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1
Ruranga, Charles, e Scott Hacker. "The Determinants of Households Having Savings Accounts in Rwanda". Rwanda Journal of Social Sciences, Humanities and Business 1, n. 1 (5 agosto 2020): 6–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/rjsshb.v1i1.2.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper analyses the determinants of Rwandan households having savings accounts using Integrated Household Living Conditions Survey (IHLCS) data of 2010/11. After a background discussion and literature review an empirical analysis is presented with different variables adopted and analysed as determinants of household’s head having savings accounts. Poverty level, age, gender, residential area and level education of household head (literate or not) were considered as independent variables of the study. Findings from the estimations of logit models indicate the likelihood of a household having a savings account is positively and significantly related to each of the following: non-poor status of the household,the household residing in an urban area, the household head being male, and the household head being literate. Having the household head be literate tends to be more important for younger household heads and for non-poor households. The proportion of households having money in a savings account more than doubled over the decade between the IHLCS 2000/2001 survey and the IHLCS 2010/2011 survey. Government policies on savings and poverty reduction may explain the trend of increased cash balances in saving accounts.
Key Words: Savings, Bank Accounts, Households, Determinants,
2
Chua, Nina Ellorah A., Shaira Kasey L. Kiong, Kristine Honey M. Villa e Ronald B. Paguta. "A Tobit Analysis of the Determinants and Potentials of Savings in the Case of Payatas Households". Information Management and Business Review 8, n. 3 (31 luglio 2016): 47–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v8i3.1331.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This case study aims to identify the factors affecting household savings in the Area B of Payatas, Quezon City. Particularly, the variables included in the analysis are economic expectations, homeownership, household consumption, household debt, household disposable income, and number of dependents in the household. This paper also aims to analyze the saving potentials of households in Payatas. A total of 422 conditionally and randomly selected households were interviewed through a guided survey questionnaire. The researchers utilized Tobit regression and computed for the conditional marginal effects for both the censored and truncated sample. The results of the study were divided into three: Tobit regression results, conditional marginal effects results on all respondents, and the conditional marginal effects results on household savers. Significant variables such as economic expectations and household disposable income were found to be positively related to household savings, and household consumption was negatively related to household savings. This case study shows that Payatas B households do have saving potentials irrespective of their low income showing high request for accessibility on formal saving institutions.
3
Haider, Sajid, Munir Ahmed, Carmen de Pablos e Aasma Latif. "Household Characteristics and Saving Motives". International Journal of Applied Behavioral Economics 7, n. 1 (gennaio 2018): 35–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijabe.2018010103.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The main objective of this study was to examine the likelihood of household savings in relation to their characteristics, and analyze whether households move to upper level in hierarchy of saving motives as described in Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs Theory. This research used primary data by using a questionnaire with six categories of saving motives—daily expenses, emergency motives, major purchases, retirement, children, and investment. Multinomial logistic regression was used to test the relationship between household characteristics and saving motives. The results indicate that households with different characteristics save for different motives, and a change in household characteristics causes movement in the hierarchy of saving motives. Lower income households save for lower level needs i.e. daily expenses, while high income households save for higher needs such as investment. Savings for children was reported as the most important saving motive and existed in almost all income groups. Results have implications for policy makers and professional in behavioral finance.
4
Ahvenniemi, Hannele, e Tarja Häkkinen. "Households’ potential to decrease their environmental impacts". International Journal of Energy Sector Management 14, n. 1 (6 gennaio 2020): 193–212. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijesm-02-2019-0009.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose The purpose of this paper is to quantify the potential levels of greenhouse gas (GHG) and cost savings from a set of households’ energy saving measures, considered as “everyday choices”. Design/methodology/approach Four areas of living were selected for the study: household electricity, space heating, transport and food consumption. The study used a quantitative research approach in which the impact of selected scenarios of an average Finnish household was assessed. Findings Findings suggest that GHG savings from behavioural change regarding household electricity remain marginal in comparison to savings gained from transportation related measures. Transportation also provides the most cost-efficient ways to decrease GHGs but not in all cases. Based on the results, the authors suggest that smart technologies, such as on-line, active feedback systems could have a major role in guiding household energy use. Also, given the high GHG savings from transport, the authors highlight the importance of providing infrastructure and services for clean mobility, and in designing well-functioning and compact cities enabling shorter travels. Originality/value The aim of our study was twofold – by analysing the case household’s choices, we obtained information on environmental and economic impacts, but in addition to this, the aim was to open discussion on the role of households in tackling climate change and how to support households in making sustainable choices. Although research regarding household energy behaviour is vast, so far very few studies have focused on both economic and environmental impacts of households’ everyday actions.
5
A. Burney, Nadeem, e Ashfaque H. Khan. "Socio-economic Characteristics and Household Savings: An Analysis of the Households' Saving Behaviour in Pakistan". Pakistan Development Review 31, n. 1 (1 marzo 1992): 31–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v31i1pp.31-48.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Domestic resource mobilization is one of the key determinants of sustained economic growth. Pakistan's perfonnance with regard to domestic resource mobilization has been poor despite maintaining a respectable economic growth rate. Why is the savings rate so low in Pakistan? In this paper we analyse the household savings behaviour in Pakistan, using micro level data of the Household Income and Expenditure Survey (HIES) for the year 1984-85. Three different non-linear savings functions attributed to Keynes, Klein, and Landau are estimated separately for the urban and the rural households, using the Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) technique. It is found that the average income and saving of an urban household are considerably higher than those of overall Pakistan or a rural household. However, contrary to the general belief, it is found that the propensity to save of the rural households is much higher than that of their urban counterparts. The dependency ratio and the various categories of education are found to have a negative influence on household savings. No systematic relationship is found between savings and the employment status and occupation of the household head. It is found, however, that saving increases with age but tends to decline when the age crosses a certain limit - a finding consistent with the Life Cycle Hypothesis.
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Späth, Jochen, e Kai Daniel Schmid. "The Distribution of Household Savings in Germany". Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik 238, n. 1 (26 marzo 2018): 3–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbnst-2017-0120.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Against the ongoing assessment of the root causes of rising economic inequality in industrialized countries, analyses of the distribution of savings along the income and wealth distribution are of high interest. We analyze the concentration of household savings in Germany by estimating saving amounts, saving rates and shares in aggregate savings across income and wealth groups. Our calculations are based on the Sample Survey of Household Income and Expenditure (EVS), containing more than 40,000 households in Germany. We show that the concentration of savings is substantial: while the top income decile’s share in total savings reaches 60 percent, the lower half of the income distribution on average does not save at all. Across wealth groups the concentration of savings is somewhat less pronounced. We also look beyond the top income threshold underlying the EVS (18,000 euros of monthly net household income) and demonstrate that corrected saving rates for the top income groups are considerably higher than those derived from the EVS alone. Hence, the top income groups’ shares in aggregate savings exceed estimated shares solely based on EVS data, revealing a substantially more pronounced concentration of savings along the income distribution.
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Shin, Su Hyun, e Kyoung Tae Kim. "Perceived Income Changes, Saving Motives, and Household Savings". Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning 29, n. 2 (novembre 2018): 396–409. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/1052-3073.29.2.396.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Using the 2007–2009 Survey of Consumer Finances panel dataset, we investigate whether and how changes in perceived income and saving motives are related to demand for household savings in the United States after the Great Recession. Households that perceive their current income as lower, relative to normal years are less likely to save than those who view that their income is the same as the reference point. This result holds only for those who experienced a significant negative income shock during the Great Recession. Among five major saving motives, saving for an emergency is an important factor in explaining the likelihood of saving. This study suggests that financial planners and educators should pay close attention to the role of households’ income perception and saving motives and should account for the resulting potential psychological biases in households’ saving decisions.
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Hsueh, Li-Min. "International Real Estate Review". International Real Estate Review 3, n. 1 (30 giugno 2000): 11–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.53383/100019.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this research is to empirically test whether house price increases are an important factor in a household’s savings decisions and whether housing tenure choice and savings behavior are inter-correlated in Taiwan. Heckman's two-stage procedure for correcting sample selection bias is used in the estimation of savings function for homeowners and renters. Household survey data from 1985, 1989 and 1993 are used to compare households' saving behavior at different times. The empirical results show that in some cases the coefficients of the two different definitions of house price increases have opposite signs. These differences may be the result of different behavior motives. House price increases with respect to the price of the house itself seem to cause concern among households about future housing prices; hence, increase their savings ratio. House price increases with respect to income, however, seem to cause a wealth effect and then decreased savings ratio. Considering the complexity of households' reaction, the overall effect of house price changes on the aggregate savings ratio becomes impossible to determine.
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Slddlqui, Rehana, e Rizwana Slddlqui. "Household Saving Behaviour in Pakistan". Pakistan Development Review 32, n. 4II (1 dicembre 1993): 1281–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v32i4iipp.1281-1292.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Household saving, which is a part of national saving, is expected to contribute to economic growth significantly. Its share in the total national savings of Pakistan, during 1960-90, was about 83 percent, ( and in gross national product it varied between 6.6 percent and 10 percent, in the early 1980s.2 This is a significantly high proportion considering the meagre total national saving ratio in Pakistan. The analysis of savings is a controversial issue. First. there is no standard empirical definition of household savings. Should consumer durables be considered a part of household saving? Should human capital be considered a part of household saving? These are important questions. Answers to these questions will be useful for the analysis of consumer preferences and for public policy. The rationale for the inclusion of consumer durables as a' part of household saving is that they are like productive assets purchased in order to provide for a flow of services. Similarly, human capital is expected to raise labour productivity and its future income and consumption. The second issue is the response of each component of saving to changes in economic and demographic factors.3 For example, jewellery and assets may respond differently to changes in economic and/or social conditions. Third, since the theoretical literature defines saving as a residual there is no standard functional form of the empirical saving function. In this paper, we estimate different functional forms to analyse savings behaviour in Pakistan.
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Pruntseva, Gelena, Stepan Davymuka, Valentyna Yakubiv, Taras Vasyltsiv, Iryna Anhelko, Inna Irtyshcheva, Yuliia Maksymiv, Iryna Hryhoruk, Rostyslav Bilyk e Nazariy Popadynets. "The analysis of factors affecting the household savings as a part of food security management". International Journal of Data and Network Science 5, n. 4 (2021): 769–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.5267/j.ijdns.2021.7.004.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Ensuring household food security should be a priority goal of state policy. The level of ensuring household food security reflects the state of the country's economic development and the effectiveness of agricultural policy. Household food security is achieved by ensuring a high level of purchasing power of households, which is possible by increasing income. Savings are the “safety cushion” for households during the financial and economic crisis caused by the coronavirus pandemic. The level of household savings is important both for the households themselves and for the country's economy, since savings, on the one hand, help to avoid hunger during crises, and, on the other hand, are an important investment resource for the country's economy. That is why assessing the level of household savings and identifying factors affecting savings are important aspects of building an effective government policy in the field of food security.
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Aladangady, Aditya, David Cho, Laura Feiveson e Eugenio Pinto. "Excess Savings during the COVID-19 Pandemic". FEDS Notes, n. 2022-10-21 (ottobre 2022): None. http://dx.doi.org/10.17016/2380-7172.3223.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Over the pandemic, historic levels of government transfers boosted household income while household spending was severely curtailed by social distancing. This led the personal saving rate to soar (Figure 1), and we estimate that U.S. households accumulated about $2.3 trillion in savings in 2020 and through the summer of 2021, above and beyond what they would have saved if income and spending components had grown at recent, pre-pandemic trends.
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Маратканова, Ирина, e Irina Маratkanova. "THE MATTER OF THE ESSENCE OF THE CONCEPT «THE SAVING POTENTIAL OF HOUSEHOLDS»: SYSTEM APPROACH". Bulletin of Kemerovo State University. Series: Political, Sociological and Economic sciences 2017, n. 2 (25 giugno 2017): 45–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2500-3372-2017-2-45-51.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Subject. The subject of the current research is the saving potential of households. The matter of the essence of the saving potential of households is relatively underexplored. At the same time, it remains a topical issue from the academic as well as from the practical point of view. The matter maintains its current importance because (1) household savings are an important long-term investment resource for the uplift of the real economy sector; (2) household savings are an indicator of material well-being of households and economic growth of the regional economy in general. As a result, the investigation of theoretic aspects of the saving potential of households acquires a special actuality. Objectives. The purpose of the research work is the attempt to reveal the essence of the saving potential of households from positions of system approach. Methods. The appliance of the system approach in combination with methods of general scientific perception and special methods (comparative analysis, structuring, systematization, classification, comparison) allowed revealing the theoretic aspects of the saving potential of households. Results. The paper analyses approaches to the definition of the concept «saving potential of households» available in scientific literature. It proves the need for a system approach to the concept «saving potential of households». The article also reveals a system methodology of formation of household saving potential. It demonstrates the system properties of household saving potential and offers a structure of the system of saving potential of households. The paper features the author’s definition of household saving potential from positions of the system approach. Conclusions. The analysis of the methodological approaches to the investigation of the content of the concept «saving potential of households» makes it possible to accentuate the system approach, alongside with the resource-process and institutional approach. The system approach to saving potential of households allows one to structure the interrelated elements of the system. This interrelation must be taken into consideration while shaping the state regulation measures of the regional economy.
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DEVANEY, SHARON A., SOPHIA T. ANONG e STACY E. WHIRL. "Household Savings Motives". Journal of Consumer Affairs 41, n. 1 (6 marzo 2007): 174–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6606.2006.00073.x.
Testo completo
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Szopiński, Tomasz. "THE DETERMINANTS OF HOUSEHOLD SAVINGS IN POLAND". Acta Scientiarum Polonorum. Oeconomia 16, n. 2 (30 giugno 2017): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22630/aspe.2017.16.2.24.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The relevant literature provides an array of factors determining the propensity of households to save. There is no unanimity among researchers as to the direction of statistical relationships among some variables such as, e.g. household income, the place of residence or concerns regarding the worsening of financial circumstances, and a household’s propensity to save. The aim of this article is to verify the statistical relationships between the amount of savings of Polish households and their attributes, such as: income, biological type of the family, and the size of the place of residence. The author of the article analyses the responses provided by Polish households with regard to the size of their savings measured as a multiple of their income. The data under analysis were collected during a panel study Diagnoza społeczna 2015 (ang. Social Diagnosis 2015). Higher earnings were accompanied by higher levels of savings. It was more common for households from bigger cities to have higher earnings. Taking into consideration the biological type of the family, childless marriages and people, who lived alone, declared having the highest savings.
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Ahmad, Mehboob, e Tasneem Asghar. "Estimation of Saving Behaviour in Pakistan Using Micro Data". LAHORE JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS 9, n. 2 (1 luglio 2004): 73–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.35536/lje.2004.v9.i2.a4.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The role of savings in investment and therefore in the development of a country cannot be exaggerated. In poor countries like ours most of the savings is done by households. In this paper the saving behaviour of Pakistan households, broken down to rural-urban, is examined. Using HIES 1998/99 and utilising OLS, it has been shown that saving behaviour in Pakistan is influenced by various factors including wealth, employment status, education, age and dependency ratio. But the most import role in influencing saving behaviour is played by household income.
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Lin, Chu-Chia, Chien-Liang Chen e Sue-Jing Lin. "International Real Estate Review". International Real Estate Review 3, n. 1 (30 giugno 2000): 109–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.53383/100024.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
A common puzzling phenomenon over the household survey of Taiwan is that the renters' saving rate is higher than that of the owners', while the latter has a higher average income than the former. One reason for this feature is that certain housing owners have to pay a greater amount of mortgage payment that is not included in saving. And on the other hand, the saving decision is correlated with the tenure decision, while the tenure decision is also correlated with the household's life cycle, in addition to income. And therefore, when one tries to estimate the correct saving rate, he or she has to consider the household's life cycle as well. In this study, we apply a data set of the household survey of Taiwan to investigate the correlation of life cycle, mortgage payment, and forced savings. First of all, we estimate the saving rate in a traditional way, and then estimate the saving rate after the adjustment of mortgage payment. To figure out the correct saving rate with the tenure decision, we evaluate different households' saving behaviors according to different cohorts, and consequently, we could check how life cycle plays its role in this model. And our finding is, that for every cohort, the forced savings is significant for owners with mortgage and for renters as well.
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Mohamed Yousop, Nur Liyana, Wan Mohd Farid Wan Zakaria, Zuraidah Ahmad e Ahmad A'thif Abdul Manan. "Empirical Analysis on Household Savings in Malaysia". Journal of International Business, Economics and Entrepreneurship 5, n. 1 (30 giugno 2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24191/jibe.v5i1.14287.
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The Malaysian household saving growth has shown weakened patterns from year to year. Low-income level, overspending and black swan economic events result in nosedived household savings. To explain this issue, this study empirically examined factors affecting household savings in Malaysia. The analysis was based on time-series data gathered from World Bank Data, CEIC Data and Department of Statistic of Malaysia from 1970 until 2018. The ordinary least square (OLS) regression analysis was used to examine the significant relationship among dependent variable (household savings, proxy gross domestic savings) and independent variables which consist of interest rate, inflation rate, age dependency ratio, consumption expenditure and income. The findings from this study reveal that the interest rate and household consumption expenditure have significant negative relationships with the household savings, while age dependency ratio, inflation rate and income have insignificant relationships with the household savings.
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Shinde, Rhythima, Sidi Peng, Saloni Vijay, Stefanie Hellweg e Andreas Froemelt. "Data mining for evaluating the rebounds-associated emissions due to energy-related consumer behavioural shifts in Switzerland". Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2042, n. 1 (1 novembre 2021): 012127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2042/1/012127.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Energy-related household consumption lead to a substantial share of the total household GHG emissions (direct and indirect). The policies or technologies, which try to mitigate these emissions often end up ‘rebounding’ i.e. the savings of energy (bills) caused by these measures, induce further expenses in other (e.g. travel) or same (e.g. electricity) categories, leading to (partial) offsetting of the emissions saving. This research introduces application of a data-driven bottom up method to evaluate these rebound emissions based on the household consumption (expenses) and properties. Two scenarios of energy-savings measures are evaluated here: (1) switching to energy-efficient devices, and (2) switching to renewable energy. The results are discussed for households with varying income, region of residence and household size. The results show that higher income and bigger households have higher total rebounds for both scenarios, while Zurich has lowest compared to all other Swiss regions.
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Gröbel, Sören, e Dorothee Ihle. "Saving Behavior and Housing Wealth Evidence from German Micro Data". Jahrbücher für Nationalökonomie und Statistik 238, n. 6 (25 ottobre 2018): 501–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jbnst-2017-0118.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Housing property is the most important position in a household’s wealth portfolio. Even though there is strong evidence that house price cycles and saving patterns behave synchronously, the underlying causes remain controversial. The present paper examines if there is a wealth effect of house prices on savings using household-level panel data from the German Socio-Economic Panel for the period 1996-2012. We find that young homeowners decrease their savings in response to unanticipated house price shocks, whereas old households hardly respond to house price changes. Although effects are relatively low in magnitude, we interpret this as evidence of a housing wealth effect.
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Amusa, Kafayat. "Savings and economic growth in South Africa: A multivariate analysis". Journal of Economic and Financial Sciences 7, n. 1 (30 aprile 2014): 73–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4102/jef.v7i1.131.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Growth theories highlight the importance of domestic savings for Economic growth. The savings and growth literature points generally to a positive growth effect of domestic savings. For a country like South Africa, where the level of domestic saving is low, the question of the role of savings in economic growth becomes critical. An understanding of the contribution of the different forms of savings in an economy to its economic growth is important, especially to be able to make the proper policy addresses. This paper applies cointegration analysis within a multivariate framework to establish the effect of household, government and corporate savings on economic growth in South Africa. The result indicates that corporate saving has a significant positive relationship to growth in both the long and short run, while household and government saving have no significant impact on growth. There is need for policies that increase the level of domestic savings and also a need to address government policies that impact on both public and household savings rate.
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Musiał, Marta. "PERSONAL FINANCE MANAGEMENT IN POLAND FROM 2004-2013". CBU International Conference Proceedings 3 (19 settembre 2015): 213–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.12955/cbup.v3.603.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article describes the state of household finance management in Poland. The analysis consists of three basic elements of household finance, such as income and expenditure of Polish households, savings and investments of Polish households, and Polish households debt. The presented data represent the time period from 2004 to 2013. The data came from reports of National Central Bank in Poland and Central Statistical Office in Poland. Based on the presented data, it can be said that the situation of Polish household has improved during the analyzed period. Moreover, Polish household characterized risk aversion decision by saving their money mostly in the form of bank deposit or cash.
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Saviour Lusaya e Namoonga Mulunda. "Factors determining household savings in Zambia: A logit regression model from the micro-economic perspective". World Journal of Advanced Research and Reviews 13, n. 1 (30 gennaio 2022): 520–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.30574/wjarr.2022.13.1.0007.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Although not directly linked in time and space, the low savings in an economy will pose a huge challenge on the growth prospect of the country as both private and public savings remain catalytic to economic growth. The classical and neo-classical growth theories have placed emphasis on the critical role of savings in the economy and indeed the need for high savings cannot be overemphasised. This study sought to examine microeconomic determinants of household savings in Zambia using cross sectional data obtained from the Central Statistics Office 2015 Living Condition Monitoring Survey comprising 12251 households. The study conducted an analysis of factors using a Logistic regression model. The results of the study found that income and employment status of the households had a positive and significant influence on the probability of a household to save. On the other hand, household size, age and region (living in urban areas) negatively influenced household savings and was significant at all critical levels. The marginal effects which measures the magnitude of the impact of the independent variable on the independent variable was analyzed and it was found that for income ceteris paribus, a 1% increase in income was found to increase the probability of a household to save by 0.01percentage point while an improvement in employment of household heads increases the probability of a household to save by5.6 percentage point ceteris paribus. Furthermore, ceteris paribus, an additional year of the household head age reduces the likelihood to save by 1.4 percentage point. On the basis of household size, the study found that ceteris paribus, adding an extra person to a given household reduces the likelihood of a household to save by 1.14 percentage point. For the region variable, the study used rural region as a benchmark region to distinguish between urban and rural household propensity to save. It was found that households that were located in urban areas were 9.8% less likely to save compared to households located in rural areas. Given the findings above, it was concluded that low levels of savings in Zambia are attributed to; low household incomes, overgrowing informal sector and overpopulated households. It was recommended that the government should increase its funding towards economic empowerment to boost job creation which would enhance household income and reduce over dependency of household members.
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Santoso, Arif Dwi, e Muhammad Agus Salim. "Penghematan Listrik Rumah Tangga dalam Menunjang Kestabilan Energi Nasional dan Kelestarian Lingkungan". Jurnal Teknologi Lingkungan 20, n. 2 (31 luglio 2019): 263. http://dx.doi.org/10.29122/jtl.v20i2.3242.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
ABSTRACTThe government efforts to maintain national energy stability program through the increase energy supply and saving must be supported by all levels of society. Several energy observers and experts stated that the contribution of the domestic or household sector in the activities of energy saving program is quite significant because the percentage of household customers are relatively high. This paper analyzes the potential of providing research data on the percentage of electricity savings in the domestic or household sectors towards saving electricity nationally. The results of the study show that electrical devices commonly used in households still have the potential to be saved. Electrical devices that are often used at households and have great saving potentials are air conditioners and refrigerators. If each household customer saves 30% of electricity consumption, then the national electricity supply that can be saved will be around 5,679 GW, equivalent to 83.3 trillion rupiah. The saving program resulted in savings of electricity consumption of around 6% of all household consumers or around 2.9% of total national electricity consumption.Keywords: electrical energy, savings, households ABSTRAKUpaya pemerintah dalam menjaga kestabilan energi nasional melalui program peningkatan pasokan dan penghematan energi harus didukung oleh seluruh lapisan masyarakat. Para pengamat dan pakar energi menyatakan bahwa kontribusi sektor domestik atau rumah tangga dalam program penghematan konsumsi energi listrik cukup signifikan karena persentase jumlah pelanggan rumah tangga yang relatif tinggi. Penelitian ini menganalisis tentang potensi persentase penghematan energi listrik sektor domestik atau rumah tangga terhadap penghematan listrik secara nasional. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa piranti listrik yang biasa digunakan pada rumah tangga masih memiliki potensi untuk dilakukan penghematan. Piranti listrik yang sering digunakan pada rumah tangga dan memiliki potensi penghematan yang besar adalah alat pendingin ruangan (AC) dan kulkas. Bila setiap pelanggan rumah tangga melakukan penghematan konsumsi energi listriknya sebesar 30%, maka pasokan listrik nasional yang dapat dihemat adalah sekitar 5.679 GW atau setara dengan 83,3 Trilyun rupiah. Upaya ini menghasilkan penghematan konsumsi listrik sekitar 6% dari seluruh konsumen rumah tangga atau sekitar 2,9 % dari total konsumsi energi listrik nasional.Kata kunci: energi listrik, penghematan, rumah tangga
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Lozychenko, Oleksandr. "THE ESSENCE OF SAVINGS OF HOUSEHOLDS AND THEIR TYPES". Scientific bulletin of Polissia, n. 2(23) (2021): 30–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.25140/2410-9576-2021-2(23)-30-39.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Households play one of the most important roles in the development of any country’s economy. These entities can generate savings and transfer them to financial institutions, having a strong impact on the development of both the financial system and the national economy as a whole. The importance of household savings for the creation of favorable investment conditions for, above all, business entities, leads to increased interest of scientists in conducting research in this area.Within the article, the essence of the category “household savings” is analyzed, and some types of such savings are considered. The detailed analysis of scientific concepts to consider the outlined category allowed to identify two approaches used by scientists in detailing its content: macroeconomic – household savings are considered from the standpoint of the national economy development; microeconomic – household savings are considered as a financial resource of the household as an economic entity, the mechanisms of their formation and further use are substantiated first. The author’s approach to the interpretation of the category “household savings” is also substantiated, namely – a set of temporarily free financial resources of households, which were formed because of the excess income over expenditures to obtain additional income or further use in the future. Within the article, the essence of organized and non-organized savings of households are considered, their specific features are identified. It is substantiated that organized savings are important for intensifying investment processes in the country. However, their formation is complicated by several different external and internal obstacles.Household savings as an integral part of the financial system and the national economy in general, according to the study, play an important role in economic development. Their formation, involvement, and use are quite complex processes that are difficult to formalize. However, these processes can be regulated to ensure the transformation of household savings into investment resources. This requires the use of the full range of methods, tools, and levers of government regulation in this sphere.
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Latsos, Sophia, e Gunther Schnabl. "Determinants of Japanese Household Saving Behavior in the Low-Interest Rate Environment". Economists’ Voice 18, n. 1 (3 novembre 2021): 81–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ev-2021-0005.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This paper scrutinizes the role of prolonged, expansionary monetary policy on the saving behavior of Japanese households, focusing on the dramatic change of the household savings rate since 1998, from high to low saving. The literature generally attributes this change to the country’s shift from high-growth to low-growth and its demographic change. This paper empirically examines changes in the incentives for saving and the ability to save connected to monetary policy. It finds that monetary policy had a significant impact on Japan’s household saving behavior via the interest rate channel but not the labor income channel. There is also evidence that rising government deficits come along with declining household saving and that rising wealth boosts saving.
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Wierzbicka, Ewa. "DETERMINANTS OF INCREASING HOUSEHOLD SAVINGS IN POLAND". Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły Humanitas Zarządzanie 19, n. 4 (31 dicembre 2018): 61–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.1642.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Research carried out, among others ordered by the Polish Bank Association, indicate untapped potential savings for Polish society. The aim of the article is to present the reasons for a low propensity to save households, as well as to identify factors and motives that decide about saving, and to suggest directions for actions to increase the propensity to save, especially long-term. The author limits her considerations to voluntary savings of households, not responding to the compulsory saving for pension purposes resulting from the social insurance system. Accumulation of savings is of great importance not only at the micro level but also for the entire economy, because it is internal, domestic source of financial capital. Long-term savings, which stabilize the financial system and may have an impact on reducing the costs of servicing public debt and changing its structure, limiting the participation of foreign investors, are particularly important. The greater the propensity to save, the more national resources may beminvested in the polish economy. Moreover, the shortage of domestic savings is not only a serious challenge for bank risk management due to the need to top up the missing domestic capital with foreign funds. The deficiency of domestic savings in relation to the needs of the economy and the state also increases the systemic risk of the national economy and country.
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Zwane, Talent, Lorraine Greyling e Mokadi Maleka. "The Determinants Of Household Savings In South Africa: A Panel Data Approach". International Business & Economics Research Journal (IBER) 15, n. 4 (30 giugno 2016): 209–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.19030/iber.v15i4.9758.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study employs panel data estimation models to investigate the determinants of household savings in South Africa over the period 2008 – 2012. The novelty of some panel data models is their power to overcome the problems of endogeneity bias, in addition to controlling for unobserved heterogeneity across households. The study used the three waves of the new unique and rich first national representative longitudinal survey, the National Income Dynamics Study (NIDS), which tracks changes in individuals’ livelihoods over time. The distinctiveness of NIDS data is that it is available in a panel format and can be used to investigate the structure and impact of different aspects of socio-economic factors on household savings. The results of this study reveal that household savings in South Africa are strongly driven by income, age structure, education achievement and employment status. Yet the causal nexus between savings and the household size was found to be negative, a sign that larger families compromise households savings prospects.
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Lowsky, David J., Donald K. K. Lee e Stefanos A. Zenios. "Health Savings Accounts: Consumer Contribution Strategies and Policy Implications". MDM Policy & Practice 3, n. 2 (luglio 2018): 238146831880937. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2381468318809373.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background. Health savings accounts (HSAs) are tax-advantaged savings accounts available only to households with high-deductible health insurance. This article provides initial answers to two questions: 1) How should a household budget for its annual HSA contributions? 2) Do current contribution limits provide households with the flexibility to use HSAs efficiently? To answer these questions, we formulate the household’s problem as one of determining a contribution strategy for minimizing total expected discounted medical costs. Methods. We use the 2002–2014 Medical Expenditure Panel Survey to develop a novel data-driven model for forecasting a household’s health care costs based on its current cost percentile and other characteristics. A dynamic policy, in which the contribution each year brings the HSA balance up to a household-specific threshold, is derived. This is compared to a simpler static policy in which the target HSA balance is simply the plan’s out-of-pocket maximum, with contributions in any year capped by a limit. Results. We find that: 1) the dynamic policy can save a household up to 19% in costs compared to the static one that is a proxy for typical contribution behavior; and 2) the recommended contribution amounts for 9% to 11% of households in a given year materially exceed what is currently allowed by the federal government. Conclusions. The dynamic policy derived from our data-analytic framework is able to unlock significant tax savings for health care consumers. To allow all households to use HSAs in a tax-efficient manner, a two-tiered contribution policy is needed: Allow unlimited contributions up to some balance, and then impose restrictions thereafter. The resulting impact on overall tax receipts is estimated to be well below what is currently allowed by legislation.
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Mastrogiacomo, Mauro, e Rob Alessie. "The precautionary savings motive and household savings". Oxford Economic Papers 66, n. 1 (4 settembre 2013): 164–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oep/gpt028.
Testo completo
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Claudelin, Anna, Sini Järvelä, Ville Uusitalo, Maija Leino e Lassi Linnanen. "The Economic Potential to Support Sustainability through Household Consumption Choices". Sustainability 10, n. 11 (31 ottobre 2018): 3961. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10113961.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The amount of money that could potentially be saved by households by reducing unnecessary consumption and directed to sustainable investments without compromising the social needs in Finnish households was studied. The study was conducted by using statistical data and by creating short- and long-term scenarios to assess potential savings resulting from changes in household behaviour. According to the results, a Finnish household could save and subsequently allocate an average of €3400–€15,000 annually to invest in sustainability. The greatest potential for preventing unnecessary consumption is related to (1) food and drinks, and (2) transportation. In the long-term scenario, reducing expenditures in the category of housing also provides opportunities for high savings. A significant share of the saving created by sustainable patterns of consumption can be directed for example to investments in renewable energy.
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Mbiekop, Flaubert. "On Governance and the Demographic Transition". Journal of Economics and Behavioral Studies 4, n. 6 (15 giugno 2012): 319–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.22610/jebs.v4i6.332.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
It is now conventional wisdom that institutions shape household fertility choices, especially in developing countries. However, deeper insights into the mechanisms at play are still needed. This paper develops a game-theoretical framework with a simple overlapping-generations model to show how a typical household may come to prefer bearing and raising numerous children as a savings scheme for retirement and not rely on conventional outlets for saving when facing weak institutions. On the one hand weak institutions increase the risk that individuals may lose their savings if relying on conventional outlets. On the other hand, childbearing as an investment/savings scheme carries with it the risk that disguised or complete unemployment may prevent grown children from providing the expected old-age financial support. The typical household thus trades off between both types of risks, yet with more control in the latter case, as the likelihood of unemployment can be reduced by carefully selecting a child quality-quantity strategy. Mild conditions are sufficient to show that sound institutions induce less fertility and foster private saving and oldage consumption. A simple voting experiment unveils a tricky socio- economic dynamics whereby wealthier households may have stakes supporting weak institutions.
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Cristadoro, Riccardo, e Daniela Marconi. "Household savings in China". Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies 10, n. 3 (agosto 2012): 275–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14765284.2012.699702.
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Nikolaychuk, Olga A., e Rustem M. Nureev. "Household savings and investment". Terra Economicus 18, n. 1 (25 marzo 2020): 81–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.18522/2073-6606-2020-18-1-81-101.
Testo completo
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Asare, Eric, Eduardo Segarra, Nakakeeto Gertrude e Fafanyo Asiseh. "Explaining the Saving Behavior of Households’ in Ethiopia, Africa". Applied Economics and Finance 5, n. 2 (22 febbraio 2018): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.11114/aef.v5i2.2923.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Savings have been shown to have a positive impact on economic growth at the macroeconomic level. But, the micro-level analysis of households’ savings behavior is limited, especially in Sub-Saharan African economies. This study contributes to the understanding of the savings behavior of households in Africa, by modeling the savings behavior of households’ in Ethiopia with the two-part model. The results of the study reveal that number of extension contacts and access to market information have significant positive effects on the likelihood that a household would save. Moreover, land holdings (bad production season last year) have significant positive (adverse) impact on the expected amount of money a household would save. Based on the results of this study, policies are recommended to increase savings in Ethiopia.
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Thaariq, Rahmanda Muhammad, Arif Anindita e Hafizha Dea Iftina. "THE INTERNET MIRACLE: THE IMPACT OF INTERNET ACCESS ON HOUSEHOLD SAVING IN INDONESIA". Buletin Ekonomi Moneter dan Perbankan 24, n. 2 (30 giugno 2021): 255–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.21098/bemp.v24i2.1650.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study analyzes the impact of access to the internet and household saving behavior, in the context of the amount of savings and the saving preferences, in Indonesia. Using the fifth wave of the Indonesia Family Life Survey data, this study finds that there is a positive effect between internet access and household savings. This access includes private internet access and public internet access. Nonetheless, the effect of private internet access differs from public internet access. Private internet access positively impacts both the amount of savings and the saving preferences, whilst public internet access only increases the amount saved, not the saving preferences.
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Cook, Finnie B., John Oryema e Cynthia Stephens. "Consumer Expenditures and Savings in High Income Households". Journal of Forensic Economics 27, n. 2 (1 dicembre 2018): 107–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.5085/jfe-427.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract A review of the existing academic literature as well as available government publications reveals a lack of information regarding expenditure behavior of high income households. In this paper, we combine multiple years of Consumer Expenditure Survey Public Use Microdata provided by the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) and compute average expenditures and standard errors. We apply the same methodology used by the BLS to estimate the average expenditures by household income and household size for households with income of $70,000 and higher. The resultant tables provide details on consumption and saving patterns for higher income groups that are unavailable in the tables published by the BLS. Our tables can be utilized by forensic economists in practice for the determination of consumption and savings values in wrongful death matters in high income households.
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Kochaniak, Katarzyna. "Low Interest Rates do they Revise Household Saving Motives in the Euro Area?" e-Finanse 12, n. 1 (1 marzo 2016): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/fiqf-2016-0135.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThis paper presents the impact of decreasing MFI interest rates on household deposits and saving goals in 12 Monetary Union member countries in the years 2009-2015. It analyses tendencies in household deposits (overnight, with agreed maturity and redeemable at notice), and attempts to link them with certain household saving motives (target, retirement and precautionary). The paper identifies those deposit categories which appeared as sensitive to declining interest rates and indicates the Eurozone countries whose populations are expected to revise their savings plans. Precise implications are drawn for target saving motives of households in Austria, Cyprus and Malta. However, in the case of two other motives, the analysis does not conclude on the impact of decreasing MFI interest rates.
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Faisal, Buyinza, Teera Joweria e Bateganya Fred Henry. "Consequences of HIV Infection on Household Assets and Human Capital Investment in Uganda: Micro Evidence". International Journal of Economics and Finance 9, n. 12 (19 novembre 2017): 202. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v9n12p202.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper studies the effect of the HIV and AIDS epidemic on economic decision making using the Uganda National Household Survey (2010). The findings indicate that household’s HIV and AIDS status, education and social-economic factors are important in explaining low household’s asset accumulation and school enrolments of children in Uganda especially at primary school level. Household savings and assets accumulation findings show that household’s HIV and AIDS status and their education levels, marital status and the employment status are consistently associated with lower savings. Major implications of these results is that raising women’s education improves their economic opportunities and the behavioral responses in sexual interaction will lead to decline in HIV infection by reducing the willingness to engage in unprotected sex. In fact, we find that educational performance declines in those HIV infected households in which the father is living with HIV. The paper recognizes the policy challenges surrounding the HIV and AIDS -education linkage and considers some of the strategies that have been implemented to improve the schooling outcomes of children from households of people living with HIV (PLHIV). We find a weak positive effect of HIV infection on savings and a significant positive effect on school enrolment and educational expenses for children. High-perceived infection risk has a positive albeit imprecise influence on school enrollment and educational expenses, but no effect on savings.
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Fredriksson, Cajsa, e Klaas Staal. "Determinants of Household Savings: A Cross-Country Analysis". International Advances in Economic Research 27, n. 4 (novembre 2021): 257–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11294-022-09842-x.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractThis paper analyses determinants of household savings in a model based on an extension of the disequilibrium savings theory. These extensions follow from the life-cycle and permanent-income theories. Based on panel data for 14 countries spanning the period 2000–2018, fixed-effect least squares and two-stage least squares estimation procedures were used. In line with previous studies, there is strong and robust evidence for the hypotheses of disequilibrium savings theory, specifically, positive effects of unanticipated income changes, unanticipated inflation and the lagged savings rate. There is also robust evidence for the income uncertainty hypothesis that uncertainty has a positive effect on savings. The analysis presents some evidence that social security suppresses savings, but finds no significant effects on the interest rate or old-age dependency ratio. Unexpectedly, the participation rate of the elderly has a significant positive effect in some specifications. These findings contribute to the debate on whether and how governments can influence saving behavior.
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Namawejje, Hellen, John SSebyala, Robert Wadada, Christian Uwamungu, Titus Omuuti e Amon Tusingwire. "DIGITAL TECHNOLOGY USE, MODE OF SAVING, DISPOSABLE INCOME AND SAVING AMONG HOUSEHOLD HEADS IN RURAL AREAS OF UGANDA". International Journal of Social Science and Economic Research 07, n. 12 (2022): 3990–4007. http://dx.doi.org/10.46609/ijsser.2022.v07i12.010.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Savings can be one of the channels to fight poverty among people living in rural areas. Saving is an important macroeconomic variable that can promote economic development through improving the country’s gross domestic product. This study investigated how digital technology use, mode of savings, disposable income influences the saving of the household head in rural areas of Uganda. Methodology: FinScope 2018 secondary dataset was used. A sample of 578 household heads living in rural areas and available during the interview were selected for this study. A binary logistic regression model was adopted. Results: Results show that household heads with some primary (not P.7) were 1.872 (OR=1.872, p=0.029, CI=(1.064-3.295)), some secondary completed (not P.6) were 2.391 (OR=2.391, p=0.017, CI=(1.166-4.902)), and completed P.7 were 2.365 (OR=2.365, p=0.019, CI=(1.150- 4.863)) times more likely to save compared to those who had never gone to school respectively. Again, household heads who had disposable income were 2.486 times more likely to save compared to those who never had (OR=2.486, p=0.000, CI= (1.694-3.649)). With the mode of savings, household heads who were saving with village savings and loan associations (VSLA) were 5.897 times more likely to save compared to those who used banks. Also, household heads who had access to mobile phones were 1.696 times more likely to save compared to those who had access to computers (OR=1.696, p=0.066, CI= (0.966-2.977)). Conclusions and recommendations. Education level, disposable income, VSLA, and access to mobile phone support household head savings in rural areas. Financial and digital education should be encouraged to improve the saving culture among people in rural areas
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Turner, A., S. White, K. Beatty e A. Gregory. "Results of the largest residential demand management program in Australia". Water Supply 5, n. 3-4 (1 novembre 2005): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2005.0106.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper provides details and the results of an evaluation study carried out on the largest residential demand management program in Australia, the Sydney Water Corporation (SWC) ‘Every Drop Counts’ (EDC) residential retrofit program. The evaluation measured the water savings of program participants and compared them to a control group. Savings of 20.9 ± 2.5 kilolitres per household per annum (kL/hh/a) were found from statistical analysis of water meter readings of the sample of single residential households analysed. These individual savings effectively provide SWC with a potential total saving of 3,344 ± 400 megalitres per annum (ML/a) for the single residential houses retrofitted alone, i.e. 80% of the 200,000 households retrofitted to date. The evaluation identified that no ‘decay’ in average savings were found over the maximum four year period assessed. Other factors evaluated during the study included: analysis of individual water efficiency measures; comparison of savings with other evaluations; and savings related to occupancy ratio, geographical grouping, income category and defined socioeconomic categories.
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Asano, Yuki M., Jakob J. Kolb, Jobst Heitzig e J. Doyne Farmer. "Emergent inequality and business cycles in a simple behavioral macroeconomic model". Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, n. 27 (2 luglio 2021): e2025721118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2025721118.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Standard macroeconomic models assume that households are rational in the sense that they are perfect utility maximizers and explain economic dynamics in terms of shocks that drive the economy away from the steady state. Here we build on a standard macroeconomic model in which a single rational representative household makes a savings decision of how much to consume or invest. In our model, households are myopic boundedly rational heterogeneous agents embedded in a social network. From time to time each household updates its savings rate by copying the savings rate of its neighbor with the highest consumption. If the updating time is short, the economy is stuck in a poverty trap, but for longer updating times economic output approaches its optimal value, and we observe a critical transition to an economy with irregular endogenous oscillations in economic output, resembling a business cycle. In this regime households divide into two groups: poor households with low savings rates and rich households with high savings rates. Thus, inequality and economic dynamics both occur spontaneously as a consequence of imperfect household decision-making. Adding a few “rational” agents with a fixed savings rate equal to the long-term optimum allows us to match business cycle timescales. Our work here supports an alternative program of research that substitutes utility maximization for behaviorally grounded decision-making.
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Ahmad, Nor Hayati, Asish Saha, Hock Eam Lim, Muhammad Muhaizam Musa e Goh Yeok Siew. "DRIVERS OF FUTURE SAVINGS OF MALAYSIAN HOUSEHOLDS". JOURNAL OF ECONOMICS AND SUSTAINABILITY 3, No.1 (31 gennaio 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.32890/jes2021.3.1.1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The households’ savings in Malaysia have shown a deteriorating trend that negatively impacts their financial security. The Financial Inclusion and Capability Study of BNM (2016) indicates that merely 6 percent of Malaysians could survive for more than six months and 18 percent up to three months if they lose their main source of income. Thus, it is imperative to examine the drivers of future savings of Malaysian households. A sample of 1,106 bank customers in three cities of peninsular Malaysia was recruited, and the descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, and Seemingly Unrelated Regressions (SUR) were employed. The results reveal that about 25 percent of households are not likely to make any changes in their savings profile in various financial and physical assets. The drivers of future saving are found to be socio-demographic parameters, such as age, education level, the number of working members in the household, and income, and other parameters, such as the percentage of income saved, and the period of the saving plan, which have a significant relationship with the change in future savings of the households. The policy implications of the findings are also presented.
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Hua, Thanh Xuan, Roselinde Kessels e Guido Erreygers. "The Impact of Remittances on Saving Behaviour and Expenditure Patterns in Vietnam". Economies 10, n. 9 (14 settembre 2022): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/economies10090223.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
We examine the effects of receiving remittances on household saving behaviour and expenditure patterns in Vietnam. We consider the amount of saving, the saving rate, and the share of expenditure, as well as per capita expenditure on education, health, assets, house repairs, food, non-food, and utilities. We apply propensity score matching to data from the Vietnam Household Living Standard Survey (VHLSS) of 2012. We find that remittances have a positive impact on household savings and increase both the amount of saving and the saving rate. As far as expenditure patterns are concerned, our results indicate that receiving households spend more on health, assets, and house repairs, and less on food. This finding suggests that households tend to use remittances productively, with receiving households increasing their investments in human and physical capital. For the economy as a whole, remittances can create more opportunities for the development of services provided by banks, financial institutions, hospitals and healthcare centres, and give incentives to the production of building materials and tangible assets.
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Atamja, Louis, e Sungjoon Yoo. "Credit Constraint and Rural Household Welfare in the Mezam Division of the North-West Region of Cameroon". Sustainability 13, n. 11 (25 maggio 2021): 5964. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13115964.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of the rural household’s head and household characteristics on credit accessibility. This study also seeks to investigate how credit constraint affects rural household welfare in the Mezam division of the North-West region of Cameroon. Using data from a household survey questionnaire, we found that 36.88% of the households were credit-constrained, while 63.13% were unconstrained. A probit regression model was used to examine the determinants of households’ credit access, while an endogenous switching regression model was used to analyze the impact of credit constraint on household welfare. The results from the probit regression model indicate the importance of the farmer’s or trader’s organization membership, occupation, and savings to the household’s likelihood of being credit-constrained. On the other hand, a prediction from the endogenous switching regression model confirms that households with access to credit have a better standard of welfare than a constrained household. From the results, it is necessary for the government to subsidize microfinance institutions, so that they can take on the risk of offering credit to rural households.
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Amankwah, Desmond. "Analysis of Household Energy Efficiency in developing countries using the Long Energy Alternative Planning System (Case Study: Ghana)". Journal of Energy and Natural Resource Management 3, n. 2 (24 febbraio 2018): 56–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.26796/jenrm.v3i2.59.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Ghana continues to face periodic energy crisis particularly in the power sector. The dominant household energy fuels in Ghanaare mainly biomass, oil products and hydropower. Efficient and wise use of available resources would consequently reduce theeffects and scarcity of these energy resources and make energy more accessible to many households in future. The objective ofthis paper is to use the LEAP model to develop three scenaria to depict a business as usual, assumed lower (10%) and higher(30%) energy savings on household energy intensities by 2030. Key factors relevant in the analysis included current and futurehousehold size, economic growth and saturation of household energy appliances. The results of this research shows a 30%reduction in total household energy consumption thus, higher energy saving scenario which would save about 1,552 ktoe andreduce GHG emission by 1,077.2 ktCO2 equivalent as compared to the baseline scenario by 2030. This scenario would reducehealth risk associated with biomass use and save households income on fuel. Effective implementation of policies and lawsbanning inefficient household electrical devices such as refrigerators, air-conditioners and lighting bulbs is necessary. In addition,awareness on energy savings on improved cooking stoves and automatic lighting control systems in buildings is beneficial inachieving this target. Meanwhile programs and policies in Ghana should aim at barriers in renewable energy technologies toensure its significance in the household energy mix.
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Lean-Ee Lee, Yvonne, Vanisa Sukhavudh Charun e Hazmi Hamizan Mohd Zaki. "Factors Affecting Accumulation of Household Debts in Malaysia". International Journal of Management, Finance and Accounting 2, n. 1 (25 febbraio 2021): 19–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.33093/ijomfa.2021.2.1.2.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Since 2000, the ratio of debt to income among Malaysian households has been showing an upward trend. This paper examines the factors affecting accumulation of household loansinto two main categories, housing loans and consumption loans. The purpose of this separation is to study the impact of savings on housing loans and consumption loans individually, which has not been researched in a Malaysian context prior to this. By adopting the Vector Error Correction Model (VECM), we found that cost of living, house prices and savings impacts accumulation of housing loans and consumption loans differently. There is a positive relationship between savings to housing loans. Cost of living on the other hand has a negative relationship with accumulation of consumption loans. House prices is negatively related to consumption loans. This study fills in the literature gap on the impact of household’s savings on accumulation of both housing and consumption loans. Among the policy implications proposed by this paper is to rectify and influencethe root causes of inflation.
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Khan, Ashfaque H., e Zafar Mueen Nasir. "Stylised Facts of Household Savings: Findings from the IDES 1993-94". Pakistan Development Review 37, n. 4II (1 dicembre 1998): 749–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v37i4iipp.749-763.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Saving, the fraction of national income that is not spent on current consumption, has long been widely regarded as a key factor in economic growth.1 The saving rate along with the incremental capital-output ratio determine the growth rate of the economy in the Harrod-Domar Model framework. The critical role of saving in capital accumulation and economic development is also recognised in the "two-gap" and classical growth models. For capital accumulation to result in sustained growth, it must be supported by adequate domestic/national savings. This has been clearly demonstrated by the extra-ordinary performance of the East Asian economies. While there have been brief periods of significant inflow of external financial resources to some developing countries in the past, foreign savings cannot be expected to provide a sustainable basis for financing domestic investment. Raising' national saving rate is particularly essential to developing countries with a heavy debt service burden and limited capacity to obtain loans in foreign capital markets. The 1995 Mexican crisis showed, among other things, that low domestic savings can raise the probability of sudden capital outflows, and sharpen their negative consequences. In a financially integrated world, high national/domestic savings contribute to macro economic stability which is itself a powerful growth factor. Indeed, any macro economic adjustment programmes oriented to the resumption of long-run growth invariably emphasise the need to expand domestic savings.
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Suri, Ashish, e Bhupendra Singh Hada. "Analysis of Trends in Gross Domestic and Household Savings and its Components in India". Studies in Business and Economics 13, n. 1 (1 aprile 2018): 181–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sbe-2018-0014.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractIndia is having a long-term oriented culture where people are more focused on their future rather than present. Due to this the savings rate in India has always remain at a significant level. India’s savings performance has been quite impressive in a cross-country context. India’s gross domestic savings rate in the recent period is comparable to Indonesia, Thailand and Korea, much lower than that of China, Malaysia and Singapore but much higher than that of many other emerging and advanced economies. India ranked 2nd in terms of gross domestic savings among top 10 economies of the world in the year 2015, just below that of China. The gross domestic savings which stood at around 23 per cent in 1990 has reached around 35 per cent in 2015, well above the world average of 23.5 per cent. Various factors which resulted in an increase in gross domestic savings rate are rapid economic growth, large scale migration of rural population to urban area, Rise in income of government employees after 6th pay commission, persistence of saving habits among households, awareness programs by government and financial institutions etc. Household savings has always remained a major component of gross domestic savings followed by private corporate savings and public sector savings. It was the result of high savings rate that the Indian economy stand strong during the global recession of 2008. During the tenth five year plan i.e. from 2002-2007 the increasing in gross domestic savings was maximum among all. Bank deposits have always remain the most preferred avenue for savings for households. Total deposits in Indian banks crossed Rs100 billion mark in 2017.
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Anghel, Dan-Gabriel, e Adina-Ionela Străchinaru. "Post-Crisis Household Savings Behavior in Romania". Proceedings of the International Conference on Applied Statistics 1, n. 1 (1 ottobre 2019): 17–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/icas-2019-0003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The recent linear growth trend recorded by net savings in Romania is very intriguing. We thus study household savings behavior using Vector Autoregression and Vector Error Correction models on a sample of post-2007 monthly data. Contrary to common economic theory, we find that real interest rates do not influence the loan and savings behavior of Romanian households in our sample, despite their significant volatility and, even, negative recorded values. The results indicate a change in attitude and in risk perception of Romanian households in the aftermath of the financial crisis in 2008, in the way that has significantly decreased their preference for present consumption in favor of savings. Despite the significant increase in net savings, we also find that they have not significantly contributed to economic growth.