Tesi sul tema "Housing – political aspects"

Orientador: Maria Suely Kofes
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: Em 2007, um imóvel ocioso no bairro da Luz, em São Paulo, foi ocupado: a comunidade Mauá. Quase cinco anos depois, os moradores receberam uma ordem de despejo. Sua reação foi lutar: para que as famílias sejam atendidas (isto é, inseridas em programas de política pública habitacional) e, ao mesmo tempo, para que o despejo não ocorra. Com o pedido de liminar de reintegração de posse, vêm à tona, de maneira mais intensa, processos de construção de uma coletividade que contempla a diferença e relações entre a ocupação, o poder público e o proprietário do prédio ocupado. Esta é uma etnografia de uma experiência, em dois níveis: o da experiência da ocupação e dos confrontos e embates a partir da liminar de reintegração de posse; e da minha experiência de encontro e confronto com essa experiência objetivada. Entendo que a ocupação Mauá não se esgota na sua arquitetura e, sim, contém potencialidades e outras coletividades. Por isso, inicialmente, faço uma breve discussão sobre o ocupar, antes de apresentar a Mauá e seus entornos e situá-la no centro da cidade de São Paulo. Dignidade e vida aparecem como categorias orientadoras do habitar (na ocupação), nas falas durante atos públicos na rua ou reuniões públicas com o governo e atores estatais. Porquanto a luta pelo direito à moradia ampara-se na ideia de viver dignamente, a ordem de despejo equipara-se a uma sentença de morte - da qual, contudo, é possível escapar pela luta. As intenções metodológicas da pesquisa foram: a) não entender o movimento social como bloco homogêneo, nem os atores e seus posicionamentos como previamente definidos (mas sim como relacionais e situacionais) e b) refutar a cisão entre "novos" e "velhos" movimentos sociais. Uma das hipóteses é que os múltiplos sentidos de coletividade são construídos, sobretudo, na conexão entre passado, presente e futuro, por meio de narrativas. Como resultado, proponho entender a política como composta por elementos de resistência, reivindicação e prefiguração
Abstract: In 2007, an idle property at the neighborhood of Luz, in the city of São Paulo, was squatted: the Mauá squatting [ocupação Mauá]. Almost five years after the squatting, the inhabitants received an eviction order. Their reaction was to struggle: for the families to be attended (that is, to be contemplated in programs of public housing policy) and, at the same time, for the eviction not to happen. Together with the injunction of repossession, we can intensely observe processes of construction of a collectivity that contemplates the difference and relations between the squatting, the public power and the building owner. This is in ethnography of an experience, in two levels: first, the experience of the squatting and the confrontation and shocks from the moment of the injunction of repossession; second, of my experience of encounter and confrontation with this objectified experience. I understand that the Mauá squatting is not only its architecture, but it also contains potentialities and other collectivities. That is the reason I begin with a brief discussion about the squatting, before introducing Mauá and its surroundings and situate it in the center of São Paulo city. Dignity and life show up as guiding categories of dwelling (in the squatting), in speeches during public protests at the street or public reunions with government and state actors. Inasmuch as the struggle for the right to housing is supported by the idea of living with dignity, the eviction equates to a death sentence - from which, however, is possible to escape through the struggle [luta]. The methodological intentions of this research were: a) not to understand the social movement as a homogeneous block, neither its actors and positions as previously defined (instead, to understand them as relational and situational) and b) to refute the split between "new" and "old" social movements. One of the hypotheses is that multiple senses of collectivity are mainly built in the connection between past, present and future, through narratives. As an outcome, I propose to understand the politics as composed by resistance, claiming and prefiguration elements
Mestrado
Antropologia Social
Mestra em Antropologia Social

Orientadores: Ricardo Antunes, Yves Sintomer
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciencias Humanas
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Resumo: Este trabalho trata dos campos de ação dos movimentos sociais, os componentes e o papel dos atores. São três os compartimentos com os quais se pretende abrir e iniciar um aprendizado sobre um setor do movimento de moradia em São Paulo, durante o governo PT entre 2001-004, momento intermediário entre a fase de reestruturação da produção capitalista no país, iniciada por um governo neoliberal, e a sua consolidação por um governo que se reivindica de esquerda: o primeiro, no terreno da institucionalidade; o segundo, no domínio político; e o terceiro, no campo categorial. Os três implicando em questões próprias a outros movimentos, apresentando problemas cujas causas endógenas ou exógenas não são jamais exaustivas, vislumbrando perspectivas ainda não distinguidas, são desenvolvidos na tentativa de encontrar respostas aos fenômenos comuns à metrópoles como São Paulo. A observação empírica dos movimentos de moradia leva a constatações relativas à dinâmica dos movimentos em relação às políticas públicas, aos partidos, à sua condição de pertencer a um domínio categorial, o de ser composto majoritariamente por mulheres e migrantes, e de existir graças aos teólogos da libertação. Algumas delas, admitidas há algum tempo pelos estudiosos ou teóricos de movimentos sociais, outras negadas ou rejeitadas, mas nenhuma das constatações leva em consideração o caráter de interdependência entre os três compartimentos citados acima. Uma análise mais aprofundada mostra que os movimentos que lutam por problemas específicos, mesmo conscientes dos problemas do conjunto da sociedade, tendem a permanecerem isolados e marginalizados se não conseguem criar a necessária constituição das relações de força sob determinadas condições, das quais uma delas é a independência do aparelho do Estado, que paradoxalmente encontra-se comprometida há alguns anos no Brasil
Abstract: This thesis focuses on the fields of action of social movements, their components and the role of the participants. There are three categories from which a new perspective on a sector of the housing movement in São Paulo during the PT government from 2001 to 2004 will be developed. This was a period between the phase of restructuration of capitalist production in Brazil, introduced by a neo-liberal government and its consolidation by a government that claimed to be left. The first category is in institutional terms, the second in political terms and the thirdly the categorial realm. These three elements ¿ which imply questions specific to other movements, present problems whose internal or external causes are never fully covered, and raise perspectives not yet determined ¿ are developed in an attempt to find answers to the phenomena common to large urban areas such as São Paulo. The empiric observation of urban housing movements brings us to conclusions relating to the dynamic of movements vis-a-vis governmental and party policies, to their condition, which is to belong to a categorial realm, to be made up mainly of women and migrants and to exist thanks to liberation theologists. Some of these conclusions have been accepted for some time by researchers and social movement theorists, some have been denied or rejected, but none of them have taken into account the interdependence of the three elements noted above. A more in-depth analysis shows that the movements which fight on specific problems, even if they are aware of wide-ranging social problems, tend to remain isolated, marginalized if they do not manage to create the necessary relationship of forces in the specific conditions, one of which is independence from the state apparatus, which paradoxically finds itself having been compromised for a number of years in Brazil
Doutorado
Sociologia
Doutor em Sociologia

Orientador: Luciana Ferreira Tatagiba
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Filosofia e Ciências Humanas
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Resumo: Esta tese tem como objetivo principal problematizar o debate sobre a participação política e a construção da democracia no Brasil. Tendo como referência empírica as ocupações de imóveis ociosos no centro da cidade de São Paulo, ações realizadas pelo movimento de moradia da capital paulista, nossa proposta consiste em ampliar o escopo de análise referente ao tema da participação na literatura nacional. Em linhas gerais, este debate ficou restrito à dimensão institucional desta, desconsiderando outras formas de atuação política que, a despeito de se caracterizarem por sua extra institucionalidade, também podem ser entendidas como formas de participação política. O argumento central da tese é que o deslocamento analítico aqui proposto (dos espaços institucionais em direção ao espaço "das ruas") oferece vantagens analíticas importantes no debate teórico sobre a democracia, uma vez que nos possibilita lançar luz sobre temas e conflitos cruciais para o entendimento da disputa pela construção democrática e identificar com mais clareza os diferentes projetos políticos em disputa. A sociedade brasileira, no período pós-autoritário, foi capaz de avançar significativamente na construção de espaços participativos institucionais dedicados ao processo de formulação, implementação e execução das políticas públicas nas mais diferentes áreas. Atualmente, existe um significativo consenso construído em torno do ideário participativo: as mais diferentes forças políticas estão de acordo com relação à legitimidade da participação popular na administração pública. Contudo, este consenso se desfaz nitidamente quando se trata de reconhecer como legítimas outras formas de atuação política, como é o caso das ocupações de terras e imóveis ociosos promovidas pelos movimentos sociais do campo e da cidade. Ao longo do texto, procuramos esclarecer que a controvérsia encetada pelas ocupações na opinião pública está diretamente relacionada ao conflito que estas acionam: em última análise, as ocupações contestam o direito de propriedade irrestrito das classes economicamente dominantes da sociedade, ainda que não questionem o direito de propriedade em si mesmo. Para referenciar a discussão empiricamente, nos debruçamos sobre as ocupações de imóveis ociosos promovidas pelo movimento de moradia no centro da capital paulista, demonstrando que estas ações também acionam um conflito específico: o questionamento do modelo hegemônico de urbanização, que historicamente empurrou as classes mais pobres para as áreas periféricas dos grandes centros urbanos. Trata-se de uma luta, portanto, pelo direito de morar nas áreas centrais, o que classificamos, nesta tese, como uma luta pelo direito à cidade. Demonstramos também que estas ocupações, iniciadas em 1997, trouxeram importantes conquistas para o movimento em questão, tanto do ponto de vista material quanto simbólico. Apontamos ainda o debate jurídico relacionado à legitimidade e à legalidade das ocupações. Inclusive dentro do poder judiciário, podemos identificar um conflito entre diferentes concepções relacionadas à legitimidade destas ações. A metodologia da pesquisa envolveu a revisão bibliográfica e conceitual dos temas pertinentes, trabalho de campo, entrevistas, análise de material jornalístico e de documentos produzidos pelos próprios movimentos sociais analisados
Abstract: The main goal of this thesis is to debate the political participation and the democratic construction in Brazil. For that, it was chosen, as empirical reference, the occupations of idle properties downtown of the city of São Paulo, actions performed by the housing movement, our proposal is to broaden the scope of analysis concerning the issue of participation in the national literature. In general, this debate was restricted to the institutional dimension of participation, disregarding other forms of political action that, despite being external to the institutions, can also be understood as forms of political participation. The central argument of the thesis is that the analytical shift proposed here (institutional spaces toward space of "the streets") offers important advantages in analytical theoretical debate on democracy, since it enables us to shed light on issues and conflicts that are crucial for understanding the dispute for building democracy and identify more clearly the different political projects in dispute. The Brazilian society, in the post-authoritarian period, was able to make significant progress in building institutional participatory spaces dedicated to the development, implementation and execution of public policies in different areas. At present, there is a significant consensus built around participatory ideals: the most different political forces agree regarding the legitimacy of public participation in public administration. However, this consensus clearly breaks down when it comes to recognize as legitimate other forms of political action, as the case of land occupations and idle properties promoted by social movements in the countryside and the city. Throughout of the text, we seek to clarify that the controversy initiated by occupations in the public opinion is directly related to the conflict that they trigger: the occupations challenging the unrestricted right of property of the economically dominant classes of society, though not question the right of ownership in itself. To reference the discussion empirically, our study turns to the occupations of idle properties promoted by the housing movement in downtown of São Paulo, demonstrating that these actions also trigger a specific conflict: questioning the hegemonic model of urbanization, that historically pushed the poorer classes to outlying areas of large urban centers. It is therefore a struggle for the right to live in the central areas, which we classify in this thesis as a struggle for the right to the city. We have also demonstrated that these occupations, started in 1997, brought important achievements to the housing movement, from the standpoint of both material and symbolic. We still point the debate related to legitimacy and the legality of occupations. Including within the judiciary, we can identify a conflict between different conceptions regarding the legitimacy of these actions. The research methodology involved the literature and conceptual review of relevant topics, fieldwork, interviews, analysis of journalistic material and documents produced by the social movements analyzed
Doutorado
Ciencias Sociais
Doutor em Ciências Sociais

This diploma thesis deals with housing policy and rent housing in Czech republic. First basic terms of housing and consequences of rent housing are described. The second chapter concentrates on the rent housing, in detail particular kinds of this sort of housing are described. The third chapter introduces historical development and reasons of rent restriction in Czech republic. The next part concentrates on the development of law and conception documents in the field of housing policy and current legal form of rent housing. The last part analyses financial availability of housing, it presents the development of restricted rent prices and introduces the prediction model of impacts of rent liberalization applied on the law of unilateral increase of rents. It suggests also possible compensations of these effects.

This dissertation offers a study of everyday relations between residents and the state on a post-industrial council estate in England. Drawing upon historical and ethnographic data, it analyses how, often under conditions of sustained exclusion, residents rely upon the state in their daily struggles for security and survival. My central ethnographic finding is that residents personalise the state alongside informal networks of support and care into a local sociality of reciprocity. This finding can be broken into three interconnected points. First, I argue that the reciprocal contract between citizens and the state emerged in the post-war years when the residents on the newly built estates negotiated their dependence upon the state by integrating it into their on-going social relations. A climate of relative material affluence, selective housing policies, and a paternalistic regime of housing management all created conditions which were conducive for this temporary union between residents and the state. Second, however, I argue that with the decline of industry and shifts towards neoliberal policies, residents increasingly struggle to hold the state accountable to its reciprocal obligations towards local people. This becomes manifest today both in the material neglect of council estates as well as in state officials' reluctance to become implicated in social relations with and between residents. Third, I argue that this failure on the part of the state to attend to residents' demands often has onerous effects on people's lives. It not only exacerbates residents' exposure to insecurity and threat, but is also experienced as a moral affront which generates larger narratives of abandonment and betrayal. Theoretically, this dissertation critically discusses and challenges contrasting portrayals of the state, and of state-citizen relations, in two bodies of literature. On the one hand, in much of the sociological and anthropological literature on working class communities, authors have adopted a community-centred approach which has depicted working class communities as self-contained entities against which the state emerges as a distant or hostile entity. I argue that such a portrayal is premised upon a romanticised view of working class communities which neglects the intimate presence of the state in everyday life. On the other hand, the theoretical literature on the British state has adopted a state-centred perspective which has seen the state as a renewed source of order and authority in disintegrating communities today. My suggestion is that this portrayal rests upon a pathologising view of social decline which fails to account for the persistence of informal social relations and the challenges that these pose to the state's authority from below. Finally, moving beyond the community-centred and state-centred perspectives, I argue for the need to adopt a middle ground which combines an understanding of the nature and workings of informal relations with an acknowledgement of the ubiquity of the state. Such an approach allows us to recognise that, far from being a hostile entity or, alternatively, an uncontested source of order, the state occupies shifting positions within an overarching sociality of reciprocity and its associated demands for alliances and divisions. I refer to such an approach as the personalisation of the state.

L’urbanisation est un des faits majeurs du 21ème siècle, avec des migrations massives vers les villes des pays en développement. Étant donné l’inertie et la dépendance au sentier qui caractérisent les formes urbaines, il y a un besoin pressant de mettre en place les fondations d’une urbanisation réussie dès aujourd’hui. Un aspect important est de permettre des trajectoires urbaines bas carbone et soutenables et d’éviter des « lock-ins » intensifs en carbone, en particulier pour les émissions provenant du transport urbain. Les progrès technologiques sous la forme de véhicules plus efficaces et de carburants alternatifs ne semblent, aujourd’hui, pas en mesure d’atteindre cet objectif seuls. Et les émissions de CO2 issues du transport urbain étant partiellement un co-produit des formes urbaines, les politiques foncières, de logement et de transport sont de manière croissante reconnues comme des leviers importants pour freiner la demande de transport et promouvoir des modes de transport doux et collectifs qui contribuent à la réduction des émissions.Bien qu’importante, la réduction des émissions de CO2 n’est qu’un objectif parmi d’autres pour les décideurs locaux : agir sur la pauvreté, la fourniture de services publiques de base et l’accès à un logement abordable sont d’autres exemples d’objectifs importants. Des politiques visant à réduire les émissions qui mettraient en péril d’autres buts ou qui se traduiraient par des niveaux de bien-être des populations réduits (principalement à travers des coûts du logement plus élevés) auraient peu de chances d’être acceptées et mises en œuvre. Des politiques climat portant sur le transport urbain se doivent donc d’être à la fois efficaces et politiquement acceptables.Partant de constat, cette thèse examine comment un groupe de politiques et d’investissements urbain, foncier et transport peuvent contribuer à freiner les émissions de CO2 liées au transport urbain et quelles sont les conséquences pour les ménages en termes de bien-être dans les aires urbaines. Cette analyse est conduite à travers le développement, la calibration et l’application à des villes réelles d’un modèle Transports – Usages des sols fondé micro-économiquement (NEDUM-2D)
Urbanization is one of the most defining traits of the 21st century with people flocking to cities in massive numbers in developing countries. Given the inertia and path dependence that urban forms display, there is a strong need to get urbanization right today. One key aspect is to ensure low-carbon and sustainable urban futures and avoid carbon-intensive lock-ins, in particular for emissions stemming from urban transport. Technology in the form of more efficient vehicles and alternative fuels currently does not seem to be able to achieve this goal alone. And as urban transport CO2 emissions are partially a by-product of urban forms; land-use, housing and transport policies are increasingly recognized as important levers to curb transport demand and promote soft and collective transport modes which contribute to emission mitigation.However important, reducing CO2 emissions is but one of city policy makers’ objectives: acting on poverty, providing basic services and access to affordable housing to name a few are equally important. So that policies aiming to reduce emissions, that would jeopardize other goals or result in lower welfare levels (mainly through higher housing costs) have low chances of being accepted and implemented. Successful urban-transport climate policies need to be both effective and politically acceptable.Starting from this assessment, this dissertation investigates how a subset of urban, land and transport policies and investments can contribute to curb transport-related CO2 emissions and what are the welfare consequences for households in urban areas. This is done through the development, calibration and application of a micro-economically founded land use – transport model (NEDUM-2D) to real-world urban areas

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The new legal framework urban invites us to rethink public property as a way to expand the public sphere, recognizing in it the City and Law produced social and collectively. Research advances and challenges for the democratization of access to public property developed in this work are guided by the following principles: Public property: Reconfiguration of public property in the evolution of the legal system, since the system of Sesmarias to the Federal Constitution of 1988, the City Statute (Law 10.257/2001), Land Federal Regularization Law (Law 11.481/2007) e Law Regularization of Urban Settlements (Law 11.977/2009). The social function and discretion: Overcoming the concept of public property as "heritage of public administration" as a condition for the linking of public property to accomplish its social function as "all assets" as defined under the participatory territorial planning. Investigate when governments can not only, but have to recognize the right to housing of low-income occupants of urban public areas. Subjective rights: Since the approval of the City Statute (Law 10.257/2001), new collective rights are recognized. We are dedicated to the study of the legal nature and scope of the Concession Special Use for Housing to public areas occupied for housing purposes in the light of art. 183 of the Constitution and MP 2.220/2001. D emocracy: Analysis of experience of land management of social interest in local and federal public areas, identifying challenges and progress made in the public policy of interest social regularization. These studies, suggest possible ways for the reduction of territorial segregation and the housing deficit in Brazil
O novo marco legal urbano nos convida a repensar a propriedade pública como forma de ampliar a esfera pública, reconhecendo nela a Cidade e o Direito produzido social e coletivamente. A investigação dos avanços e desafios para a democratização do acesso aos imóveis públicos desenvolvida neste trabalho é orientada pelos seguintes eixos: Propriedade pública: Reconfiguração da propriedade pública na evolução do ordenamento jurídico, desde o regime de sesmarias até a Constituição Federal de 1988, Estatuto da Cidade (Lei nº 10.257/2001), Lei nº 11.481/2007 (Lei de Regularização Fundiária de Terras da União) e Lei nº 11.977/2009 (Lei de Regularização Fundiária de Assentamentos Urbanos). Função social e discricionariedade: Superação do conceito de propriedade pública como patrimônio da Administração Pública , como condição para a vinculação da propriedade pública à efetivação de sua função social como patrimônio de todos , definida no âmbito do planejamento territorial participativo. Investigamos quando o Poder Público não só pode como deve reconhecer o direito à moradia de ocupantes de baixa renda de áreas públicas urbanas. Direitos subjetivos: A partir da aprovação do Estatuto da Cidade (Lei nº 10.257/2001), novos direitos coletivos são reconhecidos. Dedicamo-nos ao estudo da natureza jurídica e aplicação da Concessão de Uso Especial para fins de Moradia (CUEM) às áreas públicas ocupadas para fins de moradia à luz do art. 183 da Constituição e Medida Provisória nº 2.220/2001. Democratização: Análise de experiências de regularização fundiária de interesse social em áreas públicas municipais e federais, identificando os desafios e avanços obtidos no âmbito das políticas públicas de regularização fundiária de interesse social. Tais estudos apontam caminhos possíveis para a redução da segregação territorial e redução do déficit habitacional brasileiro

Yao, Wang.
Thesis (M.Phil.)--Chinese University of Hong Kong, 2010.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 38-39).
Abstracts in English and Chinese.
Abstract --- p.i
Acknowledgements --- p.ii
Contents --- p.iii
Chapter 1 --- Introduction --- p.1
Chapter 2 --- A Case Study of the Land Market in Hong Kong --- p.7
Chapter 2.1 --- Background --- p.7
Chapter 2.2 --- Institutions related to the land market --- p.7
Chapter 2.2.1 --- Land Disposals --- p.8
Chapter 2.2.2 --- Public Housing --- p.9
Chapter 2.3 --- Recent Land and Housing Market History --- p.10
Chapter 2.3.1 --- Land Supply and Land Prices --- p.11
Chapter 3 --- A Theory of Political Economy of Land Supply --- p.16
Chapter 3.1 --- Model Setup --- p.16
Chapter 3.2 --- Definition of Equilibrium --- p.19
Chapter 3.3 --- Equilibrium Characterization --- p.20
Chapter 3.4 --- Comparative Statics --- p.28
Chapter 4 --- Conclusion --- p.31
Appendix --- p.33
Reference --- p.38

Over the last three decades master-planned estates (MPEs) have grown in popularity in developed and developing countries alike. Building on the body of Australian research on this topic, this thesis is concerned with MPEs developed since the early 1980s in Australia, and with analysing some of the social and cultural factors underpinning their contemporary growth and popularity. The thesis examines the relationship between MPEs in Australia as a consumer product and the aspiration of its residents for social distinction. A number of social, political and cultural trends related to the consumption of social and spatial geography such as exclusivity, tendency for private governance, lifestyle and taste, consumer culture such as brand and subculture, and the motivation behind this consumption have been examined and matched to an empirical study involving residents of MPEs as consumers, in addition to developers and officers of local governments. The study relies on qualitative research method based on case study design consisting of two MPEs in the Sydney metropolitan area. The findings based on the two estates support the argument that MPEs as consumer product that consumed in pursuit of a desire of social distinction. The findings also suggest that the estates are a product through which residents live an imagined sense of community and the house as walls and roof become a symbolic mark for that social distinction. Furthermore, the study finds that the estates could constitute a subcultural capital in addition to the current social capital residents are accumulating. Findings also suggest that MPEs represented in these estates have the potential to become a brand culture in the future due to the high level of interest from the growing number of buyers seeking to procure social and cultural distinction.

Housing delivery has been in a state of crisis long before the realisation of democracy in South Africa and still remains a point of contention for the poor. Issues of service delivery, particularly housing delivery, have consistently made newspaper headlines in post-apartheid South Africa. Between 2004 and 2012, service delivery protests increased from 34% in 2005 to 173% in 2012. The City Press, a weekly newspaper, focused on the coverage of issues of development in South Africa, emerging as an important voice in reporting on citizen action related to service delivery in the country during this time. Therefore, the principal objective of this study was to investigate the City Press representation of citizen action on housing delivery in South Africa between 2005 and 2015. With a view to providing insight into the role of the media in development, this study employed qualitative research methodology. Qualitative content analysis was utilised in studying the City Press editorials and the City Press individual journalist’ opinion pieces and the newspaper news reports. In addition, past and present City Press journalists identified with reporting on developmental issues were interviewed. The development communication theory was explored as an appropriate theoretical framework for this study, The investigation of the City Press representation of citizen action on housing delivery found that there were several complex issues and processes that negatively impacted the process of housing delivery during the second decade of South African democracy, including a scourge of corruption driven by inefficiencies administration of the housing delivery process. In that respect the study revealed that housing delivery has been hindered by many aspects, resulting in tensions and a strained relationship between the government and the poor citizens of South Africa. Furthermore, the study established that the City Press individual journalists played a significant role in the representation of citizen action through portraying housing delivery protests at key moments when these happened.
Communication Science
D. Lit. Phil. (Communication)

The thesis explores legal assumptions of social housing in the Czech Republic. Defining social housing, the thesis frames the topic in the relation to other terms - housing policy, right to housing, or residential social services. Characteristics of the Czech social security system are shown in the historical perspective of Czech Lands since the second half of the 19th century. Based upon the historical investigation, author deduces major structural consequences for the contemporary social housing. The main goal of the thesis is evaluation of the ongoing legal frame regarding to applicability of new trends of social housing. Reflecting upon the recent development, the thesis also deals with unsuccessful bills on social housing and shows major trends in the Czech social security system which are related to housing. The thesis draws upon an analysis of legal tools related with provision of social housing in the Czech Republic. In this part, author distinguishes three levels of legal norms. The first level represents prevention of housing problems, the second level provides norms to support those who have housing problems, ant the third level regulates position of municipalities in the social housing system. Author concludes that the norms differ in presumption of living in standard housing (civil...

This diploma thesis deals with a social policy of Czech Republic and young disabled people. The main aim of this thesis is an evaluation of social policy. If and how social policy reflects needs and issues of disabled persons. The second aim of this thesis is an indentification of biggest issues which disabled people have with a support of interviews with respondents - users of social policy. Next aim is to describe how actual social policy supports to solve issues of disabled people. This thesis analyzes possibilities of current social policy for young disabled people, how these possibilities disabled people use and how it helps them. This diploma thesis also deals with a question, if current social policy support indenpendence of young disabled people and helps them to have their own indenpendent life and household. Also topic of negative gaps in current social policy is subject of this thesis.

There is no historiography on Durban coloureds . This work is an attempt to change that . This dissertation is an urban study of a small coloured community in Greenwood Park (GWP) during the apartheid era - a study in which housing is used as a vehicle to examine this community's response to their changing economic and socio-political status from the 1950's to the 1970's. Because of the absence of historical data , this study relies heavily on the contributions of other social sciences . It also uses oral data to fill the many gaps in the story of this marginal group . Chapter 4 and 5 explores housing as a complex physical and social phenomenon. Chapter 6 explores the GWP community's response to their housing environment . In this chapter, the association between housing and socio-economic status is explored . From 1950 to the l 970's, housing became the single most defining entity which kept coloureds trapped in the vortex of privilege and oppression .
History
M. A. (History)