Tesi sul tema "Horizons"

Issue 2 -- Contents -- Fall 2007 -- Introduction -- (pg. 2) -- WELLSPRINGS -- The Cause for the Beatification of the Servant of God Claude-François Poullart Des Places -- Jean Savoie, C.S.Sp. -- (pg. 3) -- Freedom and Independence -- Christy Burke, C.S.Sp. -- (pg. 11) -- François Libermann and his Family -- Arsène Aubert, C.S.Sp. -- (pg. 19) -- Lao Tzu and Francis Libermann on Living the Mystery -- Binh The Quach, C.S.Sp. -- (pg. 37) -- SOUNDINGS -- Inculturation and the Spiritan Charism -- Elochukwu E. Uzukwu, C.S.Sp. -- (pg. 50) -- “Third Church” Mission in the “First World” -- James Chukwuma Okoye, C.S.Sp. -- (pg. 63) -- Constructing a Spiritan Spirituality of Justice, Peace, and the Integrity of Creation -- John Kilcrann, C.S.Sp. -- (pg. 71) -- EDUCATION -- The Spirit and Teaching -- William Thompson-Uberuaga -- (pg. 79) -- The Mission and Identity of Spiritan Schools in Ireland -- Thomas M. Farrelly, C.S.Sp. -- (pg. 94) -- LIVED EXPERIENCE -- On the Royal Road -- Considerations on Lay Spiritan Identity and Mission -- Ann-Marie and Peter Fell -- (pg. 100) -- Youth Evangelizing Youth- The Spiritan Charism in Brazil -- José Altevir da Silva, C.S.Sp. -- (pg. 109) -- From Mozambican Refugee to a Spiritan Missionary -- João Luis Dimba, C.S.Sp. -- (pg. 114) -- POEM -- Lake Mollyalup -- Maxime Fumagalli -- (pg. 119)

Issue 4 -- Contents -- FALL 2009 -- (pg. 2) -- Introduction -- WELLSPRINGS -- (pg. 3) -- What can we Learn from Poullart des Places in 2009? -- Eamonn Mulcahy, C.S.Sp. -- (pg. 13) -- Origins of the Spiritan Consecration to the Holy Spirit on May 27, 1703 -- Christian de Mare, C.S.Sp. -- (pg. 23) -- Poullart des Places and the Reform of the Clergy -- Adélio Torres Neiva, C.S.Sp. -- SOUNDINGS -- (pg. 35) -- Wealth, Poverty, and Vocation in the Life and Times of Claude-François Poullart des Places -- Jotham Parsons, Ph.D. -- (pg. 51) -- Evangelization of Slaves: A Moral Misstep? -- Paul Kollman, CSC -- (pg. 66) -- Spiritan Mission to South-East Asia – Ten Years On -- Brian McLaughlin, C.S.Sp. -- EDUCATION -- (pg. 77) -- Evaluating the Ethos in Our Spiritan Schools and Colleges -- Cormac O’Brolchain, C.S.Sp. -- (pg. 84) -- Attentive Listening and Respectful Intervention The SERVOL Story -- Sister Ruth Montrichard, SJC -- (pg. 91) -- Moments of Revelation on the Spiritan Journey -- Fintan Sheerin -- LIVED EXPERIENCE -- (pg. 102) -- Spiritan Mission in the Context of South Africa -- Sylvester Kansimbi, C.S.Sp. -- (pg. 110) -- Creole Mission in the Footsteps of Blessed Jacques Desire Laval -- Jocelyn Gregoire, C.S.Sp.

ISSUE 5 -- Contents -- FALL 2010 -- (pg. 2) -- Introduction -- WELLSPRINGS -- (pg. 3) -- Libermann in Conflict with the Authorities -- Arsène Aubert, C.S.Sp. -- (pg. 19) -- A Merger, an Attempted Takeover...Turning Points in the Spiritan Story -- Michael Kilkenny, C.S.Sp. -- (pg. 34) -- Joachim Alves Correia, C.S.Sp., -- Champion of the Poor on Three Continents -- Adélio Torres Neiva, C.S.Sp. -- SOUNDINGS -- (pg. 45) -- Spiritans and Inter-Religious Dialogue with Particular Emphasis on Spiritans and Islam -- Mgr. Augustine Shao -- (pg. 58) -- Into Africa -- Christopher Duncan -- EDUCATION -- (pg. 69) -- Duquesne University of the Holy Spirit -- Charles Dougherty -- (pg. 80) -- Creating a Spiritan Library -- Laverna Saunders & Robert Behary -- (pg. 92) -- "The Heart and Soul of the Multitude of Believers was One." The Acts of the Apostles and the Spiritan Motto -- (pg. 92) -- Séan Kealy, C.S.Sp. -- LIVED EXPERIENCE -- (pg. 104) -- Human Rights — A Simmering Pot -- Edward Flynn, C.S.Sp. -- (pg. 113) -- The Intentions of Venerable -- Francis Libermann -- Luke Mbefo, C.S.Sp.

Issue 6 -- Fall 2011 -- Contents -- Introduction -- (pg. 3) -- Wellsprings -- Francis Libermann's Trust In Providence -- Christian de Mare, C.S.Sp. -- (pg. 5) -- Bagamoyo and the Spiritans -- Florentine Mallya, C.S.Sp. -- (pg. 5) -- To Pray Continually and Not Lose Heart -- John O'Brien, C.S.Sp. -- (pg. 25) -- Soundings -- Existential Civility: Leaning Forward into the Rapids -- Ronald Arnett -- (pg. 39) -- Freedom (Poem) -- Desmond Egan -- (pg. 49) -- Legal Pluralism and Shari'ah Law -- Susan Hascall -- (pg. 51) -- Education -- Duquesne Law School 1911 -- 2011 -- Ken Gormley -- The Potential of Nonformal Education for Spiritan Mission -- George Boran, C.S.Sp. -- (pg. 75) -- Lived Experience -- Spiritan Now -- Pierre Jubinville, C.S.Sp. -- (pg. 87) -- That Elusive "Something" -- Adam Wasilko -- (pg. 91)

ISSUE 1 -- Contents -- FALL 2006 -- Introduction-- (pg. 2) -- WELLSPRINGS -- (pg. 3) -- Claude Poullart Des Places -- How a young man became a founder -- Jean Savoie, C.S.Sp. -- (pg. 3) -- The Spirituality of Francis Libermann: A Man Beyond His Time -- David L. Smith, C.S.Sp. -- (pg. 11) -- Prayer for Busy People -- Some insights and advice from Francis Libermann -- John Fogarty, C.S.Sp. -- (pg. 23) -- Practical Union and the Crestfallen God -- Bernard Kelly, C.S.Sp. -- SOUNDINGS -- (pg. 29) -- Root, Shoot, and Fruit: From Missio Dei to Mission Today -- Anthony J. Gittins, C.S.Sp. -- (pg. 32) -- Re-Inventing the Spiritan Charism for Contemporary Mission -- Casimir Eke C.S.Sp. -- (pg. 40) -- Good News to the Poor -- A Commentary on Lk 4: 16-30 -- Sean Kealy, C.S.Sp. -- EDUCATION -- (pg. 48) -- A Framework for a Spiritan University -- Janie M. Harden Fritz / John Sawicki, C.S.Sp. -- (pg. 53) -- “I am the vine, you are the branches...” -- Bringing the Spiritan Charism into the Laboratory -- Bruce Beaver -- LIVED EXPERIENCE -- (pg. 69) -- A Journey that Shaped our Lives -- Reflections of a Lay Spiritan -- Gary Warner -- (pg. 76) -- Silence -- Cothrai Gogan, C.S.Sp. -- (pg. 84) -- Spiritan Spirituality -- A Latin-American Perspective -- Pádraig Leonard, C.S.Sp. -- (pg. 85) -- From Brazil to Bolivia -- A Journey of Discovery -- Maria Jesús de Souza -- (pg. 94)

Issue 3 -- Contents -- FALL 2008 -- (pg. 2) -- Introduction -- WELLSPRINGS -- (pg. 3) -- Claude-François Poullart Des Places The Shaping of a Vocation -- Christian de Mare, C.S.Sp. -- (pg. 11) -- Libermann’s Spirituality: A Spirituality of Presence -- David L. Smith, C.S.Sp. -- (pg. 29) -- “Walk in the Shoes of the Semite” -- Donald S. Nesti, C.S.Sp. -- (pg. 37) -- Apostolic Life -- Tony Geoghegan, C.S.Sp. -- SOUNDINGS -- (pg. 50) -- Consecration to the Apostolate -- Cornelius van der Poel, C.S.Sp. -- (pg. 57) -- A New Spring For The Congregation -- Frans Timmermans, C.S.Sp. -- (pg. 69) -- Holy Ghost in the Highlands: The Spiritans on Kilimanjaro, 1892-1953 -- Matthew V. Bender, Ph.D. -- EDUCATION -- (pg. 90) -- Blessed Daniel Brottier–A Born Educator François Nicolas, C.S.Sp. -- (pg. 98) -- “It is the Spirit Who Gives Life” (Jn. 6:63) -- Séan P. Kealy, C.S.Sp. -- LIVED EXPERIENCE -- (pg. 107) -- Keeping the Spiritan Heritage Alive -- Guy Tapin -- (pg. 110) -- Living Out African Vision in Asian Mission -- Chibuike Ojilere, C.S.Sp. -- (pg. 119) -- To a Missionary Who Died at Home -- Cothrai Gogan, C.S.Sp.

This thesis has focused entirely on classical and thermodynamical aspects of black hole physics. We have developed four different projects involving different kinds of black holes. 1 BLACK BRANES IN A BOX Neutral black branes with extended horizons are dynamically unstable to long wavelength perturbations along their horizons; this instability is known as the Gregory-Laflamme instability. In some regimes, the dynamics of black branes can be captured by an effective hydrodynamic description. We have studied the effective hydrodynamics of neutral black branes inside a cylindrical cavity to investigate their dynamic and thermodynamic instabilities. We have used the size of the box as a control parameter for stability (smaller cavities increase rigidity and contribute to the stability of the solutions); we have ob¬served that both instabilities disappear at the same critical value of the cavity radius. We have discussed the Correlated Stability Conjecture, which relates thermodynamic and dynamic instabilities in these objects and we have argued that its correct interpretation is given by the Correlated Hydrodynamic Stability (CHS). The CHS relates the presence of unstable hydrodynamic modes to the local thermodynamic instability; this is transparent in our approach. In the effective fluid description we have computed the specific quantities that characterize the fluid. Finally we have studied the system close to the critical point at which the instability disappears and we have obtained that the wave number that marks the onset of the instability vanishes with a critical behaviour ruled by a critical exponent of 1/2. 2 BLACK STRING FLOW We have constructed an event horizon describing a heat flow, that remains constant in time, between to asymptotic regions at constant temperature. This horizon is the smooth interpolation between the horizon of a black string and a planar acceleration horizon. This was the first exact description of a flowing horizon connecting a stringlike horizon with a planar one (this can also be an infinitely big spherical black hole); the construction is valid for any number of dimensions greater than four. We obtained the horizon generators as well as the exact geometry and we showed that this horizon resembles that of flowing funnels. We computed a surface gravity that approaches on one end, the black string's surface gravity, and on the other, the infinite black hole's surface gravity which is 0. We also computed the expansion associated to the horizon generators and it vanishes in both asymptotic regions; thus reflecting the property that the black string flow horizon interpolates between two asymptotic horizons, each of which is asymptotically in equilibrium at different temperature. This construction shows that stationary black holes with non-killing horizons are possible with non-AdS asymptotics. 3 BUMPY BLACK HOLES We have constructed numerically three new families of stationary black holes with a single angular momentum. These black holes have spherical topology but they differ from the Myers Perry solution (higher dimensional generalisation of Kerr solution) in that the radius of the sphere transverse to rotation varies non-monotonically with the polar angle. We have seen that half of these solutions connect, in the space of solutions, the Myers Perry family with other families featuring non-spherical topology such as the black ring, the black saturn, etc. We found strong evidence for the presence of cones in the horizons of solutions close to the topological transition in solution space. The other half of the solutions spread widely in the rotation plane and develop a singularity along their equator. These probably do not connect to other stationary black hole branches. We have also studied stability properties of all branches. 4 BLACK HOLE MERGER We have described in an exact analytic way the event horizon of a black hole merger in the extreme mass ratio (EMR) limit; we have done it for four and five dimensions. Curiously numerical computation in which the ratio of the masses is large are difficult and not very well studied. We hope our exact result can serve as check/guide for future results in the area. We constructed the event horizon of this dynamical process by computing its null generators. We extracted a number of parameters that characterise the merger. We identified the line of caustics, the critical radius at which both horizons touch, the big horizon relaxation timescale among other things. We showed that our hypersurface describes all possible mergers, in the EMR limit, for which the small black hole is non-rotating. Finally we analysed the instants shortly before and after the pinch-on and found evidence for critical behaviour in the forming of the cusp and in the initial growth of the throat.
Esta tesis está enmarcada en el campo de los agujeros negros. En ella se han realizado cuatro proyectos que involucran diferentes tipos de agujeros negros. 1 BRANAS NEGRAS Hemos estudiado el sistema de una brana dentro de una cavidad cilíndrica con condiciones de Dirichlet para investigar la relación entre las inestabilidades dinámicas y termodinámicas presentes en la brana. Hemos empleado las técnicas de la teoría efectiva de worldvolumes para tiranas; en esta teoría la descripción del sistema (en algunas condiciones) se da a través de variables y ecuaciones hidrodinámicas. Hemos estudiado el cambio de la inestabilidad de Gregory-Laflamme al variar el radio de la caja. Hemos identificado el radio crítico que estabiliza las soluciones y el comportamiento crítico de la inestabilidad en ese punto. 2 AGUJEROS NEGROS QUE FLUYEN Hemos construido un horizonte de sucesos que describe un flujo de calor, constante en el tiempo, entre dos regiones asintóticas a temperatura constante. Este horizonte es la interpolación entre el horizonte de una cuerda negra y un horizonte planar. La cuerda negra tiene cierta temperatura y el horizonte planar, en este caso, está a temperatura cero. La construcción se ha hecho en espacio asintóticamente plano, mostrando así que una constante cosmológica negativa no es estrictamente necesaria para la existencia de agujeros negros estacionarios con que no son de Killing. 3 AGUJEROS NEGROS BUMPY Hemos construido numéricamente tres familias nuevas de agujeros negros estacionarios con un solo momento angular en seis dimensiones. Estos agujeros tienen topología esférica pero el radio de la esfera transversa a la rotación varía de manera no monótona a lo largo del ángulo polar. La mitad de estas soluciones conectan a la familia de Myers Perry con otras de topología no esférica como el anillo negro o el saturno negro, etc. La otra mitad, se extienden mucho en el plano de rotación y acaban por tener una singularidad localizada en el ecuador. 4 FUSIÓN DE AGUJEROS NEGROS Para el caso en que las masas de dos agujeros negros difieran mucho una de la otra hemos mostrado que una descripción analítica del proceso de fusión de dos agujeros negros es posible. Hemos obtenido los rayos de luz que generan el horizonte de sucesos de una colisión de agujeros negros en el límite de razón de masas extremas. Extraemos propiedades importantes y damos una caracterización muy completa del proceso de fusión.

The fieldwork on which this dissertation is based was done in Sri Lanka from 1984 to 1986 when the critique of the of the anthropologist as 'Knower of the Other' was surfacing in the literature (Fabian, 1983, Clifford and Marcus, 1986, Marcus and Fisher 1986). When I returned from the field most works of this genre were generally unknown in Adelaide. However, I began by writing with the insights of Bakhtin who himself had inspired central dimensions of the burgeoning critique of anthropological practice. Like Bakhtin's work, the debates about ethnographic authority continue to invite us to reflect upon the methods employed in the production of any text which claims to define the world of others. It therefore seems appropriate for me to preface this dissertation by highlighting relevant features of the processes which have culminated in this work, Cosmic Horizons and Social Voices. The nature of my fieldwork was distinctive. I did not work in a spatially constrained community. Rather my work was anchored by the work of specialist ritual practitioners, both deity priests and performers. Because the practitioners themselves not only live in dispersed locations but are also highly mobile in relation to the work that they do, my work entailed extensive travel in and between urban centres and rural areas across several provincial divisions. In the course of eighteen months of this kind of fieldwork, I attended in excess of fifty rituals of different types and scale. Over time, I developed personalized networks with more than fifty ritual practitioners privileging me to a broad span of rituals. I worked regularly, and often intimately, with a core of five priests and ten performers to give depth to my understandings. Many of these practitioners appropriated me to themselves at rituals where they publicly announced the purpose of my presence to ritual audiences as being to document Sinhala culture. I was claimed by them as 'our madam' ('ape noona') and as a university lecturer, which they knew very well I was not. This public acknowledgement legitimated my documentation of performances which were, after all, paid for by others. It also had the effect that the sponsors largely treated me as a member of the performing troupe. My growing familiarity with ritual practitioners had the further ramification that some of them insisted that I discuss the meanings of the rituals I documented with those people whom they considered specialists in their field. Soon, therefore, in addition to attending rituals, I spent a great deal of my time entertaining, and being entertained by, ritual specialists with whom I discussed deeper levels of their knowledge and work. In this way, and through my own unique constellation of relationships, I accumulated ritual knowledge, albeit at the theoretical, not practical, level. Some people shared esoteric and valued information with me that they would not disseminate to others with whom they were in competition. This field exercise provided a singular vantage point from which I have interpreted Sinhalese Buddhist ritual practices. While the final selection of rituals interpreted in the dissertation is mine, and represents only aspects of the larger body of knowledge carried collectively by Sri Lanka's ritual practitioners, the interpretations are based not simply on my observations, but on this body of knowledge which was shared with me even as it was constantly discussed, disputed, disseminated and transformed by ritual practitioners. My understandings of the meanings of ritual were consolidated in both quasi-formal and informal social settings, at my home and theirs, with people renowned as ritual experts by their peers. I collected ritual knowledge like ritual practitioners, in bits and pieces from different people. And, like practitioners who publicly acknowledge only one gurunnanse, I acknowledge mine formally, in the public arena of my own world, in the Introduction. There is another dimension of my field experience that I want to mention before discussing how it was metamorphosed by writing. My three children, Grant, Vanessa and Mark accompanied me to Sri Lanka at the ages of 9, 11 and 12 respectively. Their beautiful, inquisitive and effervescent youth attracted many people to us as a family which meant that they became wonderful sources of new friends and colloquial information. Both of the boys were fascinated with the unique rhythms of Sri Lanka's ritual music and dance and before long, they were keen to learn these for themselves. Grant was deeply disappointed that he could not because, like Vanessa, he was committed to his schooling and, even at 12, he was taller than many of the ritual practitioners. Mark was younger and, in any case, of a much smaller build so he became a pupil of Elaris Weerasingha, a ritual practitioner with international fame, who became my husband. Mark left school to work with Elaris and his sons, often at rituals other than those I attended. With Elaris as his gurunnanse, Mark made his ritual debut just as novice Sinhala performers do. The Sri Lankan press discovered this unique cross-cultural relationship in late December 1986 just as we were preparing to return to Australia. Memorable photographs appeared in both English language and Sinhala papers accompanied by full-page stories praising Elaris for his teaching and acclaiming Mark for proficiency in dance and fluency in Sinhala language and verse. We were delighted. Mark and Elaris continued to perform together in Adelaide at the Festival of Arts, on television and at multicultural art shows before Elaris returned to Sri Lanka to live for family reasons early in 1988. I remember Elaris for both the joy of our union and the pain of our parting. I want to thank him here for sharing his culture with us and especially for the way he supported me to believe in my understandings of the rituals he knew so well. I transcribed my field experience with the help of Bakhtinian insights. The rituals I studied are analysed for their performative value under the heading Cosmic Horizons with faithful reference to what their producers, including Elaris, consider to be one of their most important dimensions if they are to be efficacious; where and when they should occur. I call these facets of ritual their time-space co-ordinates and I employ Bakhtin's conception of the chronotype, in conjunction with practitioner's naming practices, to give them the analytical emphasis they deserve. Using elaborations of ritual meanings articulated to me by ritual specialists and colloquial understandings of words rather than their linguistic etymologies, I variously explore the chronotopic dimensions of the names of supernatural. beings, myths, ritual boundaries and segments to render explicit those unifying symbolic dimensions of a ritual corpus which would otherwise remain implicit to all except ritual practitioners. In particular, the Bakhtinian conceptions I use to analyse ritual serve to reveal and crystallize an integral relationship between the time-space co-ordinates inherent in ritual performance and the oscillations of the sun, moon and earth. Part 1 is my synthesis but it is based on the time-space co-ordinates of ritual; it is deliberately constructionist but it elaborates what I learned from ritual practitioners in the ways I have described. Part 2 is deconstructionist, it is an attempt to represent rituals as events with complex and indirect discursive reference to the elegant symbolic dimensions of the ritual performances themselves. As its title, Social Voices, suggests, Part 2 of the thesis privileges discourse about ritual - by ritual practitioners, ritual sponsors, Buddhist monks, the media and scholars - above the structural symmetry or chronotopic logic of the ritual corpus. It is in this domain, just to offer one example, that religion (agama) is distinguished from culture (sanskruthaiya) and exploited to make value judgements about people's participation in orthodox or unorthodox ritual practices, a judgement which is a possibility of the comic horizons constituted in ritual but which is not, as I argue, determined by them. This dissertation is ultimately an attempt to represent, in written form, fragments of an-Other world through a prosaic Bakhtinian focus on the way particular people named and talked about that world to me. Although I chose not to identify individuals in the text for personal reasons, my methodology is purposeful, giving value to Sinhalese performative ritual as the product of specialist knowledge. And, in keeping with the new imperatives for writing ethnography, this preface describing my field experience is intended to make explicit the way the dissertation explores its foundation in relationships between Self and Other, Observer and Observed, without abrogating the responsibility of authorship. Not pretending to be the voice of the Other, Cosmic Horizons and Social Voices is my voice, echoing the voice of Sri Lanka as it spoke to me.
Thesis (Ph.D.)--School of Social Sciences, 1990.

This thesis investigates the merging of horizons which occurs when a black hole crosses a cosmological horizon. We study the simplest spacetime which has both a black hole and cosmological horizon, namely Schwarzschild-deSitter (SdS) spacetime. First we develop a new coordinate system for SdS spacetime, which allows us to properly illustrate and analyze the merging of horizons. We then use a combination of numerical and analytical methods to study the structure of the merging horizons, including the null generators which make up the horizon, as well as the presence of caustic points on the horizon. We find an analytical formula for the location in spacetime where the black hole and cosmological horizon first touch. Next we study the area of the horizons. Using numerical methods, we find several intriguing results regarding the behavior of horizon area on time, and in the limit of small black hole mass. The first result is that the time at which the black hole first touches the cosmological horizon is also the time at which the rate of horizon area increase is maximal. The second and third results concern the horizon area in the limit of small black hole mass. The second result is that in this limit, all of the increase in horizon area occurs prior to horizon merger. The third and final result is that in the limit of small black hole mass, the increase in horizon area can be thought of as being due in equal parts to two effects: to the joining of new generators not previously on the horizon, and the expansion of generators on the horizon for all times. The first and third results just mentioned are both corroborated using analytical techniques. Finally, we conclude by discussing how the study of merging horizons in this thesis is a valuable first step to undertaking a similar study of the horizons which occur in merging black hole binaries.
Science, Faculty of
Physics and Astronomy, Department of
Graduate

Developing a new spatial model for generating poetic intelligence in response to the already constructed and degrading landscape. The thesis has a simple inquiry: what innovative architectural spatial models can be developed within, or in response to, the townships and degraded land located along the Perth-Kalgoorlie water pipeline in Western Australia, to help instigate a new poetic intelligence when considering architectural making that has a direct relationship with the landscape that it exists within? The thesis begins and ends with a triad relationship between human perception, architectural idea making, and landscape: it begins with observation, engagement and recording and ends with a generative proposition. The thesis articulates how the complexities of a defined site can be recorded and modelled to bind disparate elements into being and therefore model more accurately the wholeness of perception that often drives architectural thinking. Commencing with the lens provided by the Perth-Kalgoorlie water pipeline, the thesis examines a domain in which architecture, landscape, and human action combine to activate our poetic intelligence. The thesis shows that we feel what we think we see, the visible power of man in nature and, the relentlessness of a middle distance that has been constructed around us. Through critical reflection a tremoring occurs, causing powerful new imaginings. The research attempts to visualise the new landscape and show that we help to degrade what we treasure. This moment or realisation can be framed as an aesthetic moment that causes us to think again. The research, formulated as a progressive, heightening of experience, leads the observer from Rambler's Gallery through commonplace territory pointing out observations along the way and then ultimately winds these commonplace observations together to construct a new presentation of the commonplace. The final exhibition announces a new spatial model for generating poetic intelligence in response to the already developed and degrading landscape. The exhibition creates a Speed_Space that posits and tests the essential theme of the research; it is an act of invention that creates new knowledge (the poetic intelligence). The common link between architecture and landscape in this thesis is that both are understood to have been significantly constructed by the human subject and, that this constructed landscape is a finite system and is all that we have. This thesis, through the evidence embodied in SPEED_SPACE offers a mechanism to demonstrate what gaining architectural experience is like; uncoiling into the world, observing, weakening, moving at the limit and then coiling up moments of experience, knowledge and perception to create a force of the imagination that generates new poetic intelligence as a result being in 'that' world. The new spatial model shows architectural experience, in response to the already constructed and degrading landscape, to be more like a self-made constellation acting as a force of imagination rather than a sequence of facts collected together.

Thesis (M.C.P.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies, 1987.
Title as it appeared in M.I.T. Graduate List June 1987: Horizon House--an analysis of transitional housing.
Bibliography: leaf 103.
by Naomi E. Guth.
M.C.P.

In this thesis we present a new aspect pertaining to the effective field theory of general relativity in the limit of a large number D of dimensions. We demonstrate that the theory initially developed to capture the physics of asymptotically flat branes also contains a new family of localized solutions that can be identified with higher dimensional black holes such as the Schwarzschild-Thangerlini or the Myers-Perry black holes in the limit of a large number of spacetime dimensions. Using this technique we have explored several new aspects of these black hole solutions. We show that the effective large D equations for the asymptotically flat brane also contain an analytic solution that is a gaussian blob (with the same topology as the flat membrane). The blob actually corresponds to a magnification of the geometry near the cap (north-pole) of the black hole. We calculate their (slow) quasi-normal spectrum, which captures the stability of Schwarzschild black holes and also the instability of ultraspinning Myers-Perry black holes. Additionally we find novel class of rotating black bar solutions, that appear as stationary objects in the effective theory since they can not radiate gravitational waves which are decoupled from the effective theory. We describe a method that allows to construct (Maxwell) charged solutions form every non- charged solution that the large D theory contains. Using this method we construct charged and rotating black holes in the Einstein-Maxwell theory. Furthermore we explore the solutions that branch of from the (ultra-spinning) Myers-Perry (MP) black hole and the non-linear extensions of the zero-modes of the analytically known black bar. We study the evolution of higher dimensional black hole collisions by solving numerically the effective equations of motion. We demonstrate that in these collisions it is possible to form black holes with elongated horizons such as black bars and dumbbells. At high enough angular momentum the black bars and dumbbells can be so elongated that they are susceptible to a Greggory-Laflamme type instability, that leads to the a pinch off of the horizon towards a naked singularity. Accordingly this demonstrates a novel example of a violation of weak cosmic censorship in the quintessential process of general relativity: the collision of black holes. Furthermore we study the evolution and decay of ultraspinning MP black holes, and observe remarkably rich structure in the intermediate states of the decay. Lastly, we study how entropy production and irreversibility appear in the large D effective theory. With this tool we study how black hole entropy is generated in several highly dynamical processes, such as the fusion of black holes and the fission of unstable solutions into multiple black holes. We find the black hole fusion is highly irreversible, while fission which follows the decay of unstable black strings generates much less entropy. Additionally we describe how in processes that contain fusion and fission the intermediate state is quasi-thermalized.
En esta tesis hemos presentado un nuevo aspecto perteneciente a la teoría efectiva de la relatividad general en el límite de un gran número de dimensiones. Hemos demostrado que la teoría desarrollada inicialmente para capturar la física de las branas asintóticamente planas también contiene una nueva familia de soluciones localizadas que pueden ser identificadas con agujeros negros de dimensiones más altas como los agujeros negros de Schwarzschild- Thangerlini o de Myers-Perry en el límite de gran D. Usando esta técnica hemos explorado varios aspectos nuevos de dichos agujeros negros. Encontramos una nueva clase de soluciones de barras negras giratorias, que aparecen como objetos estacionarios en la teoría efectiva Describimos un método que permite construir soluciones cargadas a partir de cada solución no cargada. Usando este método construimos agujeros negros cargados y giratorios en la teoría de Einstein-Maxwell. Estudiamos la evolución de las colisiones de agujeros negros en dimensiones superiores usando las ecuaciones efectivas. Demostramos que en estas colisiones es posible formar agujeros negros con horizontes alargados como barras negras o con forma de mancuernas. Con un momento angular lo suficientemente alto, las barras negras pueden ser tan alargadas que son susceptibles a una inestabilidad tipo Greggory-Laflamme, que lleva a una rotura del horizonte y a una singularidad desnuda. Por consiguiente, esto demuestra un ejemplo novedoso de una violación de la hipótesis de 'cosmic censorship' (censura cósmica). Además estudiamos la evolución y el decaimiento de los agujeros negros MP ultraspinning, y observamos una estructura notablemente rica en los estados intermedios del decaimiento.

This work investigates how black holes can be described in terms of different definitions of horizons. Global definitions in terms of event horizons and Killing horizons are contrasted with local definitions in terms of trapping horizons and dynamical horizons. The discussion is framed in the context of the laws of black hole thermodynamics.

This thesis attempts to analyse the status of the 16th-century narrative---history, novel, epic---in its historical (instead of 'literary') context. The standard 'poetical' categories have been overlooked in favour of an axiology of 'truth' and 'falsehood' that overshadows all discourse from the end of the 15th to the beginning of the 17th century. Abandoning the traditional avenues of poetics (appraisal, classification, definition), this thesis studies writing and human invention in their relation to the presence or evocation of a transcendental divinity.
Christianity establishes a permanent break with both idolatrous paganism and iconoclastic Judaism so as to impose a new 'iconophile' relation to art: icons and poetical figures will be valued insofar as they constitute an evocation of the divine otherness and transcendence. Christianity encourages, within parameters rigourously established (by Tertullian, Augustine and Alain de Lille, among others) the writing of new texts dedicated to the enlightenment of faithfuls and of new Christians, as well as to the defense of faith against heresy and to the formation of clergymen. This thesis argues that medieval and many Renaissance narratives were written in this Christian perspective.
In the beginning of the 16th century, the monarchy increasingly favoured the emancipation of a learned institution that would rival the ecclesiastical university, a learned institution that would also seek to redefine the foundations of Christian faith and, in so doing, provide the king with powerful ideological weapons. The narrative---be it historical or fabulous---was initially linked to the Christian tradition, which makes of all writing an evocation of divinity. But, progressively, the narrative started to take position against the temporal dominion of the Church in favour of a power at once monarchistic and Christian (such is for instance the perspective of Dante Alighieri).
The scope of this thesis is thus twofold. On one hand, it argues that the 16th-century narrative cannot be apprehended within the parameters of our modern literary institution. That is, a text is never conceived as an imitation of reality possessing an independent status and constituting an end in itself, as will be established by the analysis of French narratives and paratextual commentaries from the 16th century (including the Illustrations de Gaule et singularites de Troyes by Jean Lemaire de Belges, the narratives of Rabelais, Helisenne de Crenne and Herberay des Essarts, and the epic poems of Ronsard and d'Aubigne). On the other hand, it studies the 'other,' historically predominant, cultural institution. In other words, it studies the absence of a 'literary' outlook as such (and therefore the absence of labelled genres such as 'the Novel', 'the Epic'), and the predominance of Christian thought in the establishment of a new secular (that is non ecclesiastical) cultural institution.

This thesis is devoted to the study of geometric aspects of black holes and integrable structures in string theory. In the first part, symmetries of the horizon and its bulk extension will be investigated. We investigate the horizon conjecture beyond the supergravity approximation, by considering alpha prime corrections of heterotic supergravity in perturbation theory, and show that standard global techniques can no longer be applied. A sufficient condition to establish the horizon conjecture will be identified. As a consequence of our analysis, we find a no-go theorem for AdS2 backgrounds in heterotic theory. The bulk extension of a prescribed near-horizon geometry will then be considered in various theories. The horizon fields will be expanded at first order in the radial coordinate. The moduli space of radial deformations will be proved to be finite dimensional, by showing that the moduli must satisfy elliptic PDEs. In the second part, geometric aspects and spectral properties of integrable anti-de Sitter backgrounds will be discussed. We formulate a Bethe ansatz in AdS2 x S2 x T6 type IIB superstring, overcoming the problem of the lack of pseudo-vacuum state affecting this background. In AdS3 x S3 x T4 type IIB superstring, we show that the S-matrix is annihilated by the boost generator of the q-deformed Poincarè superalgebra, and interpret this condition as a parallel equation for the S-matrix with respect to a connection on a fibre bundle. This hints that the algebraic problem associated with the scattering process can be geometrically rewritten. This allows us to propose a Universal S-matrix.

In the early 1990's, I argued that the real issues, those at the crux of tourism impact problems, were not being addressed - pertinent questions ignored amidst the blossoming euphoria of green rhetoric. A process emerged in tourism development whereby ego-enhancing, politically correct sound bites drowned out the voice of reason, namely common sense. Wonderfully self-satisfying, this proved a smug and timely convenience as politicians, planners, 'travellers' and increasingly (even) many tourism academics appeared to see problems without answers as an anathema. There must either be 'answers' irrespective of their practical effectiveness or a process be enthusiastically embraced whereby difficult questions are eliminated, or dismissed to the realms of the nihilistic fringe. Enter eco/ego/sustainable tourism. Scoring heavily on both counts, dovetailing nicely into the milieu of deceit while simultaneously reinforcing the required veneer of respectable positivism, it enabled the mundane, but crucial (and I argue intractable) questions to be systematically and deliberately sidestepped. Fifteen years on, little has changed. The futility of sustainable tourism is around us for all to see - should we choose, or care, to look. But, even now, we cannot face up to seeing it for what it is. Or, actually, what it isn't. The canard continues. Focussing on eco/ego/sustainable tourism, the thesis presents selected published works reflecting the nexus of my thinking on - and contribution to - the body of learning. It is a subjective, emotive perspective, with the emphasis on 'the personal'. And the eclectic. Concomitantly, the author advocates the use of 'visual' imagery, much in evidence in the publications, to fire imagination. The works seek to illustrate the manner in which empirical observation, experience and theory are all interwoven. Consequently, it is not just a matter of content, but of process: the means of illuminating and conveying ideas, and of teaching, are also explored. The essence of the argument presented in the thesis is that the void, the chasm between theory and practice, between what (perhaps) 'should be' and what actually 'is', cannot be bridged. The sheer number of tourists travelling, the absolute volume involved, combined with widespread corruption and the increasing adoption (universally?) of a 'what's in it for me, now' mentality, together negate any 'sustainable' efforts of redemption. My cynical views of eco/ego/sustainable tourism have not mellowed over the years. On the contrary, they have hardened as, alarmed, I have become increasingly pessimistic in (the dismal) light of the burgeoning optimism of others as to the potential, always potential, of sustainability. Dream on. The counter plea here, then - in ever more stringent tones - is that of the necessity to contextualise eco/ego/sustainable tourism within reality - to exit fantasy land. I, too, can dream, can't I?

Dans divers quartiers populaires de la région parisienne, on trouve de ces marchés informels, dont les marchands, les biffins, vendent des objets usagés récupérés dans les poubelles. C'est l'un d'entre eux qu constitue le terrain de cette enquête, au nord de Paris, et dont certains des marchands, au début des années 2000, se sont mobilisés contre leur empêchement par les autorités et pour la légalisation de leur activité. Avec comme objet les résistances populaires, ce travail s'ouvre sur un étonnement : comment, vu leurs conditions d'extrême précarité, avaient-ils pu trouver les moyens de se mobiliser ? Mais, bientôt, la question se déplace. À leur contact et au contact d'autres des biffins du marché, je réalise la force, a priori insoupçonnée, qui les habite en réalité. Et la question devient : qu'est-ce qui était là, en eux, déjà, au quotidien, avant la mobilisation, et dont elle avait eu besoin pour advenir ? Le quotidien fait voir à quel point, loin de s'y résigner, ils font de leur condition un défi à relever. Et de la lutte ouverte au combat quotidien, l'objet s'ouvre : les résistances, leurs objets, leurs formes et leurs visées. Le regard se porte sur ces multiples façons dont ils ont, au jour le jour, de lutter contre la puissance des déterminations matérielles et contre celle des stigmates qui, toutes deux, menacent de les amoindrir dans leur humanité. Au marché, en particulier, l'économie de la biffe devient le lieu d'un combat pour la vie, matérielle et symbolique, à la fois pour tenir et pour devenir, un combat, comme ils disent, pour « s'en sortir », qui appelle à changer la vie. La récupération qui laisse place au hasard que le marché du travail leur a toujours refusé, le pied d'égalité de l'échange marchand qui les arrache aux assistances, publiques et privées, la place du marché, lieu d'interconnaissance, qui les laissent apparaître dans leur singularité, et le marché lieu du rire et de la parodie qui renverse, un instant, l'ordre inégal existant, autant de manières, parmi d'autres, dont ils ont de poursuivre les horizons d'égalité qui guident leur action. Des horizons jamais atteints - c'est le propre de l'horizon - mais toujours poursuivis, sur la route desquels des effets sont produits, et qui, parfois touchés du doigt, laissent entrevoir les espoirs, immenses, qui les animent et qui, de loin, dépassent leur expression publique. Parce qu'on ne dit pas tout à la face du pouvoir et que c'est bien souvent quand ils sont inaudibles que les petites gens disent l€ plus important
In several popular neighbourhoods of the Paris region, there are informai markets where the merchants, the biffins, sell used objects found in trash cans. One of these markets constitute the field of this research, in the north of Paris, where some of the merchants, in the early 2000s, mobilized against the restraints put upon them by the authorities and sought to legalize their activity. Taking popular resistances as my object of study, this research started from a surprise : taking into account their extremely precarious conditions, how where they able to find the means to mobilize ? This question quickly lead to another. Through my contact with them and other biffins at the same market, I came to realize the strength that actually inhabit them, and I started rather pursuing the following question : what was already there, in them, in everyday life, before the mobilization, and that this mobilization needed in order to happen ? Their everyday lives show how, far from giving up, they make their condition a challenge to be confronted. The object of study is thus opened up between the public mobilization and the daily struggle : the resistances, their objects, their forms and their objectives. I study the multiple ways in which they struggle daily against the difficulties of the material conditions and the stigmas that threaten to diminish their humanity. In the market place in particular, the biffin economy becomes a battle place for material and symbolic life, in order both to manage and to become - a battle, as they say, to « pull through », while projecting a change of life. The recovery of objects that leaves place for the haphazard that the work market has always refused them, the equal footing of the market barter that tears them away from public and private assistance, the market as a place of intertwined knowledges that lets them appear in their singularity, and the market as a place of laughter and of parody that overturns for a moment the existing order of inequality, are so many ways, among others, that they have to pursue horizons of equality guiding their action. Horizons that are never reached - such is the nature of the horizon - but that are nevertheless pursued, and that open routes that produce effects and that bring to light the immense hopes that drive them and that by far exceed their public expression. One does not say everything in face of power and it is often when they are inaudible that the people of modest means say the most important things

The Philosophy of Science is the subject of various methods of analysis, from Kuhn’s paradigms to Hacking’s styles of reasoning. Each of these methods seeks to address the many questions we might pose about the nature of theories and the theorists who shape them. However, there is yet one issue which remains unresolved: the question of how we may best account for persistent disagreements between rival scientific theories in cases where there are no genuine incompatibilities, conceptual or empirical. This thesis offers a novel solution to this problem in the form of a new unit of analysis, the Epistemic Horizon. An Epistemic Horizon is defined by the dialectical relationship between two components: a world-view (weltanschauung) and a set of presuppositions (lichtung) that direct the way individuals investigate the world. The thesis first explores this proposal in a general way. It then turns to an extensive case study involving a persistent disagreement in contemporary evolutionary biology over niche construction. Separate chapters consider the outline of the debate; the historical emergence of the constructionist weltanschauung; the parallel emergence of the constructionist lichtung (and also the competitor lichtung); and how certain metaphors have functioned to catalyze these changes. A further chapter examines two further case studies more briefly, in chemistry and psychology, to illustrate the wider applicability of the Epistemic Horizon approach.

An ontology provides an explicit description of the concepts and relationships within a particular domain. They are used within computer science with the aim of enabling more effective data integration between heterogeneous datasets. The principal goal of ontologies, that of fully automated knowledge interoperability between computers, has y.et to be achieved. Within ontological research, there is no standard approach for ontology development, and one of the main aspects - reuse of existing ontologies, is never fully described or evaluated. At present, ontologies are the forte ofthe logician due to the complex nature ofthe formal logic they are represented in. The increasing variety of domains using ontologies requires the domain expert to have a central role in the ontology development process, something that is rarely recognised within the literature. This research explores two avenues of potential benefit to the ontology development process: the reuse of existing ontologies; and the role ofthe domain expert. This required two new methodologies to be established for building conceptual. ontologies, either from first principles or through recycling components of an existing ontology. Conceptual ontologies provide a concise and less ambiguous representation which is an intermediary between natural language and the complex languages used for formal ontologies. These were used throughout this research as a means of enabling the domain expert to construct ontologies that they are able to understand and verify. A case study based on environmental statutory bodies was used to evaluate whether these methods could successfully be used by a domain expert to construct conceptual ontologies. The results showed that the domain expert was fully capable of building conceptual ontologies and can therefore be placed at the forefront of the ontology development process. The conceptual ontologies can then be transformed into a formal representation by an ontology engineer as required. The recycling aspects were also evalu'ated and it was found that improved efficiency in development will only be achieved when there is there is a good degree of correspondence between the concepts under consideration. There are, however, less tangi.ble benefits associated with recycling since there is more consistency between.the new and recycled ontology, which will improve interoperability between datasets based on these ontologies.

Investigations of American identity in classical Hollywood director Frank Capra's films have almost exclusively relied upon inward-looking approaches to nationalism that attempt to establish what is American by demonstrating similarities with other American reference points (in particular, see Carney 1986). However, as this thesis argues, Capra's construction of national identity was not established within an exclusively national context; his films frequently took an outward-looking approach to nationalism. Seven of Capra's feature films were set (at least in part) outside the United States, his World War 11 orientation films examined America's relationship with both Allied and Axis countries, and even in his fictional films set inside the United States Capra's American characters repeatedly discussed, fantasized about, and interacted with representatives from other nations. Using Capra's recurring engagement with the Far East as a case study-because, as Eric Smoodin contended, "for a director known for his 'American' themes, Capra made more movies about Far Eastern locales than did most other Hollywood directors from the period" (2004: 54)-this thesis interrogates the intersection between authorship and national ideology, raising questions about the boundaries of American culture and American cinema between 1922 and 1961. Using close textual analysis supported by archival research, it investigates shifts in what Capra's America has meant over time, both to Capra and to those who have studied Capra; representations of Asian/Americans in American Madness (1932), Broadway Bill (1934), and Arsenic and Old Lace (1944); the blurred ,Orientalist binary in The Bitter Tea of General Yen (1933); American imperialism in Submarine (1928) and Lost Horizon (1937); ideologies of Asian national identity in The Battle of China (1944) and Know Your Enemy: Japan (1945); and South Sea exoticism in It Happened One Night (1934), It's a Wonderful Life (1946), Hemo the Magnificent (1957), and A Hole in the Head (1959).

We consider the problem of determining which conditions are necessaryfor cobordisms to admit Lorentzian metrics with certain properties. Inparticular, we prove a result originally due to Tipler without a smoothnesshypothesis necessary in the original proof. In doing this, we prove thatcompact horizons in a smooth spacetime satisfying the null energy condition aresmooth. We also prove that the ”generic condition” is indeed generic in the setof Lorentzian metrics on a given manifold

Theoretically grounded in debates surrounding the production of space and mobility in contemporary cultural discourse, this thesis examines the role of film in these deterritorialised landscapes of theory and practice, in particular the shift from place-based geographies of travel and film to those of 'utopic' displacement. Focussed primarily on examples from contemporary European film, the thesis also considers the broader geo- historical contexts underpinning travel and filmic practices: for example, cinema's nascent links with the democratisation of travel and the construction of a touristic 'mobile virtual gaze' . In so far as these and other examples of 'travel film' can be said to discursively centre the 'voyager-voyeur' in geographies of home and placement, they invoke an 'Ulyssean gaze' of mythic circularity against which the utopic deterritorialisations of migrancy and transnational space are counterposed. It is these utopic horizons of travel - cinematic mobilities that pose dialectical challenges to hegemonic cartographies of place and space which this thesis sets out to explore. Mapping the utopic gaze in early and 'classic' (e)migrant films, I examine the extent to which the frontiers and horizons of utopic travel, predicated in these examples of spatio-temporal distance, could be said to have collapsed in a spatial conflation of presence and absence. In this analysis ellipses in space and time have increasingly displaced the representational spaces of the journey. Looking at a range of examples from contemporary film, I examine the dialectic between a displaced imaginary of utopic hope and the material non-places of transit, refuge and waiting which dominate these cinematic geographies; dialectic which maps affective spaces of stasis and transition. In the deterritorialised landscapes of postmodernity I argue that it is the agential and embodied mobilities of movement-in-itself - psychogeographic, oblique confrontations with hegemonic space - that constitutes the fullest realisation of the utopic. Far from valorising undialectical tropes of the 'open road' or of the rhizomatic, homeless 'nomad', these peripatetic, embodied mobilities are the product of a dialectic of stasis and transition in which the conflict between abstract and lived spaces of mobility is brought to the fore.

A visualização de horizontes sísmicos constitui uma importante área de conhecimento amplamente aplicada na prospecção de hidrocarbonetos pela indústria do petróleo. Diferentes técnicas são atualmente empregadas na apresentação destas superfícies, sendo usualmente utilizadas as soluções baseadas na geração de malhas poligonais, que se beneficiam da otimização das placas gráficas atuais no desenho de triiângulos. Este trabalho faz uma avaliação do uso da renderização baseada em pontos, no lugar de polígonos, para a visualização de horizontes sísmicos. Para isso as técnicas de cada etapa do processo são avaliadas, levando-se em conta a natureza específica dos dados de interpretação de horizontes em volumes sísmicos e o resultado final esperado para a visualização deste tipo de dados. O algoritmo utilizado baseia-se no método conhecido como Surface Splatting para a renderização dos pontos originais, sendo estudados a estruturação apropriada para os dados a serem visualizados, a técnica para obtenção de normais, a abordagem adequada para o cálculo da iluminação e mecanismos adicionais necessários ao processo. Resultados da aplicação do método em dados reais são, ao final do trabalho, analisados e comparados à renderização tradicional para os horizontes avaliados.
Seismic horizon visualization stands as an important knowledge area used to support exploration on the oil industry. Different techniques currently employed to render this kind of surfaces are usually based on polygonal meshes generation, which benefits from graphics boards optimization on drawing triangles. This work is an evaluation of Point Based rendering techniques to replace polygonal approaches in seismic horizons visualization. To do so, this study revisits each stage of the seismic visualization process. The algorithm adopted here is based on the Surface Splatting with the EWA filter. This work also presents a study on normal evaluation and data structures to store points and normal. Special care is taken in shading techniques. The implementation yielded results that are used to support the evaluation of the Point Based Techniques on real 3D Seismic data. Traditional triangle based rendering is also presented to compare results.

Despite the frequency of use amongst scholars of IR, myth remains largely a term of colloquiality. However, this paper aims to argue that as a distinct temporal and normative structure within discourse, it is a powerful tool for understanding the ways in which narratives give meaning to political phenomena, not just by describing how they are, but how they ought to be. To explain the function of myth, a case study of Kosovo has been conducted. Much scholarly debate on the nature of internationally contested states exists, but we will make the argument that Kosovo is best understood as a being in a state of liminality, due to the conflicting nature of its political structures and foreign intervention. By joining the theory discourse of Laclau and Mouffe, with insights from psychoanalysis we suggest a framework for analysing the distinct nature of political myths. The utopian horizons of myth spell out two antagonistic narratives of sovereignty in Kosovo: one of European integration and market liberalisation, and one of unification with Albania.

A computer simulation model was developed to simulate the impact of irrigating soils containing gypsic horizons on soil water quality and percolated water quality. The model simulates saturated - unsaturated solute movement using the mixing cell approach to simulate dispersion and movement of soluble salts. Dissolution and precipitation of slightly soluble salts and the formation of ion pairs is considered as a function of temperature. Van Genuchten closed form equation is used to find soil water retention function. Finite difference method was applied to Richards equation for moisture movement simulation in the profile. The model predicts the concentration of the major cations and anions in each segment. The regression coefficients of the observed vs. simulated concentration of the major ions were higher than 0.961 in all the three replicates with slopes ranging between 0.717 and 0.940. Running the model at 1 and 41 °C showed significant differences in Ca, SO₄, and HCO₃ concentrations in the percolated water. However, the differences in Cl, Na, and Mg concentrations were not significant. The presence of high Ca and SO₄ concentrations in the irrigation water reduced gypsum solubility in soils containing a layer of gypsum compared with the presence of Mg and Cl in the irrigation water.

Dynamic pricing is a difficult problem for machine learning. The environment is noisy, dynamic and has a measurable cost associated with exploration that necessitates that learning be done in short-time horizons. These short-time horizons force the learning algorithms to make pricing decisions based on scarce data. In this work, various machine learning algorithms are compared in the context of dynamic pricing. These algorithms include the Kalman filter, artificial neural networks, particle swarm optimization and genetic algorithms. The majority of these algorithms have been modified to handle the pricing problem. The results show that these adaptations allow the learning algorithms to handle the noisy dynamic conditions and to learn quickly.

Les prix de marché des actifs risqués sont dictés par les actions des agents économiques qui ont des horizons d'investissement différents: ils ajustent leurs portefeuilles à des fréquences différentes et observent les rendements à différentes échelles. Dans cette thèse, nous examinons trois aspects distincts du problème des horizons multiples d'investissement. En premier lieu, nous étudions les implications théoriques de l'hétérogénéité des horizons de décision des investisseurs pour la dynamique des prix. Cette analyse est effectuée dans le cadre d'une rationalité complète et bornée. Deuxièmement, nous testons la capacité de différents modèles de séries chronologiques de volatilité des prix à représenter les propriétés des rendements boursiers simultanément à différentes échelles de temps. Enfin, nous proposons une méthode de mesure de la volatilité à échelle multiple basée sur des filtres d'ondelettes, avec application à la détection des crises financières.

This qualitative study explores how four teachers interpret the provincial arts education curriculum in their practice. During the 2002-03 school year, I discussed ideas with, and visited the classrooms of, four Elementary Level teachers over a ten-month period. These teachers were employed in a rural school division in Saskatchewan. Each teacher taught in a different school and the four schools were located in three separate communities. All grades at the Elementary Level (grades 1-5) were represented among the four teachers. I explored how these teachers interpreted the arts education curriculum in their practice through examining the "vibrant space" (Aoki, 2000) between the provincial arts education curriculum (i.e., the curriculum-as-plan) and the curriculum that was brought to life by the teachers and their students (i.e., the curriculum-as-lived). In this space, new tentative understanding emerged. To support my examination, I turned to Gadamer's (1975) philosophical hermeneutics and the critical dialogue that surrounds it. In describing the arts education curriculum, I referred to the provincial October 2002 draft of the renewed curriculum and recent research in arts education. For exploring the teachers' ideas and practices, I used individual conversations, classroom visits, group discussion, and materials such as teachers' journal entries, school newsletters, and student art works. Based on the results of this study, I claim that there are at least four conditions that influence these teachers' interpretations of curriculum. These conditions are: the individual contexts that teachers bring to bear on their interpretations of the curriculum, the informal theories shaped by these contexts, the availability of resources which support these theories to different degrees, and the reflective practice of each teacher which raises these informal theories for examination. I contend that, through the illumination of these conditions, possibilities of interpretation increase and teachers' horizons of understanding shift to incorporate these new interpretations. To assist in discovering strategies to illuminate these four conditions, a heuristic is presented in the final chapter of this thesis.
Education, Faculty of
Educational Studies (EDST), Department of
Graduate

Leaving home and setting out to discover self and other is, for certain sections of British youth, a culturally embedded practice. The gap year offers both the mechanisms and legitimation for such journeys, and comes packaged with promises of adventure, discovery, exotic encounters and life changing experiences. However, it also comes situated in a specific history and geography, which, so far, have largely been ignored. This thesis draws together di verse discourses on development, travel and education, and combines this with ethnographic fieldwork with gap year participants in Peru, to offer a critical exploration of the constructed nature of the gap year, locating it both historically and geographically. Enthusiasm for the gap year has been widespread. There has been strong and vocal support from institutions and government alike, all extolling the 'value' of a gap year. To date however, the basis and reasons for this enthusiasm remains largely unexamined. This thesis explores the inspirations for, and the institutionalisation of, the gap year 'industry'. It examines the knowledges of, and relationships with, 'others' that participants produce through international gap year experiences. A critical pedagogical perspective is used to argue that, currently, despite the educational claims made about gap years, there is a failure to engage with the processes involved in knowledge production across space and time. This failure undermines the radical educational possibilities of the gap year. In order to move debates forward, this thesis explores the potential for a pedagogy of the gap year, arguing that any meaningful social agenda or attempt to engage with global awareness necessitates a pedagogy based on social justice.

CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
Neste trabalho apresentamos os aspectos da visualização volumétrica de horizontes em dados sísmicos 3D. Consideramos as abordagens de visualização volumétrica direta e indireta. Na abordagem direta investigamos o problema da seleção de horizontes usando funções de transferência. Apresentamos a técnica de opacidade 2D, que busca aumentar a capacidade de seleção dos horizontes para visualização. Comparamos a utilização dos atributos de fase instantânea, fase ajustada e fase desenrolada como segunda dimensão, enquanto a primeira é a amplitude sísmica. Ainda na abordagem direta, mostramos que o gradiente da amplitude sísmica não aproxima bem os vetores normais nos horizontes sísmicos. Sugerimos o gradiente da fase instantânea como solução para este problema. Na abordagem de visualização volumétrica indireta introduzimos uma modelagem de otimização para o problema de rastreamento de horizontes. Sugerimos um método heurístico baseado em uma estratégia gulosa para encontrar soluções que são boas aproximações para os horizontes mesmo na presença de estruturas geológicas complexas.
This work presents aspects of volume visualization of seismic horizons in 3-D seismic data. We consider both the direct and indirect approaches of volume visualization. In the direct approach we investigate the problem of selecting horizons using transfer functions. We present the 2-D opacity technique, which seeks to increase the ability to select horizons for visualization. We compare the use of instantaneous phase, adjusted phase and unwrapped phase as the second dimension, while seismic amplitude is the first dimension. Also in the direct approach, we show that the seismic amplitude gradient is not a good approximation for the normal vectors in seismic horizons. We suggest the gradient of instantaneous phase as a solution to this problem. In the indirect volume visualization approach we introduce a new optimization model to overcome the seismic horizon tracking problem. We present a heuristic method based on a greedy strategy to find solutions that are good approximations of the horizon of interest, even for complex geological structures.

Thesis advisor: Gabor T. Marth
To help improve the analysis of forward genetic screens, we have developed an efficient and automated pipeline for mutational profiling using our reference guided tools including MOSAIK and FREEBAYES. Studies using next generation sequencing technologies currently employ either reference guided alignment or de novo assembly to analyze the massive amount of short read data produced by second generation sequencing technologies; the far more common approach being reference guided alignment due to the massive computational and sequencing costs associated with de novo assembly. The success of reference guided alignment is dependent on three factors; the accuracy of the reference, the ability of the mapper to correctly place a read, and the degree to which a variant allele differs from the reference. Reference assemblies are not perfect and none are entirely complete. Moreover, read mappers can only map reads in genomic locations that are unique enough to confidently place reads; paralogous sections, such as related gene families, cannot be characterized and are often ignored. Further, variant alleles that drastically alter the subject's DNA, such as insertions or deletions (INDELs), will not map to the reference and are either entirely missed or require further downstream analysis to characterize. Most importantly, reference guided methods are restricted to organisms for which such reference genomes have been assembled. The current alternative, de novo assembly of a genome, is prohibitively expensive for most labs requiring deep read coverage from numerous different library preparations as well as massive computing power. To address the shortcomings of current methods, while eliminating the costs intrinsic to de novo sequence assembly, we developed RUFUS, a novel, completely reference-independent variant discovery tool. RUFUS directly compares raw sequence data from two or more samples and identifies groups of reads unique to one or the other sample. RUFUS has at least the same variant detection sensitivity as mapping methods, with greatly increased specificity for SNPs and INDEL variation events. RUFUS is also capable of extremely sensitive copy number detection, without any restriction on event length. By modeling the underlying k-mer distribution, RUFUS produces a specific copy number spectrum for each individual sample. Applying a Bayesian detection method to detect changes in k-mer content between two samples, RUFUS produces copy number calls that are equally as sensitive as traditional copy number detection methods with far fewer false positives. Our data suggest that RUFUS' reference-free approach to variant discovery is able to substantially improve upon existing variant detection methods: reducing reference biases, reducing false positive variants, and detecting copy number variants with excellent sensitivity and specificity
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2014
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Biology

It has been established in a vast number of financial and econometric literature that financial and macroeconomic variables such as dividend-price ratio and term spread forecast aggregate stock market returns at both short and long horizons in many developed and emerging economies. Using financial ratios and macroeconomic variables, Rapach and Wohar (2006) report in-sample and out-of-sample evidence of predictability of future excess stock returns. However, contrary results are reported in the literature such as Welch and Goyal (2008). It is argued that regressions analysis produced poorly predicted in-sample and out-of-sample results. Following the methodology of Hjalmarsson (2010), I apply the OLS regressions analysis, where aggregate stock market returns are predicted by financial ratios and macroeconomic variables. I conduct the analysis for each of the countries: Australia, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Japan, Norway, Sweden, United Kingdom, and the United States using data from Morgan Sterley Composite Index (MSCI). I find that financial ratios such as dividend-price and earnings-price ratios accept null hypothesis of no predictability of stock returns at short horizons for all the countries except Norway and United States where predictability is evident at 3 months horizons, but there exist predictability at the long horizons. This is a contrary view to what previous literature reported. The overall findings of this thesis suggests that dividend yield, earnings yield, term spread, and short interest rate predict stock returns at long horizons in all the countries with an exception of short interest rate and term spread that fail to forecast stock returns at all the horizons for Denmark. Book-to-market ratio predicts stock returns at short and long horizons in 80% of the countries that are covered in my sample.

The economic crisis has exposed huge flaws in the modern financial system. One of them is connected with compensation practices to the directors of the board in banks. The debatable areas here are as following: compliance of the compensation practices with social expectations and regulation of this sphere in different countries.

Este trabalho tem como objetivo investigar, sob uma perspectiva historiográfica, as ideias linguísticas de Julio Gonçalves Moreira (1854-1911) no que se refere aos conceitos de sintaxe popular do português. Para tanto, fundamentado em pressupostos teórico-metodológicos da História das Ideias Linguísticas, conforme o modelo de Sylvain Auroux (1992, 2008), o trabalho apresenta o horizonte de retrospecção, bem como o horizonte de prospecção relativos à obra e ao filólogo português. Serviu de corpus seus Estudos da Língua Portuguesa, vol I e II, respectivamente publicados em 1907 e 1913. Procurou-se demonstrar que, por hipótese, na concepção de Julio Moreira, a sintaxe popular é uma das formas latinas antigas presentes no português arcaico e conservadas na fala do povo. Para o autor, a língua popular é conservadora porque mantém traços de estágios de língua próximos do latim vulgar. Igualmente, procurou-se demonstrar pela comparação de suas ideias com a de outros autores o quanto Moreira contribuiu para discussões linguísticas de grande importância para a época, tais como os conceitos de analogia e de etimologia popular que aplicou ao estudo do português. Semelhantemente importantes são suas explicações ditas psicológicas para fatos sintáticos, assim como sua análise sobre o uso de certas expressões enfáticas empregadas na frase popular e na conversação de pessoas cultas de seu tempo. Conclui-se, pelos estudos das ideias linguísticas do autor aqui investigado, que sua contribuição principalmente em relação ao estudo da sintaxe popular é de grande relevância para a conformação dos estudos filológicos e linguísticos do português.
This work aims to investigate, from a historiographical perspective, the Linguistic ideas by Julio Gonçalves Moreira (1854-1911) with regard to the concept of popular Portuguese syntax. Therefore, based on theoretical and methodological assumptions of the History of Linguistic Ideas, as the model of Sylvain Auroux (1992, 2008), the study presents Retrospective Horizon, and the Prospective Horizon for the work and Portuguese philologist. He poured his corpus Estudos da Língua Portuguesa, Vol I and II, respectively published in 1907 and 1913. We sought to demonstrate that, by hypothesis, in the design of Julio Moreira, the popular syntax is one of the old Latin forms present in archaic Portuguese and preserved the \"language of the people.\" For the author, the popular language is conservative because it keeps traces of language stages near Vulgar Latin. Also aimed to show by the comparison of ideas as the author contributed to linguistic discussions of great importance for the time, such as the concepts of analogy and folk etymology that applied to the study of Portuguese. Similarly important are their psychological explanations for said syntactic facts, as well as its anticipation analysis on the use of certain expressions of situation not only used in the popular phrase, but also in the conversation of educated people of his time. In conclusion, the studies of linguistic ideas of the author investigated here, your contribution - especially in relation to the study of popular syntax - is of great relevance for the conformation of philosophical and linguistic studies of the Portuguese.

This dissertation consists of an introductory chapter and four papers dealing with financial issues of open economies, which can be in two broad categorizations: 1) exchange rate movements and 2) stock market interdependence. The first paper covers how the exchange rate changes affect the prices of internationally traded goods. With the variables (the price of exports in exporters’ currency and the exchange rate, both of which are in logarithmic form) being cointegrated, a model with both long- and short-run characteristics (the Error Correction Model, ECM) is formulated. By using prices of major exports from South Korea to different destinations over the world, how the markup adjustment of those exports varies with respect to changes in exchange rates is estimated empirically under the context of pricing-to-market (PTM). The second paper relates to the standard macroeconomic models of exchange rate determination. This paper investigates the relationship between the exchange rate and the domestic-foreign interest rate differential. The associated regression model follows the form of earlier literature in testing the effect of the interest rate differential on the exchange rate although the use of wavelet-decomposed levels of the data series distinguishes this paper from the earlier empirical works. A relevant issue associated with the relationship between export prices and exchange rates for different industries is found in the third paper. The responsiveness of firms’ profitability to changes in exchange rates (i.e. exchange rate exposure) is tested using a factor model. Following specifications of the earlier literature on this subject, returns of various industries (or sectors) of the US stock market are regressed on the changes in exchange rates as well as the excess return on the market portfolio. The Kalman filter is used to estimate time-varying coefficients (beta) of the variables at different frequencies (daily, weekly, monthly, quarterly and annually). After the three papers noted above, the dissertation moves on to the final paper which explores the relationship between national stock markets (i.e. interdependence). The causal linkages of the U.S. stock market to each of six eastern Asian national stock markets (China, Hong Kong, Japan, Singapore, South Korea and Taiwan) as well as the causal linkages among those Asian equity markets are tested in a vector autoregression (VAR) model using wavelet-decomposed data.

Reposant sur l’expérience uruguayenne (1985/2015), prenant en compte un contexte de mondialisation, notre thèse vise à problématiser, au prisme d’une philosophie politique critique, une citoyenneté nommée diasporique, déployée aux interstices des États-nation, émergeant au travers de processus migratoires, de l’exil et de l’interconnexion de communautés diasporiques.Sous l’éclairage des philosophies de la citoyenneté nous cartographions cette singulière citoyenneté se déployant en scénarios transnationaux et processus interactifs, dans lesquels interviennent différentes catégories d’acteurs.Ainsi, chacun, individuellement ou au sein de groupes d’appartenance, devient citoyen par des actes, des discours, des représentations, dans l’aspiration de trouver une place à part entière au sein d’une communauté politique, sans en devenir prisonnier. Sans nous contenter d’examiner les situations de déterritorialisation évoquées - exil, migration, diaspora-, notre intention est plutôt d’interroger les conditions que s’y trouvent associées dans l’émergence et le déploiement d’une citoyenneté diasporique.Nous conceptualisons dès lors quatre conditions majeures : subjectivité sensorielle et émotionnelle enracinement rhizomique ; réseautique en constellations versatiles ; subjectivation politique mise à l’épreuve par une impossible émancipation. Les logiques auxquelles l’expérience citoyenne diasporique uruguayenne se rattache nous conduisent à poser enfin que la citoyenneté n’est pas prisonnière des institutions.Elle peut s’inventer au sein d’une communauté politique, qu’elle s’exprime en activisme citoyen ou en citoyenneté ordinaire
Based on the Uruguayan diasporic experience (1985/2015), and taking into account the context of globalization, our thesis aims at problematizing, at the prism of a critical political philosophy, a citizenship called "diasporic", deployed at interstices of Nation-States, emerging through international migratory processes, political exile, and the interconnections of the diaspora communities. In the light of philosophies of citizenship, we map out a diasporic citizenry deployed in transnational situations and interactive processes, in which different categories of participants have a hand in intervening. Thus, each - individually or within the groups to which they belong - through acts, speeches and representations becomes Citizen; aspiring to find a complete place in a political community without becoming captive to it. Without being content to limit ourselves to examining the aforementioned situations of deterritorialization - exile, migration, diaspora - our intention is rather to identify the conditions associated with them in the emergence and deployment of diasporic citizenship. We conceptualize on these bases four major conditions, which we call: sensorial and emotional subjectivity; rhizomic integration; networking in versatile forms; political subjectivity put to the test by an "impossible" emancipation. The logical reasonings to which the experience of the Uruguayan diasporic citizen are connected to lead us finally to assume that citizenship is not beholden to institutions. It can invent itself within the bosom of a political community; express itself as citizen activism or ordinary citizenship

This dissertation examines the issue of intercultural understanding. I explore the role played by language in constituting human subjectivity in accordance with the common insights of Ludwig Wittgenstein, Martin Heidegger, and Mikhail Mikhailovich Bakhtin, in order to: (1) affirm the complexity and fragility of the process of building understanding in fight of our immersion in specific cultural-linguistic worldviews; and (2) demonstrate that human beings are ontologically predisposed to achieve understanding, and that this ontological predisposition is enhanced by a constant and inescapable process of crossing "language boundaries" in daily life. I argue that the very manner of human induction into cultural-linguistic worldviews suggests the means by which intercultural understanding might best be fostered: through the bestowal of recognition and the cultivation of dialogical relationships.
I assemble key elements of an assortment of different theories of intercultural understanding in which these techniques are assigned a central role; this exercise generates a Wittgensteinian "perspicuous representation" of the process of crafting intercultural understanding itself, and reveals the unique strengths of two convergent approaches in particular. Both the contemporary reinterpretation of the traditional ideal of intercultural understanding of the Gitxsan and Wet'suwet'en First Nations of northwestern British Columbia, and the recent writings of Charles Taylor on the subject of international human rights standards comprise variations of what I call the "shared horizons" paradigm. The great advantages of this paradigm are its ability to address the distortive effect exercised by power inequalities upon efforts to create intercultural understanding (demonstrated through a case study of the Gitzsan-Wet'suwet'en land claim), and its amenableness to a variety of distinct culture-specific normative justifications. The shared horizons approach does not offer a blueprint for achieving intercultural understanding, but rather, a modest and adaptable set of principles that can serve as the foundation for efforts to work toward the resolution of intercultural disagreements.

Thesis: Ph. D., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2018.
This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 291-299).
The state of the art practice in robotics planning is to script behaviors manually, where each behavior is typically precomputed in advance. However, in order for robots to be able to act robustly and adapt to novel situations, they need to be able to plan sequences of behaviors and activities autonomously. Since the conditions and effects of these behaviors are tightly coupled through time, state and control variables, many problems require that the tasks of activity planning and trajectory optimization are considered together. There are two key issues underlying effective hybrid activity and trajectory planning: the sufficiently accurate modeling of robot dynamics and the capability of planning over long horizons. Hybrid activity and trajectory planners that employ mixed integer programming within a discrete time formulation are able to accurately model complex dynamics for robot vehicles, but are often restricted to relatively short horizons. On the other hand, current hybrid activity planners that employ continuous time formulations can handle longer horizons but they only allow actions to have continuous effects with constant rate of change, and restrict the allowed state constraints to linear inequalities. This greatly limits the expressivity of the problems that these approaches can solve. In this work we present Scotty, a planning system for hybrid activity and trajectory planning problems. Unlike other continuous time planners, Scotty can solve a broad class of expressive robotic planning problems by supporting convex quadratic constraints on state variables and control variables that are jointly constrained and that affect multiple state variables simultaneously. In order to efficiently generate practical plans for coordinated mobile robots over long horizons, our approach employs recent methods in convex optimization combined with methods for planning with relaxed planning graphs and heuristic forward search. The contributions of this thesis are threefold. First, we introduce a convex, goal-directed scheduling and trajectory planning problem. To solve this problem, we present the ScottyConvexPath planner, which reformulates the problem as a Second Order Cone Program (SOCP). Our formulation allows us to efficiently compute robot trajectories with first order dynamics over long horizons. While straightforward formulations are not convex, we present a convex model that does not require state, control or time discretization. Second, we introduce the ScottyActivity planner, a state of the art hybrid activity and trajectory planner that interleaves heuristic forward search with delete relaxations and consistency checks using our convex model. Finally, we present ScottyPath, a qualitative state plan planner that computes control and obstacle-free state trajectories for robots in order to satisfy the temporally extended goals and constraints that ScottyActivity imposes. ScottyPath finds obstacle-free paths in which all robots are guaranteed to always remain within obstacle-free safe regions, which are computed in advance. We introduce several new robotic planning domains, that we use to evaluate the scalability of our planning system and compare the performance of our approach against other prior methods. Our results show that ScottyActivity performs similarly to other state of the art heuristic forward search activity planners, while solving much more expressive robotic planning problems. On the other hand, ScottyPath can generate obstacle-free paths where robots are contained in obstacle-free convex regions more than two orders of magnitude faster than alternative mixed-integer approaches.
by Enrique Fernández González.
Ph. D.

Media framing analysis has developed in theory and application as a subset of political communication theory for the past several decades. Recent efforts among its scholars have sought to identify and create generalizable frames that can be applied across numerous social and political issues for the purposes of further examining the impact media coverage has on public opinion and policy development. This study utilizes previously established frames to examine media coverage of military spouse employment over the past twenty years, in order to better identify what role media coverage has played in the development of employment policy and support programs for military spouses.

This chapter sets out a new proposal for a coherent interdisciplinary prehistory of the Andes, based firstly on a long overdue reexamination of the relationships between the various regional ‘dialects’ within the Quechua language family; and secondly on the search for a far more satisfactory correlation with the archaeological record.Our founding principle is that language expansions do not ‘just happen’. Rather, they happen only for those very same reasons of socio-cultural change that archaeology seeks to describe through its own, independent data. Here is the true link between our disciplines, so we discard outdated, facile equations of ‘language equals culture equals genes’, in favour of the real correlation: that language families necessarily reflect past expansive processes, whose traces should also be clear in the material culture record. This principle is one that we can make use of to identify and assess correspondences between archaeological and linguistic patterns, on three levels: chronology, geography, and above all, causation. Or in other words: when, where and why did particular language expansions occur?In the Andes, in principle this entails that we should look to the Horizons, not the Intermediate Periods, as offering the most natural explanations for the major Quechua and Aymara dispersals. With the Incas too late to account for the time-depth of either family, the most plausible candidate for the first major expansion of Quechua turns out in our view to be the Wari Middle Horizon, with the Chavín Early Horizon more tentatively suggested as behind the earlier spread of the Aymara family. This effectively both upturns the traditional Torero hypothesis, and bears clear implications for the long debate in archaeology as to the nature, duration and extent of ‘Horizons’.
Este artículo propone una nueva visión de la prehistoria andina, que busca tejer un conjunto mas coherente entre las varias disciplinas que intentan entender el pasado precolombino. Se fundamenta, en primer lugar, en una reexaminación, pendiente ya desde décadas, de la clasificación tradicional de las relaciones entre los diversos "dialectos" regionales al interior de la familia lingüística quechua; y, en segundo lugar, en la búsqueda de una correlación mucho más satisfactoria con el registro arqueológico.El nuevo enfoque que aquí proponemos se enraíza en el principio fundamental que si algunas lenguas mayores han logrado dispersarse de manera espectacular, esto no pudo haber ocurrido sin ningún motivo. Más bien, tales expansiones lingüísticas se deben a las mismas razones —es decir, los mismos cambios socioculturales— que la arqueología también busca describir por medio de sus propios datos independientes. Allí radica el auténtico vínculo entre nuestras disciplinas, de manera que podemos descartar las ecuaciones simplistas y obsoletas del estilo "lengua=cultura=genes", en favor de la correlación verdadera: las familias de lenguas reflejan procesos expansivos pasados, cuyos indicios deberían quedar claros también en el registro de la cultura material. Este principio se aprovecha para identificar y evaluar las correspondencias entre los patrones arqueológicos y lingüísticos, y así en tres niveles: la cronología, la geografía y, sobre todo, la causalidad. En otras palabras: ¿cuando, dónde y porqué se difundieron determinadas lenguas?En los Andes esto implica que en principio debemos ver a los horizontes, y no a los periodos intermedios, como los que ofrecen las explicaciones más naturales para las dispersiones mayores del quechua y el aimara. Ya que el Imperio incaico remonta a una época demasiado tardía las explicaciones de la profundidad temporal de cada familia, es más bien el Horizonte Medio Wari el que se vuelve el candidato más verosímil para haber vehiculizado la primera gran expansión del quechua, según nuestro parecer. Asimismo, aunque de manera más tentativa, se sugiere que el Horizonte Temprano Chavín pudo haber impulsado la dispersión más temprana de la familia aimara. Esto, en efecto, trastoca la hipótesis tradicional de Torero, además de conllevar claras implicancias para el largo debate arqueológico acerca de la naturaleza, duración y extensión de los "horizontes".

Cette thèse s'intéresse surtout à la deuxième époque de la présence hispanique à Oran (1732-1792), plus précisément aux années 1732-1745. Ce sont les années pendant lesquelles l'administration du roi Philippe V voulut restaurer le système de vie de l'ancien Oran. Cette volonté de restauration est la source d'un questionnement historiographique sur le rôle de cette ville dans la politique de l'empire espagnol pendant la période moderne. L'analyse de cette problématique a permis de critiquer la pertinence de certains concepts étroitement liés jusque-là à l'histoire de ces villes espagnoles dans les côtes du Maghreb. Le principal concept est celui d' « occupation restreinte », utilisé par F. Braudel. Associé à ce premier concept il y a aussi celui de « révolution militaire », popularisé surtout par G. Parker. La critique de ces deux notions propose un cadre de réflexion plus général sur l'histoire des rapports entre l'Espagne et le Maghreb sur plusieurs axes : histoire militaire, histoire politique et histoire sociale. De ce croisement critique entre périodes différentes ressort une nouvelle image d'Oran : une ville au cœur des intérêts méditerranéens et impériaux de l'Espagne au XVIIIe siècle ; une ville en rapport avec la population musulmane de la région oranaise, grâce aux négociations avec les tribus arabes et à l'utilisation d'une violence ciblée. Après la reconquête d'Oran en 1732 la couronne voulut restaurer ce système mais certains changements structurels comme la peste, la crise économique et la guerre freinèrent cet élan restaurateur dans lequel furent placés des groupes sociaux issus de l'ancien Oran : les familias de Oran, les moros de paz et les mogataces
This thesis focuses above ail on the second era of Hispanic presence in Oran, during the years 1732-1745 to be more precise. It was during these years that the administration of King Philip V wanted to restore the system of life of old Oran. This will of restoration is the source of a historiographical questioning on the role of this town in the politics of the Spanish empire in the modern period. The analysis of this problem has allowed the criticism of the pertinence of certain concepts closely linked until now, to the history of these Spanish towns on the coasts of the Maghreb. The main concept is one of "Iimited occupation", used by F. Braudel. To which, the concept of "military revolution", made popular especially by G. Parker is associated. The criticism of these two notions proposes a more general framework for reflection on the history of the relations between Spain and the Maghreb from several axes: military history, political history and social history. From this critical comparison on different periods, new light is shed on Oran: a town at the heart of Mediterranean and imperial interests of eighteenth century Spain; a town with links to the Muslim population of the Oran region through negotiations with the Arab tribes and the use of targeted violence. After the conquest of Oran again in 1732 the Crown wanted to restore this system but certain structural changes such as the plague, the economical crisis and the war held back this wave of restoration in which social groups from old Oran were placed: the familias de Oran, the moros de paz and the mogataces