses this gap and explores how the effects of exercising of agency on the ways in which evaluations of impoliteness arise in interaction are achieved.
The discursive turn in im/politeness research argues that the analysis of impoliteness requires the researcher to attend to the participants’ evaluations of impoliteness. That is, the analysis of evaluations of impoliteness needs to rest on the participants’ evaluations, and not those of the researcher. As such, the methodology of this thesis is to analyse the ways in which participants exercise socially-mediated forms of agency in making such evaluations. The data for this thesis is drawn from three different forms of relational networks (a closed community of practice, strangers getting acquainted, and a public social network) which are achieved across three different modes of communication (face-to-face talk, email interactions, and online polylogues in social media). The thesis is grounded in interactional pragmatics, which draws from ethnomethodology, membership categorisation analysis and conversation analysis ontologies and epistemologies to inform the analysis of the data.Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
School of Humanities, Languages and Social Science
Arts, Education and Law
Full Text
45
Lowry, William. "White men can move : Agency, mobility, language and privilege in a translocal perspective". Thesis, Stockholms universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:su:diva-143816.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This thesis will explore the utility of translocal approaches in understanding the lived experiences of white, native English-speaking men working in the hospitality industry in Stockholm. This thesis takes the form of a qualitative case study, relying primarily on 10 in depth interviews and observations. The participants in this study are identified as highly mobile. The embodied, emotive interactions of mobile individuals with place are investigated and their experience of place and mobility is discussed in relation to agency and the normative structures in a local and global context. The research participants interviewed for this research project are demonstrated to be agentic, privileged actors at a global scale through their normative whiteness and nationality. This privilege underlies their identity as mobile. At a local scale, the utility of the deployment of the English language is shown to be dependent on the discursive position of the speaker, due to the monolingual norm present in Sweden. The English language workplace is shown to be a translocal place at the intersection of local and translocal linkages.
46
Svetelj, Tone. "Rereading Modernity - Charles Taylor on its Genesis and Prospects". Thesis, Boston College, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/3853.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Thesis advisor: Arthur MadiganThis dissertation is based on the claim that Taylor, in his immense philosophical writings, looks for the unifying forces, principles, and those desires in the human agent that can transform modern partial comprehension of reality into a new collage, i.e. a deeper and more meaningful picture of who we are and what is most essential for us. I argue that Taylor in his reflection on modernity adopts Hegel's concern for how to unite two ideals - radical freedom and expressive fullness. In search for an answer to Hegel's concern, Taylor repeatedly comes to the same conclusion. Adequate understanding of modernity, moral sources of modern identity, human agency, and human language, requires insertion in its context; therefore, the description of time, space, and other factors that condition modernity, is crucial. There are some aspects in Taylor's reflection on modernity that either preclude or impede the modern agent's search for fulfillment and freedom (i.e., reduction of the human sciences to the principles of the natural sciences), or open neglected or undiscovered perspectives for investigation, and offer new answers (i.e., challenge of achieving peaceful coexistence in a multicultural society). Underneath these aspects of modernity, Taylor perceives human desire to be free, authentic, and fulfilled. In the recent publications, Taylor brings into focus the closed horizons of modernity in the field of religion, especially the mainstream secularization theory. As long as modernity considers religion and spirituality as unimportant and pushes them aside from our daily life, it effectively closes off some possible answers regarding agent's fulfilment, flourishing, and freedom. It does not mean that every form of religious practice and belief brings us automatically to the goal; some might be narrow and exclusive as well, and therefore have to be examined in turn. Taylor's reflection unfolds the answer to Hegel's concern only gradually. In order to be free, fulfilled, and have a meaningful life, no dimension of human existence can be excluded, all dimensions remain to be examined
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2012
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Philosophy
47
Fellner, Wolfgang, e Benedikt Goehmann. "Human Needs and the Measurement of Welfare". WU Vienna University of Economics and Business, 2017. http://epub.wu.ac.at/5671/1/sre%2Ddisc%2D2017_07.pdf.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Adam Smith considered consumption the sole end and purpose of
all production. Concerning the measurement of welfare, this requires
a sound understanding of the connection between consumption
and welfare. The consumerist conceptualization of this connection
implies that the amount of consumption equals welfare and the level
of production can be an indicator for welfare. The limits and problems
of production measures are widely accepted. Yet, indicators
like GDP remain the focus of mainstream economic theory and policy.
We trace the origin of this lock-in back to the economic model
of behaviour and the concept of agency in mainstream economics.
The suggested alternative stems from literature about human needs
in heterodox economics and psychology. This literature incorporates
the relevance of social aspects and cultural change for welfare. It
turns out that consumerism can be a threat to well-being and welfare
rather than a requirement for it.Series: SRE - Discussion Papers
48
Sundberg, Jacob. "Social-, Self- and Spiritual Integration - Applying concepts of positive criminology on human agency and criminal careers". Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-25443.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The subject for this thesis project is human agency, or motivation to desist from crime, as a turning point in criminal careers. Human agency will be defined as motivation to make pro-social decisions to achieve one’s goals over the lifecourse, based on an overall belief that crime is not a valuable action alternative. Human agency or motivation will be assessed through concepts of positive criminology, which emphasize positive experiences and processes that are thought to be factors for desistance. The concepts for this thesis are regarding the development of a positive self-identity and meaning of life. The aim of this paper is to discover different thought processes that can contribute and get an understanding on how human agency can appear and be conceived, rather than to measure different factors quantitively. This question will be studied through semi-structured interviewing with around ten individuals that have previously been convicted and that have had active periods of their lives where crime was a big part. It will be a qualitative project, with a phenomenological approach. The method for analysis will be Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA), which is a method for assessing individual stories and meanings as a part of the identities of the interviewees. The narratives derived from the interviews are categorized by the three main themes social-, self- and spiritual integration. The findings from the paper’s interviews suggest a structure which may be useful for future research on criminal careers and the reasons for why people stop committing crime. An agency towards desistance alongside social structures of the everyday life are theorized to be central for criminal careers to end.
49
Lange, Bianca. "Beyond Human Displacement(s) : Spacetime Stories of Agency in Parable of the Sower by Octavia Butler". Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för kultur och samhälle, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-177210.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this thesis project, the aim is to explore displacements beyond the familiar usage in migration studies associated with ’human’ by using a new materialist/s understanding ofontology and agency. This approach opens the possibility to move beyond the understanding of displacements as referring only to human agency. The fictionalised story, Parable of theSower, is used in the thesis as the real-world ontological world-building storytelling and the questions that flow from the aim of this thesis is used as a guiding navigator within the mainstory to see what other stories emerges; The Earthseed Story, The More-Than-Human Storiesand The Human Stories. Displacement(s) beyond human agency from a new materialist outlook show the complexity and challenges of being interconnected and codependent in a world containing multiple stories that move in and out of spacetime refuturing. This occursboth as dystopia and utopia, as agency is in-the-making and ongoing reshaping of territorialization and deterritorialization making all-the-flesh moving boundaries of being displaced and in-place in a belongings-non-belongings continuum. For future research,multispecies displacement(s) is discussed as ongoing processes of both; dystopian and utopian storytelling, and the possibilities for refuturing shared worlds.
50
Acikoz, Haci Mustafa. "An investigation of the question of human agency and freedom in Thomas Reid's philosophy of action". Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1995. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk/R?func=search-advanced-go&find_code1=WSN&request1=AAIU076912.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In philosophy the 'free will question' viz., "do we have free will by which we can freely perform an action of our own?" has been the cause and interest of one of the oldest debates of philosophy. The historical background of the 'free will debate' and of its participants can be traced back to the philosophy of Hellenistic (era) that covers the Peripatetic, Epicurean and Stoics schools. Then, it is extended from the Medieval tradition (St. Augustine, St. Thomas Aquinas and so on) through the Modern (era) philosophy (the Cartesian, the Empiricists and the Common Sense Schools) to the Contemporary philosophy of action. Almost all philosophers of these schools have either directly or indirectly been involved in the debate. Today what we have inherited from this debate, which still continues, is three main doctrines. These are: 'libertarianism', 'determinism', 'compatibilism' (or 'soft determinism'). In fact all these doctrines give rise to the idea that today "there is no single philosophical problem that is the problem of free will. There are rather a great many philosophical problems about free will." (01). This thesis, in the historical frame that has been given above, shall undertake the evaluation of the free will question in "Thomas Reid's (1710-1796) philosophy of action' in the eighteenth century 'Scottish School of Common Sense'. Thus it aims to show the dimensions of Reid's contributions to the free will debate as regards his 'approach', 'method', 'suggestions', 'solutions', 'originality' and his 'influence' on other philosophers.