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Sachet, Marlene Alves de Campos, e Patrícia Bilotta. "Sustainability analysis of new household connections to the municipal sewage collection network in Paraná". Ambiente e Agua - An Interdisciplinary Journal of Applied Science 15, n. 1 (7 febbraio 2020): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4136/ambi-agua.2419.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The implementation of sewage collection systems alone does not guarantee public health, since households must be correctly connected to the network in order to derive any benefit from these public works. In order to ensure an environmental and social return on investments in sanitation, a) population must be instructed concerning the role of each citizen, and b) companies responsible for the provision of water and sewage services must be managed in a coordinated and participative manner. This study sought to understand why many households do not respond promptly to the “Connect to the Network” program in the state of Parana and how much the further efforts cost to the sanitation company to regularize this problem. The methodology consisted of analyzing the program’s socio-environmental intervention strategies, interviews and service reports for 17 projects (13,286 household connections). The results: no projects achieved 100% of household connections; total connections were less than 80% in 40% of the projects; the additional cost of re-implementing social and environmental initiatives was R$ 680,000.00. We recommend that user representatives be allowed to participate in the network-deployment process, that social awareness and mobilization strategies be expanded and diversified, and that free home connections be completed for low-income families. This study may aid development agencies to arrive at a standardized methodology for the objective evaluation of socio-environmental initiatives that are to be carried out within the community; it may also aid in the fulfillment of Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), particularly Goal 6 (sanitation services for the entire population).
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Fenyvesi, Éva, e Tibor Pintér. "Characteristics of the hidden economy in Hungary before and after the regime change". Journal of corporate governance, insurance and risk management 7, n. 2 (1 dicembre 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.51410/jcgirm.7.2.1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Lately, economists and policymakers have been paying even closer attention to the hidden economy. Indeed, it makes a difference to the economy how much money goes into the state coffers. To uncover the hidden economy, however, it is necessary to be familiar with its nature and manifestations. In this paper, with the aid of previous research and literature, we attempt to illustrate the characteristics of the hidden economy in Hungary before and after the regime change and to map out the steps that have been taken to uncover it. This publication was preceded by a systematic literature review on the definition, causes, and effects of the hidden economy, consisting of the collection of both data and literature related to the domestic hidden economy. The following summarizes the results from the synthesis of literature: The Hungarian hidden economy existed even before the regime change and took a variety of different forms. These include tips, bribes, informal payments, unauthorized work and patchwork, moonlighting, unauthorized rental of real estate, use of the social property for personal gain, gains from the infringement of customs and exchange law, tax fraud by craftsmen and retailers, theft of public property, and corruption. Since 1990, not only have the dynamics of the hidden economy strengthened, but its types of activities have changed significantly as well. These include, but are not limited to: omitting a portion of revenue from the register; recognizing non-incurred material production costs among expenditures; including an excessive portion of personal household maintenance costs among production costs; organizing business and study trips abroad; finder’s fee; end-of-year depreciation or ‘transfer’ of inventories; wages of registered employees paid out of pocket; employment of unreported employees; parallel company formation; the economic activity of unincorporated individuals and the income generated thereby. The following are among the concrete steps taken in recent years to uncover the Hungarian hidden economy: the temporary employment booklet; the simplified entrepreneurial tax; the Electronic Trade and Transport Control System; online cash registers; the connection of vending machines to the tax office.
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Fenyvesi, Éva, e Tibor Pintér. "Characteristics of the Hidden Economy in Hungary Before and after the Regime Change". Journal of Corporate Governance, Insurance, and Risk Management 7, n. 2 (22 aprile 2020): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.56578/jcgirm070201.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Lately, economists and policymakers have been paying even closer attention to the hidden economy. Indeed, it makes a difference to the economy how much money goes into the state coffers. In order to uncover the hidden economy however, it is necessary to be familiar with its nature and manifestations. In this paper, with the aid of previous research and literature we attempt to illustrate the characteristics of the hidden economy in Hungary before and after the regime change and to map out the steps that have been taken to uncover it. This publication was preceded by a systematic literature review on the definition, causes, and effects of the hidden economy, consisting of the collection of both data and literature related to the domestic hidden economy. The following summarize the results from the synthesis of literature: The Hungarian hidden economy existed even before the regime change and took a variety of different forms. These include tips, bribes, informal payments, unauthorized work and patchwork, moonlighting, unauthorized rental of real estate, use of social property for personal gain, gains from the infringement of customs and exchange law, tax fraud by craftsmen and retailers, theft of public property, and corruption. Since 1990, not only have the dynamics of the hidden economy strengthened, but its types of activities have changed significantly as well. These include, but are not limited to: omitting a portion of revenue from the register; recognizing non-incurred material production costs among expenditures; including an excessive portion of personal household maintenance costs among production costs; organizing business and study trips abroad; finder’s fee; end-of-year depreciation or 'transfer' of inventories; wages of registered employees paid out of pocket; employment of unreported employees; parallel company formation; economic activity of unincorporated individuals and the income generated thereby. The following are among the concrete steps taken in recent years to uncover the Hungarian hidden economy: the temporary employment booklet; the simplified entrepreneurial tax; the Electronic Trade and Transport Control System; online cash registers; the connection of vending machines to the tax office.
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Oota, Masato, Yumiko Iwafune e Ryozo Ooka. "Estimation of Self-Sufficiency Rate in Detached Houses Using Home Energy Management System Data". Energies 14, n. 4 (12 febbraio 2021): 975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14040975.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Japan’s energy consumption in 2018 was about 2.5 times that in 1975, with the increase in the household sector being the largest at 28%. Most of primary energy is still fossil fuel, and it is urgent to reduce energy consumption in the household sector. The purpose of this paper was to identify ways to reduce household energy consumption without compromising the quality of life in residence. However, the reduction methods vary by region, building specifications, household type, equipment specifications, season, and weather. The value of this paper is based on a systematic analysis of home energy management systems (HEMS) data from about 50,000 households under various conditions. We are analyzing ways to reduce energy consumption. Few studies have analyzed this much back-up data, which is likely to lead to a reduction in CO2 emissions across the household sector. To explore ways to reduce energy consumption in this sector, the company has introduced and provided services for home energy management systems (HEMS) since 2011 and is currently collecting HEMS data for up to 50,000 households. In order to grasp the actual state of energy consumption in each household, HEMS data are systematically analyzed, necessary conditions for energy reduction and self-sufficiency rate (SSR) improvement are analyzed, and energy consumption under certain conditions is estimated using storage batteries (SB) and heat pump water heaters (HPWH). In addition, energy consumption was investigated by actual measurement and simulation for several hundred households. Since power generation and consumption vary greatly depending on the region, building specifications, household type, equipment specifications, season, weather, etc., it is necessary to analyze these factors systematically. As a conclusion, in order to improve SSR, it is necessary to (1) reduce surplus power consumption and energy consumption of heat pump water heaters (HPWHs), (2) increase solar power generation, and (3) increase the size of SB. This study contributes to the spread of advanced housing and the reduction of CO2 emissions in the household sector.
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Barboza-Navarro, David, Johanna Solórzano Thompson e Javier Paniagua Molina. "Default risk in Microfinance Institutions: Case study of a Costa Rican company". e-Agronegocios 9 (27 ottobre 2023): 1–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18845/ea.v9i1.6370.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The most recent Economic Report of the Inter-American Development Bank ranks Costa Rica as the second country in Central America with the highest household indebtedness, and almost half of households have no savings. These conditions have led to increases in the default rates of loan creditors. This research analyzes the factors affecting default in a Costa Rican Microfinance Institution that grants microcredits to individuals and small businesses without access to traditional bank financing. An econometric approach with panel data was applied and the results show that default is affected by autoregressive components and the financed activity. The application of these methodologies allows strengthening credit analysis and the selection of market niches to mitigate the default risk.
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Bermejo-Martín, Gustavo, Carlos Rodríguez-Monroy e Yilsy M. Núñez-Guerrero. "Water Consumption Range Prediction in Huelva’s Households Using Classification and Regression Trees". Water 13, n. 4 (15 febbraio 2021): 506. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13040506.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper uses the numerical results of surveys sent to Huelva’s (Andalusia, Spain) households to determine the degree of knowledge they have about the urban water cycle, needs, values, and attitudes regarding water in an intermediary city with low water stress. In previous research, we achieved three different households’ clusters. The first one grouped households with high knowledge of the integral water cycle and a positive attitude to smart devices at home. The second cluster described households with low knowledge of the integral water cycle and high sensitivity to price. The third one showed average knowledge and predisposition to have a closer relationship with the water company. This paper continues with this research line, applying Classification and Regression Trees (CART) to determine which hierarchy of variables/factors/independent components obtained from the surveys are the decisive ones to predict the range of household water consumption in Huelva. Positive attitudes towards improved cleaning habits for personal or household purposes are the highest hierarchy component to predict the water consumption range. Second in the hierarchy, the variable Knowledge Global Score about the integral urban water cycle, associated with water literacy, also contributes to predicting the water consumption range. Together with the three clusters obtained previously, these results will allow us to design water demand management strategies (WDM) fit for purpose that enable Huelva’s households to use water more efficiently.
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Nuraeni, Rasmeidah Rasyid e Farizah Dhaifina Amran. "PARTNERSHIP PATTERN AND HOUSEHOLD WELFARE LEVEL OF SUGARCANE FARMERS". International Journal of Agriculture and Environmental Research 10, n. 01 (2024): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.51193/ijaer.2024.10108.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Partnering with a sugar factory is the main choice for sugarcane farmers in Bone Regency because they are unable to process their own farm production, obtain market guarantees, and obtain production facilities. The aims of this study were to: (1) Identify the partnership pattern between sugarcane farmers and PT Perkebunan Nusantara XIV (PTPN XIV) Camming Sugar Factory, (2) Analyze the income of sugarcane farmers, (3) Analyze the welfare level of sugarcane farmers’ households. The respondents were 35 sugarcane farmers who had partnerships with PTPN XIV Camming Sugar Factory, and two key informants fromthe company who supervised the partnership which were expected to be able to provide information about the partnership pattern. The analytical method used is descriptive statistical analysis, income analysis, farmer’s household income structure analysis, household expenditure structure and welfare level analysis. The results showed that: (1) The partnership pattern run by sugarcane farmers and PTPN XIV Camming Sugar Factory isplasma-core pattern, where core being the nucleus and plasma the smallholding farmers. (2) The average income per harvest season of sugarcane farming is Rp. 13.991.923. (3) Sugarcane farmer households are categorized as prosperous with an average of 37.6% of total household expenditure is on food
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Caston, Nicole E., Courtney Williams, Kathleen D. Gallagher, Rebekah Angove, Eric Anderson, Alan James Balch e Gabrielle Betty Rocque. "Patient-reported unfair treatment within the health care system." Journal of Clinical Oncology 39, n. 28_suppl (1 ottobre 2021): 115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.39.28_suppl.115.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
115 Background: Patients with cancer who perceive discrimination and unfair treatment from the health care system are at risk for lower health-related quality of life. This study seeks to better understand the characteristics of under-resourced patients who report unfair treatment from the health care system and providers. Methods: This cross-sectional analysis used data from a nationwide survey distributed in December 2020 by Patient Advocate Foundation (PAF), a US non-profit organization providing case management and financial aid to individuals with chronic illness. The survey was fielded via email to those who received PAF services from July 2019-April 2020. Inclusion criteria included a valid e-mail address, aged ≥ 19, and either current or previous cancer treatment. Respondents reported unfair treatment in connection to their health care. Age, sex, race/ethnicity, and annual household income were abstracted from the PAF database. The validated Group-Based Medical Mistrust Scale was used to assess respondents’ level of mistrust in medical providers as it relates to their ethnic group. Scores range from 12-60 and were categorized based on tertiles as high mistrust (scores ≥ 29), neutral (21-28), and low mistrust (≤ 20). Frequencies and percentages were calculated for categorical variables. Results: There were a total of 429 survey respondents with cancer. Most respondents were female (73%) and aged 56-75 (57%); 31% were Black, Indigenous, or Persons of Color (BIPOC). The most common cancer types were hematologic (33%) and breast (33%). Overall, 20% (n = 86) of respondents reported having received unfair treatment. Of those reporting unfair treatment, 56% reported receipt from their doctor, nurse, or health care provider, 51% insurance company, 38% the health care system, and 14% pharmacist. When asked why they felt unfairly treated, the most common responses were related to insurance status (51%), disease or condition (45%), and income (35%). Notably, unfair treatment due to race/ethnicity (6%), sex (9%), and sexual orientation/gender expression (3%) were uncommon. When compared to those who reported objective treatment, respondents reporting unfair treatment were more often unemployed/other (28% vs 11%), privately insured (38% vs 27%), having income < $23,000 (40% vs 25%), having 3+ comorbidities (40% vs 23%) and reporting more mistrust in medical providers (53% vs 27%). There did not appear to be a difference in reporting of unfair treatment by race/ethnicity. Of BIPOC respondents, 51% reported high mistrust in medical providers. Conclusions: This under-resourced population of respondents with cancer reported unfair treatment related to their finances, insurance, and disease status. Our data suggest health care-associated discrimination may occur based on socioeconomic resources. This work identifies a novel equity consideration warranting further evaluation.
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Birt, Sarah. "Artistic households: the economics of creative work in seventeenth-century London". Historical Research 94, n. 265 (4 giugno 2021): 489–507. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/hisres/htab016.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This article offers new insights into women’s occupational identities and the production of art in seventeenth-century London. The identification of a previously overlooked portraitist named Anne Wemyss (1633–98) shows that she was part of a much wider circle of artists and elite patrons active during this period. An exploration of the training afforded to a number of female Painter-Stainers’ Company apprentices that were connected to artistic households, followed by a micro-historical study of the gender division of labour in Mary Beale’s household studio, further credits women’s creative work in the wider economy.
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Robin, Stéphane R. "Housing Careers for Social Tenants in France: A Case Study". Open House International 30, n. 3 (1 settembre 2005): 37–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ohi-03-2005-b0005.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In France, social housing provides a significant proportion of housing services. The present contribution seeks to identify housing careers for social tenants, using event history analysis on a sample of over 40,000 households located in the Lille metropolitan area (in northern France). The data was provided by a local social housing company, and contains extensive geographical information. The analysis was conducted for the metropolitan area and for its three main cities (Lille, Roubaix and Tourcoing). This made it possible to measure the effect of geographical location at both the agglomeration and neighbourhood levels. Our main results are threefold. First, access to better housing depends more on individual characteristics than on residential location; thus, it appears that comparatively favoured households may use social housing to increase their “upward mobility.” Secondly, forced mobility (eviction) depends on household histories and characteristics, but is spatially heavily concentrated. Finally, urban renewal, by increasing the quality of the built environment, tends - at least in some neighbourhoods - to make social housing more desirable (by giving households a stronger incentive to stay). It may thus improve the quality of life of people who are less likely to become homeowners or to access larger/more comfortable houses.
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Antunes, Aghane, Cynthia S. Simmons e Joao Paulo Veiga. "Non-Timber Forest Products and the Cosmetic Industry: An Econometric Assessment of Contributions to Income in the Brazilian Amazon". Land 10, n. 6 (2 giugno 2021): 588. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10060588.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This study explores Non-Timber Forest Products (NTFPs) production and company–community partnerships with the multinational cosmetic industry. The objectives are to critically assess: (1) how income generated from market-oriented NTFPs extraction impacts small farmers’ livelihoods; and (2) whether membership in cooperatives linked to such partnerships is a factor in improved livelihood. Household-level data from 282 surveys conducted in remote communities in four municipalities in the Northeast region of the State of Pará provide empirical insight into NTFPs extraction and processing activities by smallholder farmers in the Brazilian Amazon. We employ a spatial econometric approach to assess if engagement in NTFPs extraction and membership in cooperatives result in statistically significant increases in the overall household income. A series of spatial regression models are used, including Ordinary Least Squares (OLS), Spatial Autoregressive Regression (SAR), Spatial Error Model (SEM), Spatial Durbin Model (SDM) and their corresponding alternative Bayesian models. Our study finds that NTFP extraction and membership in cooperatives tied to company–community partnerships are statistically significant and result in increases in total income at the household level. Findings also show that distance to transportation modes and markets are statistically significant with more distant households earning greater income. This finding presents challenges for the long-term sustainability of green alternatives to development that rely on remote, inaccessible environments for the commodities of interest. This is especially pronounced given the commitment of the Amazonian Nations, and the massive national and international investments, in the Initiative for the Integration of Regional Infrastructure in South America (IIRSA), which has as its goal the creation of a multimodal transportation hub to integrate the continent with global markets and make accessible far reaches of the Amazon.
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Adutwum, Frank Nsiah, Elliot Haruna Alhassan e Seth Mensah Abobi. "Effects of water quality on rural livelihoods: a case of Tamale Metropolis". Ghana Journal of Science, Technology and Development 8, n. 1 (31 maggio 2022): 18–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.47881/285.967x.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Water quality issues are a challenge in both developed and developing countries, which affects the people who depend on it. This study aimed at examining the quality of water sources used by the residence of 18 rural areas in Tamale Metropolis and their effects on their livelihoods. This was done by collecting water samples from four different sources used by residents: hand-dug wells, boreholes, Ghana Water Company Limited (GWCL) household tap and dam for laboratory analysis for both dry and rainy seasons. Furthermore, selected respondents from 18 communities in rural Tamale in the Northern region of Ghana who depend on these water sources were interviewed to examine the effect of the water sources on their livelihoods. From the findings, almost all households have access to at least 2 of these water sources with 51 percent of households storing water due to the lack of year-round water. The water quality test also shows that apart from water provided by the GWCL which passed the standard for physico-chemical parameters; dam, well, and borehole test results for colour (10.9-105.0 Hz), turbidity (23.5-226.0 NTU) and iron (0.35-1.99 mg/l) fell beyond the recommended range set by World Health Organization. No water source could meet the bacteriological requirements with a total (7-1910 CFu) and faecal (7-1200 CFu) coliforms content increasing in the rainy season. Seventy-three (73) percent of households reported sharing water with animals and 41 percent perceived to drink from unclean sources. Additionally, 70 percent indicated an increase in diseases such as cholera and diarrhoea while 90 percent responded that the cost of getting quality or potable water and attending for healthcare affects their household income. The overall implication is that the effect of poor water quality on the livelihoods of rural residence in Tamale Metropolis is significant and requires urgent intervention.
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Pacheco, Emerson D., Flávio I. Kubota, Eduardo K. Yamakawa, Edson P. Paladini, Lucila M. S. Campos e Paulo A. Cauchick-Miguel. "Reverse logistics". Benchmarking: An International Journal 25, n. 5 (2 luglio 2018): 1447–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bij-07-2016-0108.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose Increased competition and access to information are forcing companies to provide quality to their products and services, aligned with a growing society pressure for less harmful environmental practices. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how the adoption of reverse logistics (RL) may contribute to the generation of competitive advantage and improved quality in a part substitution process of a household appliance company. Design/methodology/approach This paper carried out a single case study in a household appliance company. The study collected data through semi-structured interviews in addition to document analysis and observation. Findings The implemented practices enhanced service maintenance and customer services and provided a more effective monitoring of defective parts. Moreover, such practices reduced unnecessary part substitutions, consumer dissatisfaction and undesired disposal in the environment. RL in the studied company has offered a potential contribution to the company quality strategies by providing more part returns, assuring cost savings, and reducing time to solve field problems. Research limitations/implications The study was limited to a single case study. Thus, the study findings are not subject to generalization for other similar organizations. Originality/value This paper is one of the few studies on RL in a household company in the context of an emerging economy. Such feature denotes in a singular scenario in RL investigations about recovering defective parts.
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Octavianus, Vincentius, Harryston Nagata e Johanes Fernandes Andry. "Assessment of Business Process Alignment to IT Business Objectives". Techno.Com 17, n. 3 (6 agosto 2018): 290–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.33633/tc.v17i3.1729.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Manufacturing company is a company engaged in the manufacture of household appliances such as plastic houseware, bushels food, rice bucket, and so forth. the company has implemented an application in running the business process of goods sales and goods (inventory). However, there is a problem in the application that is used to support the activity in the business process that is the discrepancy with the needs of users of the application and will be an assessment of the business process. Therefore, the authors take this topic. The purpose of this study is to determine the deficiencies that occur in the company, so the author can provide recommendations to the company about what should be improved. The research method used in this research is qualitative research and data obtained from the interview. In this study, the assessment of the business process Manufacturing company using COBIT 4.1 and Balanced Scorecard (BSC). This research focuses on PO3 (Determine Technological Direction) domains, PO4 (Communications Management Aims and Direction), PO8 (Manage Quality), and AI4 (Enable Operation and Use). From the research that has been done, the results show that this company has not reached the expected maturity level.
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Aasen, Jan. "Peer Supported Virtual Reality Development". International Journal of Integrated Care 23, S1 (28 dicembre 2023): 178. http://dx.doi.org/10.5334/ijic.icic23387.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Persons with mental health and substance abuse disorders (MHD/SUD) make up a highly vulnerable target group, particularly affected by social exclusion. Many experience stigmatization, powerlessness and disconnectedness and thus are marginalized when it comes to social participation. A Recovery oriented approach within field of mental health care entails a focus on enabling individuals to connect and interact with their social surroundings, and aid persons striving with mental health, substance abuse or social functioning impairments to full and contributing lives as active citizens. However, many lack knowledge, skills, and abilities to engage in their recovery process and utilize their social and community opportunities.
Virtual Reality technology (VRT) shows a promising potential for simulating social environments and interactions to mitigate social impairments and marginalization for persons in recovery from MHD/SUD. However, it is still unclear how the ecological validity of VRT can be harnessed in more sophisticated interventions that target complex social situations.
The overall goal of this project is to provide lived-experience based knowledge on how software development and new programming can broaden the range of VRT-based social environments and interactions. Thus, our study aims to explore how service users in MHD/SUD recovery experience social functioning impairments (SFI) and how these affect social participation and citizenship in their daily living.
Method: This study is part of the project «Virtual Reality as a facilitator for participation in society among persons with mental health and substance use disorders » which received funding from the Research Council of Norway. User driven innovation is a fundamental principle of the overall project. This entails close collaboration with persons who have lived-experience with MHD/SUD. A peer researcher has participated in developing interview guides, interviews and analysis. We have conducted 2 focus group interviews with municipal service providers and 10 in-depth, semi-structured individual interviews with service user in MHD/SUD municipal services.
Preliminary Results: First analysis of the focus groups with service providers suggest, that the particular needs of social functioning training varies across the stages of recovery.
The needs of SFI interventions vary from basic instrumental functioning training, such as household skills, personal management, and responsible decision making to more complex social situations, such as work related interactions (customer service, colleague collaboration, leadership), job interviews and engage in meaningful activities in the company of persons without MHD/ SUD experience. Furthermore, our findings suggests needs for basic cognitive training, targeting mentalization capacity, executive functions, emotional regulation and cognitive flexibility.
Conclusion: This study will provide knowledge on what hinders or promotes participation in society among persons with MHD/SUD within their recovery process. This understanding will facilitate development of tailored recovery measures, and measures to prevent persons with MHD/SUD being marginalized. Based on the results of this study, VR-designers and peer support researchers jointly develop in the second part of the overall project a VR-prototype, which will be finally evaluated within an RCT. Our study is the first to dedicate VR to persons with MHD/SUD.
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Xiao, Yuchun, Shuiliang Liu, Jinyou Zuo, Ningling Yin, Jilin Wu e Wenhai Xie. "Farmer Households’ Livelihood Resilience in Ethnic Tourism Villages: A Case Study of the Wuling Mountain Area, China". Sustainability 15, n. 1 (30 dicembre 2022): 662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010662.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Farmer households in tourist villages have been severely impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the recovery of livelihood is proving difficult. In order to improve farmer households’ ability to cope with external shocks, we have applied the theoretical framework of resilience to study farmer households’ livelihood in ethnic tourism villages. Based on the survey data of 480 farmer households from 10 ethnic tourism villages in the Wuling Mountain area, this study constructs a livelihood resilience evaluation index system from three of the following dimensions: buffer capacity, adaptive capacity, and transformation capacity. These households are classified into three types: government-led, company-led, and community-led. In addition, the livelihood resilience and its influencing factors of each type is quantitatively assessed. The results show that the livelihood resilience of farmer households administered by the government, companies, and communities is 0.2984, 0.3250, and 0.2442, respectively. Government-led farmer households have the greatest transformation capacity, company-led farmer households have the largest buffer capacity and adaptive capacity, and community-led farmer households have the least capacity across the board. The results indicated that the company-led management of tourism development is currently the most appropriate mode of management for the local area. Four factors, namely, the number of family members engaged in tourism, the training opportunities for the development of professional skills, the education level of core family members, and the type of assistance subsidy available to a family, are the dominant obstacle factors with respect to the livelihood resilience of different types of farmer households. Finally, some recommendations are made to improve the farmer households’ livelihood resilience in ethnic tourism villages based on two aspects of organization management and farmer households’ behavior. The findings of this study can be used as a theoretical foundation for future research on farmer households’ resilience to poverty in underdeveloped ethnic tourism villages.
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Fudjaja, Letty, Ni Made Viantika, Muhammad Ridwan, Andi Rifdah Rosyadah Saad e Mahyuddin Riwu. "Revenue Cost Ratio and Value-Added Household Industry Robusta Powder Coffee Company". AGRIEKONOMIKA 12, n. 1 (1 maggio 2023): 103–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21107/agriekonomika.v12i1.16927.
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Coffee is one of the promising agricultural commodities. Sound processing and advanced processing will provide added value and increase income. CV. Berkat Asia is a household-scale ground coffee industry located in Sinjai Borong District. They process robusta coffee from local farmers to packaged ground coffee. This study aims to analyze the added value of income in CV. Berkat Asia. This research was conducted in January 2022 by applying case study research. The data were then analyzed using income and value-added analysis using the Hayami method. The results showed that the daily income for processing ground coffee was IDR. 10.3 million . The annual income is IDR. 2.4 billion. The added value generated is IDR. 12 thousand/kg with a value-added ratio of 30.23%. The industrial value added is classified as a medium ratio because the added value is above 15%, with daily and annual R/C ratios of 1.34 and 1.32, respectively.
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Esmaeili, Seyed Ebrahim, Ahmed AlRasheedi, Ahmed AlJarrah, Mohamed H. Marzouk e Fatmah Y. AlBloushi. "Design and Implementation of a Compact Automated Spirulina Cultivation System for Households". Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Research 6, n. 1 (25 ottobre 2023): 57–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.32734/injar.v6i01.11746.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Spirulina is considered to be the most nutritious whole food source in nature. It is promoted as a dietary supplement and an active ingredient in functional foods. Factors such as conflicts, supply chain disruptions, and economic fallout are driving food prices to unprecedented levels. Low- and middle-income populations are affected by these rising costs. The design and implementation of a compact Spirulina cultivation system to be used in the household is presented in this paper. The system contains light, temperature, pH, and turbidity sensors. All sensors are connected to microcontrollers which activate a heater, air pump, mixing pump, pool fall pump, and two LEDs according to the readings received to ensure proper and continuous growth of Spirulina. The proposed system is user-friendly, economical, and can be easily stored and operated at homes to stimulate and monitor the growth of Spirulina. The primary objective of the proposed compact cultivation system is to furnish the necessary tools for generating a nutritionally valuable food source on a smaller scale, specifically within households, at a relatively affordable cost.
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Petric, Jasna. "Residents' view on resettlement issue of Vreoci: Sustainability or phrases". Spatium, n. 12 (2005): 12–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/spat0512012p.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Further expansion of Kolubara lignite basin indicates a necessity to limit future territorial encompass and spatial development of the present semi-urban settlement of Vreoci which is located some 50 km to the south from Belgrade. There is a part of Vreoci which has already been expropriated for the purposes of lignite exploitation, yet the possibility to resettle the town as a whole is still to be validated according to appropriate technical documentation and the feasibility study. Having that estimation of the total cost for such a venture so far showed to be unreliable, the Institute of Architecture and Urban & Spatial Planning professional team was engaged by the Electric Power of Serbia state company in order to prepare and conduct a questionnaire study on conditions for total resettlement of Vreoci. Before the actual fieldwork took place in June-July 2005, citizens of Vreoci were well informed on the questionnaire content and the interviewing period. The questionnaire was thus conducted through face-to-face interviews with one representative per household who could give all relevant information concerning this study. Though the questionnaire covered information on households as well as on their premises (general facts about constructions built on the household lots), this paper is focused on the first type of information and makes an emphasis on residents' opinion regarding viable/ sustainable options for their resettlement.
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Mchome, Emanuel Lukio. "Resilience from Below: Technicians, Repair and Maintenance Works in Post-socialist Dar es Salaam, 1985-2020". HoST - Journal of History of Science and Technology 16, n. 1 (1 giugno 2022): 73–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/host-2022-0005.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Since its establishment by the German East Africa Railway Company in 1906, Dar es Salaam’s electricity infrastructure has been functioning precariously. Tanzania’s national power company (Tanesco) collaborated with donors to ameliorate these problems, but to no avail. Tanzania’s cities continued to experience both cascading and rolling blackouts, and such breakdowns of infrastructure became critical, especially from the 1980s onward, making electricity consumers vulnerable. This article illustrates that the failure of Tanesco’s systems does not mean that inhabitants in the city have remained passively exposed to the consequences of power breakdowns. Based on interviews, a literature review, and archival material, it demonstrates that electricians have become part and parcel of a socio-technical landscape that has enhanced household resilience—the ability to survive in a country partly plagued by failing critical infrastructure. The article reveals the active role played by formally and informally trained electricians (mafundi) in forging alternative solutions, increasing electricity users’ ability to cope with power outages. Employing innovative skills to repair electrical appliances and tinker with Tanesco’s infrastructure, street electricians increased the resilience of residential electricity users in the face of recurrent power failures. The author argues that urban resilience studies in African cities like Dar es Salaam need to consider street technicians to gain a full understanding of households’ responses to vulnerable electric infrastructure.
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Familia, Thomas, e Christine Horne. "Customer trust in their utility company and interest in household-level battery storage". Applied Energy 324 (ottobre 2022): 119772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119772.
Testo completo
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Familia, Thomas, e Christine Horne. "Customer trust in their utility company and interest in household-level battery storage". Applied Energy 324 (ottobre 2022): 119772. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2022.119772.
Testo completo
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Gersch, Inka. "Producer organizations and contract farming: a comparative study of smallholders’ market strategies in South India". Zeitschrift für Wirtschaftsgeographie 62, n. 1 (26 marzo 2018): 14–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/zfw-2017-0026.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract The fundamental restructuring processes of agri-food networks in developing and emerging markets have intensified the debate on how to improve the integration of smallholders into so called modern value chains. In this context, the company-driven contract farming model and the member-based model of producer organizations are discussed by practitioners and in the scholarly literature as alternatives to traditional market systems. This study compares the models’ abilities to address economic challenges of highly fragmented and small-scale dominated agriculture on a household as well as on an aggregate level. It analyzes empirical data from the Indian floriculture sector with the global value chain approach. The study reveals that the smallholders perceive both contract farming and producer organization to be beneficial for their households’ economic risk situation, while only the producer organization has a positive effect on the households’ income. The contract farming benefits production and value chain efficiency, whereas the producer organization does not show an impact in these respects. We thus observe that the contract farming model increases value creation in the overall chain, but it does not raise the producer’s value capture; while the producer organization model does not heighten value creation in the overall chain, but it lifts the producers’ value capture. The organization’s individual capabilities determine how each model addresses the economic challenges. Overall, the author argues that contract farming and producer organizations are supplementing, not competitive, strategies and should be applied in combination.
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Čampulová, Martina, e Roman Čampula. "Modelling Household Car Ownership in the Selected Regions of the Czech Republic". Acta Universitatis Agriculturae et Silviculturae Mendelianae Brunensis 68, n. 3 (2020): 605–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.11118/actaun202068030605.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Car ownership models are essential for forecasting transport demand as well as for addressing the resulting impacts of traffic emissions and appropriate measures. The paper presents the multinomial logit model for the selected regions of the Czech Republic analysing the relationship between household car ownership and household characteristics such as household income, number of household members and number of children. The model was applied to data collected by questionnaire survey conducted in two Czech cities Litoměřice and Písek in the years 2017 and 2019. In total, three car ownership categories were specified: one car, two cars, three and more cars. The results showed that household income and the number of household members owning a driving licence has a positive impact on owning two and more cars. Besides that, it was also found out that the number of cars owned by a household is influenced by the number of retired pensioners and a possibility to use a company car.
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Manouseli, D., S. M. Kayaga e R. Kalawsky. "Evaluation of water efficiency programs in single-family households in the UK: a case study". Water Supply 17, n. 6 (12 maggio 2017): 1785–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/ws.2017.071.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Current water supply worldwide is facing growing pressure as a result of climate change and increasing water demand due to growing population and lifestyle changes. The traditional way of fulfilling the growing demand–supply gap by seeking new water supply options such as exploiting new fresh water resources and investing in the expansion of infrastructure is no longer considered environmentally or economically sustainable. A diverse portfolio of water efficiency measures is now a requirement for the majority of water companies in the UK. This paper presents results from a statistical analysis of a unique water efficiency program case study. The study evaluates the effectiveness of installing water-saving devices in single-family households in areas where a major UK water supply company operates. Using multilevel models, the study accurately measures the water savings achieved through the efficiency program and defines the factors that affect a household's potential to save water. Analysis illustrated a mean 7% decrease in consumption, explicitly attributable to the efficiency program. Research findings provide strong evidence that single resident and financially stretched households have a bigger potential to conserve water than larger and more affluent ones and also highlight the robustness of multilevel analysis, even in cases of data limitations.
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Kuliev, Begimkul. "Cost Optimization Problems and Ways of Increase Efficiency in Household Services". Obshchestvo i ekonomika, n. 11 (2023): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s020736760028788-5.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article analyzes the problems of cost optimization and ways to improve efficiency in household services. In this article, the author has developed scientific-practical suggestions and recommendations aimed at the problems of optimal planning of the activities of the Samsung company, which provides household services to consumers located in the city of Samarkand, based on which, as a method of analysis, the Simplex optimization method has brought out the possibilities of optimizing the costs of the enterprise providing household services. It has been scientifically proven that the application of this optimization method among subjects operating in the field of household services serves to increase the efficiency of the system in the case of determining costs in advance, saving and determining the optimal direction.
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Zborowski, Marek, e Anna Mikulec. "Dietary Catering: The Perfect Solution for Rational Food Management in Households". Sustainability 14, n. 15 (26 luglio 2022): 9174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14159174.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The problem of food waste is a global phenomenon. Food waste occurs at all stages of the food chain. Households, especially in developed countries, produce the most food waste. In order to effectively prevent consumers from throwing food away, it is important to understand the factors that determine these behaviors in the household. The aim of this study was to define the goal of using dietary catering in Polish society as a form of consumption of wholesome meals with a specific calorific value and distribution of macronutrients in the aspect of reducing losses related to food waste. The research was carried out online in the years 2020–2022 among the clients of a catering company. The survey respondents were residents of the Małopolskie Voivodeship in Poland. The research tool was an original anonymous questionnaire in the form of a shortened nutritional interview. On the basis of the obtained results, it can be concluded that factors such as age and gender influence consumer behavior. The reasons for the decision to choose dietary catering were mainly indicated as wasting and throwing away food, as well as inadequate management of food supplies and preparing too large portions of meals.
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Komatsu, Satoru, Yayu Isyana D. Pongoliu, Masayuki Sakakibara e Taro Ohdoko. "Examining Preference Heterogeneity in Best-Worst Scaling: Case of Preferences for Job Opportunities in Artisanal Small-Scale Gold Mining (ASGM) Communities in Indonesia". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n. 1 (28 dicembre 2021): 306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010306.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This research empirically examines the preferences for job-related attributes among rural villagers living close to artisanal and small-scale gold mining (ASGM) in Indonesia. Based on hypothetical scenarios in which a private company collaborates with the local government to establish a food processing industry in these villages, a questionnaire survey designed with best–worst scaling (BWS) was administered to households to determine their preferences. Additionally, the heterogeneity among the villagers was examined by applying a latent class logit (LCL) model. The main household survey was conducted in 2019 in Bone Bolango Regency, Gorontalo Province. The estimation results revealed that villagers are separated into four classes, and each class has different and unique preferences. Creating more job opportunities for society is a highly evaluated attribute; however, the preference for skill acquisition differs among groups. The results indicate that accounting for heterogeneous preferences regarding job opportunities is helpful to delink dependency on ASGM and health hazards and improve the livelihoods of rural villagers. The study yields key information to substantially reduce environmental and health hazards in the poverty-plagued ASGM community by facilitating job opportunities in Indonesia.
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Stopochkin, Artem, e Inessa Sytnik. "Algorithm for Rapid Estimation of the Performance of Small Rooftop Solar PV Use by Households". Energies 15, n. 11 (25 maggio 2022): 3910. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15113910.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of the research presented in this paper was to develop an analytical instrument for measuring the efficiency of investing in renewable energy sources suitable for use by the average single-family homeowner. The paper develops an algorithm to quickly estimate the efficiency of small rooftop solar photovoltaic (PV) systems use by households. The algorithm is developed on the basis of the MS Excel software package. It is easy to use and allows estimation of the maximum efficiency of the installation of a photovoltaic system, taking into account the preferences of the household, the technical characteristics of the photovoltaic system, and the parameters of the building and location. The validation of the algorithm was carried out on the example of Opole Province (Poland). The selection of photovoltaic panels is based on 17 types of panels made in different technologies, which allows rational choice of modules based on consumer preferences according to the price/quality ratio. The practical use of the developed application should increase the level of informed consumer decision-making in the process of designing a photovoltaic installation and concluding a contract with the installation company.
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Motari, Beatrice Monyenche, Charles Mallans Rambo e Raphael Ondeko Nyonje. "The Role of Routine Programme for Monitoring and Evaluation on Sub-national Water Services in Kenya". Journal of Sustainable Development 15, n. 6 (20 ottobre 2022): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jsd.v15n6p15.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Routine programme for monitoring and evaluation involves data gathering, analysis and reporting to ensure progress and ultimately achievement of project goals. This study determined the influence of routine programme for monitoring and evaluation on sub-national water services in Nyamira South Sub County, Kenya. A mixed method, cross-sectional and correlational design was used. Study findings were generated using quantitative interviews from a total of 480 household heads; and staff from the local water services company. Qualitative information was generated from discussions with 40 village elders. The study established that provision of water services in the study area was not sustainable, with only about 23 percent of households accessing water services. The study findings also revealed poor monitoring of the water services. However, the findings demonstrated a linear, positive, and significant association between routine programme for monitoring and evaluation and sustainability of water services. The Pearson correlation coefficient was 0.724 and p-values were 0.000 for both correlation and regression analyses. The findings support the strengthening of routine programme for monitoring and evaluation as a way of reinforcing the long-term management of water resources at sub-national level.
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Listiadi, Agung. "The Acceptance Effectiveness Through Accounts Receivable Billing Period Average". IJEBD (International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Business Development) 5, n. 4 (31 luglio 2022): 699–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.29138/ijebd.v5i4.1897.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose: Sensitivity Performance company to economics depend on sold service. Condition of company’s finance always becomes especial reason to a company to develop its effort. One of the source of fund to company is liquefaction of receivable. Not rarely receivable cannot be billed for as according to its due date, which is on finally must be done abolition to receivable. Intention of this research is to know Effectiveness receivable measured, from industrial ACP. The purpose of this research is to measure the level of ACP of companies engaged in household needs and lifestyles that are included in the stock exchange. Benefit of research is known of ACP hence earning is immediately known by receivable effectiveness.
Design/methodology/approach: This study used a descriptive research method. Data is the document obtained financial statement for the period of 2021. As for the subjects in this study are companies engaged in household needs and lifestyle, by calculating the ACP based on the financial statements in 2021.
Findings: Based on the results of calculations using the ACP formula, the big unknown ACP is below the industry average. This means that the average consumer pays his debts to the company on deadlines faster than the industry average. This means that the ACP period of companies engaged in the household and lifestyle equipment business is in good condition even though they are facing the era of covid 19.
Research limitations/implications: The limitation in this study is that calculating ACP can only be done for one entity.
Practical implications: The results of this study can be used as a comparison in a cluster of companies engaged in similar fields.
Originality/value: The focus of the research is to find ways to calculate the effectiveness of sales on receivables during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Paper type: Research paper
32
Taik, Salma, e Bálint Kiss. "Household electricity usage optimization using MPC and mixed integer programming". Pollack Periodica 15, n. 1 (aprile 2020): 136–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/606.2020.15.1.13.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract This paper discusses the control of the electric energy consumption in a household equipped with smart devices. The household consumption pattern is the result of a two-level optimization framework. The scheduling of the electric appliances is determined by the first optimization, receiving Time of Use tariffs proposed by the utility company. The scheduler considers the consumer's preferences on the powering on for each appliance. Secondly a model predictive controller is developed to control the electric heating system based on energy constraints resulting from the appliance scheduling. Simulations show the energy efficiency and an optimized electricity cost of the strategy proposed.
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Szymczak, Michał. "Wykorzystanie zmodyfikowanego rozkładu Weibulla w badaniu niezawodności urządzeń AGD". Wiadomości Statystyczne. The Polish Statistician 2012, n. 8 (28 agosto 2012): 55–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.59139/ws.2012.08.4.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Forecasting of the manufactured appliances’ reliability is a difficult and still considered issue. The article presents results of the household appliances’ reliability research with the application of a modified Weibull distribution. In the first part there are shown theoretical assumptions of the research together with choice grounds of the applied model. Estimates of parameters of the model were based on a data set, which contained censored observations. This information is derived from actual observations of warranty services of a selected production company. The second part of the paper contains the results of estimates obtained using maximum likelihood methods. It also contains comments on the usefulness of the results. The study allowed to compare changes in the reliability of the selected appliances in recent years, as well as to relate them to the quality requirements — both customer and manufacturer.
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Chen, Tzu-Ying, Rong-Chang Jou e Yi-Chang Chiu. "Using the Multilevel Random Effect Model to Analyze the Behavior of Carpool Users in Different Cities". Sustainability 13, n. 2 (18 gennaio 2021): 937. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13020937.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The purpose of this study was to offer a comprehensive econometrical framework based on a multilevel random effect logistic model that could highlight important contributors to carpool users among different cities with various attributes. The data was collected from the three cities of Tucson, AZ, USA; El Paso, TX, USA; and Austin, TX, USA and was based on register-based travel trip data from the Metropia platform and American Community Survey information from 2016 to 2017. The empirical results indicated there were statistically significant differences among carpool users in different cities due to the transportation mode, number of vehicles available, total number of males driving alone, and number of single-parent households. The individual level result showed that incentives had a significant effect on the promotion of carpool passenger and driver behavior. In addition, the time of finding the parking space at work, living situation of the household, flexibility to change departure times, gender, and age could effectively increase the possibility of carpool usage. The results of this study give a better understanding of the events in the initial factors of carpooling behavior and can be used by the government or commercial company to design an effective solution for traffic congestion.
35
Deal, Philip T., e David A. Sabatini. "An assessment of penetration for pay-to-fetch water kiosks in rural Ghana using the Huff gravity model". Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 10, n. 4 (22 ottobre 2020): 670–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2020.034.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Safe water enterprises across the developing world are attempting to meet demand for higher levels of water service. Existing, often free, water sources can make it difficult for these businesses to convince consumers to use a better-quality source or capture sufficient revenue for cost recovery. For this reason, it is imperative to develop a realistic understanding of penetration for small-scale water utilities. A cross-sectional assessment of 60 rural communities was used to evaluate the market share of a private service provider in Ghana. Household survey responses were used to identify the most attractive qualities of available water sources. Distance, taste, appearance, and affordability were found to be the most common motivational drivers. Using this information, a Huff gravity model was developed to assess the actual and potential market penetration and market share for the company in each community. The model and actual results agreed that about 38% of respondents would be regular customers at the given price. Even if water were free, the model predicted that the attractiveness of other sources would make it difficult to capture more than 58% of the sampled households. This illustrates the complexity of the water service ecosystem in a developing, rural context.
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Chavalittumrong, Preechaya, e Mark Speece. "Three-Pillar Sustainability and Brand Image: A Qualitative Investigation in Thailand’s Household Durables Industry". Sustainability 14, n. 18 (18 settembre 2022): 11699. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811699.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Many companies nowadays implement sustainable practices internally, and build brand images that communicate sustainability. However, there are different degrees of ‘sustainability’. This study examines the extent to which full three-pillar sustainability (environmental, social, economic) translates into a sustainable brand image among consumers in Thailand. Nine major companies producing household durables were scored based on their website information, using the Dow Jones Sustainability Index to identify those having high-, mid-, and low-level sustainability implementation. In-depth interviews were conducted with three managers in one company at each level, and three consumers who mainly buy household durables from each company were also interviewed. Manager interviews confirmed that the level of sustainability implementation evident on the website is fairly accurate. Consumers roughly translate this into brand image reflecting the degree of the company’s sustainability, but the mapping is not exact. Stronger communications about the company’s sustainability seem able to improve consumer perceptions somewhat. Consumers are quite aware of three-pillar sustainability, but often do not explicitly consider all three pillars in their product decisions. However, the long-term trend seems to be toward merging the separate market segments into a comprehensive, three-pillar sustainability-oriented segment.
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Nazli, Hina. "Farzana Naqvi. Energy, Economy and Equity Interactions in a CGE Model for Pakistan. Aldershot: Ashgate Publishing Company, 1997. Hardbound. Price not given. xxii+290 pages." Pakistan Development Review 38, n. 2 (1 giugno 1999): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.30541/v38i2pp.219-222.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Modernisation of the agricultural, industrial and household sectors causes the demand for energy to increase more rapidly than its supply. In countries that aim to modernise quickly a heavy investment is required to redress this imbalance. That is why in countries such as Pakistan, the energy has remained on the top of the agenda of loan negotiation with international donor agencies. Energy serves as both a final consumption good and as an essential intermediate input in the production of goods. Thus any change in the price of energy at both these levels affects consumption as well as production and that, in turn, can cause changes in the prices of all other commodities. A change in the prices of exportables affects their demand in foreign markets and any change in the prices of import-competing and nontraded goods affects their demand at home. The net effects of all these changes can be measured in terms of the effects on real GDP, balance of trade, and government revenue. And, because any change in commodity prices exerts a negative impact on real consumption of households; the formulation of a comprehensive energy policy requires a framework that can take the immense complexity of the linkages of all the sectors of the economy into consideration. In the book under review, Dr Farzana Naqvi, argues that the issues of energy pricing can not be examined in isolation and presents a general equilibrium framework to address the complex issues related to energy, economy and equity.
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Azmi, T. Y., Anie Eka Kusumastuti, B. A. Nugroho e E. Nugroho. "THE CONTRIBUTION OF THE BEEF CATTLE FARMING SECTOR TO HOUSEHOLD INCOME IN THE TEAK FOREST AREA (CASE STUDY IN THE KEDUNGADEM SUB-DISTRICT, BOJONEGORO REGENCY)". Agricultural Socio-Economics Journal 22, n. 4 (31 ottobre 2022): 339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.21776/ub.agrise.2022.022.4.13.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Limited employment opportunities in rural areas make it more challenging for people to live a prosperous life. The social and economic conditions of rural communities tend to depend on the agrarian sector, such as the livestock sector. The livestock sector as an agricultural sub-sector is a very strategic and reliable way to create economic growth, reduce unemployment and create additional sources of income for the community. Most of the population of the Kedungadem sub-district in the Bojonegoro Regency work in the agricultural sector, for example in livestock farming. This study reveals the total income of cattle farmers’ households and the contribution of income derived from beef cattle farming activities to the total household income of farmers who live in the teak forest area. One hundred beef cattle farmers were randomly selected and grouped into one of three beef cattle farming scales, based on the number of cattle owned. This study shows that the average total income in scales I, II, and III was IDR. 19,211,392.15/year, IDR. 34,583,874.51/year, and IDR. 42,945,805.17/year, respectively. The average cattle farmer’s income from beef cattle farming in scales I, II, and III was IDR. 4,002,674.71/year; IDR. 9,482,032.71/year; and IDR. 19,716,588.39/year, respectively. The average contribution of beef cattle farming activity to the total income of farmers’ households in scales I, II, and III was 20.94%, 27.42%, and 47.00%, respectively. This study suggests that the farmers need to improve their economic management in order to survive or increase the income they derive from cattle farming. Farmers should also cooperate with Perhutani, a state forest company, as there are a number of ways in which the teak forest can support the sustainability of their cattle farming.
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Siregar, M. Hasyim. "DATA MINING KLASTERISASI PENJUALAN ALAT-ALAT BANGUNAN MENGGUNAKAN METODE K-MEANS (STUDI KASUS DI TOKO ADI BANGUNAN)". JURNAL TEKNOLOGI DAN OPEN SOURCE 1, n. 2 (3 dicembre 2018): 83–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.36378/jtos.v1i2.24.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In the world of business competition today, we are required to continually develop business to always survive in the competition. To achieve this there are a few things that can be done is to improve the quality of the product, adding the type of product and operational cost reduction company with how to use data analysis of the company. Data mining is a technology that automate the process to find interesting patterns and sensitive from the large data sets. This allows human understanding about finding patterns and scalability techniques. The store Adi Bangunan is a shop which is engaged in the sale of building materials and household who have such a system on supermarket namely buyers took own goods that will be purchased. Sales data, purchase goods or reimbursed some unexpected is not well ordered, so that the data is only function as archive for the store and cannot be used for the development of marketing strategy. In this research, data mining applied using the model of the process of K-Means that provides a standard process for the use of data mining in various areas used in the classification of because the results of this method can be easily understood and interpreted.
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Weick, Cynthia Wagner, e Cynthia F. Eakin. "Independent Inventors and Innovation". International Journal of Entrepreneurship and Innovation 6, n. 1 (febbraio 2005): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5367/0000000053026400.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Independent inventors have generally been overlooked in research on innovation. This study helps fill the knowledge gap. A survey of independent inventors in the USA showed that their inventions tended towards hardware/tool, household products, industrial/commercial products, novelty items and toys/games/hobbies. Thirty-nine per cent of the respondents generated sales from their inventions and approximately 20% profited from them. Inventors who established a company to commercialize their inventions were most likely to achieve sales. However, inventors who licensed their inventions were more likely to achieve higher sales levels than those who commercialized them only via their own company, or by selling their inventions outright.
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Kaswengi, Joseph, Mbaye Fall Diallo, Houcine Akrout e Pierre Valette-Florence. "Choosing high-equity cosmetic brands in bad macroeconomic conditions: evidence from panel data". International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management 48, n. 4 (7 aprile 2020): 305–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijrdm-01-2019-0003.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
PurposeThis study investigates how price, promotion and consumer characteristics affect consumer choice of high over medium- and low-equity cosmetic brand under different macroeconomic conditions.Design/methodology/approachThe study uses purchase records from MarketingScan's Behaviour Scan panels (a GFK – Mediametrie Company) covering the period from 2008 to 2009. The panel analysed represents a sample of 2,149 households representative of the national population.FindingsResults indicate that regular price and relative brand price increase high-equity cosmetic brand choice over both low- and medium-equity brands, while reference price decreases it. Brand feature promotion activity and joint promotion positively affect high-equity cosmetic brand choice, whereas display promotion decreases it. In comparison to medium-equity cosmetic brands, gender and education slightly increase high-equity cosmetic brand choice, while age decreases it. Surprisingly, household income does not affect high-equity cosmetic brand choice. The effect of regular price decreases over worsening macroeconomic conditions. However, the effect of relative brand price decreases between low and moderate contraction periods, but increases between moderate and high contraction times. Feature promotion is effective only when the contraction is moderate, while the negative effect of display promotion is stable over time.Originality/valueThe paper underlines the moderating role of macroeconomic conditions on the relationship between pricing decisions as well as promotion activity and consumer choice of high-equity cosmetic brands.
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Toshiaki, Yasui. "On the Suicide Exclusion in Japanese Life Insurance". Korean-Japanese Economic and Management Association 100 (31 agosto 2023): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.46396/kjem..100.1.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose: This study examined suicide risk associated with life insurance in Japan. As paying insurance against the risk of suicide may lead to suicide, we present countermeasures.
Research design, data, and methodology: This study examines why suicide is exempt and why insurance pays for suicides by reviewing the literature.
Results: The study indicates that to prevent suicide, suicide should be completely exempt from liability for corporate insurance in which the company is a policyholder.
Implications: Life Insurers in Japan do not distinguish between cases in which the policyholder is a company or household. In the future, it will be necessary to distinguish between suicide treatment and life insurance.
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Memevegni Grace Floriane Chidikofan, Djonoumawou, Gatienne Lea Yatakpo, Melhyas Kple, Guevara Nonviho e Boco Jacques Adjakpa. "PERFORMANCE AND CHALLENGES OF CURRENT HOUSEHOLD SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM IN ABOMEY-CALAVI DISTRICT IN BENIN". International Journal of Advanced Research 11, n. 10 (31 ottobre 2023): 27–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/17675.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Since 2020, the Beninese government has been experimenting with anewhouseholdsolidwastemanagementsysteminfivemunicipalitiesinsouthernBenin.Thepresentstudyaimstoassesstheperformanceofthiscurrent management system in the central district of Abomey-Calavi. Asurveywith236householdsandstakeholders,acharacterizationofsolidwasteaccordingtohouseholdstandingandseasons,andSWOTanalysiswerecarriedout.Theresultsshowthatthenoveltyofthecurrentmanagementsystemliesinthestructuringoftheinterventionandresponsibilities of the various actors. The coordination of the system istheentireresponsibilityofanewactor,theSGDS(WasteandSanitationManagement Company). At total, 23505 tons of waste are pre-collectedin 2022, representing 80% of pre-collection rate. However, the recoveryrateisverylow.Itwasconcludedthatthecurrentsolidwastemanagement system is neither optimal nor sustainable again. Public–private–governmentpartnershipandcollaborationwithhouseholdsdeservestobereinforced.Aformalizedpolicyofoptimalwasterecoveryforeachcomponentalsodeservestobedeveloped.Thisresultscanserveasanefficientdecision-makingtool.
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Nagata, Hanako. "Female Workers’ Skills, Wages, and Householding in Bangladesh’s Readymade Garment Industry: The Case of a Japanese Multinational Company". Journal of Interdisciplinary Economics 32, n. 1 (4 dicembre 2019): 47–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0260107919875571.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The economic relationship between Japan and Bangladesh has grown stronger since the global financial crisis of 2008, with Bangladesh being identified as ‘China plus one’ by the Japanese companies. These companies have accordingly begun transferring the capital from China to Bangladesh to avoid political and social risks in China. This article examines the skills, wages, and householding of female Bangladeshi readymade garment workers, focussing on a Japanese multinational company’s international transfers and business activities in Bangladesh since the global financial crisis. This study yielded three main findings. First, it identified the structure of the division of labour involved in the production of pairs of short pants exported to Japan. Second, it compared 20 female operators’ wage assessments to those of the overall labour force, based on their skills and experience, and pointed out ambiguous and unfounded issues caused by the gender-asymmetrical workforce deployment of Bangladeshi factories. This gender-asymmetrical system is responsible for Bangladeshi female workers’ low wages. Finally, despite their low wages, the analyzed Bangladeshi women were found to share multiple household reproduction costs through remittances and perform most of the housework and care work in the household. JEL: B54, F23, F66, O53
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Chaves, Camila dos Santos, Juliana Teruel Camargo, Renata Puppin Zandonadi, Eduardo Yoshio Nakano e Verônica Cortez Ginani. "Nutrition Literacy Level in Bank Employees: The Case of a Large Brazilian Company". Nutrients 15, n. 10 (18 maggio 2023): 2360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu15102360.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Nutrition Literacy (NL) positively impacts diet quality and has the potential to promote health and prevent nutrition-related chronic diseases. Brazil is one of the countries with the highest rates of nutrition-related chronic diseases. Nevertheless, in Brazil, few studies have explored the NL levels of its population. To provide remote access to the Nutrition Literacy Assessment Instrument for Brazilians (NLit-Br) and assess Brazilian bank employees, we conducted a study to estimate the validity of the NLit-Br online and to investigate whether bank employees have an adequate NL level. In the first step, we randomly assigned 21 employees from three financial institution branches to two groups to complete NLit-Br paper and online versions. After an interval period, both groups completed the NLit-Br with an opposite delivery method (paper vs. online). We compared the validity of the digital and paper versions of the NLit-Br by the Intraclass Correlation Coefficient (ICC), and the reliability by Kuder–Richardson formula 20. Second, we evaluated 1174 bank employees using the NLit-Br online version. We found an excellent absolute agreement (ICC ≥ 0.75) between the paper and online versions. The questionnaire had good internal consistency (KR-20 = 0.64). The sample was characterized as mostly male (61.0%), married/cohabitant (73.8%), and white (69.8%), with high household income (85.2%), and graduated or postgraduate (97.4%). The mean age of the population was 42.1 (SD = 7.6) years. Subjects predominantly had possibly inadequate NL (62.3%). The online NLit-Br total score was significantly associated with gender, age, and household income (p < 0.05). Women and individuals with higher incomes had a higher degree of NL. Subjects over 50 years old had a lower degree of NL. There was no significant association between the NLit-Br score and the participants’ education. The NLit-Br online is a valid instrument to assess NL remotely. The population studied showed a high prevalence of inadequacy of the NL. Therefore, there is a need for targeted actions to improve the NL of bank employees.
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Deuskar, Vishwa Ajit. "A Comparative Study on Cash Flow Statements of Dabur India Ltd. and Godrej Consumer Products Ltd. of India". RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 8, n. 4 (14 aprile 2023): 74–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2023.v08.n04.009.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
It is said that “Cash is king”. Cash flow analysis is the most important elements for the company. It helps to understand how much cash a business generated or used during a specific accounting period. The common statement of cash flow makes a bridge between the income statement and balance sheet by showing how cash moved in and out of the business. The Fast-moving consumer goods industry is growing tremendously. It is the fourth largest sector of nation. It is divided into main three sectors: household and personal care, healthcare and food and beverages. According to recent data Indian FMCG market has reached US dollar 56.8 billion in December 2022. In this research paper the two Indian giant FMCG company i.e., Dabur Indian Limited and Godrej consumer limited has been considered. The analysis of cash flow statement is carried out for five years. It helps to know how company manages its cash inflow and outflow.
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Bermejo-Martín, Gustavo, Carlos Rodríguez-Monroy e Yilsy M. Núñez-Guerrero. "Design Thinking for Urban Water Sustainability in Huelva’s Households: Needfinding and Synthesis through Statistic Clustering". Sustainability 12, n. 21 (4 novembre 2020): 9163. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12219163.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This article shows the numerical results and the analysis of households’ degree of knowledge about the urban water cycle, needs, and values regarding water in an intermediary city with low water stress, such as Huelva (Andalusia, Spain). Results are also presented regarding how households maintain the acceptance of reclaimed water and new technologies to achieve more efficient and sustainable consumption. Surveys were sent to households, and different statistical analysis techniques were applied. The use of clustering as a mathematical tool has served to obtain three clusters of households with similar characteristics with respect to the previous factors. The first cluster corresponded to households with high knowledge of the integral water cycle and positive attitude to smart devices at home. The second cluster showed low knowledge of the integral water cycle and high sensitivity to price. The third one had average knowledge and predisposition to have a closer relationship with the water company. This classification allows implementing different water demand management strategies tailored to each cluster. Applying a Design Thinking methodology, a web-based prototype has been designed as an ICT tool concerning households. The goal is to achieve greater engagement of households concerning water and align citizens with their city’s sustainability.
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Bai, Suyoun, e Byung Soo Kim. "A Study on the Characteristics of Japanese Household Goods Design through the Idea of a Japanese Humor, “Golgye(滑稽,こっけい)”: Focusing on Nendo Products". Korea Institute of Design Research Society 8, n. 3 (30 settembre 2023): 102–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.46248/kidrs.2023.3.102.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Household goods have taken up a large part in daily life, including food, clothing, and shelter in modern society, and in Japan, in particular, there are more comical design household items than in Korea. Therefore, this study divided the ‘Golgye(滑稽, Japanese Humor)’ into three types through a literature search on the Japanese humorous expression 'Golgye', and selected Nendo, a Japanese design company that best reveals the characteristics. First, tried to select the range of household goods corresponding to four groups, including stationery, kitchen, home, and miscellaneous goods, excluding home appliances, furniture, space, and visual objects, and conducted prior research on Nendo Design's design philosophy and design method. The purpose was to analyze how each of the three characteristics of Japan's ‘Golgye’ was actually revealed by analyzing a total of 156 cases of their daily product designs. Through the Google Form questionnaire, an online survey was conducted on a total of seven design professors and design practitioners, and the average of the survey responses was organized into tables by year and by three characteristics of the ‘Golgye’ system. As a result of statistics on the collected response data, it was found that Nendo Design applied Japan's ‘Golgye’ characteristics in the order of simplicity, humor, and reversal. This study has significance in that it evenly revealed the three characteristics of Japan's humor ‘Golgye’ in the design of Japanese household goods.
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Guan, Connie Qun, Youjia Wang e Yao Wang. "Grandparenting Role on Math Online Learning in Chinese Multigenerational Households". Sustainability 14, n. 18 (15 settembre 2022): 11551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su141811551.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Under the COVID-19 pandemic, online learning has become m sore frequently used and has carried over cultural characteristics. In China, grandparents exert a great impact on parent–child relationships and on children’s online learning process. This study proposed six models and examined the roles of various Chinese family members (father, mother, grandparents) and their online accompaniment time in promoting preschoolers’ math learning. A total of 3552 participants were recruited to finish online questionnaires about demographics, household adult–child interactions, online company time investment, and math language performance. We found that the relationships between father time investment online and children’s math language performance were mediated by the amount of time that maternal grandparents spent with children on online learning. To contextualize these findings, we discussed the unique Chinese cultural aspects of the grandparent–parent–children relationship during the development of online math language performance in Chinese families.
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Jayakumar, Tulsi. "Corporate social innovation: an Indian moving company drives industry change". Journal of Business Strategy 38, n. 6 (20 novembre 2017): 59–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbs-10-2015-0107.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Purpose This paper aims to understand how emerging economy firms can use the growing emphasis on corporate social responsibility (CSR) and sustainability as an opportunity to drive corporate social innovations (CSIs) so as to create shared value and gain competitive advantage. Design/methodology/approach The paper applies a case study design. Building on in-depth interviews with company officials, document analysis and secondary sources, the paper presents a model of CSIs. Findings The case study presents evidence of how Agarwal Packers and Movers Limited – an Indian family managed business firm operating in the fragmented, unorganized and highly competitive household relocation segment of the Indian logistics industry – used socio-environmental sustainability challenges to drive CSIs. These innovations helped it to differentiate itself from competitors and gain competitive advantage, while creating shared value simultaneously. Practical implications Indian firms have been lagging behind on both sustainability/CSR and innovations. Driven by domestic regulatory requirements, as also the need to compete in a globalizing economy, emerging economy firms may strategize to integrate their sustainability agenda with innovations to influence both organizational and societal outcomes. Originality/value Firm innovations, even in advanced countries, have been driven by market triggers, with ideas internal to the firm. The paper contributes to the limited research on innovations in emerging economy firms and shows how they may “leapfrog” their growth pathways by systematically integrating their sustainability agenda with innovation activities.