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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "HIV infections – Australia – Prevention"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 19 febbraio 2022

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "HIV infections – Australia – Prevention"

Jansson, James, Cliff C. Kerr e David P. Wilson. "Predicting the population impact of increased HIV testing and treatment in Australia". Sexual Health 11, n. 2 (2014): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh13069.

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Introduction The treatment as prevention strategy has gained popularity as a way to reduce the incidence of HIV by suppressing viral load such that transmission risk is decreased. The effectiveness of the strategy also requires early diagnosis. Methods: Informed by data on the influence of diagnosis and treatment on reducing transmission risk, a model simulated the impact of increasing testing and treatment rates on the expected incidence of HIV in Australia under varying assumptions of treatment efficacy and risk compensation. The model utilises Australia’s National HIV Registry data, and simulates disease progression, testing, treatment, transmission and mortality. Results: Decreasing the average time between infection and diagnosis by 30% is expected to reduce population incidence by 12% (~126 cases per year, 95% confidence interval (CI): 82–198). Treatment of all people living with HIV with CD4 counts <500 cells μL–1 is expected to reduce new infections by 30.9% (95% CI: 15.9–37.6%) at 96% efficacy if no risk compensation occurs. The number of infections could increase up to 12.9% (95% CI: 20.1–7.4%) at 26% efficacy if a return to prediagnosis risk levels occur. Conclusion: Treatment as prevention has the potential to prevent HIV infections but its effectiveness depends on the efficacy outside trial settings among men who have sex with men and the level of risk compensation. If antiretroviral therapy has high efficacy, risk compensation will not greatly change the number of infections. If the efficacy of antiretroviral therapy is low, risk compensation could lead to increased infections.

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Bernard, Diana, Susan Kippax e Don Baxter. "Effective partnership and adequate investment underpin a successful response: key factors in dealing with HIV increases". Sexual Health 5, n. 2 (2008): 193. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh07078.

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Background: Australia has mounted an effective response to HIV and AIDS by investing in evidence-informed policy. Recently, in response to increases in HIV in some states in Australia, the New South Wales Department of Health set up a ‘think tank’ to examine differences in epidemiological and behavioural data, policies, strategies and community responses in order to account for state-based differences and ensure an effective ongoing response to HIV. Methods: The National Centre in HIV Social Research undertook key informant interviews with major stakeholders to help understand differences in responses by the three states most affected by HIV in Australia – Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria. In parallel, the Australian Federation of AIDS Organisations completed an analysis of the investments in HIV-prevention activities targeting gay men in all jurisdictions in Australia. The Australian Federation of AIDS Organisations also analysed the strategic contexts and government responses to HIV in the three states. Results: There were significant differences between New South Wales, Queensland and Victoria in the way the HIV partnership functions. Type of prevention strategy and level of financial investment in prevention activities appear to be related to the effectiveness of the ongoing response to HIV. Conclusions: An active commitment to and adequate resourcing of HIV prevention by all stakeholders in the HIV partnership – government and non-government departments, researchers and gay community organisations – is crucial if Australia is to respond effectively to HIV among gay and other men who have sex with men.

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Feigin, Anita, Carol El-Hayek, Margaret Hellard, Alisa Pedrana, Ellen Donnan, Christopher Fairley, B. K. Tee e Mark Stoové. "Increases in newly acquired HIV infections in Victoria, Australia: epidemiological evidence of successful prevention?" Sexual Health 10, n. 2 (2013): 166. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh12064.

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Background Rates of newly acquired HIV notifications provide useful data for monitoring transmission trends. Methods: We describe 10-year (2001–10) trends in newly acquired HIV notifications in Victoria, Australia. We also examine recent trends in HIV testing and incidence and risk behaviours among gay and other men who have sex with men (MSM) attending four high MSM caseload clinics. Results: Between 2001 and 2010 there was a significant increasing linear trend in newly acquired HIV that was driven primarily by increases between 2009–2010. MSM accounted for 85% of newly acquired HIV notifications. Between 2007–10, the total number of HIV tests per year at the high caseload clinics increased 41% among MSM and HIV incidence declined by 52%; reported risk behaviours remained relatively stable among these MSM. Conclusion: More newly acquired HIV notifications may reflect recent increased testing among MSM; continued scrutiny of surveillance data will assess the sustained effectiveness of testing as prevention, health promotion and the contribution of risk and testing behaviours to HIV surveillance outcomes.

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Zablotska, Iryna B., Susan Kippax, Andrew Grulich, Martin Holt e Garrett Prestage. "Behavioural surveillance among gay men in Australia: methods, findings and policy implications for the prevention of HIV and other sexually transmissible infections". Sexual Health 8, n. 3 (2011): 272. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh10125.

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Background The Australian HIV and sexually transmissible infection (STI) behavioural surveillance system (the repeated cross-sectional Gay Community Periodic Surveys, GCPS) has been conducted since 1998 and covers six main Australian jurisdictions. In this paper, we review its history and methodology, and the available indicators, their trends and their use. Methods:We describe the design and history of GCPS. For analyses of indicators, we use Pearson’s χ2-test and test for trend where appropriate. Results: About 90% of gay men in Australia have been tested for HIV (60% to 70% of men who were not HIV-positive) have been tested as recommended in the preceding 12 months. STI testing levels (~70% in the preceding 12 months) are high, but remain insufficient for STI prevention. In general, unprotected anal intercourse with regular (UAIR) and casual (UAIC) sex partners has increased over time. The prevalence and increasing trends in UAIR were similar across jurisdictions (P-trend <0.01), while trends in UAIC differed across the states: during 2001–08, UAIC declined in NSW (P-trend <0.01) and increased elsewhere (P-trend <0.01). Trends in UAIC were associated with HIV diagnoses. Conclusion: This review of the design, implementation and findings of the Australian HIV/STI behavioural surveillance highlights important lessons for HIV/STI behavioural surveillance among homosexual men, particularly the need for consistent data collection over time and across jurisdictions. Investment in systematic behavioural surveillance appears to result in a better understanding of the HIV epidemic, the availability of a warning system and a better targeted HIV prevention strategy.

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Guy, Rebecca J., Ann M. McDonald, Mark J. Bartlett, Jo C. Murray, Carolien M. Giele, Therese M. Davey, Ranil D. Appuhamy et al. "Characteristics of HIV diagnoses in Australia, 1993-2006". Sexual Health 5, n. 2 (2008): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh07070.

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Objective: To describe recent trends in the diagnosis of HIV infection in Australia. Methods: National HIV surveillance data from 1993 to 2006 were analysed with a focus on geographic differences by HIV exposure route and late presentation (HIV within 3 months of a first AIDS-defining illness or a CD4 count of less than 200 cells μL–1). Results: In 1993–99, the number of HIV diagnoses declined by 32%, and then increased by 39% from 1999 to 2006. From 2000 onwards, rates increased significantly in Victoria, Queensland, South Australia and Western Australia. The most frequently reported routes of HIV exposure were male to male sex (71%) and heterosexual contact (18%), and the population rate of diagnoses have increased in both categories. Among the cases reported as heterosexually acquired (n = 2199), 33% were in people born in a high-prevalence country and 19% in those with partners from a high-prevalence country. Late presentation was most frequent in heterosexually acquired infections in persons who had a partner from a high-prevalence country: 32% compared with 20% overall. Conclusions: Recent increases in annual numbers of HIV diagnoses in Australia underline the continuing need for HIV-prevention programs, particularly among men having male to male sex. Early diagnosis and access to care and treatment should also be emphasised, as a substantial proportion of people with HIV infection are unaware of their status until late in the course of disease.

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Ghimire, Hallett, Gray, Lobo e Crawford. "What Works? Prevention and Control of Sexually Transmitted Infections and Blood-Borne Viruses in Migrants from Sub-Saharan Africa, Northeast Asia and Southeast Asia Living in High-Income Countries: A Systematic Review". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, n. 7 (10 aprile 2019): 1287. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16071287.

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Migration is a significant risk factor for the acquisition of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and other sexually transmitted infections (STIs). An increasing proportion of these infections in high-income countries, such as Australia, are among migrants moving from low and middle-income countries with a high prevalence of HIV, HBV and other STIs. This systematic review explored the prevention and control of HIV, HBV and other STIs in migrants (>18 years) from Southeast Asia, Northeast Asia and sub-Saharan Africa living in high-income countries with universal health care. This systematic review followed PRISMA guidelines and was registered with PROSPERO. Six academic databases were searched for articles published between 2002 and 2018. Sixteen peer-reviewed articles met the inclusion criteria, consisting of fourteen quantitative and two qualitative studies conducted in Australia, the Netherlands, Canada, Spain, Italy, and Germany. Three levels of interventions were identified: individual, community and structural interventions. Most studies addressed factors at an individual level; interventions were most commonly outreach testing for HIV, HBV and other STIs. Few studies addressed structural factors or demonstrated comprehensive evaluation of interventions. Limited population-specific findings could be determined. To prevent further transmission of HIV, HBV and other STIs, comprehensive public health approaches must consider the complex interactions between migration, health care system determinants, and broader socioeconomic and sociocultural factors.

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Wilson, David P., Alexander Hoare, David G. Regan e Matthew G. Law. "Importance of promoting HIV testing for preventing secondary transmissions: modelling the Australian HIV epidemic among men who have sex with men". Sexual Health 6, n. 1 (2009): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh08081.

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Background: We address the research questions: (i) what proportion of new HIV infections is transmitted from people who are (a) undiagnosed, (b) in primary HIV infection (PHI), (c) on antiretroviral therapy?; and (ii) what is the expected epidemiological impact of (a) increasing the proportion of newly acquired HIV infections receiving early treatment, and (b) increasing HIV testing rates? Methods: We used a mathematical model to simulate HIV transmission in the population of men who have sex with men (MSM) in Australia. We calibrated the model using established biological and clinical data and a wide range of Australian MSM epidemiological and behavioural data sources. Results: We estimate that ~19% of all new HIV infections are transmitted from the ~3% of Australian HIV-infected MSM who are in PHI; ~31% of new HIV infections are estimated to be transmitted from the ~9% of MSM with undiagnosed HIV. We estimate that the average number of infections caused per HIV-infected MSM through the duration of PHI is ~0.14–0.28. Conclusions: The epidemiological impact of increasing treatment in PHI would be modest due to insufficient detection of newly-infected individuals. In contrast, increases in HIV testing rates could have substantial epidemiological consequences. The benefit of testing will also increase over time. Promoting increases in the coverage and frequency of testing for HIV could be a highly-effective public health intervention, but the population-level impact of interventions based on promoting early treatment of patients diagnosed in PHI is likely to be small. Treating PHI requires further evaluation of its long-term effects on HIV-infected individuals.

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Heymer, Kelly-Jean, e David P. Wilson. "Treatment for prevention of HIV transmission in a localised epidemic: the case for South Australia". Sexual Health 8, n. 3 (2011): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh10084.

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Background Discussion is currently taking place among international HIV/AIDS groups around increasing HIV testing and initiating earlier use of antiretroviral therapy (ART) among people diagnosed with HIV as a method to reduce the spread of HIV. In this study, we explore the expected epidemiological impact of this strategy in a small population in which HIV transmission is predominantly confined to men who have sex with men (MSM). Methods: A deterministic mathematical transmission model was constructed to investigate the impacts of strategies that increase testing and treatment rates, and their likely potential to mitigate HIV epidemics among MSM. Our novel model distinguishes men in the population who are more easily accessible to prevention campaigns through engagement with the gay community from men who are not. This model is applied to the population of MSM in South Australia. Results: Our model-based findings suggest that increasing testing rates alone will have minimal impact on reducing the expected number of infections compared to current conditions. However, in combination with increases in treatment coverage, this strategy could lead to a 59–68% reduction in the number of HIV infections over the next 5 years. Targeting men who are socially engaged with the gay community would result in the majority of potential reductions in incidence, with only minor improvements possible by reaching all other MSM. Conclusions: Investing in strategies that will achieve higher coverage and earlier initiation of treatment to reduce infectiousness of HIV-infected individuals could be an effective strategy for reducing incidence in a population of MSM.

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Peach, Elizabeth, Chris Lemoh, Mark Stoove, Paul Agius, Carol El Hayek, Nasra Higgins e Margaret Hellard. "Aiming for 90–90–90 – the importance of understanding the risk factors for HIV exposure and advanced HIV infection in migrant populations and other groups who do not report male-to-male sex". Sexual Health 15, n. 5 (2018): 441. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh17192.

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Background In Australia, new HIV diagnoses increasingly occur among people who do not report male-to-male sex. Among migrants, it is not clear what proportion acquired infection before migration. Similarly, among Australian-born people, it is not clear what proportion acquired infection in-country. There is a need to better understand the epidemiology of HIV in people who do not report male-to-male sex. Methods: Victorian public health surveillance data were used to classify migrants as having likely acquired HIV before or after arrival to Australia using a CD4 cell count decline method to estimate date of infection. Place of exposure for Australian-born people was estimated based on self-report. Factors associated with place of HIV acquisition, advanced infection and newly acquired infection were explored among migrants and among Australian-born people. Results: Between July 1996 and June 2014, there were 821 new non-MSM HIV diagnoses. Most (58%) were migrants, and of these, half (54%) were estimated to have acquired HIV before migration. Among Australian-born people, 27% reported exposure likely occurring abroad; the majority of these were men who reported exposure in South-East Asia. Advanced infection was common in migrants (45%) and Australian-born people (35%). Among migrants, birth in South-East Asia was associated with increased odds of advanced infection. Conclusion: These results highlight the potential vulnerability of migrants after arrival in Australia, especially those from South-East Asia and Sub-Saharan Africa, and that of Australian-born men travelling to these regions. Public health practice must be strengthened to meet prevention needs of these populations in line with Australian policy.

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Tachedjian, Gilda. "Microbicides for HIV". Microbiology Australia 31, n. 4 (2010): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ma10188.

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Microbicides are chemical entities that can be incorporated in gels, films, tablets or rings for application to the vagina or rectum to prevent the transmission of HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Leading Australian microbicide efforts include the development of a dendrimer nanoparticle with broad-spectrum activity against HIV, HSV and HPV, and a natural factor produced by lactobacilli in the healthy female genital tract. Clinical trials have revealed that nonspecific agents such as nonoxynol-9 and moderately specific linear polyanions lack efficacy in preventing male to female HIV transmission. In contrast, the CAPRISA 004 study demonstrates that a gel containing an antiretroviral agent, 1% tenofovir, provides women with 39% protection against HIV infection. While this proof of concept study is arguably one of the most encouraging results seen in the HIV prevention field, efficacy and adherence could be improved by developing combination microbicides and coitally independent dosing strategies, respectively.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "HIV infections – Australia – Prevention"

Petoumenos, Kathy Public Health &amp Community Medicine Faculty of Medicine UNSW. "Treatment experience and HIV disease progression: findings from the Australian HIV observational database". Awarded by:University of New South Wales. School of Public Health and Community Medicine, 2006. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/24937.

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The Australian HIV Observational Database (AHOD) is a collaboration of hospitals, sexual health clinics and specialist general practices throughout Australia, established in April 1999. Core data variables collected include demographic data, immunological and virological markers, AIDS diagnosis, antiretroviral and prophylactic treatment and cause of death. The first electronic data transfer occurred in September 1999 followed by six monthly data transfers thereafter. All analyses included in this thesis are based on patients recruited to AHOD by March 2004. By March 2004, 2329 patients had been recruited to AHOD from 27 sites throughout Australia. Of these, 352 (15%) patients were recruited from non-metropolitan clinics. The majority of patients were male (94%), and infected with HIV through male homosexual contact (73%). Almost 90% of AHOD patients are antiretroviral treatment experience, and the majority of patients are receiving triple therapy as mandated by standard of care guidelines in Australia. Antiretroviral treatment use has changed in Australia reflecting changes in the availability of new treatment strategies and agents. The crude mortality rate was 1.58 per 100 person years, and of the 105 deaths, more than half died from HIV-unrelated deaths. The prevalence of HBV and HCV in AHOD was 4.8% and 10.9%, respectively. HIV disease progression in the era of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) among AHOD patients is consistent with what has been reported in developed countries. Common factors associated with HIV disease progression were low CD4 cell count, high viral load and prior treatment with mono or double therapy at the time of commencing HAART. This was demonstrated in AHOD in terms of long-term CD4 cell response, the rate of changing combination antiretroviral therapy and factors predicting death. HBV and HCV coinfection is also relatively common in AHOD, similar to other developed country cohorts. Coinfection does not appear to be serious impediments to the treatment of HIV infected patients. However, HIV disease outcome following HAART does appear to be adversely affected by HIV/HCV coinfection but not in terms of HIV/HBV coinfection. Patients attending non-metropolitan sites were found to be similar to those attending metropolitan sites in terms of both immunological response and survival.

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Hou, Wei Wei. "Effectiveness of HIV preventive intervention programs in China: a systematic review of most recentevidences". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46937183.

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Guo, Jia, e 郭佳. "Distinct vaccine-induced antibody responses and bispecific neutralizing immunoadhesins against SIV/HIV infection". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/196479.

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Our research laboratory has recently reported that mucosal priming with a replicating modified vaccinia Tiantan virus (MVTTgpe)-based vaccine elicits durable protection against pathogenic SIVmac239 infection in rhesus monkeys. However, the protective role of vaccine-elicited antibody responses remains poorly understood. Here, a novel yeast surface displayed (YSD) antigen library was established to quantitatively map the antigenic determinants presented by MVTTgpe-based and control vaccines as well as by SIVmac239 infection. The YSD-library allows the mapping of linear and some conformational epitopes as a major technical innovation, as validated by testing SIV-specific mAbs KK65, KK8 and VM-18S. While eight antigenic domains are characterized covering the entire SIVmac239 gp160, the MVTTgpe/Ad5gpe regimen uniquely induces antibody responses against a distinct major antigenic determinant (MAD) in V2 region as compared with the Ad5gpe/Ad5gpe vaccination and SIV infection. This MAD is associated with a higher titer of anti-V2 antibody responses, which inversely correlates with peak viral load. Unexpectedly, the MVTTgpe/Ad5gpe vaccine- challenge. The results showed that instead of recalling B cell memory response to V2, viral infection presents a distinct set of antigenic determinants with anti-V1V2 antibodies primarily directed to V1 region. Moreover, the anti-V1V2 antibody responses disappear in two infected macaques after they enter the stage of simian AIDS. SIVmac239 infection, therefore, can modulate vaccine-elicited B cell immunity by diminishing anti-V2 antibody memory responses in rhesus monkeys. These findings implicated that vaccine efforts with focus on V2 region would require periodic vaccinations to maintain a long-lasting high level of antibody responses for protection. In the absence of an effective vaccine for eliciting HIV-1-specific broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), passive immunization with bNAbs or Ab-like agents (e.g. immunoadhesin) becomes an attractive alternative for HIV-1 prevention. In this study, we aimed to design, optimize and produce secretory immunoadhesins (IAs) based on gene engineering of existing HIV-1 specific bNAbs for potency and production improvements. IAs are chimeric, antibody-like molecules that combine the functional domain of bNAb with immunoglobulin constant domains, including the hinge and Fc regions. We found that the modified secretory IAs not only preserved the neutralization activity of the parental bNAbs, but also had enhanced expression and smaller molecular size that is suitable for antibody gene-based in vivo delivery. Furthermore, we defined the synergistic effects of five IAs against HIV-1 infection and subsequently engineered two types of bi-specific IAs by combining the functional domains of Hu5A8, a humanized anti-CD4 antibody, and the bNAb PGT128. Significantly, one of the bi-specific IA, namely Bi-IA-Mono, neutralized 100% of the 33 viruses tested, including the transmitted/founder viruses and viruses resistant to both parental IAs. The remarkably enhanced neutralization activity of Bi-IA-Mono, either in potency and breadth, indicated the great potential of modified bi-specific IA to provide complete or nearly complete protection against major HIV-1 subtypes. Overall, our results demonstrated that the engineering of IA and bi-specific IA is an attractive way to improve anti-HIV-1 properties of existing bNAbs, which have significant implications for antibody-based prophylactics in blocking diverse HIV-1 transmissions and infections.
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Microbiology
Doctoral
Doctor of Philosophy

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Chigali, George M. "Assessment of the factors associated with HIV risk behaviours amongst women in Livingstone, Southern Province, Zambia". Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2006. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2551_1189600940.

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The aim of this study was to assess the factors associated with HIV risk behaviours in women in Livingstone, Zambia. A cross-sectional analytical survey using a structured questionnaire was carried out in two sites in Livingstone, which were selected on the basis of differences in socio-economic status. Married women and women in the urban community are at high risk of contracting HIV and every effort should be made to ensure that HIV/AIDS programmes help to reduce their vulnerability to HIV infection.

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Cunningham, Nancy Mae. "An assessment of the HIV prevention needs of injection drug users in Montana". CONNECT TO THIS TITLE ONLINE, 2007. http://etd.lib.umt.edu/theses/available/etd-03292007-102609/.

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Hutchinson, Angela Blair. "A health technology assessment of HIV counseling and testing technologies". Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/8077.

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Keen, Barbara. "The role of parents in HIV/AIDS primary prevention education /". Title page, contents and abstract only, 1992. http://web4.library.adelaide.edu.au/theses/09PM/09pmk26.pdf.

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Ailing, Wang Luechai Sringernyuang. "Uses of prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV Services : a study of HIV-positive women in Yining, Xinjiang, China /". Abstract, 2006. http://mulinet3.li.mahidol.ac.th/thesis/2549/cd388/4737914.pdf.

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Wang, Ya-Chien. "A systematic evaluation of culturally sensitive HIV/AIDS prevention interventions in the US, 1996--2007". Diss., Connect to online resource - MSU authorized users, 2008.

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Lufuluabo, Ngeleka Albert. "Role of contraception in HIV prevention". Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/79936.

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Thesis (MPhil)--Stellenbosch University, 2013.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Reproductive health of people living with HIV/AIDS is a significant public health issue because of its associated risks of HIV transmission to both, the baby and the sexual partner. Provision of effective contraceptive to HIV-positive women is a proven prevention strategy, and can help prevent unintended pregnancy and other sexually transmitted infections. Unmet need for contraception in developing world and rates of unintended pregnancies among women living with HIV remain highly prevalent. The objectives of this study were to identify the current knowledge of HIV-positive women on existing contraceptive methods, determine their current contraceptive practices, identify barriers to contraception use, and provide recommendations on how contraception uptake can be improved among these women in Kasane. A cross-sectional study using qualitative technique was used among twenty five (25) participants at Kasane Primary Hospital. In-depth interviews were conducted with the help of research assistants for data collection. Excel Microsoft Office Software was used for socio-demographics data entry and analysis, and qualitative data were analysed manually using descriptive statistics. Main reasons for low uptake of contraception were desire for children, partner refusal, side effects, and socio-cultural and religious factors. Contraception prevalence was 56 % and condom was the most used contraceptive method (36%). whereas the rate of unintended pregnancies was 60% . Knowledge of contraception was high (100%) but limited proportion of participants (12%) had an expended understanding of contraception as a HIV prevention strategy. Most women living with HIV prefer to space, limit or stop childbearing but do not use any contraceptive method and found themselves with unintended pregnancy. Despite the good knowledge about contraception among participants, the uptake remained low. About half (44%) of the women interviewed were not on any contraceptive method. The choice to use contraception interferes with many factors and the desire to fulfil the primary reproductive intention of men and women, including those living with HIV, mostly override this choice. There is need for a strategic integrated approach that conveys HIV prevention messages and discusses the importance of planning a pregnancy. Thus promoting dual protection among women living with HIV.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die voortplantingsgesondheid van mense wat met MIV/vigs leef, is ‘n belangrike openbaregesondheidskwessie, aangesien voortplantingsgesondheid verband hou met die gevaar van MIV-oordrag na babas sowel as seksmaats. Daar is al bewys dat ander seksueel oordraagbare siektes sowel as onbeplande swangerskappe voorkom word as doeltreffende voorbehoedmiddels verskaf word aan vroue wat MIV-positief is. Dit behoefte aan voorbehoeding in ontwikkelende lande bly egter baie dikwels agterweë, en ‘n groot persentasie vroue wat met MIV leef, raak onbepland swanger. Die doel met hierdie ondersoek is om vas te stel wat vroue wat MIV-positief is, tans oor bestaande voorbehoeding weet, watter voorbehoedingsmetodes hulle tans gebruik en watter struikelblokke daar vir die gebruik van voorbehoeding is, en om voorstelle te maak oor hoe ŉ groter persentasie van hierdie vroue in Kasane oortuig kan word om voorbehoedmiddels te gebruik. ‘n Deursnee-studie wat met behulp van kwalitatiewe tegnieke by die Kasane Primêre Hospitaal uitgevoer is, het vyf en twintig (25) deelnemers betrek. Met die hulp van navorsingsassistente is diepte-onderhoude gevoer om inligting in te samel. Microsoft Office se Excel-sagteware is gebruik om sosio-demografiese inligting in te voer en te ontleed, en kwalitatiewe inligting is met verwysing na beskrywende statistiek met die hand ontleed. Die vernaamste redes vir die trae gebruik van voorbehoeding was die begeerte na ‘n kind, die teenstand van seksmaats, die newe-effekte, en sosio-kulturele en godsdienstige oorwegings. Daar is bevind dat 56% van die deelnemers voorbehoeding gebruik, dat kondome die algemeenste voorbehoedmiddel is (36%) en dat 60% van alle swangerskappe ongewens was. Die deelnemers was almal oor voorbehoeding ingelig (100%), maar slegs ‘n klein persentasie (12%) het ook geweet dat voorbehoedmiddels ‘n voorkomingstrategie vir MIV-infeksie is. Die meeste vroue wat met MIV leef, verkies om swangerskappe te versprei, te beperk of te verhoed, maar gebruik geen voorbehoedmiddels nie en het dus onbepland swanger geraak. Hoewel die deelnemers goed ingelig was oor voorbehoeding, het min van hulle dit gebruik. Ongeveer die helfte (44%) van die vroue met wie onderhoude gevoer is, het geen voorbehoeding gebruik nie. Die keuse om ‘n voorbehoedmiddel te gebruik, word beïnvloed talle ander faktore, en mans en vroue se primêre begeerte om voort te plant – ook al leef hulle met MIV – weeg gewoonlik swaarder as hierdie keuse. Daar is ‘n behoefte aan ‘n strategiese, geïntegreerde benadering wat boodskappe oor MIV-voorkoming oordra en wat tuisbring hoe belangrik dit is om swangerskappe te beplan. Sodoende sal vroue wat met MIV leef, tweedoelige beskerming kry.

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Più fonti

Libri sul tema "HIV infections – Australia – Prevention"

Western Australia. Communicable Disease Control Branch. HIV/AIDS & sexually transmitted infections: Education & prevention plan for Western Australia. Shenton Park, W.A: Communicable Disease Control Branch, Dept. of Health, 2002.

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Intercountry Workshop on the Role of the Broadcast Media in the Prevention and Control of HIV Infection and AIDS (1990 Sydney, N.S.W.). Intercountry Workshop on the Role of the Broadcast Media in the Prevention and Control of HIV Infection and AIDS, Sydney, Australia 26-30 March 1990: Report. Manila, Philippines: The Office, 1990.

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Stang, Lucas. HIV prevention. Santa Cruz, Calif: ETR Associates, 1994.

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Services, Montana Dept of Public Health and Human. HIV/STD prevention voices. Helena, MT: STD/HIV Prevention Section, DPHHS, 2007.

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service), ScienceDirect (Online, a cura di. HIV prevention: A comprehensive approach. Amsterdam: Elsevier/Academic Press, 2009.

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Cordes, Penelope M. Report to the Alaska HIV Prevention Planning Group: Consumer focus groups on HIV prevention needs. [Anchorage, AK]: AIDS/STD Program, 1995.

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San Francisco (Calif.). HIV Prevention Planning Council. San Francisco HIV prevention plan. [San Francisco, Calif.]: The Council, 1994.

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National AIDS Control Council (Kenya). Kenya HIV prevention revolution road map: Count down to 2030 : HIV prevention everyone's business. [Nairobi]: National AIDS Control Council, 2014.

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HIV: From biology to prevention and treatment. Cold Spring Harbor, N.Y: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, 2011.

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San Francisco (Calif.). HIV Prevention Planning Council. 2010 San Francisco HIV prevention plan. San Francisco, CA: Harder + Company Community Research, 2010.

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Più fonti

Capitoli di libri sul tema "HIV infections – Australia – Prevention"

Ravanfar, Parisa, Natalia Mendoza, Anita K. Shetty, Rosella Creed e Stephen K. Tyring. "HIV Prevention". In Sexually Transmitted Infections and Sexually Transmitted Diseases, 703–14. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-14663-3_53.

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Estermann, J. C., H. G. Maxeiner, R. Bunikowski, K. O. Habermehl e M. A. Koch. "HIV Infections in the Federal Republic of Germany". In Assessing AIDS Prevention, 123–27. Basel: Birkhäuser Basel, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-0348-7211-9_12.

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Burnside, Helen, e Cornelis A. Rietmeijer. "Behavioral Interventions for Prevention in HIV Care". In Sexually Transmitted Infections in HIV-Infected Adults and Special Populations, 39–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56694-8_2.

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Adimora, Adaora A., e Victor J. Schoenbach. "Social Determinants of Sexual Networks, Partnership Formation, and Sexually Transmitted Infections". In The New Public Health and STD/HIV Prevention, 13–31. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4526-5_2.

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Fortenberry, J. Dennis, e Devon J. Hensel. "Adolescent Sexual Health and Sexually Transmitted Infections: A Conceptual and Empirical Demonstration". In The New Public Health and STD/HIV Prevention, 293–305. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4526-5_15.

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Caraël, Michel, e Judith R. Glynn. "HIV Infection in Young Adults in Africa: Context, Risks, and Opportunities for Prevention". In HIV, Resurgent Infections and Population Change in Africa, 123–54. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6174-5_7.

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Jolly, Ann M., e John L. Wylie. "Sexual Networks and Sexually Transmitted Infections; “The Strength of Weak (Long Distance) Ties”". In The New Public Health and STD/HIV Prevention, 77–109. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4526-5_5.

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Mindel, Adrian, e Susan Kippax. "A National Strategic Approach to Improving the Health of Gay and Bisexual Men: Experience in Australia". In The New Public Health and STD/HIV Prevention, 339–60. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-4526-5_17.

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Brickman, Cristina Elena, e Joel Palefsky. "Prevention of Complications from Human Papillomavirus Infection in the HIV-Infected Individual". In Sexually Transmitted Infections in HIV-Infected Adults and Special Populations, 141–63. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-56694-8_8.

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Hart, Mary Kate, Thomas J. Palker e Barton F. Haynes. "Design of Experimental Synthetic Peptide Immunogens for Prevention of HIV-1 and HTLV-I Retroviral Infections". In Vaccine Design, 821–45. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-1823-5_37.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "HIV infections – Australia – Prevention"

Naidoo, J., N. Samsunder, K. Govender, R. Noble, N. Ngubane, N. Naicker, A. Mindel et al. "P3.109 Point-of-care testing for sexually transmitted infections in hiv prevention trials". In STI and HIV World Congress Abstracts, July 9–12 2017, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053264.344.

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Allen, C., C. Fairley, M. Chen, K. Maddaford, J. Ong, D. Williamson e E. Chow. "O08.1 Oropharyngeal gonorrhoea infections among females and heterosexual males with genital gonorrhoea attending a sexual health clinic in Melbourne, Australia". In Abstracts for the STI & HIV World Congress, July 14–17 2021. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2021-sti.92.

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Harney, Brendan, Agius P, Roth N, Tee BK, Fairley CK, Chow Epf, D. Leslie, Stoové M e El-Hayek C. "O14.1 Risk of hiv following repeat sexually transmissible infections among men who have sex with men in victoria, australia". In STI and HIV World Congress Abstracts, July 9–12 2017, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2017-053264.78.

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Cornelisse, Vincent, Denton Callander, Christopher Fairley e Darren Russell. "P446 Use of antibiotic prophylaxis for sexually transmitted infections among gay and bisexual men in australia". In Abstracts for the STI & HIV World Congress (Joint Meeting of the 23rd ISSTDR and 20th IUSTI), July 14–17, 2019, Vancouver, Canada. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2019-sti.530.

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Bavinton, Benjamin, Stefanie Vaccher, Martin Holt, Rebecca Guy, Garrett Prestage, Fengyi Jin, Janaki Amin et al. "P435 Use of condoms for the prevention of Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) among HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) users". In Abstracts for the STI & HIV World Congress (Joint Meeting of the 23rd ISSTDR and 20th IUSTI), July 14–17, 2019, Vancouver, Canada. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2019-sti.521.

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Van Den Berg, Jacob, John Barnhart, Benjamin Grin, Don Operario, Philip Chan e Beth Bock. "Social Media Use and Prevention of HIV and Other Sexually Transmitted Infections among At-Risk College Students in the United States". In Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences. Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24251/hicss.2020.468.

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Levine, P. H. "ACQUIRED IMMUNODEFICIENCY SYNDROME, HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS AND HEMOPHILIA". In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644752.

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Less than 15 years ago the National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute surveyed physicians in the United States in order to characterize the demographics of hemophilia. The average age of persons with hemophilia in the United States was found to be 11.5 years old. By 10 years later, the life expectancy was predicted to be normal, and indeed the average age of persons with hemophilia in the U.S. is now in the early twenties. Early, intensive and predictably efficacious control of hemorrhage has made this result possible, and the therapeutic product which has allowed such control is commercial clotting factor concentrate.We now know that starting in 1978, and with great frquency during 1982 and 1983, the majority of U.S. hemophiliacs were infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). It is estimated that as of January, 1987, approximately two thirds of the 20,000' persons with hemophilia in the United States have been infected with HIV. Among those with severe factor VIII deficiency, more than 9056 are seropositive. As of 1/5/87, there were 288 cases of AIDS among U.S. hemophiliacs, for an AIDS rate of approximately 2.256 of those with HIV infection. This number included 185 with severe, 32 with moderate and 28 with mild hemophilia A; 12 with severe, 6 with moderate and 1 with mild hemophilia B; 9 with vWD, and 4 others. A disproportionate number were older patients: 55 were ages 1-19; 62 ages 20-29; 85 ages 30-39, and 86 age 40 or older. Although the AIDS attack rate is no longer climbing logarhythmically, new cases are certainly still occurring.A variety of other HIV-related syndromes have emerged. Of great concern is immune thrombocytopenia, which is now relatively common; among a group of 209 carefully followed HIV-positive patients at our center, 31 (1556) are or have been thrombocytopenic. Progressive failure to normally gain height and weight in children with hemophilia has recently been shown by our group to correlate with HIV antibody positivity, and also with decreased T4/T8 ratio, decreased T4 cell count, decreased skin test reactivity, and subsequent development of ARC or AIDS in some such children. Finally, a picture of progressive fall in T4 count associated with recurrent non-specific infections and increased likelihood of positive viral culture, may predict an increased risk of developing AIDS.We know that the immune dysfunction in hemophilia is complex, and not wholly explained by HIV infection. One important factor may be the many foreign proteins contained in commercial clotting factor concentrates, and their ability to stimulate T cells. It is known that latent HIV infection in cultured T4 lymphocytes can be induced to enter the proliferative, viral secretory phase by the addition of soluble foreign antigens to the cell culture. Recent data of Brettler and colleagues, to be presented at this meeting, suggest that the use of highly purified VI!I:C (specific activity >3000 u/mg) in place of the present extremely impure products, may improve the immune dysfunction in hemophilia. This observation offers a new hypothetical approach to the prevention of progressive T4 cell depletion in HIV infected hemophiliacs, and requires immediate and extensive further study.The psychosocial burden of HIV infection is immense. The need for extensive, formal education and support programs is largely unmet in most parts of the world. Such programs are best run out of hemophilia treatment centers in most cases, and must include an active program on prevention of sexual transmission, provision of HIV testing before and during pregnancies, provision for maintenance of confidentiality, etc. Education concerning HIV is like all other forms of education. It requires formal organization, a curriculum, active rather than passive learning in which there is interaction between the teacher and the pupil, time for planned repetition, reinforcement with written materials, and assessment of goals achieved. For all of these reasons it is inappropriate to assume that the physician at the hemophilia center will be able to provide an adequate education program. Adquate paramedical personnel will need to undertake this effort, under the directjon of the physician.

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Pratami, Yustika Rahmawati, e Nurul Kurniati. "Sex Education Strategy for Adolescents: A Scoping Review". In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.27.

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Background: Comprehensive Sexuality Education (CSE) plays an important role in preparing safe and productive lives of adolescents through understanding about HIV/ AIDS, sexually transmitted infections, unintended pregnancy, gender-based violence, and gender disparity. This scoping review aimed to investigate the appropriate method of sex education and information for adolescents. Subjects and Method: A scoping review method was conducted in eight stages including (1) Identification of study problems; (2) Determining priority problem and study question; (3) Determining framework; (4) Literature searching; (5) Article selection; (6) Critical appraisal; (7) Data extraction; and (8) Mapping. The research question was identified using population, exposure, and outcome(s) (PEOS) framework. The search included PubMed, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library, ProQuest, and EBSCO databases. The inclusion criteria were English-language and full-text articles published between 2009 and 2019. A total of 460 articles was obtained from the searched database. After the review process, twenty articles were eligible for this review. The data were reported by the PRISMA flow chart. Results: Eleven articles from developing countries (Nigeria, Thailand, Iran, California, Vietnam, Spain, South Africa, Indonesia) and nine articles from developed countries (USA, England, Australia) met the inclusion criteria with quantitative (cross-sectional, quasi-experiments, cohort, RCT) and qualitative design studies. The findings discussed available sources of sex education for adolescents including peers, school, media, and other adults. Digital media (internet and TV) contributed as preferable sources for adolescents. The parents and teacher’s involvement in providing sex education remained inadequate. Inappropriate sources of sex education like invalid information from the internet and other adults caused negative consequences on the sexual and reproductive health of children and adolescents. Conclusion: Parents-school partnership strategies play an important role in delivering appropriate information about sex education for children and adolescents. Keywords: digital media, sex education, parents, schools, adolescents Correspondence: Yustika Rahmawati Pratami. Jl. Siliwangi No. 63, Nogotirto, Gamping, Sleman, Yogyakarta, 55292. Email: yustikarahmawati068@gmail.com. Mobile: +6282198915596. DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.02.27

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "HIV infections – Australia – Prevention"

Erling, Norrby, e Eva M. Fenyo. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections: Strain and Type Variations; Diagnosis and Prevention. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, aprile 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada237815.

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Patterns and implications of male migration for HIV prevention strategies in Maharashtra, India. Population Council, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv16.1003.

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Maharashtra was one of the first states to be affected by HIV in India. Results from the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-3) in 2005–06 indicate that 0.62 percent of men and women aged 15–49 years were infected with HIV, as compared to the national average of 0.28 percent. HIV sentinel surveillance data from sites across Maharashtra indicate that 1.3 percent of pregnant women receiving antenatal care (ANC) and 10.4 percent of patients receiving treatment for sexually transmitted infections in 2005 were infected with HIV. At the same time, Maharashtra ranks first nationally in the proportion of total migrants, and there is a growing consensus among policymakers and program managers that migration could be a major contributor in the spread of HIV in the state. However, empirical evidence to support or refute this conjecture is limited. To address this research gap, the Population Council studied the patterns and motivations related to the migration of male laborers and their linkages with HIV risk. The purpose of the research, as stated in this brief, was to document patterns of male migration and determine whether there was a relationship between migration and HIV prevalence.

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Hearing from men in Uganda: Experiences with HIV services and prevention programming, and perceptions of DREAMS—Findings from DREAMS implementation science research. Population Council, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv16.1001.

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HIV prevention efforts across sub-Saharan Africa are increasingly focused on engaging men, for their own health and that of their partners and families. We examined experiences with HIV services and prevention programing among men in Uganda whose partners were enrolled in DREAMS, a large-scale initiative to reduce new HIV infections among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW). The study is part of the Population Council’s implementation science research portfolio on the DREAMS Partnership.

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Community approaches and government policy reduce HIV risk in the Dominican Republic. Population Council, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv15.1003.

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Effective programs that avert new HIV infections among sex workers and their partners, and hence the general population, are critical components of national HIV-prevention strategies. Prevention efforts have frequently relied on interventions that reach members of these vulnerable groups as individuals, such as condom promotion and STI management. Now, many researchers and program implementers are increasingly turning to “environmental-structural” interventions that address the physical, social, and political contexts in which individual behavior takes place. A recent Horizons study conducted jointly with two Dominican NGOs—Centro de Orientación e Investigación Integral and Centro de Promoción e Solidaridad Humana—and the National Program for the Control of STDs and AIDS assessed the impact of two environmental-structural models in reducing HIV-related risk among female sex workers in the Dominican Republic and compared their cost-effectiveness. As detailed in this brief, the models, built on years of experience gained from sex worker peer education programs, drew from the strengths of both community solidarity and government policy initiatives and engaged community members in both program and policy development.

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Hearing from men in Eswatini: Shifts in HIV risk and service uptake—Findings from DREAMS implementation science research. Population Council, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv16.1000.

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HIV prevention efforts across sub-Saharan Africa are increasingly focused on engaging men, for their own health and that of their partners and families. We examined whether and how HIV risk and protective factors are changing among men in Eswatini (formerly Swaziland)—a country with a substantial HIV burden. The study is part of the Population Council’s implementation science research portfolio on the DREAMS Partnership1, a large-scale initiative to reduce new HIV infections among adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) and their partners.

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Hearing from men in South Africa: Shifts in HIV risk and service uptake—Findings from DREAMS implementation science research. Population Council, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv16.1002.

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HIV prevention efforts across sub-Saharan Africa are increasingly focused on engaging men, for their own health and that of their partners and families. We examined whether and how HIV risk and protective factors are changing among men in Durban, South Africa—a country with a substantial HIV burden. The study is part of the Population Council’s implementation science research portfolio on the DREAMS Partnership, a large-scale initiative to reduce new HIV infections among adolescent girls and young women and their partners.

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Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men and injecting drug users and validation of audio computer-assisted self interview (ACASI) technique in Abuja, Lagos, and Ibadan, Nigeria: Technical report. Population Council, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv14.1004.

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Most-at-risk populations (MARPS), including men who have sex with men (MSM) and injecting drug users (IDUs), represent 1 percent of Nigeria’s population yet account for 38 percent of new HIV infections. Despite their elevated risk, MSM and IDUs are less likely than the general population to access HIV prevention and sexual health services because of stigmatization. There is a dearth of data on prevalence of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among MSM and IDUs because their behaviors make them difficult to be reached programmatically and engaged in research. While the need for HIV and STI prevalence data is clear, there is also a need to improve the quality and reliability of behavioral data collected for national surveillance, where these stigmatized subpopulations may underreport sensitive behaviors that put them most at risk. This technical report provides details of a study that sought to determine the prevalence of HIV and STIs and sexual and injecting risk behaviors in MSM and male IDUs, and determine if Audio Computer-Assisted Self Interviews provide more accurate reporting of risk behaviors than face-to-face interviewing.

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Prevalence of sexually transmitted infections among men who have sex with men and injecting drug users and validation of audio computer-assisted self interview (ACASI) technique in Abuja, Lagos, and Ibadan, Nigeria: Report Fact Sheet. Population Council, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv14.1005.

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Abstract (sommario):

Most-at-risk populations (MARPS), including men who have sex with men (MSM) and injecting drug users (IDUs), represent only 1 percent of Nigeria’s population yet account for 38 percent of new HIV infections. Despite their elevated risk, MSM and IDUs are less likely than the general population to access HIV prevention and sexual health services because of stigmatization. There is a dearth of data on prevalence of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) among MSM and IDUs because their behaviors make them difficult to be reached programmatically and engaged in research. While the need for HIV and STI prevalence data is clear, there is also a need to improve the quality and reliability of behavioral data collected for national surveillance, where these stigmatized subpopulations may underreport sensitive behaviors that put them most at risk. As noted in this fact sheet, computer-based interviewing systems are becoming an accepted alternative to face-to-face interviews, providing an efficient and replicable research tool for collecting sensitive behavioral data.

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