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1
Lins, Rodrigo, Pedro Rosalen, Diego Silva, Bianca Kawabata, Luís Roberto Martins e Vanessa Cavalli. "A Titanium Tetrafluoride Experimental Gel Combined with Highly Concentrated Hydrogen Peroxide as an Alternative Bleaching Agent: An In Vitro Study". Gels 8, n. 3 (14 marzo 2022): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/gels8030178.
Abstract (sommario):
This in vitro study evaluated color change, mineral content, and morphology of enamel, pH and cytotoxicity of experimental bleaching agents containing 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP), titanium tetrafluoride (TiF4), Natrosol, and Chemygel. Sixty enamel/dentin blocks were randomly treated with (n = 10) HP; HP+Natrosol+Chemygel with different TiF4 concentrations: 0.05 g HPT0.5, 0.1 g HPT1, 0.2 g HPT2, 0.3 g HPT3, 0.4 g HPT4. Bleaching was performed in three sessions (3 × 15 min application). Color change (CIELab-ΔEab, CIEDE2000-ΔE00, ΔWID) and Knoop microhardness (KHN) were evaluated. Enamel morphology and composition were observed under scanning electron microscopy and energy-dispersive spectrometry (EDS), respectively. Cell viability of keratinocyte cells was evaluated using MTT assay. Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and LSD and Tukey tests, and two-way repeated measures ANOVA and Bonferroni (α = 5%). The pH and EDS were analyzed descriptively. Lightness-L* increased, and a* and b* parameters decreased, except for HPT3 and HPT4 (b*). HPT0.5, HPT1, and HPT2 exhibited ΔEab and ΔWID similar to HP. ΔE00 did not present statistical difference. HP, HPT0.5, and HPT1 promoted higher KHN. HPT0.5 exhibited no changes on enamel surface. Keratinocyte cells were viable when treated with T0.5, and weak viable for T1. Experimental agents exhibited acidic pH and Ti elements. HPT0.5 exhibited bleaching efficacy, maintained KHN without enamel alterations, and did not increase cytotoxicity.
2
Jawarneh, Yousef, Humaira Yasmin, M. Mossa Al-Sawalha, Rasool Shah e Asfandyar Khan. "Numerical analysis of fractional heat transfer and porous media equations within Caputo-Fabrizio operator". AIMS Mathematics 8, n. 11 (2023): 26543–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/math.20231356.
Abstract (sommario):
<abstract><p>This paper presents a comparative study of two popular analytical methods, namely the Homotopy Perturbation Transform Method (HPTM) and the Adomian Decomposition Transform Method (ADTM), to solve two important fractional partial differential equations, namely the fractional heat transfer and porous media equations. The HPTM uses a perturbation approach to construct an approximate solution, while the ADTM decomposes the solution into a series of functions using the Adomian polynomials. The results obtained by the HPTM and ADTM are compared with the exact solutions, and the performance of both methods is evaluated in terms of accuracy and convergence rate. The numerical results show that both methods are efficient in solving the fractional heat transfer and porous media equations, and the HPTM exhibits slightly better accuracy and convergence rate than the ADTM. Overall, the study provides a valuable insight into the application of the HPTM and ADTM in solving fractional differential equations and highlights their potential for solving complex mathematical models in physics and engineering.</p></abstract>
3
KEHAILI, ABDELKADER, ABDELKADER BENALI e ALI HAKEM. "HOMOTOPY PERTURBATION TRANSFORM METHOD FOR SOLVING SYSTEMS OF NONLINEAR PARTIAL FRACTIONAL DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS". Journal of Science and Arts 21, n. 2 (30 giugno 2021): 355–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.46939/j.sci.arts-21.2-a04.
Abstract (sommario):
In this paper, we apply an efficient method called the Homotopy perturbation transform method (HPTM) to solve systems of nonlinear fractional partial differential equations. The HPTM can easily be applied to many problems and is capable of reducing the size of computational work.
4
Xu, Huiwen, Maoyan Wu, Xiumei Ma, Wei Huang e Yong Xu. "Function and Mechanism of Novel Histone Posttranslational Modifications in Health and Disease". BioMed Research International 2021 (3 marzo 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6635225.
Abstract (sommario):
Histone posttranslational modifications (HPTMs) are crucial epigenetic mechanisms regulating various biological events. Different types of HPTMs characterize and shape functional chromatin states alone or in combination, and dedicated effector proteins selectively recognize these modifications for gene expression. The dysregulation of HPTM recognition events takes part in human diseases. With the application of mass spectrometry- (MS-) based proteomics, novel histone lysine acylation has been successively discovered, e.g., propionylation, butyrylation, 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation, β-hydroxybutyrylation, malonylation, succinylation, crotonylation, glutarylation, and lactylation. These nine types of modifications expand the repertoire of HPTMs and regulate chromatin remodeling, gene expression, cell cycle, and cellular metabolism. Recent researches show that HPTMs have a close connection with the pathogenesis of cancer, metabolic diseases, neuropsychiatric disorders, infertility, kidney diseases, and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). This review focuses on the chemical structure, sites, functions of these novel HPTMs, and underlying mechanism in gene expression, providing a glimpse into their complex regulation in health and disease.
5
Hu, Qiwen, Casey S. Greene e Elizabeth A. Heller. "Specific histone modifications associate with alternative exon selection during mammalian development". Nucleic Acids Research 48, n. 9 (22 aprile 2020): 4709–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/nar/gkaa248.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Alternative splicing (AS) is frequent during early mouse embryonic development. Specific histone post-translational modifications (hPTMs) have been shown to regulate exon splicing by either directly recruiting splice machinery or indirectly modulating transcriptional elongation. In this study, we hypothesized that hPTMs regulate expression of alternatively spliced genes for specific processes during differentiation. To address this notion, we applied an innovative machine learning approach to relate global hPTM enrichment to AS regulation during mammalian tissue development. We found that specific hPTMs, H3K36me3 and H3K4me1, play a role in skipped exon selection among all the tissues and developmental time points examined. In addition, we used iterative random forest model and found that interactions of multiple hPTMs most strongly predicted splicing when they included H3K36me3 and H3K4me1. Collectively, our data demonstrated a link between hPTMs and alternative splicing which will drive further experimental studies on the functional relevance of these modifications to alternative splicing.
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Chen, Tiejun. "Soliton Solutions of Kaup-Kupershimdt Equation Using HPTM". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2173, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2022): 012022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2173/1/012022.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract In this paper, we employ the idea of homotopy perturbation transform method(HPTM), which is a combination of Laplace transformation and homotopy perturbation method(HPM) for solving nonlinear ordinary and partial differential equations. The equations are Laplace transformed and nonlinear terms are represented by He’s polynomials. The solutions are obtained in the series form which converges at fast rate with easily computable terms. Comparison of standard perturbation method shows that HPTM is appropriate even for system without any small/large parameters and therefore it can be applied more extensively than traditional perturbation techniques. HPTM is used to obtain soliton solution of Kaup-kupershimdt(KK) equation, which is modified form of fifth order KdV equation. Numerical results are presented in tabular form to show the accuracy, efficiency and reliability of this method.
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Singh, Jagdev, e Devendra Kumar. "Homotopy Perturbation Algorithm Using Laplace Transform for Gas Dynamics Equation". Journal of Applied Mathematics, Statistics and Informatics 8, n. 1 (1 maggio 2012): 55–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10294-012-0006-2.
Abstract (sommario):
Homotopy Perturbation Algorithm Using Laplace Transform for Gas Dynamics EquationIn this paper, we apply a combined form of the Laplace transform method with the homotopy perturbation method to obtain the solution of nonlinear gas dynamics equation. This method is called the homotopy perturbation transform method (HPTM). This technique finds the solution without any discretization or restrictive assumptions and avoids the round-off errors. The fact that this scheme solves nonlinear problems without using Adomian's polynomials can be considered as a clear advantage of this algorithm over the decomposition method. The results reveal that the homotopy perturbation transform method (HPTM) is very efficient, simple and can be applied to other nonlinear problems.
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Wang, Mingxing, Qiong Guo, Kongfu Zhu, Bo Fang, Yifan Yang, Maikun Teng, Xu Li e Yuyong Tao. "Interface switch mediates signal transmission in a two-component system". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 117, n. 48 (16 novembre 2020): 30433–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1912080117.
Abstract (sommario):
Two-component systems (TCS), which typically consist of a membrane-embedded histidine kinase and a cytoplasmic response regulator, are the dominant signaling proteins for transduction of environmental stimuli into cellular response pathways in prokaryotic cells. HptRSA is a recently identified TCS consisting of the G6P-associated sensor protein (HptA), transmembrane histidine kinase (HptS), and cytoplasmic effector (HptR). HptRSA mediates glucose-6-phosphate (G6P) uptake to supportStaphylococcus aureusgrowth and multiplication within various host cells. How the mechanism by which HptRSA perceives G6P and triggers a downstream response has remained elusive. Here, we solved the HptA structures in apo and G6P-bound states. G6P binding in the cleft between two HptA domains caused a conformational closing movement. The solved structures of HptA in complex with the periplasmic domain of HptS showed that HptA interacts with HptS through both constitutive and switchable interfaces. The G6P-free form of HptA binds to the membrane-distal side of the HptS periplasmic domain (HptSp), resulting in a parallel conformation of the HptSp protomer pair. However, once HptA associates with G6P, its intramolecular domain closure switches the HptA-HptSp contact region into the membrane-proximal domain, which causes rotation and closure of the C termini of each HptSp protomer. Through biochemical and growth assays of HptA and HptS mutant variants, we proposed a distinct mechanism of interface switch-mediated signaling transduction. Our results provide mechanistic insights into bacterial nutrient sensing and expand our understanding of the activation modes by which TCS communicates external signals.
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Singh, Jagdev, Devendra Kumar e Sunil Kumar. "A New Fractional Model of Nonlinear Shock Wave Equation Arising in Flow of Gases". Nonlinear Engineering 3, n. 1 (1 marzo 2014): 43–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nleng-2013-0022.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract In this paper, we present a numerical algorithm based on new homotopy perturbation transform method (HPTM) to solve a time-fractional nonlinear shock wave equation which describes the flow of gases. The fractional derivative is considered in the Caputo sense. The HPTM is combined form of Laplace transform, homotopy perturbation method and He’s polynomials. The nonlinear terms can be easily handled by the use of He’s polynomials. The technique finds the solution without any discretization or restrictive assumptions and avoids the round-off errors. The obtained results are in good agreement with the existing ones in open literature and it is shown that the technique introduced here is robust, efficient, easy to implement and computationally very attractive.
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Kumar, Sunil, Huseyin Kocak e Ahmet Yıldırım. "A Fractional Model of Gas Dynamics Equations and its Analytical Approximate Solution Using Laplace Transform". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung A 67, n. 6-7 (1 luglio 2012): 389–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5560/zna.2012-0038.
Abstract (sommario):
In this study, the homotopy perturbation transform method (HPTM) is performed to give approximate and analytical solutions of nonlinear homogenous and non-homogenous time-fractional gas dynamics equations. Gas dynamics equations are based on the physical laws of conservation, namely, the laws of conservation of mass, conservation of momentum, conservation of energy etc. The HPTM is a combined form of the Laplace transform, the homotopy perturbation method, and He’s polynomials. The nonlinear terms can be easily handled by the use of He’s polynomials. The numerical solutions obtained by the proposed method indicate that the approach is easy to implement and accurate. Some numerical illustrations are given. These results reveal that the proposed method is very effective and simple to perform
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Mohamed, Mohamed S., Khaled A. Gepreel, Faisal A. Al-Malki e Nouf Altalhi. "Extension of Khan’s Homotopy Transformation Method via Optimal Parameter for Differential Difference Equations". Journal of Applied Mathematics 2014 (2014): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/813474.
Abstract (sommario):
A new scheme, deduced from Khan’s homotopy perturbation transform method (HPTM) (Khan, 2014; Khan and Wu, 2011) via optimal parameter, is presented for solving nonlinear differential difference equations. Simple but typical examples are given to illustrate the validity and great potential of Khan’s homotopy perturbation transform method (HPTM) via optimal parameter in solving nonlinear differential difference equation. The numerical solutions show that the proposed method is very efficient and computationally attractive. It provides more realistic series solutions that converge very rapidly for nonlinear real physical problems. The results reveal that the method is very effective and simple. This method gives more reliable results as compared to other existing methods available in the literature. The numerical results demonstrate the validity and applicability of the method.
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Liang, Tony, Leonard Presta, Jennifer Brazil, Charles Parkos e Jennifer Cheng. "VALIDATION OF HPTM-001, A HUMANIZED CANDIDATE THERAPEUTIC ANTIBODY FOR PROMOTING MUCOSAL WOUND HEALING IN IBD". Inflammatory Bowel Diseases 27, Supplement_1 (1 gennaio 2021): S37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ibd/izaa347.090.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract A hallmark of the clinical course of patients with Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is poorly healing erosions and ulcers in the intestinal mucosa. Despite the adverse clinical consequences of non-healing mucosal wounds in IBD, current front-line therapies that selectively target mucosal wound healing are not available. Recent studies revealed an association between colonic inflammation and aberrant glycosylation of epithelial CD44v6. Under conditions of inflammation, epithelial CD44v6 was shown to be decorated with the terminal glycan sialyl Lewis A. Importantly, targeting sialylated Lewis glycans on CD44v6 with a murine antibody GM35 was shown to promote mucosal wound healing in cell lines and in biopsy based wounding assays as well as dextran sodium sulfate (DSS) induced murine colitis models. We sequenced CDRs from GM35 and produced a humanized antibody. Eight candidate human IgG1 clones were produced and screened. hPTM-001.4772 was selected from the eight candidates based on glycan affinity and selectivity compared to GM35. In vitro wound healing studies revealed that PTM-001.4772 was as effective as GM35 in promoting repair of scratch wounds with human intestinal epithelial cells. Furthermore, intraperitoneal injection of mice with hPTM-001.4772 during induction of DSS colitis resulted in reduced weight loss compared to control IgG. These results suggest that hPTM-001.4772 is well-positioned as a unique potential candidate therapeutic for IBD that can be used to selectively promote healing of mucosal wounds and ulcers.
13
Naeem, Muhammad, Humaira Yasmin, Rasool Shah, Nehad Ali Shah e Jae Dong Chung. "A Comparative Study of Fractional Partial Differential Equations with the Help of Yang Transform". Symmetry 15, n. 1 (4 gennaio 2023): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15010146.
Abstract (sommario):
In applied sciences and engineering, partial differential equations (PDE) of integer and non-integer order play a crucial role. It can be challenging to determine these equations’ exact solutions. As a result, developing numerical approaches to obtain precise numerical solutions to these kinds of differential equations takes time. The homotopy perturbation transform method (HPTM) and Yang transform decomposition method (YTDM) are the subjects of several recent findings that we describe. These techniques work well for fractional calculus applications. We also examine fractional differential equations’ precise and approximative solutions. The Caputo derivative is employed because it enables the inclusion of traditional initial and boundary conditions in the formulation of the issue. This has major implications for complicated problems. The paper lists the important characteristics of the YTDM and HPTM. Our research has numerous applications in the disciplines of science and engineering and might be seen as a substitute for current methods.
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Yasmin, Humaira, Ma’mon Abu Hammad, Rasool Shah, Badriah M. Alotaibi, Sherif M. E. Ismaeel e Samir A. El-Tantawy. "On the Solutions of the Fractional-Order Sawada–Kotera–Ito Equation and Modeling Nonlinear Structures in Fluid Mediums". Symmetry 15, n. 3 (27 febbraio 2023): 605. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15030605.
Abstract (sommario):
This study investigates the wave solutions of the time-fractional Sawada–Kotera–Ito equation (SKIE) that arise in shallow water and many other fluid mediums by utilizing some of the most flexible and high-precision methods. The SKIE is a nonlinear integrable partial differential equation (PDE) with significant applications in shallow water dynamics and fluid mechanics. However, the traditional numerical methods used for analyzing this equation are often plagued by difficulties in handling the fractional derivatives (FDs), which lead to finding other techniques to overcome these difficulties. To address this challenge, the Adomian decomposition (AD) transform method (ADTM) and homotopy perturbation transform method (HPTM) are employed to obtain exact and numerical solutions for the time-fractional SKIE. The ADTM involves decomposing the fractional equation into a series of polynomials and solving each component iteratively. The HPTM is a modified perturbation method that uses a continuous deformation of a known solution to the desired solution. The results show that both methods can produce accurate and stable solutions for the time-fractional SKIE. In addition, we compare the numerical solutions obtained from both methods and demonstrate the superiority of the HPTM in terms of efficiency and accuracy. The study provides valuable insights into the wave solutions of shallow water dynamics and nonlinear waves in plasma, and has important implications for the study of fractional partial differential equations (FPDEs). In conclusion, the method offers effective and efficient solutions for the time-fractional SKIE and demonstrates their usefulness in solving nonlinear integrable PDEs.
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Sunthrayuth, Pongsakorn, Muhammad Naeem, Nehad Ali Shah, Rasool Shah e Jae Dong Chung. "On the Solution of Fractional Biswas–Milovic Model via Analytical Method". Symmetry 15, n. 1 (11 gennaio 2023): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15010210.
Abstract (sommario):
Through the use of a unique approach, we study the fractional Biswas–Milovic model with Kerr and parabolic law nonlinearities in this paper. The Caputo approach is used to take the fractional derivative. The method employed here is the homotopy perturbation transform method (HPTM), which combines the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) and Yang transform (YT). The HPTM combines the homotopy perturbation method, He’s polynomials, and the Yang transform. He’s polynomial is a wonderful tool for dealing with nonlinear terms. To confirm the validity of each result, the technique was substituted into the equation. The described techniques can be used to find the solutions to these kinds of equations as infinite series, and when these series are in closed form, they give a precise solution. Graphs are used to show the derived numerical results. The maple software package is used to carry out the numerical simulation work. The results of this research are highly positive and demonstrate how effective the suggested method is for mathematical modeling of natural occurrences.
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Kehaili, Abdelkader, Ali Hakem e Abdelkader Benali. "Homotopy Perturbation Transform method for solving the partial and the time-fractional differential equations with variable coefficients". Global Journal of Pure and Applied Sciences 26, n. 1 (1 giugno 2020): 35–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/gjpas.v26i1.6.
Abstract (sommario):
In this paper, we present the exact solutions of the Parabolic-like equations and Hyperbolic-like equations with variable coefficients, by using Homotopy perturbation transform method (HPTM). Finally, we extend the results to the time-fractional differential equations.
Keywords: Caputo’s fractional derivative, fractional differential equations, homotopy perturbation transform method, hyperbolic-like equation, Laplace transform, parabolic-like equation.
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Liu, Yanqin. "Approximate Solutions of Fractional Nonlinear Equations Using Homotopy Perturbation Transformation Method". Abstract and Applied Analysis 2012 (2012): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/752869.
Abstract (sommario):
A homotopy perturbation transformation method (HPTM) which is based on homotopy perturbation method and Laplace transform is first applied to solve the approximate solution of the fractional nonlinear equations. The nonlinear terms can be easily handled by the use of He's polynomials. Illustrative examples are included to demonstrate the high accuracy and fast convergence of this new algorithm.
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Singh, Manoj, Mohammad Tamsir, Yasser Salah El Saman e Sarita Pundhir. "Approximation of Two-Dimensional Time-Fractional Navier-Stokes Equations involving Atangana-Baleanu Derivative". International Journal of Mathematical, Engineering and Management Sciences 9, n. 3 (1 giugno 2024): 646–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.33889/ijmems.2024.9.3.033.
Abstract (sommario):
This article addresses the two analytical methods, i.e., the new iterative transform method (NITM) and the homotopy perturbation transform method (HPTM), along with an Aboodh transform (AT), to approximate the nonlinear system of two-dimensional (2D) time-fractional Navier-Stokes (TFNS) equations. We take the time-fractional derivative in the form of Atangana-Baleanu (AB). The article's suggested examples examine the accuracy and efficacy of the proposed methods, while the graphs demonstrate their potential and effectiveness. The article also provides demonstrations of uniqueness and convergence. The aforementioned techniques are straightforward and support a high rate of convergence, which helps in understanding the dynamics of fractional nonlinear systems.
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Hamadamen, Mudhafar Hamed, Sadeq Taha Abdulazeez e Muhammad Amin Sadiq Murad. "MODIFIED COMPUTATIONAL METHOD BASED ON INTEGRAL TRANSFORM FOR SOLVING FRACTIONAL ZAKHAROV-KUZNETSOV EQUATIONS". Matrix Science Mathematic 7, n. 1 (5 gennaio 2023): 01–06. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/msmk.01.2023.01.06.
Abstract (sommario):
This work proposes a new computational method, namely the He-Elzaki transform method (HETM) formulated by He’s variation iteration method and modified Laplace transform called Elzaki integral transform to solve nonlinear fractional Zakharov-Kuznetsov equations. The fractional derivatives are described by Caputo sense. The beauty of this technique is that one has no need to evaluate the Lagrange multiplier by integration or taking the convolution theorem. The suggested method is implemented on two examples and the results obtained are compared with those of the Variation iteration method (VIM), homotopy perturbation transform method (HPTM), and new iteration Sumudu transform method (NISTM), and optimum homotopy analysis method (OHAM). The innovative computational technique is an efficient high accurate method and facilitates solving fractional differential equations.
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Sadowski, Samira Mercedes, Marc Pusztaszeri, Marie-Claude Brulhart-Meynet, Volodymyr Petrenko, Claudio De Vito, Jonathan Sobel, Céline Delucinge-Vivier et al. "Identification of Differential Transcriptional Patterns in Primary and Secondary Hyperparathyroidism". Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism 103, n. 6 (5 aprile 2018): 2189–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1210/jc.2017-02506.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Context Hyperparathyroidism is associated with hypercalcemia and the excess of parathyroid hormone secretion; however, the alterations in molecular pattern of functional genes during parathyroid tumorigenesis have not been unraveled. We aimed at establishing transcriptional patterns of normal and pathological parathyroid glands (PGs) in sporadic primary (HPT1) and secondary hyperparathyroidism (HPT2). Objective To evaluate dynamic alterations in molecular patterns as a function of the type of PG pathology, a comparative transcript analysis was conducted in subgroups of healthy samples, sporadic HPT1 adenoma and hyperplasia, and HPT2. Design Normal, adenomatous, HPT1, and HPT2 hyperplastic PG formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded samples were subjected to NanoString analysis. In silico microRNA (miRNA) analyses and messenger RNA–miRNA network in PG pathologies were conducted. Individual messenger RNA and miRNA levels were assessed in snap-frozen PG samples. Results The expression levels of c-MET, MYC, TIMP1, and clock genes NFIL3 and PER1 were significantly altered in HPT1 adenoma compared with normal PG tissue when assessed by NanoString and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction. RET was affected in HPT1 hyperplasia, whereas CaSR and VDR transcripts were downregulated in HPT2 hyperplastic PG tissue. CDH1, c-MET, MYC, and CaSR were altered in adenoma compared with hyperplasia. Correlation analyses suggest that c-MET, MYC, and NFIL3 exhibit collective expression level changes associated with HPT1 adenoma development. miRNAs, predicted in silico to target these genes, did not exhibit a clear tendency upon experimental validation. Conclusions The presented gene expression analysis provides a differential molecular characterization of PG adenoma and hyperplasia pathologies, advancing our understanding of their etiology.
21
Mathai, Shanthi. "Humanly produced and transmitted media (hptm): The indian model of communication for liberation by appavoo". Mass Communicator: International Journal of Communication Studies 14, n. 4 (2020): 25–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0973-967x.2020.00022.8.
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Ebiwareme, Liberty, Kubugha Wilcox Bunonyo e Obinna Nwokorie. "An analysis of convergence of hybridized approximation techniques for the analytical solution of partial differential equations". International Research Journal of Pure and Applied Physics 10, n. 1 (15 gennaio 2023): 24–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.37745/ijrjpap.13/vol10n12458.
Abstract (sommario):
In this paper, we use the hybridization of two well-known semi-analytical methods to obtain the numerical solutions for some special linear and nonlinear partial differential equations that are predominant in most physical science disciplines. The first among these methods is the coupling of Laplace transform and Adomian decomposition method (LADM) while the second method is standard Homotopy perturbation method with Laplace transform method (HPTM). The accuracy and dependability of these proposed techniques is confirmed by applying them to solve linear and nonlinear Kleidon-Gordon equations, linear transverse equation of a vibrating beam, homogeneous and inhomogeneous nonlinear PDEs, advection equation, diffusion-convection and Korteweg-DeVries equation. Thereafter, comparison between the solutions obtained by the methods is presented in tables for convergence analysis. Consequently, the findings from our study showed the two methods can be effective alternative approaches for obtaining solutions to linear and nonlinear PDEs and higher-order initial value problems.
23
Weiss, A., e S. Dick. "Interaction of montmorillonite with binuclear hydroxo-bridged iron complexes and their peroxo adducts". Clay Minerals 32, n. 1 (marzo 1997): 135–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/claymin.1997.032.1.14.
Abstract (sommario):
AbstractThe interaction of the cationic hydroxo-bridged binuclear iron(III) complexes of the sevendentate ligands HPTP and HPTB with montmorillonite was studied. Both complexes can be introduced reversibly into the interlayer region of the smectite. The catalase active HPTP-complex preserves its activity in the smectite interlayers. The unstable peroxide adducts of both complexes can be introduced into montmorillonite interlayers from water/H2O2 at 273 K and can be stored there for months at 243 K. Adduct/montmorillonite compounds can also be prepared by direct reaction of H2O2 with the complexes already bound to montmorillonite. From IR spectra of the adduct/montmorillonite compounds it can be concluded that the adduct of the HPTP complex contains nitrate whereas the adduct of the HPTB complex does not. These results can help to decide whether structures of the adducts proposed in the literature are possible or not and may therefore open a new field of application of clay minerals in studies on unstable intermediates.
24
Liang, Tony, Leonard Presta, Jennifer Brazil, Charles Parkos e Jennifer Cheng. "VALIDATION OF HPTM-001, A HUMANIZED CANDIDATE THERAPEUTIC ANTIBODY FOR PROMOTING MUCOSAL WOUND HEALING IN IBD". Gastroenterology 160, n. 3 (febbraio 2021): S50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1053/j.gastro.2021.01.136.
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Alesemi, Meshari. "Numerical Analysis of Fractional-Order Camassa–Holm and Degasperis–Procesi Models". Symmetry 15, n. 2 (18 gennaio 2023): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym15020269.
Abstract (sommario):
This study proposes innovative methods for the time-fractional modified Degasperis–Procesi (mDP) and Camassa–Holm (mCH) models of solitary wave solutions. To formulate the concepts of the homotopy perturbation transform method (HPTM) and Elzaki transform decomposition method (ETDM), we mix the Elzaki transform (ET), homotopy perturbation method (HPM), and Adomian decomposition method (ADM). The Caputo sense is applied to this work. The solutions to a few numerical examples of the modified Degasperis–Procesi (mDP) and Camassa–Holm (mCH) are shown for integer and fractional orders of the issues. The derived and precise solutions are compared using two-dimensional and three-dimensional plots of the solutions, confirming the suggested method’s improved accuracy. Tables are created for each problem to display the suggested approach’s results, precise solutions, and absolute error. These methods provide the iterations as a series of solutions. To show the proposed techniques’ efficiency, we compute the absolute error. It is evident from the estimated values that the approaches are precise and simple and that they can therefore be further extended to linear and nonlinear issues.
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Ganie, Abdul Hamid, Fatemah Mofarreh e Adnan Khan. "A Fractional Analysis of Zakharov–Kuznetsov Equations with the Liouville–Caputo Operator". Axioms 12, n. 6 (19 giugno 2023): 609. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms12060609.
Abstract (sommario):
In this study, we used two unique approaches, namely the Yang transform decomposition method (YTDM) and the homotopy perturbation transform method (HPTM), to derive approximate analytical solutions for nonlinear time-fractional Zakharov–Kuznetsov equations (ZKEs). This framework demonstrated the behavior of weakly nonlinear ion-acoustic waves in plasma containing cold ions and hot isothermal electrons in the presence of a uniform magnetic flux. The density fraction and obliqueness of two compressive and rarefactive potentials are depicted. In the Liouville–Caputo sense, the fractional derivative is described. In these procedures, we first used the Yang transform to simplify the problems and then applied the decomposition and perturbation methods to obtain comprehensive results for the problems. The results of these methods also made clear the connections between the precise solutions to the issues under study. Illustrations of the reliability of the proposed techniques are provided. The results are clarified through graphs and tables. The reliability of the proposed procedures is demonstrated by illustrative examples. The proposed approaches are attractive, though these easy approaches may be time-consuming for solving diverse nonlinear fractional-order partial differential equations.
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Mishra, Nidhish Kumar, Mashael M. AlBaidani, Adnan Khan e Abdul Hamid Ganie. "Two Novel Computational Techniques for Solving Nonlinear Time-Fractional Lax’s Korteweg-de Vries Equation". Axioms 12, n. 4 (20 aprile 2023): 400. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/axioms12040400.
Abstract (sommario):
This article investigates the seventh-order Lax’s Korteweg–de Vries equation using the Yang transform decomposition method (YTDM) and the homotopy perturbation transform method (HPTM). The physical phenomena that emerge in physics, engineering and chemistry are mathematically expressed by this equation. For instance, the KdV equation was constructed to represent a wide range of physical processes involving the evolution and interaction of nonlinear waves. In the Caputo sense, the fractional derivative is considered. We employed the Yang transform, the Adomian decomposition method and the homotopy perturbation method to obtain the solution to the time-fractional Lax’s Korteweg–de Vries problem. We examined and compared a particular example with the actual result to verify the approaches. By utilizing these methods, we can construct recurrence relations that represent the solution to the problem that is being proposed, and we are then able to present graphical representations that enable us to visually examine all of the results in the proposed case for different fractional order values. Furthermore, the results of the current approach exhibit a good correlation with the precise solution to the problem being studied. Furthermore, the present study offers an example of error analysis. The numerical outcomes obtained by applying the provided approaches demonstrate that the techniques are easy to use and have superior computational performance.
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Hubbard, Roger A. "Human Papillomavirus Testing Methods". Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 127, n. 8 (1 agosto 2003): 940–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/2003-127-940-hptm.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Testing for human papillomavirus (HPV) relies exclusively on techniques of molecular biology using nucleic acid probes. Tests for HPV using nucleic acid probes have been commercially available since the late 1980s, but early tests were cumbersome, involving the use of nucleic acid probes labeled with radioactive phosphorus (32P). These early HPV tests did not achieve widespread use because they did not detect all oncogenic HPV genotypes. The current commercial HPV detection kit, Digene's Hybrid Capture 2 kit, detects virtually all high-risk oncogenic HPV types, as well as most low-risk nononcogenic HPV genotypes. The Hybrid Capture 2 test format is a proprietary nucleic acid hybridization signal amplification system owned by Digene Corporation. Virtually all test formats for DNA sequence analysis are amenable to applications intended to detect and perhaps quantify the various HPV genotypes. These methods can involve direct hybridization with complementary DNA probes, such as Southern blotting or in situ hybridization, signal amplification, such as the Hybrid Capture 2 method or target nucleic acid amplification, most notably the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Polymerase chain reaction has been used for HPV detection, genotyping, and viral load determination. General or consensus primer–mediated PCR assays have enabled screening for a broad spectrum of HPV types in clinical specimens using a single PCR reaction. Following amplification using consensus primers, individual HPV genotypes are identified using a variety of methods. Using consensus primers in a test format known as real-time quantitative PCR (RQ-PCR), it is possible to generate viral load (concentration) data from reaction curves generated by monitoring PCR reaction kinetics in real time.
29
Albalawi, Wedad, Rasool Shah, Nehad Ali Shah, Jae Dong Chung, Sherif M. E. Ismaeel e Samir A. El-Tantawy. "Analyzing Both Fractional Porous Media and Heat Transfer Equations via Some Novel Techniques". Mathematics 11, n. 6 (10 marzo 2023): 1350. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math11061350.
Abstract (sommario):
It has been increasingly obvious in recent decades that fractional calculus (FC) plays a key role in many disciplines of applied sciences. Fractional partial differential equations (FPDEs) accurately model various natural physical phenomena and many engineering problems. For this reason, the analytical and numerical solutions to these issues are seriously considered, and different approaches and techniques have been presented to address them. In this work, the FC is applied to solve and analyze the time-fractional heat transfer equation as well as the nonlinear fractional porous media equation with cubic nonlinearity. The idea of solving these equations is based on the combination of the Yang transformation (YT), the homotopy perturbation method (HPM), and the Adomian decomposition method (ADM). These combinations give rise to two novel methodologies, known as the homotopy perturbation transform method (HPTM) and the Yang tranform decomposition method (YTDM). The obtained results show the significance of the accuracy of the suggested approaches. Solutions in various fractional orders are found and discussed. It is noted that solutions at various fractional orders lead to an integer-order solution. The application of the current methodologies to other nonlinear fractional issues in other branches of applied science is supported by their straightforward and efficient process. In addition, the proposed solution methods can help many plasma physics researchers in interpreting the theoretical and practical results.
30
Appadu, Appanah Rao, e Abey Sherif Kelil. "On Semi-Analytical Solutions for Linearized Dispersive KdV Equations". Mathematics 8, n. 10 (14 ottobre 2020): 1769. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math8101769.
Abstract (sommario):
The most well-known equations both in the theory of nonlinearity and dispersion, KdV equations, have received tremendous attention over the years and have been used as model equations for the advancement of the theory of solitons. In this paper, some semi-analytic methods are applied to solve linearized dispersive KdV equations with homogeneous and inhomogeneous source terms. These methods are the Laplace-Adomian decomposition method (LADM), Homotopy perturbation method (HPM), Bernstein-Laplace-Adomian Method (BALDM), and Reduced Differential Transform Method (RDTM). Three numerical experiments are considered. As the main contribution, we proposed a new scheme, known as BALDM, which involves Bernstein polynomials, Laplace transform and Adomian decomposition method to solve inhomogeneous linearized dispersive KdV equations. Besides, some modifications of HPM are also considered to solve certain inhomogeneous KdV equations by first constructing a newly modified homotopy on the source term and secondly by modifying Laplace’s transform with HPM to build HPTM. Both modifications of HPM numerically confirm the efficiency and validity of the methods for some test problems of dispersive KdV-like equations. We also applied LADM and RDTM to both homogeneous as well as inhomogeneous KdV equations to compare the obtained results and extended to higher dimensions. As a result, RDTM is applied to a 3D-dispersive KdV equation. The proposed iterative schemes determined the approximate solution without any discretization, linearization, or restrictive assumptions. The performance of the four methods is gauged over short and long propagation times and we compute absolute and relative errors at a given time for some spatial nodes.
31
Harper, Marina, John D. Boyce, Andrew D. Cox, Frank St. Michael, Ian W. Wilkie, P. J. Blackall e Ben Adler. "Pasteurella multocida Expresses Two Lipopolysaccharide Glycoforms Simultaneously, but Only a Single Form Is Required for Virulence: Identification of Two Acceptor-Specific Heptosyl I Transferases". Infection and Immunity 75, n. 8 (21 maggio 2007): 3885–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.00212-07.
Abstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) is a critical virulence determinant in Pasteurella multocida and a major antigen responsible for host protective immunity. In other mucosal pathogens, variation in LPS or lipooligosaccharide structure typically occurs in the outer core oligosaccharide regions due to phase variation. P. multocida elaborates a conserved oligosaccharide extension attached to two different, simultaneously expressed inner core structures, one containing a single phosphorylated 3-deoxy-d-manno-octulosonic acid (Kdo) residue and the other containing two Kdo residues. We demonstrate that two heptosyltransferases, HptA and HptB, add the first heptose molecule to the Kdo1 residue and that each exclusively recognizes different acceptor molecules. HptA is specific for the glycoform containing a single, phosphorylated Kdo residue (glycoform A), while HptB is specific for the glycoform containing two Kdo residues (glycoform B). In addition, KdkA was identified as a Kdo kinase, required for phosphorylation of the first Kdo molecule. Importantly, virulence data obtained from infected chickens showed that while wild-type P. multocida expresses both LPS glycoforms in vivo, bacterial mutants that produced only glycoform B were fully virulent, demonstrating for the first time that expression of a single LPS form is sufficient for P. multocida survival in vivo. We conclude that the ability of P. multocida to elaborate alternative inner core LPS structures is due to the simultaneous expression of two different heptosyltransferases that add the first heptose residue to the nascent LPS molecule and to the expression of both a bifunctional Kdo transferase and a Kdo kinase, which results in the initial assembly of two inner core structures.
32
Beauchamp, Geetha, Sybil Hosek, Deborah J. Donnell, Kwun C. G. Chan, Brian P. Flaherty, Peter L. Anderson, Bonnie J. Dye et al. "Development of a tool to assess HIV prevention readiness of adolescent girls and young women in HPTN 082 study". PLOS ONE 18, n. 2 (24 febbraio 2023): e0281728. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281728.
Abstract (sommario):
Background African adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) represent a large proportion of new HIV infections, a priority population for pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP), but adherence remains a challenge. A reliable, valid readiness tool would help identify AGYW motivated to take PrEP who need adherence support. Methods In the HPTN 082 open-label PrEP study (2016–2019), South African and Zimbabwean women ages 16–25 were administered an HIV prevention readiness measure (HPRM). The 25 items in the HPRM included medication beliefs, connection with care, disclosure of PrEP use, social support, and housing stability using a 5-point Likert scale. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) using polychoric correlations, scale reliability, and predictive validity were performed on data from 315 participants who responded to all items. We assessed the predictive value of HPRM scores with PrEP adherence, defined as tenofovir-diphosphate (TFV-DP) concentrations in dried blood spots, as a continuous measure and dichotomized as high PrEP adherence (≥700 fmol/punch). Results EFA yielded 23 items with three subscales: self-efficacy (16 items), PrEP disclosure (4 items), and social support (3 items). Cronbach’s α ranged from 0.71 to 0.92 for the overall scale and the subscales. The average overall scale and the subscales were predictive of 3-month PrEP adherence for TFV-DP concentrations: for each unit increase of the HPRM score, TFV-DP concentration increased by 103 fmol/punch (95% CI: 16, 189, p = 0.02); the highest HPRM score equated with 608 fmol/punch on average. For the self-efficacy subscale, TFV-DP increased by 90 fmol/punch (95% CI: 7, 172, p = 0.03); PrEP disclosure, 68 fmol/punch (95% CI: 19, 117 p = 0.01); and social support, 58fmol/punch (95% CI: 2, 113, p = 0.04). Higher PrEP disclosure suggests high adherence (OR 1.36, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.86, p = 0.05) and predicted persistent high adherence at both months three and six (OR: 1.50, 95% CI: 1.03, 2.21, p = 0.04). Conclusions The HPRM scale overall and the subscales individually demonstrated good internal consistency among African young women. PrEP disclosure subscale exhibiting significant association with persistent high PrEP adherence is an important finding for PrEP adherence support programs. Future work will assess replicability and expand self-efficacy and social-support subscales after item revision. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02732730.
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Boyce, John D., Marina Harper, Frank St. Michael, Marietta John, Annie Aubry, Henrietta Parnas, Susan M. Logan et al. "Identification of Novel Glycosyltransferases Required for Assembly of the Pasteurella multocida A:1 Lipopolysaccharide and Their Involvement in Virulence". Infection and Immunity 77, n. 4 (21 gennaio 2009): 1532–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01144-08.
Abstract (sommario):
ABSTRACT We previously determined the structure of the Pasteurella multocida Heddleston type 1 lipopolysaccharide (LPS) molecule and characterized some of the transferases essential for LPS biosynthesis. We also showed that P. multocida strains expressing truncated LPS display reduced virulence. Here, we have identified all of the remaining glycosyltransferases required for synthesis of the oligosaccharide extension of the P. multocida Heddleston type 1 LPS, including a novel α-1,6 glucosyltransferase, a β-1,4 glucosyltransferase, a putative bifunctional galactosyltransferase, and two heptosyltransferases. In addition, we identified a novel oligosaccharide extension expressed only in a heptosyltransferase (hptE) mutant background. All of the analyzed mutants expressing LPS with a truncated main oligosaccharide extension displayed reduced virulence, but those expressing LPS with an intact heptose side chain were able to persist for long periods in muscle tissue. The hptC mutant, which expressed LPS with the shortest oligosaccharide extension and no heptose side chain, was unable to persist on the muscle or cause any disease. Furthermore, all of the mutants displayed increased sensitivity to the chicken antimicrobial peptide fowlicidin 1, with mutants expressing highly truncated LPS being the most sensitive.
34
Sributr, Ariya, Atthapong Gitchaiwat, Apisit Kositchaiyong, Savaeng Techangamvong, Weawboon Yamsaengsung e Narongrit Sombatsompop. "Anti-Bacterial Efficacies and Discolorations of Polypropylene Doped with HPQM Based Water Solution and Neusilin". Advanced Materials Research 747 (agosto 2013): 501–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.747.501.
Abstract (sommario):
2Hydroxypropyl3PiperazinylQuinoline Carboxylic acid Methacrylate (HPQM), as one of the most effective anti-bacterial agents was introduced into polypropylene (PP) for the aim of anti-bacterial improvement. HPQM based water (HPQM-Solution) and HPQM based magnesium aluminometasilicate or Neusilin (HPQM-Neusilin) were supplied in the forms of liquid and solid powder, respectively. Physical appearances by means of discolorations of PP after introducing the HPQM-Solution or Neusilin were also investigated. Halo test and the dynamic shake flask methods accompanying with plate count agar technique were used for quantitative anti-bacterial performance analyzes and the results were reported in terms of radius of inhibition zone and percentage of bacteria reduction. HPQM-Neusilin samples showed obvious and better anti-bacterial performance as compared with the HPQM-Solution samples. The results by dynamic method suggested that the anti-bacterial efficacies of the HPQM-Neusilin samples were three times higher than those of the HPQM-Solution. To achieve the 99.9% of bacteria reduction, the optimum concentration of HPQM-Solution and HPQM-Neusilin required were 7,500 and 2,500 ppm, respectively. The addition of HPQM-Neusilin considerably changed the total color difference (ΔE*), the lightness (L*) and chromatic coordinate values (a* and b* values) of the PP, the effect being less pronounced in the case of HPQM-Solution.
35
Lavi-Moshayoff, Vardit, Justin Silver e Tally Naveh-Many. "Human PTH gene regulation in vivo using transgenic mice". American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology 297, n. 3 (settembre 2009): F713—F719. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajprenal.00161.2009.
Abstract (sommario):
To study the regulation of the human PTH (hPTH) gene in vivo, we generated transgenic mice with the hPTH gene expressed in the mouse parathyroid using a bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) containing the hPTH gene within its 144-kb chromosomal region. The BAC construct maintains the native hPTH gene surrounding sequences and isolates it from positional effects. The transgenic mice had normal levels of serum mouse PTH (mPTH) in addition to both intact and bioactive hPTH. Despite the presence of both mPTH and hPTH, serum calcium and 1,25(OH)2vitamin D levels were normal. The lack of response to hPTH may be due to tachyphylaxis of the mPTH receptor (PTH1R) and/or impaired recognition of the mPTH1R. In contrast, the regulation of hPTH levels in the mouse was intact. A calcium-depleted diet increased serum mPTH and both intact and bioactive hPTH. mPTH and hPTH mRNA levels were also markedly increased. The calcimimetic R-568 dramatically decreased mPTH and hPTH serum levels. Administered recombinant fibroblast growth factor (FGF)23 decreased hPTH. Therefore, the regulation of hPTH gene expression and serum hPTH levels is intact in the transgenic mice, indicating preservation of the signal transduction of the parathyroid calcium receptor and the Klotho-FGF receptor between mouse and man.
36
Hou, Chun Juan, Qing Zhe Jiang, Zhao Zheng Song, Guo Rong Tan, Shuai Zheng e Shao Hua Li. "Effect of Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide Used in Oil Recovery on Characters of Crude Oil". Advanced Materials Research 884-885 (gennaio 2014): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.884-885.55.
Abstract (sommario):
The major objectives of this study are to experimentally investigate the influences of hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) used in oil recovery on characters of crude oil. The HPAM is SNF 3640D from SNF Floerger in French. The experiments were putting HPAM with different concentrations into crude oil, and analyzing the basal characters of crude oil. Settling experimental results showed that the content of resin and asphaltene were decrease with the increase of HPAM concentrations. The viscosity of crude oil had relation to HPAM concentrations, when the concentration of HPAM reaching 700 mg/l, the viscosity would increase about 15 percent. The forms of HPAM were observed by environment scanning electron microscope (ESEM) also changed, at first the HPAM gathered into mass, in the end the HPAM was taken off with produced water presented longer linear.
37
Nakamoto, Chizu, Hisamitsu Baba, Masaaki Fukase, Kiichiro Nakajima, Terutoshi Kimura, Shumpei Sakakibara, Takuo Fujita e Kazuo Chihara. "Individual and combined effects of intact PTH, amino-terminal, and a series of truncated carboxyl-terminal PTH fragments on alkaline phosphatase activity in dexamethasone-treated rat osteoblastic osteosarcoma cells, ROS 17/2.8". Acta Endocrinologica 128, n. 4 (aprile 1993): 367–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1280367.
Abstract (sommario):
The individual and combined effects of intact PTH, amino-terminal, and a series of truncated carboxyl-terminal PTH fragments on alkaline phosphatase activity were examined in dexamethasone-treated rat osteoblastic osteosarcoma cells ROS 17/2.8. Dexamethasone-induced alkaline phosphatase activity was inhibited not only by hPTH(1–84) and amino-terminal PTH fragment hPTH(1–34), but also by carboxyl-terminal PTH fragment hPTH(69–84) in a dose-related fashion. At 10−7 mol/1, hPTH(1–84) completely abolished dexamethasone-induced alkaline phosphatase activity, while hPTH(1–34) and hPTH(69–84) reduced alkaline phosphatase activity to 0.16±0.02 and 0.80±0.03 fold, respectively, of the control value obtained in the absence of PTH peptides. The combination of hPTH(1–34) and hPTH(69—84) resulted in reduction of alkaline phosphatase activity to the level obtained by hPTH(1-84). The shorter carboxyl-terminal PTH fragment hPTH(71–84) did not affect alkaline phosphatase activity or modulate the action of hPTH(1–34). The longer carboxyl-terminal PTH fragment hPTH(53-84) stimulated alkaline phosphatase activity up to 1.23±0.03 fold and partially blunted the inhibitory effect of hPTH(1–34) on alkaline phosphatase activity. These findings suggest that carboxyl-terminal PTH fragments could exert diverse effects on the target cells, depending on the length of deletion of amino-terminal amino acids of PTH molecule, and interact with amino-terminal PTH fragment. The two amino-terminal amino acids of hPTH(69–84) and the 53–68 portion of hPTH(53–84) might be responsible for the respective inhibitory and stimulatory effects of the peptides on alkaline phosphatase activity.
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Blind, E., H. Schmidt-Gayk, F. P. Armbruster e A. Stadler. "Measurement of intact human parathyrin by an extracting two-site immunoradiometric assay." Clinical Chemistry 33, n. 8 (1 agosto 1987): 1376–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/33.8.1376.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract This is an immunoradiometric assay of intact human parathyrin, hPTH(1-84). One antibody, directed against the N-terminal part of the hormone, was produced in goats and conjugated covalently to cellulose particles. hPTH(1-84) and the N-terminal fragments were extracted from EDTA-treated plasma by these particles and thus concentrated. Another antibody, against synthetic hPTH(53-84), was raised in rabbits; this bound to the C-terminal part of the hormone. The final step was labeling the second free binding site of this antibody with 125I-labeled Tyr52-hPTH(53-84) and measuring the bound radioactivity. This assay can detect intact PTH in concentrations as low as 0.6 pmol/L (1.2 X 10(-16) mol per tube). The assay did not cross react with hPTH(1-34), hPTH(1-44), hPTH(28-48), hPTH(39-84), hPTH(44-68), or hPTH(53-84) in concentrations up to 6400 pmol/L. In 60 normal subjects, hPTH(1-84) concentrations ranged from 1.9 to 6.8 pmol/L; in 32 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism, from 7.0 to 80 pmol/L. The hormone was not detected in four patients with hypoparathyroidism.
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Zhu, Dingwei, Jichao Zhang, Yugui Han, Hongyan Wang e Yujun Feng. "Laboratory Study on the Potential EOR Use of HPAM/VES Hybrid in High-Temperature and High-Salinity Oil Reservoirs". Journal of Chemistry 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/927519.
Abstract (sommario):
Polymer flooding represents one of the most efficient processes to enhance oil recovery, and partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM) is a widely used oil-displacement agent, but its poor thermal stability, salt tolerance, and mechanical degradation impeded its use in high-temperature and high-salinity oil reservoirs. In this work, a novel viscoelastic surfactant, erucyl dimethyl amidobetaine (EDAB), with improved thermal stability and salinity tolerance, was complexed with HPAM to overcome the deficiencies of HPAM. The HPAM/EDAB hybrid samples were studied in comparison with HPAM and EDAB in synthetic brine regarding their rheological behaviors and core flooding experiments under simulated high-temperature and high-salinity oil reservoir conditions (T: 85°C; total dissolved solids: 32,868 mg/L; [Ca2+] + [Mg2+]: 873 mg/L). It was found that the HPAM/EDAB hybrids exhibited much better heat- and salinity-tolerance and long-term thermal stability than HPAM. Core flooding tests showed that the oil recovery factors of HPAM/EDAB hybrids are between those of HPAM and EDAB. These results are attributed to the synergistic effect between HPAM and EDAB in the hybrid.
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Schmidt-Gayk, H., M. Schmitt-Fiebig, W. Hitzler, F. P. Armbruster e E. Mayer. "Two homologous radioimmunoassays for parathyrin compared and applied to disorders of calcium metabolism." Clinical Chemistry 32, n. 1 (1 gennaio 1986): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/32.1.57.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract These 48-h homologous equilibrium radioimmunoassays for human parathyrin (hPTH) are based on the use of two antisera, MS 6 and MS 7, raised in guinea pigs against human parathyroid adenoma extract. For the assay with MS 6, Tyr43-hPTH(44-68) and hPTH(44-68) were radioiodinated for use as the assay tracer. Labeled peptides were separated from free iodine by passage through Sep-Pak C18 cartridges. This RIA appears to be mid-region specific: hPTH(28-48) and hPTH(64-84) were not recognized, whereas hPTH(53-84) was 100% cross reactive with hPTH(44-68). Thus, the PTH recognition site of antiserum MS 6 must be between amino-acid residues 53 and 63. With antiserum MS 7, which recognized the PTH molecule between amino-acid residues 69 and 84, we used hPTH(53-84) for preparing the standard curve and 125I-labeled Tyr52-hPTH(53-84) as the assay tracer. Because this RIA recognized PTH fragments containing residues 69-84 of hPTH, we termed it a C-terminal assay. Both assays were useful for diagnosis of primary and secondary hyperparathyroidism.
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Li, Jun, Taotao Luo, Tingting Cheng, Ying Lei, Yameng Xing, Bin Pan e Xiao Fu. "Adsorption and Desorption Behavior of Partially Hydrolyzed Polyacrylamide on Longmaxi Shale". Processes 12, n. 3 (18 marzo 2024): 606. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr12030606.
Abstract (sommario):
Large-scale volumetric fracturing is generally used during shale gas development. The return rate of fracturing fluid is low, and a large amount of slickwater is retained in the reservoir. The adsorption and desorption of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), an additive commonly used in slickwater, on the surface of shale was studied using Longmaxi shale from the Sichuan Basin. The experimental results showed that the mass ratio of the HPAM solution to shale reached saturation adsorption at 20:1 when the concentration of HPAM solution was 1000 mg/L and 25:1 when the concentration of HPAM solution was 500 mg/L. The mass ratio of the HPAM solution to shale was fixed at 25:1, and the adsorption equilibrium was reached at a HPAM concentration of 1000 mg/L when the aqueous solution temperature was 30 °C and 800 mg/L when the aqueous solution temperature was 60 °C. The Langmuir adsorption model yielded a better fit than the Freundlich adsorption model. The adsorption equilibrium time at 30 °C was at 60 min for a HPAM concentration of 500 mg/L, while for a concentration of 1000 mg/L, it was at 90 min. The adsorption equilibrium time at 60 °C was 40 min for a HPAM concentration of 500 mg/L, whereas it was 60 min for a HPAM concentration at 1000 mg/L. The pseudo-second order (PSO) kinetics model yielded better fits than the pseudo-first order (PFO) kinetics model. The adsorption of HPAM on shale was strong, and the adsorbed HPAM resembled cobwebs adhering to the shale surface. HPAM on the surface of shale after adsorption was able to resist the desorption capacity of water. However, when the amount of adsorbed HPAM on shale increased significantly, the amount of residual HPAM on the surface of the shale decreased rapidly during desorption in deionized water. The desorption of HPAM on the shale surface followed a modified desorption model. The higher the concentration of HPAM adsorbed on the shale surface was, the easier it was to desorb and the easier it was to be removed from the shale.
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Böhler, U., E. Blind, G. Vogel, W. Hitzler, D. Flentje e H. Schmidt-Gayk. "Two-site immunochemiluminometric assay of intact human parathyrin in serum with use of a tracer peptide purified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography." Clinical Chemistry 35, n. 2 (1 febbraio 1989): 215–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/35.2.215.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract For this two-site immunochemiluminometric assay of intact human parathyrin (hPTH), the luminescent tracer was synthetic hPTH(53-84), conjugated via succinimide linkage to (aminobutyl)ethyl-isoluminol hemisuccinimide (abei-h). Purification of the labeled hPTH(53-84) by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography allowed isolation of the conjugate having the highest incorporation of abei-h, 1.6 mol per mole of hPTH(53-84). The solid-phase antibody directed against the N-terminal part of hPTH was immobilized by adsorption onto the polystyrene surface of the assay tube and extracted the intact hPTH and N-terminal fragments. Another antibody against synthetic hPTH(53-84), which bound to the C-terminal part of intact hPTH, was indirectly labeled at its second free binding site with the abei-h-labeled hPTH(53-84). The assay has a detection limit of 0.5 pmol/L; it is accurate, precise, and reliable; and it shows a linear response for samples containing up to 100 pmol of hPTH per liter. The normal reference interval ranged from 1.8 to 5.9 pmol/L; 56 patients with primary hyperparathyroidism had concentrations ranging from 5.9 to 113 pmol/L. The concentrations detected in patients with idiopathic hypoparathyroidism were below the normal reference interval.
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Proença, Aryell David, Carolina Lacorte Galina, Luísa Godoi Lopes, Monike Santana Gobbo, Victor Ribeiro Miamoto, Yuri Gam Faria, João Victor Marques Guedes et al. "Comparação do estado nutricional em pacientes com insuficiência renal crônica com e sem hiperparatireoidismo secundário". Revista da Associação Brasileira de Nutrição - RASBRAN 12, n. 1 (5 gennaio 2021): 71–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.47320/rasbran.2021.1608.
Abstract (sommario):
Objetivo: Comparar, por meio de instrumento específico (Malnutrition Inflammation Score - MIS) e recordatório alimentar, o perfil nutricional de pacientes com Insuficiência Renal Crônica (IRC) em hemodiálise com e sem Hiperparatireoidismo Secundário (HPT2). Métodos: estudo transversal com 204 pacientes com IRC em hemodiálise com e sem HPT2. O estado nutricional foi avaliado por meio do instrumento MIS e a ingesta alimentar por recordatório 24h, sendo dados deste último analisados pelo software Avanutri®. Resultados: Do total de pacientes, 136 tinham HPT2 e 68 não tinham, sendo a maioria do sexo masculino, etilistas e sedentários. Em relação ao MIS, o número de pacientes com pontuação > 6 (indicando risco nutricional) foi de 48,5% para aqueles sem HPT2 e 49,3% para os com HPT2, porém, não houve diferença estatística entre esses grupos (p >0,05). Com relação ao consumo de micronutrientes, identificou-se que as pessoas com IRC e HPT2 consumiram em maior quantidade todos os micronutrientes, com exceção a vitamina B12. No que diz respeito aqueles micronutrientes que podem intervir diretamente no HPT2, a vitamina D e o fósforo foram significativamente mais consumidos pelo grupo com IRC e HPT2. Conclusão: Não houve diferença estatística no estado nutricional de pacientes com IRC em hemodiálise com e sem HPT2. Os pacientes com IRC e HPT2 consumiram em maior quantidade todos os micronutrientes, em especial de vitamina D e fósforo, porém mantiveram os níveis séricos adequados podendo indicar, o atendimento de recomendações específicas para tratamento do HPT2.
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Rittinghaus, E. F., H. Jüppner, M. Burdelski e R. D. Hesch. "Selective determination of C-terminal (70–84) hPTH: elevated concentrations in cholestatic liver disease". Acta Endocrinologica 111, n. 1 (gennaio 1986): 62–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1530/acta.0.1110062.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract. In order to obtain a better resolution of circulating PTH-fragments, we developed a radioimmunoassay with an antiserum raised against the synthetic 70–84 hPTH molecule in a sheep. [125I](69 Tyr) 70–84 hPTH was used as the radioactive tracer with the antiserum at a final dilution of 1:200 000. Displacement curves showed that only the 70–84 hPTH, (69 Tyr) 70–84 hPTH and 53–84 hPTH fragments were able to compete with the tracer. Synthetic 28–48 hPTH, 44–68 hPTH, (61 Tyr) 62–68 hPTH, purified 1–84 hPTH and 53–84 bPTH showed no ability to displace the tracer indicating that the idiotype of the antibody is directed against the 70–84 portion that is usually hidden within the globular structure of the intact molecule. Healthy adults revealed PTH-peptide levels of 153 ± 86 pg/ml (mean ± 2 sd); 2 sd range: 67–239 pg/ml. C-terminal PTH-peptide (70–84 hPTH) concentration was normal in patients with primary hyperparathyroidism and chronic renal failure, thus excluding that neither the kidney nor the parathyroid gland is involved in the generation of this C-terminal PTH-peptide sequence. Increased levels of 70–84 hPTH immunoreactivity were found in most individuals with severe cholestatic liver disease. Since the liver appears to be responsible for part of the peripheral PTH metabolism, this assay system might be used as an indicator of altered liver function.
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Cai, Shaokang, Shurong Zhang, Canzhu Gao e Zhongfa Cheng. "Degradation of fluorescent dye-Solvent Green 7 (HPTS) in wastewater by advanced oxidation process". Water Science and Technology 82, n. 11 (4 novembre 2020): 2525–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2020.534.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Solvent Green 7 (HPTS) is a widely used fluorescent dye. As a kind of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) derivative, HPTS would cause pollution when it is discharged into the environment. This study adopted advanced oxidation processes (UV/H2O2) to degrade the HPTS in aqueous solution and investigated the effects of various factors on the degradation. The results showed that: the initial concentration and the fluorescence characteristics of HPTS reduced the degradation efficiency. When the oxidant concentration of H2O2 was 3 mg/L, the degradation efficiency and cost of HPTS (20 mg/L) were the most appropriate; when there were various inorganic anions in the solution, the degradations were not affected, but when the solution was strong acid and there existed a lot of chloride ions, the degradation of HPTS was inhibited. The degradation pathways indicated HPTS degraded into naphthalene derivatives, benzene derivatives through oxidation and decarboxylation reactions, finally into water and carbon dioxide. Further research for substances similar to HPTS structure will make progress in understanding the degradation process of PAHs.
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Ishiya, Koji, e Nobutaka Nakashima. "Comparative Genome Analysis Reveals Accumulation of Single-Nucleotide Repeats in Pathogenic Escherichia Lineages". Current Issues in Molecular Biology 44, n. 2 (20 gennaio 2022): 498–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cimb44020034.
Abstract (sommario):
Homopolymeric tracts (HPTs) can lead to phase variation and DNA replication slippage, driving adaptation to environmental changes and evolution of genes and genomes. However, there is limited information on HPTs in Escherichia; therefore, we conducted a comprehensive cross-strain search for HPTs in Escherichia genomes. We determined the HPT genomic distribution and identified a pattern of high-frequency HPT localization in pathogenic Escherichia lineages. Notably, HPTs localized near transcriptional regulatory genes. Additionally, excessive repeats accumulated in toxin-coding genes. Moreover, the genomic localization of some HPTs might be derived from exogenous DNA, such as that of bacteriophages. Altogether, our findings may prove useful for understanding the role of HPTs in Escherichia genomes.
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Riond, Jean-Luc. "Modulation of the Anabolic Effect of Synthetic Human Parathyroid Hormone Fragment-(1-34) in the Bone of Growing Rats by Variations in the Dosage Regimen". Clinical Science 85, n. 2 (1 agosto 1993): 223–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/cs0850223.
Abstract (sommario):
1. The influence of the time of the day of the administration of synthetic human parathyroid hormone fragment-(1-34) [hPTH-(1-34)] on its anabolic effect in bone was investigated in 23 60-day-old female Wistar rats. Rats were randomly assigned to the groups vehicle control morning, hPTH-(1-34)-treated morning, vehicle control afternoon and hPTH-(1-34)-treated afternoon, and once daily received a subcutaneous injection of 8 μg of hPTH-(1-34)/100 g body weight for 11 days. The increase in net intestinal calcium absorption and the increase in calcium balance were not influenced by the time of day of hPTH-(1-34) treatment. Four days after cessation of treatment, the net intestinal calcium absorption and calcium balance in hPTH-(1-34)-treated rats were not different from those of the control rats. 2. Modulation of the anabolic effect by variation of the hPTH-(1-34) dosage regimen was investigated in 43 60-day-old female Wistar rats. Rats were randomly assigned to the groups vehicle control, environmental control, 8 μg of hPTH-(1-34)/100 g body weight every 3 days for 24 days, 8 μg of hPTH-(1-34)/100g body weight every 2 days for 16 days, 8 μg of hPTH-(1-34)/100 g body weight every day for 8 days, 4 μg of hPTH-(1-34)/100 g body weight twice a day for 8 days and 2.7 μg of hPTH-(1-34)/100 g body weight three times a day for 8 days. In all cases, the total dose of hPTH-(1-34) received was 64 μg/100g body weight. Net intestinal calcium absorption and calcium balance increased significantly in the groups that received hPTH-(1-34) once a day, twice a day and three times a day. In relation with increased frequency of dosing, a significant linear trend existed for the increase in net intestinal calcium absorption and calcium balance. The hPTH-(1-34)-induced increase in total tibia calcium, total vertebrae calcium, tibia dry weight and vertebrae dry weight also tended to be more pronounced with more frequent dosing, although the trend was not significant. 3. Thus, smaller intervals between doses of hPTH-(1-34) enhance the anabolic response in bone despite the smaller doses. This effect may be secondary to 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced increased intestinal calcium absorption, decreased 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3-induced bone resorption, up-regularion of osteoblast receptors for parathyroid hormone, or a combination of these three factors.
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Jusoh, Mohd Afifi, Zulkifli Mohd Yusop, Aliashim Albani, Muhamad Zalani Daud e Mohd Zamri Ibrahim. "Investigations of Hydraulic Power Take-Off Unit Parameters Effects on the Performance of the WAB-WECs in the Different Irregular Sea States". Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, n. 8 (20 agosto 2021): 897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9080897.
Abstract (sommario):
Hydraulic power take-off (HPTO) is considered to be one of the most effective power take-off schemes for wave energy conversion systems (WECs). The HPTO unit can be constructed using standard hydraulic components that are readily available from the hydraulic industry market. However, the construction and operation of the HPTO unit are more complex rather than other types of power take-off, as many components parameters need to be considered during the optimization. Generator damping, hydraulic motor displacement, hydraulic cylinder and accumulator size are among the important parameters that influence the HPTO performance in generating usable electricity. Therefore, the influence of these parameters on the amount of generated electrical power from the HPTO unit was investigated in the present study. A simulation study was conducted using MATLAB/Simulink software, in which a complete model of WECs was developed using the Simscape fluids toolbox. During the simulation, each parameters study of the HPTO unit were separately manipulated to investigate its effects on the WECs performance in five different sea states. Finally, the simulated result of the effect of HPTO parameters on the amount of generated electrical power from the HPTO unit in different sea states is given and discussed.
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Zhang, Lei, Nasir Khan e Chunsheng Pu. "Influence of salinity on the properties of the different HPAM/Al3+systems". Oil & Gas Science and Technology – Revue d’IFP Energies nouvelles 74 (2019): 37. http://dx.doi.org/10.2516/ogst/2019011.
Abstract (sommario):
In order to achieve oil increment and water cut reduction in the heterogeneous oil reservoirs, a conformance control technology by using HPAM/Al3+systems has been widely used due to the low price and environmental friendliness. However, the complex structure and state of high-valent metal ions in brine water can directly affect the properties of the different HPAM/Al3+systems, which may lead to unreasonable applications. Therefore, in order to better utilize the HPAM/Al3+systems, the characteristics of gelation of HPAM and the three types of aluminum citrate under different salinities are systematically studied. Experimental results show that an important reason for the cross-linking reaction of HPAM/Al3+being affected by salinity is that the morphology and structure of the aluminum citrate complex is different under the different salinities. Although the change of characteristics of the reaction time and the cross-linking degree of the three HPAM/Al3+systems are different, the process of the cross-linking reactions of the three HPAM/Al3+systems are the same. Besides, the thermal stability of the HPAM/Al3+gels is weakened with the increasing of salinity regardless of the ratio of citrate ligands to Al3+. According to the matching relationship between salinity and HPAM/Al3+systems, the reaction time can be controlled to achieve the requirements of on-site construction operation for the conformance control of a given heterogeneous oil reservoir.
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Ye, Shu, Dao-Jun Xie, Peng Zhou, Hua-Wu Gao, Meng-Ting Zhang, Da-Bao Chen, Yun-Peng Qin et al. "Huang-Pu-Tong-Qiao Formula Ameliorates the Hippocampus Apoptosis in Diabetic Cognitive Dysfunction Mice by Activating CREB/BDNF/TrkB Signaling Pathway". Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine 2021 (9 giugno 2021): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5514175.
Abstract (sommario):
Background. Huang-Pu-Tong-Qiao formula (HPTQ), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula used to improve cognitive impairment. However, the underlying neuroprotective mechanism of HPTQ treated for diabetic cognitive dysfunction (DCD) remains unclear. The purpose of this study was to investigate the neuroprotective mechanism of HPTQ in DCD mice based on molecular docking. Methods. To investigate the neuroprotective effect of HPTQ in DCD, the Morris water maze (MWM), novel object recognition (NOR) test was used to detect the learning and memory changes of mice; hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining was used to investigate the damage of hippocampal neurons; the western blot (WB) was used to examine the level of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) of hippocampus. To investigate the neuroprotective mechanism of HPTQ in DCD, molecular docking was used to predict the possible target proteins of different active components in HPTQ and then the WB was used to verify the expression of key target proteins in the hippocampus of mice. Results. HPTQ improved the learning and memory ability, hippocampal neuron damage, and the level of BDNF in the hippocampus of the DCD model treated with HFD/STZ for 12 weeks. Besides, the results of molecular docking showed that the main chemical components of HPTQ could be well combined with the targets of Bcl-2-associated X (Bax) and B-cell lymphoma2 (Bcl-2) and caspase-3. The levels of Bax/Bcl-2 protein ratio and caspase-3 increased in the DCD model while the HPTQ inhibited it. In addition, HPTQ restored DCD-induced decline of p-CREB, BDNF, TrkB, and p-Akt in the hippocampus. Conclusions. These data indicated that HPTQ ameliorates the hippocampus apoptosis in diabetic cognitive dysfunction mice by activating CREB/BDNF/TrkB signaling pathway.