Articoli di riviste: "Housing and health - Japan"

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Watanabe, Maiko, Rumi Konuma, Naoki Kobayashi, Akiko Yamazaki, Yoichi Kamata, Kenichi Hasegawa, Noritaka Kimura et al. "Indoor Fungal Contamination in Temporary Housing after the East Japan Great Earthquake Disaster". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, n. 6 (23 marzo 2021): 3296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18063296.

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To understand fungal contamination in the indoor environment of the disaster region, a field survey was performed to measure the number of fungal counts and identify isolates in the indoor air of prefabricated temporary housing, privately independent-housing, and rented apartments flooded by the East Japan Great Earthquake disaster tsunami. As a result, the period with the highest detected fungal count was from the rainy season to summer in independent-housing and rented apartments. Moreover, in the temporary housing, the fungal number increased further in winter as indicated by the maximum fungal-number throughout the measurement period. The detection frequency of Aspergillus species was relatively higher in the indoor air of temporary housing than in typical housing in the non-disaster area. Since Aspergillus is known as an allergenic genus, it requires careful attention to the health risk for residents. The extremely high level of fungal condensation in indoor air possibly occurred due to high relative humidity and loss of heat insulation in the building attics. It is suggested that this problem commonly happened in the cold region including the entire disaster region of the East Japan Great Earthquake.

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Kuniyoshi, Yasutaka, Masahiro Kikuya, Masako Miyashita, Chizuru Yamanaka, Mami Ishikuro, Taku Obara, Hirohito Metoki et al. "Prefabricated Temporary Housing and Eczema or Respiratory Symptoms in Schoolchildren after the Great East Japan Earthquake: The ToMMo Child Health Study". Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 13, n. 5-6 (3 giugno 2019): 905–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2019.8.

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ABSTRACTObjective:We aimed to investigate the association between types of housing and allergic symptoms at 3–4 years following the Great East Japan Earthquake.Methods:Our study was based on the ToMMo Child Health Study conducted in 2014 and 2015, a cross-sectional survey of public school children in Miyagi Prefecture, Japan. Of the 46 648 invited schoolchildren in the 2nd to 8th grades, 9884 were included. Presence of eczema, wheezing, and mental health symptoms was defined with questionnaires. To calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% CIs for the associations between types of housing and eczema or respiratory symptoms, we fitted generalized linear mixed models, included a random effect for municipality of residence, and adjusted for sex, school grade, survey year, and mental health symptoms.Results:Prefabricated temporary housing was significantly associated with eczema symptoms (OR, 1.46; 95% CI, 1.06–2.02). Even after adjusting for the presence of mental health symptoms, our analysis produced similar results (OR, 1.42; 95% CI, 1.03–1.96). Conversely, it was not significantly associated with respiratory symptoms (OR, 0.97; 95% CI, 0.61–1.54).Conclusions:Children living in prefabricated temporary housing had a higher prevalence of eczema symptoms; however, prevalence of respiratory symptoms was not significantly higher.

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Moriyama, Nobuaki, Yukio Urabe, Shuichi Onoda, Noriaki Maeda e Tomoyoshi Oikawa. "Effect of Residence in Temporary Housing After the Great East Japan Earthquake on the Physical Activity and Quality of Life of Older Survivors". Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 11, n. 6 (19 giugno 2017): 701–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2017.19.

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AbstractObjectiveThis study aimed to compare the physical activity level and health-related quality of life (HRQOL) between older survivors residing in temporary housing after the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE; temporary housing group) and older individuals residing in their own homes (control group) and to clarify whether mobility function and muscle strength were correlated with physical activity among older temporary housing residents.MethodsSubjects were recruited to the temporary housing group (n=64, 19 men and 45 women) or control group (n=64, 33 men and 31 women) according to their residence. Physical activity was assessed by the number of walking steps determined by using a triaxial accelerometer, mobility function by the Timed Up and Go test, muscle strength by the grasping power test, and HRQOL by the Medical Outcome Study 36-Item Short Form Survey v2.ResultsIn the temporary housing group, reduced physical activity and correlation between physical activity and mobility function in men, and muscle strength in both men and women, were observed. There was no significant difference in HRQOL between groups except for bodily pain in women.ConclusionSupport for older evacuees should focus on maintaining their physical activity level as well as on HRQOL to avoid deterioration of health in these survivors. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:701–710)

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Shiba, Koichiro, Hiroyuki Hikichi, Jun Aida, Katsunori Kondo e Ichiro Kawachi. "Long-Term Associations Between Disaster Experiences and Cardiometabolic Risk: A Natural Experiment From the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami". American Journal of Epidemiology 188, n. 6 (15 marzo 2019): 1109–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwz065.

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Abstract We investigated the association between disaster experience and the cardiometabolic risk of survivors 2.5 years after disaster onset, adjusting for health information predating the disaster, using natural experiment data stemming from the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami. We used data from a cohort of adults aged 65 years or older in Iwanuma City, Japan, located 80 km (128 miles) west of the earthquake epicenter. The baseline survey was completed 7 months before the disaster, and the follow-up survey was performed among survivors approximately 2.5 years after the disaster. The survey data were linked to medical records with information on objectively measured cardiometabolic risk factors (n = 1,195). The exposure of interest was traumatic disaster experiences (i.e., housing damage and loss of loved ones). Fixed-effects regression showed that complete housing destruction was significantly associated with a 0.81-unit greater change in body mass index (weight (kg)/height (m)2; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.24, 1.38), a 4.26-cm greater change in waist circumference (95% CI: 1.12, 7.41), and a 4.77-mg/dL lower change in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol level (95% CI: −7.96, −1.58) as compared with no housing damage. We also observed a significant association between major housing damage and decreased systolic blood pressure. Continued health checkups and supports for victims who lost homes should be considered to maintain their cardiometabolic health.

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Hikichi, Hiroyuki, Jun Aida, Katsunori Kondo e Ichiro Kawachi. "Six-year follow-up study of residential displacement and health outcomes following the 2011 Japan Earthquake and Tsunami". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, n. 2 (4 gennaio 2021): e2014226118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2014226118.

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Studies examining the long-term health consequences of residential displacement following large-scale disasters remain sparse. Following the 2011 Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, victims who lost their homes were resettled by two primary means: 1) group relocation to public housing or 2) individual relocation, in which victims moved into public housing by lottery or arranged for their own accommodation. Little is known about how the specific method of residential relocation affects survivors’ health. We examined the association between residential relocation and long-term changes in mental and physical well-being. Our baseline assessment predated the disaster by 7 mo. Two follow-up surveys were conducted ∼2.5 y and 5.5 y after the disaster to ascertain the long-term association between housing arrangement and health status. Group relocation was associated with increased body mass index and depressive symptoms at 2.5-y follow-up but was no longer significantly associated with these outcomes at 5.5-y follow-up. Individual relocation at each follow-up survey was associated with lower instrumental activities of daily living as well as higher risk of cognitive impairment. Our findings underscore the potential complexity of long-term outcomes associated with residential displacement, indicating both positive and negative impacts on mental versus physical dimensions of health.

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Goodwin, Robin, Kemmyo Sugiyama, Shaojing Sun, Jun Aida e Menachem Ben-Ezra. "Psychological distress after the Great East Japan Earthquake: two multilevel 6-year prospective analyses". British Journal of Psychiatry 216, n. 3 (2 dicembre 2019): 144–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.2019.251.

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BackgroundThe Great East Japan Earthquake of 11 March 2011 led to the relocation of 300 000 survivors. Studies following disasters focus primarily on data collected in the immediate aftermath and neglect the influence of wider community factors.AimsA three-level prospective study examining associations between survivors' psychological distress and individual- and social-level factors in the 6 years following a complex disaster.MethodWe drew on two multi-wave data collections in the 6 years after the earthquake, using residents from different forms of housing. Sample 1 included six waves of private-housing residents from 2011 to 2016 (n = 1084 per wave), sample 2 five waves of residents living in prefabricated housing from 2012 to 2016 (n = 1515 per wave). We analysed prospective associations between distress and time (level 1), pre-existing disorders and disaster experiences and behaviours (level 2) and city-wide measures of support and physical activity (level 3).ResultsMultilevel models with random coefficients demonstrated greater distress in earlier waves (samples 1 and 2 respectively, adjusted β = −15 and β = −0.16, P < 0.001), among female respondents (β = 0.58, P = 0.01 and β = 1.74, P = 0.001), in those with a previous psychiatric history (β = 2.76, β = 2.06, P < 0.001) with diminished levels of activity post-earthquake (β = 1.40, β = 1.51, P < 0.001) and those lacking in social support (β = 1.95, β = 1.51, P < 0.001). Support from spouses and friends was most protective of psychological health. City-level support was negatively associated with distress, but only among those in prefabricated housing.ConclusionsPsychological distress diminished with time, but varied across gender, psychiatric history, housing, levels of activity and availability of social support. Practitioners should consider individual- and city-level factors when devising effective interventions.

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Orui, Masatsugu. "Re-Increased Male Suicide Rates in the Recovery Phase Following the Great East Japan Earthquake". Crisis 41, n. 6 (novembre 2020): 422–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000656.

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Abstract. Background: Monitoring of suicide rates in the recovery phase following a devastating disaster has been limited. Aim: We report on a 7-year follow-up of the suicide rates in the area affected by the Great East Japan Earthquake, which occurred in March 2011. Method: This descriptive study covered the period from March 2009 to February 2018. Period analysis was used to divide the 108-month study period into nine segments, in which suicide rates were compared with national averages using Poisson distribution. Results: Male suicide rates in the affected area from March 2013 to February 2014 increased to a level higher than the national average. After subsequently dropping, the male rates from March 2016 to February 2018 re-increased and showed a greater difference compared with the national averages. The difference became significant in the period from March 2017 to February 2018 ( p = .047). Limitations: Specific reasons for increasing the rates in the recovery phase were not determined. Conclusion: The termination of the provision of free temporary housing might be influential in this context. Provision of temporary housing was terminated from 2016, which increased economic hardship among needy evacuees. Furthermore, disruption of the social connectedness in the temporary housing may have had an influence. Our findings suggest the necessity of suicide rate monitoring even in the recovery phase.

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Masuno, Kanako, Rika Ohtsuka e Kamada Nobuko. "Living Condition Relating to Social Isolation and Suicidal Thoughts Over 65 Years Old Living in Prefabricated Temporary Housing After the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE)". Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (maggio 2019): s146—s147. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19003261.

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Introduction:The Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) and subsequent devastating tsunami struck the northeastern coast of Japan on March 11, 2011. According to the previous studies about displaced evacuees, increases in suicide rates and social isolation (especially among older adults) have been reported. However, the living condition of residents at prefabricated temporary housing after GEJE is unclear.Aim:To explore potential factors which might relate to social isolation and suicidal thoughts among older adults by using a qualitative method.Methods:Inclusion criteria for this study were older adults over 65 years living in prefabricated temporary housing since the GEJE. Data were collected by face-to-face-interviews with semi-structured questionnaire between October and December 2014. The protocol of this study was approved by the Ethics Board of the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology. This research was supported by the Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare of Japan (No.H25-iryou-shitei-003).Results:Twenty older adults participated in the study. Most of them had been engaged in agriculture or fishery and experienced the sudden loss of family members, friends, and property in the aftermath of the GEJE. Findings indicated that social connections formed through the collective construction of prefabricated temporary housing. The study found that individuals who had less emotional and financial support experienced a greater feeling of sadness, social isolation, and suicidal thoughts. The study also suggested that people who live in temporary housing are strongly affected by economic insecurity and that it aggravates the risks for social isolation and psychological distress.Discussion:Although there were limitations regarding standardization and compatibility, this research found that the qualitative method can obtain the data which the quantitative method cannot reach. Scale-up of universal guidelines including the knowledge from qualitative research and case report under the devastating disaster setting is anticipated for better evidence base for next coming disaster.

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Tsuchiya, Masahiro, Jun Aida, Takashi Watanabe, Masamichi Shinoda, Yumi Sugawara, Yasutake Tomata, Yutaka Yabe et al. "High prevalence of toothache among Great East Japan Earthquake survivors living in temporary housing". Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology 47, n. 2 (15 novembre 2018): 119–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/cdoe.12433.

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Saito, Kazuo, Noboru Iwata, Toshiyuki Hosokawa e Gen Ohi. "Housing Factors and Perceived Health Status among Japanese Women Living in Aggregated Dwelling Units". International Journal of Health Services 23, n. 3 (luglio 1993): 541–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/9bkv-q7q7-jbl9-9fcg.

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An epidemiologic survey was conducted of the 818 households in a community consisting of aggregated dwelling units in Tokyo, Japan, in order to assess the relationship between housing environment and psychological or physical health status of the female residents. Psychological health status was assessed by the 28-item General Health Questionnaire in Japanese translation. Main housing factors such as internal density (person-to-room ratio) and floor level (vertical location) of the dwelling unit did not have significant effects on the psychological health status of the sample of Japanese women, but the internal density generally did not exceed 1.5 persons per room. However, physical health status might be associated with floor level: women living at the highest levels complained of more symptoms than did those at lower floor levels, when the type of dwelling unit (i.e., high-rise, low or medium height building) was not taken into account. Poor psychological health status was found among women who were dissatisfied with the plan of their house or with the room arrangement, were anxious about earthquake or other accidents, perceived the house as inadequate for the children, were annoyed by indoor noise, and complained of outdoor noise.

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Yoshino, Yasuko, Ye Bei Qian, Yan Wang, Jia Ping Liu, Koichi Ikeda, Liu Yang, Tatsunobu Ichiyanagi e Kazuaki Kumada. "A Study on Actual Conditions of Residential Environment in Western Region of China Part 2. A Concept for a Bio-Village in Sunan Yugur Autonomous County". Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (agosto 2013): 585–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.585.

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We have directed at the climatic and residential environments and local residents of western China. It is founded on Japan-China joint research, built on physical measurements and questionnaire surveys that enable healthy and sustainable development, on the basis of assessment of the climate and environmental characteristics of western China. Additionally, the project aims at proposing convenient methods to protect people against the adverse health effects of climate change, looking at inhabitants. Focusing our attention on the state of housing in rural parts of Sunan Yugur autonomous county and on the characteristic abundance of natural energy resources, we set out to develop a new model for energy-efficient housing adapted to available natural energy sources. This Bio-Village concept is one of the nomad settlement plan, and in consideration the lifestyle coexisting the traditional life and livestock industry, we aim to achieve compatibility of local business development and energy conservation village.

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Migita, Reiko, Hisako Yanagi e Shigeo Tomura. "Factors affecting the mental health of residents in a communal-housing project for seniors in Japan". Archives of Gerontology and Geriatrics 41, n. 1 (luglio 2005): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.archger.2004.10.007.

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Inoue, Machiko, Shoko Matsumoto, Kazue Yamaoka e Shinsuke Muto. "Risk of Social Isolation Among Great East Japan Earthquake Survivors Living in Tsunami-Affected Ishinomaki, Japan". Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 8, n. 4 (21 luglio 2014): 333–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2014.59.

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ABSTRACTObjectiveThe Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami affected approximately 53 000 people in the city of Ishinomaki, Miyagi Prefecture. Approximately 30 000 people were relocated to temporary/rental housing. The remainder re-inhabited tsunami-affected houses, and their conditions were not known. As social isolation could affect physical and psychological health, we investigated the risk of social isolation among the survivors who returned to their homes.MethodsThe surveyors went door-to-door to the tsunami-affected houses and interviewed each household between October 2011 and March 2012. The participants’ risk of social isolation was assessed using 3 factors: whether they have (1) friends to talk with about their problems, (2) close neighbors, and (3) social/family interactions. We analyzed the groups at risk of social isolation and identified the related factors.ResultsThe elderly (older than age 65 years) were more likely to have close neighbors and social/family interactions, as compared with younger persons. Persons living alone were less likely to have social/family interactions. Non-elderly men who were living alone were the highest proportion of people without social/family interactions.ConclusionsOur findings suggested that men, particularly those younger than age 65 years and living alone, were at high risk of social isolation and may need attention. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2014;0:1-8)

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Matsuyama, Yusuke, Takeo Fujiwara, Yasuyuki Sawada, Junko Yagi, Hirobumi Mashiko e Ichiro Kawachi. "Delay discounting in children exposed to disaster". PLOS ONE 15, n. 12 (30 dicembre 2020): e0243994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243994.

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Delay discounting is an important predictor of future health and academic success in children but can change in environmental uncertainty situations. Here we show that the experience of loss of housing in the Great East Japan Earthquake 2011—but not other psychological trauma such as loss of loved ones—was correlated delay discounting of children. In 2014, we assessed delay discounting in children (N = 167; mean age = 8.3 years-old), who were preschool age at the time of the earthquake (mean age at the time of disaster = 4.8 years-old) in a time-investment exercise where children allocated five tokens between rewards "now" (one candy per token on the same day) versus "one month later" (two candies per token one month later). The number of tokens allocated for "now" was higher by 0.535 (95% confidence interval: −0.012, 1.081) in children who had their housing destroyed or flooded than those with no housing damage. Other types of traumatic experiences were not associated with delay discounting.

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Tomioka, Kimiko, Norio Kurumatani e Keigo Saeki. "Association between housing tenure and self-rated health in Japan: Findings from a nationwide cross-sectional survey". PLOS ONE 14, n. 11 (14 novembre 2019): e0224821. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0224821.

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Matsumoto, Ken’ichi, Yuki Yamamoto e Nao Ohya. "Effect of Subsidies and Tax Deductions on Promoting the Construction of Long-Life Quality Houses in Japan". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 15, n. 11 (26 ottobre 2018): 2376. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph15112376.

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Securing a quantity of houses for citizens has been the priority of housing policies in Japan. However, these policies shifted from quantity to quality in the 21st century, including the promotion of “long-life quality housing (LLQH)”, which contributes to a sustainable and healthy society for the residential sector. Since then, various policies have been introduced at the national and prefectural (local) levels to promote the construction of LLQH. Using panel data for 47 prefectures across seven years, this study aims to analyze the factors that Japanese households choose when constructing LLQH. Although various research on LLQH and similar housing exists, this study is the first attempt to empirically explore the factors that promote LLQH. We found that policy measures covering only LLQH were generally effective in promoting the construction of LLQH, and these policy measures were more effective than those covering both LLQH and other types of housing. National-level measures tended to be effective, whereas prefectural-level measures were not. Furthermore, although the effects of individual measures differed, the overall effects of policy measures were confirmed. In conclusion, providing economic incentives had a positive effect on promoting LLQH, and such measures were successful in achieving the intended purpose.

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Murakami, Aya, Yumi Sugawara, Yasutake Tomata, Kemmyo Sugiyama, Yu Kaiho, Fumiya Tanji e Ichiro Tsuji. "Association between housing type and γ-GTP increase after the Great East Japan Earthquake". Social Science & Medicine 189 (settembre 2017): 76–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2017.07.020.

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Bris e Bendito. "Impact of Japanese Post-Disaster Temporary Housing Areas’ (THAs) Design on Mental and Social Health". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, n. 23 (27 novembre 2019): 4757. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16234757.

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The phenomenon named kodokushi, meaning death alone without the care or company of anyone inside temporary housing, appeared after the Kobe earthquake in Japan in 1995 with some 250 cases. This paper analyzes the evolution of Japanese temporary houses—to attempt to prevent the problem of kodokushi—from the point of view of management, how services and activities are organized, and design. We will use case studies as our methodological tool, analyzing the responses in 1995 Kobe (50,000 THs), 2004 Chūetsu (3000 THs), 2011 Tōhoku (50,000 THs), and 2016 Kumamoto (4000 THs). This article shows how the Japanese THAs follow a single design that has undergone very little variation in the last 25 years, a design which promotes the social isolation of their residents, making recovery—from the psychological perspective—and helping the most vulnerable members of society, more difficult. In small scale disasters (Chūetsu) applying organization and management measures was able to correct the problems caused by design and there were no cases of kodokushi: in large-scale disasters (Tōhoku), however, the difficulties to implement the same measures resulted in the reappearance of new cases at rates similar to Kobe’s. Our main conclusion is that the design of Japanese THAs must be reconsidered and changed to respond to the real needs of the most vulnerable groups.

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Wang, Yan, Yasuko Yoshino, Jia Ping Liu, Koichi Ikeda, Tatsunobu Ichiyanagi, Liu Yang, Ye Bei Qian e Kazuaki Kumada. "A Study on Actual Conditions of Residential Environment in Western Region of China Part 1. A Survey on Environmental Actual Conditions of the Residence in Sunan Yugur Autonomous County". Applied Mechanics and Materials 368-370 (agosto 2013): 670–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.368-370.670.

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We declare the intensity of solar radiation, UV strength, inside temperature, humidity, illumination intensity, IAQ field measurements for traditional houses and apartment house in order to evaluate their levels in the living environment in Sunan Yugur Autonomous County of Zhangye City, Gansu Province, China. This study has been conducted together with Professor Jiaping Liu, Xi’an University of Architecture and Technology. We have directed at the climatic and residential environments and local residents of western China. It is founded on Japan-China joint research, built on physical measurements and questionnaire surveys that enable healthy and sustainable development, on the basis of assessment of the climate and environmental characteristics of western China. Additionally, the project aims at proposing convenient methods to protect people against the adverse health effects of climate change, looking at inhabitants. Focusing our attention on the state of housing in rural parts of Sunan County and on the characteristic abundance of natural energy resources, we set out to develop a new model for energy-efficient housing adapted to available natural energy sources. We are aiming to reduce household energy consumption and to promote greater environmental conservation.

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Gagné, Isaac. "Dislocation, Social Isolation, and the Politics of Recovery in Post-Disaster Japan". Transcultural Psychiatry 57, n. 5 (9 settembre 2020): 710–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1363461520920348.

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What happens when temporary shelters become permanent homes? What are the psychosocial impacts of prolonged dislocation, and how might these effects be mitigated through grassroots community activities? Based on fieldwork and interviews with residents in temporary housing and volunteer support groups in northeastern Japan conducted from 2014–2018, this article analyzes the ongoing challenges of delayed recovery, chronic dislocation, and social isolation among survivors of the March 11, 2011 disaster in Japan, with a particular focus on the residents of temporary facilities in Natori City, Miyagi Prefecture. I examine how the complexity of the disaster-recovery process within the local politics of the region has produced new tensions, creating a particular “zoned liminality” for displaced residents while undermining the social nexus of community relations. Then I reflect on certain challenges in treating the psychosocial trauma among survivors, and how their particular needs are addressed through new citizen-based volunteer movements offering holistic activities. These grassroots activities do not necessarily solve the breakdown of social bonds nor improve residents’ prospects of returning home. However, by alleviating survivors’ sense of social isolation and loneliness, this “humanistic” approach highlights the possibilities of participatory-style psychosocial support that goes beyond conventional biomedical services and top-down, state-driven policies.

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Suzuki, Norimichi, Yoshitake Nakayama, Hiroko Nakaoka, Kohki Takaguchi, Kayo Tsumura, Masamichi Hanazato, Tatsuya Hayashi e Chisato Mori. "Risk factors for the onset of sick building syndrome: A cross-sectional survey of housing and health in Japan". Building and Environment 202 (settembre 2021): 107976. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.buildenv.2021.107976.

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Ibuka, Yoko, e Yui Ohtsu. "Socioeconomic Status and Long-Term Care Provision to Parents in Japan". Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (1 dicembre 2020): 725. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.2568.

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Abstract Socioeconomic status (SES) is generating considerable interest in terms of health of individuals, but how it is associated with long-term care has not been established yet. We study the relationship between SES and long-term care provision to parents among the Japanese adults using JSTAR. We use the following six measures of SES for the analysis: income, asset, expenditure, living condition, housing condition and education. We find a greater probability of care provision to parents among those in higher SES categories for some SES measures, compared to the lowest category. However, after considering the survival probability of parents, the relationship is reversed and the probability of care provision is found to be greater among lower SES individuals. The association is more pronounced among males. The association is likely to be partly mediated by care needs of parents. These results suggest a higher burden of care disproportionately falls in low SES individuals.

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DOLING, JOHN, e RICHARD RONALD. "Meeting the income needs of older people in East Asia: using housing equity". Ageing and Society 32, n. 3 (12 maggio 2011): 471–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x11000298.

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ABSTRACTIn the welfare systems of East Asian countries, the income, care and other needs of older people have traditionally been met less by state social protection measures and more by the family, supported by what might be termed the first homeownership strategy: widening access to home ownership as a physical, emotional and financial basis of family wellbeing. Recent political, economic and demographic developments, however, have undermined this model. Examining policy responses in the three most advanced East Asian economies, Japan, Singapore and South Korea, but also with reference to Taiwan, the paper identifies common tendencies in the ways in which the ability to use home ownership has been strengthened. As a second strategy, home ownership has been used to reduce geographical constraints on family support, while, as a third strategy, governments have introduced mechanisms through which older people are able to realise some or all of the equity they have built up through the housing market. These mechanisms include, moving down market or even converting to a rental solution, as well as forms of reverse-mortgage products, some available through private financial institutions and some involving state-organised and state-operated devices.

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Sugiyama, Mika, Tsuyoshi Okamura, Fumiko Miyamae, Ayako Edahiro, Madoka Ogawa, Hiroki Inagaki, Chiaki Ura e Shuichi Awata. "Building Community Space for Supporting Residents Living With Dementia in a Housing Complex District in Tokyo, Japan". Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (1 dicembre 2020): 56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.182.

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Abstract It is estimated that by 2025 the number of people with dementia will reach around 600 thousand, approximately one out of five in the older population in Tokyo, Japan. At the same time, the number of older people living in a single, couple household is expected to increase. We built a community space for older people in the largest housing complex district in Tokyo, and with the goal of creating a dementia friendly community (DFCs). In this study, we used the community-based participatory research approach to create a model of an inclusive community space with a human-rights-based approach, which is embodied in the PANEL framework by the Alzheimer Scotland organization. The community space where everyone, regardless of with or without dementia, can freely spend their time, and seek consultation on healthcare and older care. It also serves as a Dementia Café, where people with dementia can get together and chat. Places open 3 days a week. Those users can casually seek consultation by physicians, health nurses and psychologists. From April 1, 2017 to March 30, 2018, the average number of visitors was 11.6. Number of consultation was 182 times (female 81.3%, 80s’ =31.3%; 70s’ =23.1%). Historically, service delivery for the people with dementia was hospital-based in japan, but our community space established a new method to provide consultation to people with dementia, from a professional perspective, and to cooperate with appropriate social resources and related organizations as needed.

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Koyama, Shihoko, Jun Aida, Ichiro Kawachi, Naoki Kondo, S. V. Subramanian, Kanade Ito, Gen Kobashi, Kanako Masuno, Katsunori Kondo e Ken Osaka. "Social Support Improves Mental Health among the Victims Relocated to Temporary Housing following the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami". Tohoku Journal of Experimental Medicine 234, n. 3 (2014): 241–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1620/tjem.234.241.

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Okayasu, Takahiro, Ayaka Miura e Masae Miura. "Mental Health of the Children Living in the Temporary Housing Complex in Fukushima after the Great East Japan Earthquake (2)". Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 78 (10 settembre 2014): 3PM—1–032–3PM—1–032. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.78.0_3pm-1-032.

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Orui, Masatsugu, Shuichiro Harada e Mizuho Hayashi. "Practical Report on Long-term Disaster Mental Health Services Following the Great East Japan Earthquake: Psychological and Social Background of Evacuees in Sendai City in the Mid- to Long-term Post-disaster Period". Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 11, n. 4 (22 marzo 2017): 439–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2016.157.

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AbstractObjectiveThe Great East Japan Earthquake, which occurred on March 11, 2011, caused unprecedented damage. To address evacuees’ psychosocial issues, our disaster mental health team provided psychosocial support in the form of careful listening and providing information for reconstruction.MethodsTo summarize evacuees’ psychosocial issues, we reviewed records of our daily activities and analyzed factors related to continuation or termination of support. Terminated support was defined as the resolution or improvement of psychological issues relative to the time of initial support.ResultsBased on logistic regression analysis, living in prefabricated temporary housing (odds ratio [OR]: 0.37; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.19-0.72), a high number of improved stress symptoms (0.81; 95% CI: 0.67-0.99), and higher support frequency (0.84; 95% CI: 0.78-0.90) were significantly associated with a lower likelihood of continuing support. Conversely, economic and resettlement issues (2.75; 95% CI: 1.63-4.64) and high numbers of stress symptoms (1.24; 95% CI: 1.06-1.45) were strongly and significantly associated with continuing support, particularly in the mid- to long-term phase following the earthquake (ie, after August 1, 2011). No significant association was found between support status and alcohol problems or disaster-related experiences (eg, loss of family or housing).ConclusionOur findings highlight the need to be aware of evacuees’ social issues such as resettlement in the mid- to long-term post-disaster phase. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2017;11:439–450)

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Moriyama, Iwasa, Tsubokura, Kuroda e Yasumura. "Living in the Restoration Public Housing after the Great East Japan Earthquake Correlates with Lower Subjective Well-Being of Older Adults". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, n. 15 (28 luglio 2019): 2696. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16152696.

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We aimed to (1) describe the subjective well-being (SWB) of older residents in Fukushima Prefecture seven years and seven months after the Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) and examine the effect of relocation to the restoration public housing (RPH) on SWB, social capital, and health indicators; and (2) investigate the association between social capital and SWB. Questionnaires were administered to collect data of both RPH and non-RPH residents (≥65 years). Respondents’ SWB was collected via the Japanese version of the World Health Organization Five Well-Being Index. Additionally, residents’ social capital (trust, reciprocity, and participation), physical activity level, social network, functional health, history of chronic disease, and demographic data were collected. We analyzed 101 responses (valid response rate: approximately 34%) from RPH and 158 (53%) from non-RPH residents. SWB was lower in RPH compared to non-RPH residents but not statistically significant. Older RPH residents may demonstrate lower social capital and health indicators after the GEJE. Mistrust was found to be positively associated with low SWB in RPH residents. Future studies should examine the effectiveness of support for enhancing the trust of older RPH residents regarding, for example, the involvement of scientists—including medical professionals—in risk communications in promoting SWB.

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Umishio, Wataru, Toshiharu Ikaga, Yoshihisa Fujino, Shintaro Ando, Tatsuhiko Kubo, Yukie Nakajima, Tanji Hoshi et al. "Disparities of indoor temperature in winter: A cross‐sectional analysis of the Nationwide Smart Wellness Housing Survey in Japan". Indoor Air 30, n. 6 (6 luglio 2020): 1317–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/ina.12708.

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YOTSUI, MIHOKO, CATHERINE CAMPBELL e TERUO HONMA. "Collective action by older people in natural disasters: the Great East Japan Earthquake". Ageing and Society 36, n. 5 (11 maggio 2015): 1052–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x15000136.

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ABSTRACTHow can social participation by older people support their wellbeing? We explore the elder-focused community support system developed in Minamisanriku town after the Great East Japan Earthquake of 2011. Many elderly people lost all their material possessions and were moved from their devastated home communities to temporary housing. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 17 participants including 14 community workers and three members in the Minamisanriku Council of Social Welfare (MCSW) in a programme framed by the MCSW's disaster-response model. Thematic analysis highlighted how older people's involvement in the visiting programme of their temporary community, and conducting twice-daily visits to other vulnerable elders, enabled them to provide valued social support to isolated and homebound peers. It also helped reconstruct their own social identities shattered by the dissolution of former communities, the shock of displacement and loss of possessions. This positive social participation was heavily influenced by strong bridges between their temporary community and MCSW support staff and infrastructure that promoted and supported their visits. Our study highlights how strong and empowering relationships amongst older people can be facilitated by an active government-funded support agency that is immediately responsive to the needs and deeply respectful of the world-views of vulnerable groups.

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Ju, Sueun, Sang Ock Jang e Taemyung Yoo. "Major concepts and perspective of sustainability in housing content area: comparison of Home Economics textbooks of Korea and Japan". International Journal of Consumer Studies 35, n. 5 (10 agosto 2011): 578–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2011.01028.x.

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Takahashi, Sho, Mikihito Ishiki, Naoki Kondo, Aiko Ishiki, Takeshi Toriyama, Shuko Takahashi, Hidenori Moriyama et al. "Health Effects of a Farming Program to Foster Community Social Capital of a Temporary Housing Complex of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake". Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness 9, n. 2 (16 febbraio 2015): 103–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/dmp.2015.6.

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ABSTRACTObjectiveWe launched a health promotion program called the Hamarassen (“let’s get together”) Farm, which provided farming opportunities for the victims of the Great East Japan Earthquake who resided in temporary housing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of this program on physical and mental health in terms of bone mineral density (BMD) and a sense of purpose in life.MethodsAmong 39 female participants in whom BMD was evaluated, there were 12 Hamarassen participants, 8 self-farming control subjects, and 19 non-farming control subjects. BMD was measured by calcaneal quantitative ultrasound immediately after the project launch and 5 months later. A sense of purpose in life prior to and 2 months after the project’s commencement was measured in 21 additional Hamarassen participants by use of the K-I Scale. Interviews were also conducted to qualitatively evaluate the effects of the Hamarassen program.ResultsThe mean BMD T-score improved by 0.43 in the Hamarassen group, by 0.33 in the self-farming group, and by 0.06 in the controls (p=0.02). Among the 21 Hamarassen participants in whom mental health was evaluated, the average score for a sense of purpose in life improved from 20.5 to 24.9 (p=0.001).ConclusionsThe Hamarassen Farm provided disaster victims with opportunities for social participation, interpersonal interaction, and physical exercise; such opportunities may improve physical and psychosocial well-being. (Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2015;9:103-110)

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Chishima, Kayako, Yoshiki Toyokuni, Kondo Hisayoshi, Yuichi Koido e Tatsuhiko Kubo. "Current Status of the Japanese Disaster Medical Record". Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 34, s1 (maggio 2019): s114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x19002425.

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Introduction:There was no common medical record used in disasters in Japan. At the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake, medical teams used their own medical records instead of a unified format and operational rules. As a result, confusion occurred at the clinical practice site. The Joint Committee on Medical Records proposed a standard format of disaster medical records in February 2015. The Ministry of Health, Labor, and Welfare has issued the notification of states’ use of a standardized medical record for disaster in 2017. It was confirmed that standardized disaster medical records were used by each organization in the 2018 Western Japan torrential rain disaster and the Hokkaido Iburi Eastern Earthquake, but the actual condition of those records was not clarified.Methods:We sent a questionnaire to the local governments where the medical team worked in 2018 Western Japan torrential rain disaster and the Hokkaido Iburi Eastern Earthquake. In the questionnaire, we asked about the operation and management of standardized disaster medical records at the time of the disaster and also questioned future management methods.Results:There was no use of other medical records. Standardized medical records were used in all records. All records were managed and operated by the disaster medical headquarters responsible for health care and welfare. Standardized disaster medical records were recorded on paper. Evacuees included patients who moved from shelter to shelter or to temporary housing to get better living conditions. That created difficulties transferring records since it was recorded on paper and stored in medical headquarters. Some returning patients were checked by several medical teams, resulting in the creation of several medical records of the same patient’s condition. Future improvements and management of the recording process and record-keeping are required.

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Sharifzai, Mohammad Saraj, Keisuke Kitagawa, Ahmad Javid Habib, Mohammad Kamil Halimee e Daishi Sakaguchi. "Investigation of Sustainable and Affordable Housing Policy Principles and Formulation Adoptable in Kabul City, Afghanistan". Journal of Sustainable Development 9, n. 2 (30 marzo 2016): 93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v9n2p93.

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<p>In recent architectural and environmental research, principles of sustainability and affordability with respect to economic, environmental and social policies have been widely discussed on a worldwide scale. Urban housing planning can play a very important role in achieving sustainable growth and development by integrating ‘sustainable development principles’ into urban planning strategies, policies, programs and projects. In addition, affordability is at the heart of households’ efforts to improve their housing situation. It has been widely recognized that employment, income generation and access to housing are highly interrelated internationally. Housing affordability has become one of the dominant research topics in recent years. However, few studies have been undertaken to test the compatibility between affordable housing and sustainable housing. Sustainable and affordable development of housing, a basic unit of human settlement, is also a crucial component of social development in one community. It plays an important role in achieving sustainable development. The concept of shelter differs from individual to individual depending on culture, tradition, profession and way of living. Besides being a basic necessity, it is also a source of identity that has a significant effect on the overall psychological well being of the inhabitants. Sustainable-affordable habitat can be described as a way of developing and maintaining a living environment supporting human health (both physical and psychological), satisfying shelter needs, and protecting and preserving nature for future generations. This paper introduces a conceptual framework for defining housing problems from the perspective of the support of beneficiaries, and it seeks to analyze the effectiveness of Afghan national development policies in facilitating sustainable-affordable habitat across the country. The framework shows the interdependency of different aspects of sustainability in the process of housing development. It also sets out strategies and identifies policy initiatives required to realize the goal of sustainable-affordable habitat in Kabul. The principles developed in this paper can be generally applied and adopted in Afghanistan, a country that is less developed economically.<br />A fundamental understanding of these two issues is necessary to develop successful examples of this form of accommodation. Because of three decades of socioeconomic and political instability in Afghanistan, the country does not have a national housing policy. This paper tries to create the foundation for an Afghan national housing policy. This research reveals that the majority of Kabul residents are low- or medium-income earners that cannot afford housing produced under market conditions. This paper aims to identify suitable built forms for housing that is both affordable and environmentally sustainable. A series of case studies were conducted to investigate some of the best international forms to be adopted in practices at the national scale. The research is conducted qualitatively, and the required data is acquired from a site survey of Kabul, in addition to data from new World Bank and JICA (Japan International Cooperation Agency) Master Plans. The result was the development of a framework that enables the assessment of the overall performance of various types of housing development. There is very little evidence that the present approach of housing provision linked to the vagaries of market forces has provided affordable housing, especially for government employees and low-income citizens. There is a need to incorporate social housing into a policy to assist people who cannot provide their own housing needs.</p>

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Kanda, Reiko, Satsuki Tsuji, Hidenori Yonehara e Masami Torikoshi. "Public Health Concerns on Radiation Exposure After the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant Accident". Journal of Disaster Research 10, sp (1 settembre 2015): 716–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2015.p0716.

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This study analyzes data from telephone consultations made with a research institution during approximately one year following the March 11, 2011, Fukushima, Japan, Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant accident. Data was correlated with newspaper and online media coverage. During the analysis, many calls for consultation concerned aspects of daily life such as food, clothing, and housing and to radiation exposure during the accident. As the year of study went on, the proportion of consultation on daily life changed to more technical topics, such as dose measurement, scientific knowledge, natural radiation, and Russia’s Chernobyl accident. The topic of “children” raised the greatest number of consultations over the entire period; 20–40% of callers inquiring about soil, dose measurement and internal exposure asked also about children. Media reports on the topics consulted on were few except for those on dose measurement. The proportion of consultations on children and dose measurement may have been raised due to media reports circulating at about the same time. We concluded that it is important in postaccident risk communication that information related to daily living – especially protective measures that could be taken – and to effects on children be provided efficiently and at an appropriate timing.

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IZUHARA, MISA. "Care and inheritance: Japanese and English perspectives on the ‘generational contract’". Ageing and Society 22, n. 1 (gennaio 2002): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0144686x0200853x.

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This article explores the changing nature and patterns of the ‘generational contract’, with particular reference to the exchange of nursing care and housing assets between older parents and their adult children. Inheritance practices and attitudes are used to examine the ways in which socio-economic, demographic and policy changes have recently altered the conventional arrangements in Japanese society. The previously defined ‘generational contract’ is now ambiguous, and the expectations and obligations of different family members are fragmented. This article also discusses whether such practices in Japan are unique and the ways in which they differ from the English situation. Family obligations and inheritance have been more explicitly connected in the Japanese social and legal systems, while in England there is neither legal obligation to support older parents nor any constraint on inheritance. This article elucidates the similarities and differences in the patterns of inheritance and thus the exchange models between care and inheritance in the two societies.

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Shiba, Koichiro, Takuya Kawahara, Jun Aida, Katsunori Kondo, Naoki Kondo, Peter James, Mariana Arcaya e Ichiro Kawachi. "Causal Inference in Studying the Long-Term Health Effects of Disasters: Challenges and Potential Solutions". American Journal of Epidemiology 190, n. 9 (17 marzo 2021): 1867–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/aje/kwab064.

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Abstract Two frequently encountered but underrecognized challenges for causal inference in studying the long-term health effects of disasters among survivors include 1) time-varying effects of disasters on a time-to-event outcome and 2) selection bias due to selective attrition. In this paper, we review approaches for overcoming these challenges and demonstrate application of the approaches to a real-world longitudinal data set of older adults who were directly affected by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami (n = 4,857). To illustrate the problem of time-varying effects of disasters, we examined the association between degree of damage due to the tsunami and all-cause mortality. We compared results from Cox regression analysis assuming proportional hazards with those derived using adjusted parametric survival curves allowing for time-varying hazard ratios. To illustrate the problem of selection bias, we examined the association between proximity to the coast (a proxy for housing damage from the tsunami) and depressive symptoms. We corrected for selection bias due to attrition in the 2 postdisaster follow-up surveys (conducted in 2013 and 2016) using multivariable adjustment, inverse probability of censoring weighting, and survivor average causal effect estimation. Our results demonstrate that analytical approaches which ignore time-varying effects on mortality and selection bias due to selective attrition may underestimate the long-term health effects of disasters.

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HASEGAWA, Kenichi, Hiroshi YOSHINO, U. YANAGI, Kenichi AZUMA, Haruki OSAWA e Naoki KAGI. "ASSOCIATION BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL FACTORS AND OCCUPANT HEALTH IN TEMPORARY HOUSING BUILT AFTER THE GREAT EAST JAPAN EARTHQUAKE OF 2011: QUESTIONNAIRE SURVEY IN SENDAI AREA". Journal of Environmental Engineering (Transactions of AIJ) 82, n. 741 (2017): 967–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3130/aije.82.967.

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Sakisaka, Kayako, Honami Yoshida, Kenzo Takahashi, Takashi Miyashiro, Toshiya Yamamoto, Masato Fujiga, Hidemi Kamiya et al. "Living environment, health status, and perceived lack of social support among people living in temporary housing in Rikuzentakata City, Iwate, Japan, after the Great East Japan Earthquake and tsunami: A cross-sectional study". International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction 21 (marzo 2017): 266–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2016.12.001.

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Risager, Ole. "Adjusting to the Financial Crisis: How Emerging Markets and Developed Economies Have Fared". Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies 31, n. 2 (23 maggio 2014): 79–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.22439/cjas.v31i2.4334.

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This article provides an overview of how the G3 (USA, the euro area and Japan) and Asian emerging markets (EM Asia) have fared following the outbreak of the financial crisis in 2008. The article shows that EM Asia weathered the crisis much better than the G3 for a number of reasons. First, EM Asia had little direct exposure to the failed financial institutions and it was therefore 'only' hit indirectly through a sharp decline in trade and through a rise in financial market turmoil. Second, leading EM Asian nations adopted government stimulus packages that in many cases were bolder than in the G3, which helped to cushion the sharp decline in exports. Third, as a result of the reforms following the Asian crisis, EM Asia had healthy government finances and significant foreign exchange reserves, which also helped. Because the financial crisis was triggered by the bursting of a housing bubble in the USA, the article also analyses the extent to which the same could happen in China, where house prices again are rising. Finally, the article discusses the new activist monetary policy in Japan that aims to bring an end to deflation.

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Yang, Nan, e Stefan Kühner. "Beyond the Limits of the Productivist Regime: Capturing Three Decades of East Asian Welfare Development with Fuzzy Sets". Social Policy and Society 19, n. 4 (20 gennaio 2020): 613–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s147474641900054x.

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Systematic accounts of East Asian government responses to the ‘limits of productivist regimes’ (Gough, 2004) remain surprisingly rare. This article develops three distinct types of East Asian welfare development, i.e. quantitative, type-specific, and radical, employing set-theoretic methods. It then uses these types to analyse six policy fields, including education, health care, family policy, old-age pensions, public housing, and passive labour market policy, in six East Asian societies: China, Hong Kong, Japan, Korea, Singapore and Taiwan. We find that all cases except Hong Kong and Singapore have experienced at least one radical shift in their welfare models over the past three decades (1990–2016). East Asian governments have increasingly combined quantitative expansion or retrenchment of ‘productive’ and ‘protective’ policy structures but have done so in unique ways. South Korea has followed the most ‘balanced’ approach to welfare development and stands out as the best candidate for further type-specific expansions moving forward.

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Miura, Masae, Ayaka Miura e Takahiro Okayasu. "Mental Health of the Children Living in the Temporary Housing Complex in Fukushima after the Great East Japan Earthquake (1): Daily stressors and positive events". Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 78 (10 settembre 2014): 3PM—1–030–3PM—1–030. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.78.0_3pm-1-030.

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Balde, Alseny, Jaime Figueras, Dawn A. Hawking e John R. Miller. "Physician Advice to the Elderly about Physical Activity". Journal of Aging and Physical Activity 11, n. 1 (gennaio 2003): 90–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/japa.11.1.90.

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Lack of physical activity is an increasing public-health problem. Physicians should counsel elderly patients to maintain regular physical activity in order to retain functionality and quality of life. This study examined the patterns of physician advice about physical activity in an elderly population. A homogeneous group of older adults living in public housing (N= 146) was surveyed to determine the extent to which they received such advice. Their mean age was 77.9 ± 7 years, 74% were women, 70.5% were White, and 53.4% had high school education or less. We assessed the association between physician counseling practices and the participants’ demographic characteristics, overweight status, and type of physical activity performed. The prevalence rate of physician counseling was 61.6%. Elderly men who were married and those who were overweight were most likely to receive advice. Routine physician counseling of elderly patients regardless of overweight status could contribute to improving their quality of life.

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Nagata, Satoko, Atsushi Matsunaga e Chie Teramoto. "Follow-up study of the general and mental health of people living in temporary housing at 10 and 20 months after the Great East Japan Earthquake". Japan Journal of Nursing Science 12, n. 2 (19 settembre 2014): 162–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jjns.12051.

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Tanaka, Aki, Beatriz Martinez-Lopez e Philip Kass. "Epidemiological Evaluation of Dogs Rescued in the Fukushima Prefecture Following the Great East Japan Earthquakes of 2011". Prehospital and Disaster Medicine 33, n. 5 (ottobre 2018): 478–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x18000894.

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AbstractIntroductionDogs left behind in the restricted area by the Great East Japan Earthquakes of 2011 (Fukushima Prefecture, Japan) were initially rescued at a temporary first response shelter under chaotic conditions: poor housing and husbandry was maintained by unfamiliar/untrained staff, and lack of exercise was associated with deterioration of the mental and physical health of the impounded dogs. The objectives of this study were to report characteristics, disposition, and health status of dogs rescued in the Fukushima Prefecture, and to perform a retrospective epidemiological evaluation of factors associated with disposition and disease incidence at shelters.ProblemsThe problems addressed in this study were shelter-related health issues at the first response shelter and reasons for retained adoption at the secondary shelter that caused delayed closure of the shelter.MethodsA retrospective cohort study was performed with all dogs that were rescued from the restricted area in the Fukushima Prefecture. Kaplan-Meier time-to-event analysis was performed to estimate the median days to outcomes. A chi-square test of homogeneity was used to determine whether ownership status was associated with breed. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the association between time-to-adoption with ownership status, age, sex, and breed, the association between time to onset of diarrhea with age and breed, and between duration of diarrheic symptoms with the number of antibiotics and the number of medications.ResultsFive-hundred and twenty-nine dogs were admitted to the Ihno and Miharu shelters (Fukushima Prefecture), including 179 that had detailed medical records. Seventy-six percent of dogs were mixed breed. Twenty-six percent of dogs had verified ownership, and almost 16% of dogs were reclaimed by their owners. Sixty-six percent of dogs developed diarrhea, and 17 different antibiotics were used to treat it. Using three or more different antibiotics was associated with prolonged signs of diarrhea. Dogs with verified ownership took longer for adoption than those without verified ownership. Breed and sex were not significantly associated with time to adoption. Age was associated with prolonged time to adoption.ConclusionTo improve the welfare of dogs in disasters, responsible owner education, a well-organized registered volunteer training program for care of animals at shelters, proper disease management protocols, and enrichment strategies to prevent stress and disease in shelter setting are essential.TanakaA,Martinez-LopezB,KassP.Epidemiological evaluation of dogs rescued in the Fukushima Prefecture following the Great East Japan Earthquakes of 2011.Prehosp Disaster Med.2018;33(5):478–583.

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LYNCH, JULIA. "The Age-Orientation of Social Policy Regimes in OECD Countries". Journal of Social Policy 30, n. 3 (luglio 2001): 411–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279401006365.

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This article presents a series of measures of the extent to which social policies in twenty-one OECD countries are oriented towards the support of elderly (over 65 or in formal retirement) and non-elderly (under 65 and not retired) population groups. Employing breakdowns by age in spending on social insurance, education and health, tax expenditures on welfare substituting goods, and housing policy outcomes, this article shows that countries tend to demonstrate a consistent age-orientation across a variety of policy areas and instruments. After correcting for the demographic structure of the population, Greece, Japan, Italy, Spain and the United States have the most elderly-oriented social policy regimes, while the Netherlands, Ireland, Canada and the Nordic countries have a more age-neutral repertoire of social policies. In identifying the age-orientation of social policy as a dimension of distributive politics that is not captured by other welfare state typologies, this article suggests the need to develop new accounts of the development of welfare states that include the dimension of age.

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Higuchi, Hiroyoshi. "Impacts of Climate Change on Biodiversity". Journal of Disaster Research 3, n. 2 (1 aprile 2008): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jdr.2008.p0098.

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Rising temperatures brought about by global warming are causing plants to bloom and leaf earlier, and advancing the start of animal breeding seasons. The ranges of some species of plants and animals are also being shifted northwards or to higher elevations. In cities, the heat island effect is raising temperatures still further, accelerating the flowering of plants. The degree of such phenological changes, and of the range in shifts, varies according to species and group, resulting in the distortion or mismatch of biological interactions such as predation, pollination, seed dispersion and parasitism. Rising sea levels due to the rising temperatures is destroying tidal wetlands and wiping out coral reefs and, consequently, killing off the various organisms that live there. It has been predicted that if warming continues, sudden and drastic changes will occur in the structure and functioning of ecosystems around the world, including in Japan, and that such regime shifts, which cannot easily be reversed, will be frequent. These ecological changes would affect a variety of aspects of human life such as housing, diet and health.

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Hikichi, Hiroyuki, Jun Aida, Katsunori Kondo e Ichiro Kawachi. "Persistent impact of housing loss on cognitive decline after the 2011 Great East Japan earthquake and tsunami: Evidence from a 6-year longitudinal study". Alzheimer's & Dementia 15, n. 8 (agosto 2019): 1009–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jalz.2019.04.016.

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Kim, Dongyool, Taichi Masuda, Shuichiro Higuma, Yerim Yang, Sayaka Terazawa, Mai Takase, Ryogo Ogino e Jun Goto. "A Community Space With Diverse Activities Support Older Adults’ Social Participation and Sustain Social Connection". Innovation in Aging 4, Supplement_1 (1 dicembre 2020): 433–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1400.

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Abstract Active older adults in Japan participate in multiple social activities to be socially involved. However, physical limitation and decline in enthusiasm due to ageing decrease their participation. Diverse activities should be available at one place, close to older adult’s residence, to sustain social connections. A community space was launched at Toyoshikidai housing complex (Kashwia, Japan) in February 2018. The place offers about 25 activities per month. This research aimed to elucidate the relationship between activity type and motivation for participation, and study the effect of the community space on older adults’ social connection. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted targeting the attendees of community space (February 2020). Of attendees, 68% lived within 10-minutes walking distance to the community space (N=101). The activities were classified into craft, exercise, and music. The motivation for attending craft events were information exchange and relaxation, as was health maintenance for exercise events. Participating in group performance was the motivation to attend active music event, and casual gathering and network expansion was for passive music event. The frequency of social participation outside the community space was low in the group aged over 75 years. This group attended the activities at the community space more frequently than did the younger group. Differences in the number of social connections were not found. This result implies that older adults maintained their social connection by attending activities held at the community space. The diverse programs and close location of the community space might have contributed to the motivation of participation.

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Kusama, Taro, Jun Aida, Kemmyo Sugiyama, Yusuke Matsuyama, Shihoko Koyama, Yukihiro Sato, Takafumi Yamamoto, Ayaka Igarashi, Toru Tsuboya e Ken Osaka. "Does the Type of Temporary Housing Make a Difference in Social Participation and Health for Evacuees of the Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami? A Cross-Sectional Study". Journal of Epidemiology 29, n. 10 (5 ottobre 2019): 391–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2188/jea.je20180080.

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