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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "HIV infections"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 30 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "HIV infections"

Anastasi, Attilio, Francesco Capodanno e Lodovico Parmegiani. "Report on viral infections in ART". Research Innovation Views Embryology Reproduction 1, n. 1 (15 aprile 2024): 33–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.57582/river.240101.033.

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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are widespread infectious agents. In developed countries, effective therapies have turned potentially lethal HCV, HBV and HIV infections into chronic diseases with a good quality of life, also in terms of reproductive chances. Serodiscordant status is the condition in which only one partner is HIV, HBV and/or HCV positive. In fertile serodiscordant couples, natural conception should be encouraged following specific prophylactic strategies, while infertile serodiscordant couples should be referred for treatment performed using assisted reproduction technology (ART). ART centers working with serodiscordant couples must set up an internal management and control system to guarantee the safety of operators, uninfected patients, gametes and embryos, and also of the fetus, especially during the cryopreservation step. Herein we summarize general features of HIV, HBV and HCV infection, their possible impact on human reproduction, and laboratory recommendations to achieve safe management of serodiscordant couples seeking pregnancy through ART. KEY WORDS: Viral infections, HBV, HCV, HIV, contamination.

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Makuza, Jean Damascene, Marie Paul Nisingizwe, Jean Olivier Twahirwa Rwema, Donatha Dushimiyimana, Dominique Savio Habimana, Sabine Umuraza, Janvier Serumondo et al. "Role of unsafe medical practices and sexual behaviours in the hepatitis B and C syndemic and HIV co-infection in Rwanda: a cross-sectional study". BMJ Open 10, n. 7 (luglio 2020): e036711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2019-036711.

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ObjectivesThis study describes the burden of the hepatitis B, C and HIV co-infections and assesses associated risk factors.SettingThis analysis used data from a viral hepatitis screening campaign conducted in six districts in Rwanda from April to May 2019. Ten health centres per district were selected according to population size and distance.ParticipantsThe campaign collected information from 156 499 participants (51 496 males and 104 953 females) on sociodemographic, clinical and behavioural characteristics. People who were not Rwandan by nationality or under 15 years old were excluded.Primary and secondary outcomesThe outcomes of interest included chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, HIV infection, co-infection HIV/HBV, co-infection HIV/HCV, co-infection HBV/HCV and co-infection HCV/HBV/HIV. Multivariable logistic regressions were used to assess factors associated with HBV, HCV and HIV, mono and co-infections.ResultsOf 156 499 individuals screened, 3465 (2.2%) were hepatitis B surface antigen positive and 83% (2872/3465) of them had detectable HBV desoxy-nucleic acid (HBV DNA). A total of 4382 (2.8%) individuals were positive for antibody-HCV (anti-HCV) and 3163 (72.2%) had detectable HCV ribo-nucleic acid (RNA). Overall, 36 (0.02%) had HBV/HCV co-infection, 153 (0.1%) HBV/HIV co-infection, 238 (0.15%) HCV/HIV co-infection and 3 (0.002%) had triple infection. Scarification or receiving an operation from traditional healer was associated with all infections. Healthcare risk factors—history of surgery or transfusion—were associated with higher likelihood of HIV infection with OR 1.42 (95% CI 1.21 to 1.66) and OR 1.48 (1.29 to 1.70), respectively, while history of physical traumatic assault was associated with a higher likelihood of HIV and HBV/HIV co-infections with OR 1.69 (95% CI 1.51 to 1.88) and OR 1.82 (1.08 to 3.05), respectively.ConclusionsOverall, mono-infections were common and there were differences in significant risk factors associated with various infections. These findings highlight the magnitude of co-infections and differences in underlying risk factors that are important for designing prevention and care programmes.

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Prasetyo, Afiono Agung, Paramasari Dirgahayu, Yulia Sari, Hudiyono Hudiyono e Seiji Kageyama. "Molecular epidemiology of HIV, HBV, HCV, and HTLV-1/2 in drug abuser inmates in central Javan prisons, Indonesia". Journal of Infection in Developing Countries 7, n. 06 (15 giugno 2013): 453–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.3855/jidc.2965.

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Introduction: This study was conducted to determine the current molecular prevalence of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis D virus (HDV), and human T lymphotropic virus-1/2 (HTLV-1/2) circulating among drug abuser inmates incarcerated in prisons located in Central Java, Indonesia. Methodology: Socio-epidemiological data and blood specimens were collected from 375 drug abuser inmates in four prisons. The blood samples were analyzed with serological and molecular testing for HIV, HBV, HCV, HDV, and HTLV-1/2. Results: The seroprevalence of HIV, HBsAg, HCV, HDV, and HTLV-1/2 in drug abuser inmates was 4.8% (18/375), 3.2% (12/375), 34.1% (128/375), 0% (0/375), and 3.7% (14/375), respectively. No co-infections of HIV and HBV were found. Co-infections of HIV/HCV, HIV/HTLV-1/2, HBV/HCV, HBV/HTLV-1/2, and HCV/HTLV-1/2 were prevalent at rates of 4% (15/375), 1.3% (5/375), 1.1% (4/375), 0.3% (1/375), and 2.1% (8/375), respectively. The HIV/HCV co-infection rate was significantly higher in injection drug users (IDUs) compared to non-IDUs. Triple co-infection of HIV/HCV/HTLV-1/2 was found only in three IDUs (0.8%). HIV CRF01_AE was found to be circulating in the inmates. HBV genotype B3 predominated, followed by C1. Subtypes adw and adr were found. HCV genotype 1a predominated among HCV-infected inmates, followed by 1c, 3k, 3a, 4a, and 1b. All HTLV-1 isolates shared 100% homology with HTLV-1 isolated in Japan, while all of the HTLV-2 isolates were subtype 2a. Conclusion: Drug abuser inmates in prisons may offer a unique community to bridge prevention and control of human blood-borne virus infection to the general community.

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Lokpo, Sylvester Yao, Mavis Popuelle Dakorah, Gameli Kwame Norgbe, James Osei-Yeboah, Godwin Adzakpah, Isaac Sarsah, John Gameli Deku et al. "The Burden and Trend of Blood-Borne Pathogens among Asymptomatic Adult Population in Akwatia: A Retrospective Study at the St. Dominic Hospital, Ghana". Journal of Tropical Medicine 2017 (2017): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3452513.

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Background. This study was aimed at evaluating the seroprevalence and trend of blood-borne pathogens (HIV, HCV, HBV, and Syphilis) among asymptomatic adults at Akwatia during a four-year period (2013–2016). Materials and Methods. The study was a retrospective analysis of secondary data of blood donors who visited the hospital from January 2013 to December 2016. Archival data from 11,436 prospective donors was extracted. Data included age, sex, and place of residence as well as results of infectious markers (HIV, HBV, HCV, and Syphilis). Results. The prevalence of blood-borne pathogens in the donor population was 4.06%, 7.23%, 5.81%, and 10.42% for HIV, HBV, HCV, and Syphilis infections, respectively. A significant decline in HBV and HCV infections was observed in the general donor population and across genders. HIV infection rate remained steady while Syphilis infections recorded a significantly increasing trend, peaking in the year 2015 (14.20%). Age stratification in HBV infection was significant, peaking among age group 40–49 years (8.82%). Conclusion. Asymptomatic blood-borne pathogen burden was high among the adult population in Akwatia. Gender variations in HBV, HCV, and Syphilis infections in the cumulative four-year burden were observed. Awareness needs to be created, especially in the older generation.

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Kamuanga, Michael, Jean-Pierre Lubaki, Patrick Ngangu, Aliocha Natuhoyila, Ernest Kiswaya e Philippe Ngwala. "Profile of Homosexuals, Bisexuals, and Transgender People in Kinshasa, the Democratic Republic of the Congo: A Cross-Sectional Study". Central African Journal of Public Health 10, n. 2 (11 aprile 2024): 100–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.11648/j.cajph.20241002.15.

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Introduction: It has been established that homosexuality plays a considerable role in the persistence of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), Hepatitis B Virus (HBV), and Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) infections, but data related to their extent remains paradoxically fragmentary. Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence and determinants of viral infection (Human Immunodeficiency Virus and hepatic viral infections) among homosexuals, bisexuals, and transgenders in Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo. Methods: Between February 1 and March 30, 2022, an analytical cross-sectional study was conducted among Kinshasa's homosexual, bisexual, and transgender populations. The snowball method was used to choose participants from homosexuals’ organisations. Sociodemographic information and the prevalence of viral infections (HIV, HBV, and HCV) were included as study parameters. The determinants of viral infections were found using multivariate logistic regression. Results: A total of 555 participants (mean age: 28.5±7.8 years, unmarried: 44.9%) were enrolled. Human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis B, and hepatitis C infection rates were, respectively, 31.5%, 6.3%, and 9.7% prevalent. HIV-HCV, HIV-HBV, and HIV-HBV-HCV coinfection rates were 4.7%, 4.1%, and 0.7%, respectively. HIV and HBV infection had the same risk factors namely piercing, incarceration, prostitution, and non-condom usage. HCV infection was more pronounced among individuals with piercing, STIs and a previous occurrence of jaundice. Conclusion: In Kinshasa, HIV, HBV, and HCV infections were widespread among homosexuals, bisexuals, and transgender people. Actions targeting LBGTs are essential to reduce HIV, HCV and HBV infections transmission in the community.

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Sukegawa, Shintaro, Yuka Sukegawa, Kazuaki Hasegawa, Sawako Ono, Tomoya Nakamura, Ai Fujimura, Ayaka Fujisawa et al. "The Effectiveness of Pre-Operative Screening Tests in Determining Viral Infections in Patients Undergoing Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery". Healthcare 10, n. 7 (20 luglio 2022): 1348. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10071348.

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We analyzed the rate of patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), or human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection diagnosed by pre-operative screening and estimated its cost. We retrospectively analyzed patients who underwent elective surgery at our maxillofacial surgery department between April 2014 and March 2022. We compared the number of patients with each infection identified by pre-operative screening and a pre-operative questionnaire. We also compared the prevalence of infections with varying age, sex, and oral diseases, and calculated the cost of screening per positive result. The prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV was 0.39% (62/15,842), 0.76% (153/15,839), and 0.07% (10/12,745), respectively. The self-reported rates were as follows: HBV, 63.4% (26/41); HCV, 50.4% (62/123); HIV, 87.5% (7/8). Differences in sex were statistically significant for all infectious diseases; age significantly affected HBV and HCV rates. There was no association between the odds ratio of oral disease and viral infections. The cost per positive result was $1873.8, $905.8, and $11,895.3 for HBV, HCV, and HIV, respectively. Although self-assessment using questionnaires is partially effective, it has inadequate screening accuracy. Formulating an auxiliary diagnosis of infectious diseases with oral diseases was challenging. The cost determined was useful for hepatitis, but not HIV.

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Todović, Ljiljana, M. Vujović, B. Drakul e N. Hadživuković. "Blood transmitted diseases prevention and prophylaxis after exposure". Inspirium, n. 9 (2014): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/insp1411024t.

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Infections transmitted by blood are infections where the infectious agent from the blood of one person is transmitted to the other person. These infections usually occur in hospitals and other places of hospitality. A large number of pathogens are transmitted through blood. Except of bacteria and viruses, as the most common pathogens that are transmitted through blood, there has been proven the transfer of the fungus, parasites and spirochetes through blood. Viruses that are the most frequently transmitted through blood and represent the highest risk of infection are: Hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The primary way to prevent transmission HBV, HCV and HIV in hospitals is to avoid occupational exposure of blood. You need to know that for HBV, HCV and HIV infection exist post exposure prophylaxis (PEP), which refers to a set of measures and procedures which prevent the transmission of pathogens transmitted through blood and other body fluids individuals who are infected.

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O. P, Famoni, Oyinloye J. M. A, Okiki P. A, Daramola G. O, Ojerinde A. O e Ajayi O. D. "Prevalence of HBV Co-infections with HCV and HIV among Blood Donors in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria". Journal of Advances in Microbiology 24, n. 5 (9 maggio 2024): 6–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jamb/2024/v24i5822.

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Blood is a life-saving resource. Despite the significance of blood transfusion in saving a millions life in emergencies and medical treatment, the safety of blood transfusion faced challenges of transmitting life threatening transfusion transmissible infectious agents such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The study was carried out to determine the sero-prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV and co-infections among blood donors in Ado-Ekiti, Nigeria. A total of five hundred (500) prospective blood donors age ranged from 18 to 60 years attending Ekiti State University Teaching Hospital between May to November, 2019 were recruited for the study. Prospective study was based on questionnaires administered to generate socio-demographics and a 5ml venous blood samples were obtained from each blood donors and the plasma was used for determination of hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and anti-HCV using immunoassay rapid test kit (RTK) Diaspot, Belgium and HIV-1 and HIV-2 Determine Alere Medical ,Japan and further tested with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) Biorad Monolisa, France). The prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV were 4.8%, 1.2% and 1.8% respectively, while co-infections with HBV/ HIV and HBV/HCV were 0.2% and 0.2% respectively and there was no case of triple infections among the blood donors. The incidence rate was high in HBV followed by HIV and HCV. The use of RTK and ELISA for screening of blood donor for HBsAg, anti HCV and HIV in terms of their sensitively and specificity showed that ELISA is more sensitive than RTK while RTK is more specific than ELISA. From the retrospective study age and gender distribution was not statistically significant (P > 0.05). A significance difference was observed between married blood donors and HIV infection (P < 0.05) and also blood donors with history of blood transfusion showed statistical significant to HBV and HCV (P < 0.05). The prevalence of HBV, HCV and HIV infections among blood donors were found to be statistically associated with smoking, alcohol consumption, surgical operation, multiple sex partners and tattooing (P < 0.05). This study shows that the prevalence of HBV infection in Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State ,Nigeria was higher than HCV and HIV, hence there is need to increase public awareness of the socio-cultural practices that contribute to the transmission of infection.

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Anh, Le Hieu Thuy, e Suchada Thaweesit. "FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH HEPATITIS B AND C CO-INFECTION AMONG PEOPLE LIVING WITH HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS IN VIETNAM". Belitung Nursing Journal 5, n. 4 (28 agosto 2019): 147–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.33546/bnj.813.

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Background: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and hepatitis C virus (HCV) are the leading causes of death from infectious diseases. Because of sharing same transmission routes, the co-infection of HIV with HBV or HCV is common. And the co-infections make HIV infected persons have higher morbidity and mortality than those who infected only with HIV. This study aims to investigate factors that may have influence on the co-infections of HBV or HCV among HIV positive individuals.Objective: The goals of this study were to identify factors associated with the co-infection of HBV or HCV among people living with HIV. Methods: Quantitative research method was applied in this study to examine factors associated with HBV or HCV co-infection among HIV infected people. A total of 250 HIV infected individuals in Khanh Hoa province, Vietnam were the sample of this study. It employed the Social Ecological Model (SEM) as a theoretical perspective that focused on multiple levels of factors. Descriptive statistic was used to describe the general characteristics of the respondents. And Binary logistic regression was carried out to measure the influence of factors on the co-infection. Results: The multivariate analysis of this study showed that HIV-HBV co-infection was associated significantly with residents of Nha Trang (OR= 7.179). Regarding HIV-HCV co-infection, being men (OR= 7.617), unemployed (OR= 4.013), a resident of Nha Trang (OR=10.894) and an injecting drug user (OR= 16.688) were risk factors of the co-infection.Conclusions: This study recommended that intervention strategies to prevent HIV-positive individuals from co-infection with either HBV or HCV should focuses on altering individuals’ risk behaviors and their socio-economic environments. Also, specific preventing programs should be implemented and focus on unemployed populations, injecting drug users, men in general, as well as people living in particular areas, especially cities having a large number of people living with HIV.

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Dickson-Spillmann, Maria, Severin Haug, Ambros Uchtenhagen, Philip Bruggmann e Michael P. Schaub. "Rates of HIV and Hepatitis Infections in Clients Entering Heroin-Assisted Treatment between 2003 and 2013 and Risk Factors for Hepatitis C Infection". European Addiction Research 22, n. 4 (11 dicembre 2015): 181–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000441973.

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Background/Aims: We report on the rates of hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in 1,313 clients entering heroin-assisted treatment (HAT) in Switzerland from 2003 to 2013. We identify predictors of HCV infection. Methods: Data were collected using questionnaires within 2 weeks of clients' first entry into HAT. Prevalence of HAV, HBV, HCV and HIV was calculated using laboratory test results collected at entry or using reports of older test results. Predictors of HCV status were identified through multiple logistic regression analysis. Results: Results show stable rates of HIV-positive clients and decreasing proportions of HAV- and HBV-infected clients. In 2013, there were 12% (n = 8) HIV-, 20% (n = 12) HAV-, 20% (n = 12) HBV- and 52% HCV- (n = 34) positive clients. Vaccination against HAV and HBV had become more frequent. Predictors of positive HCV status included older age, female gender, earlier year of entry, having spent 1 month or more in detention or prison, use of injected heroin and more years of intravenous use. Conclusion: Our results highlight the fact that efforts to prevent and test for infections and to promote vaccination against HAV and HBV in heroin users need to be continued.

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Tesi sul tema "HIV infections"

Чемич, Оксана Миколаївна, Оксана Николаевна Чемич, Oksana Mykolaivna Chemych, Я. Л. Кравцова e А. А. Олефір. "Structure of opportunistic infections in patients with HIV- infection". Thesis, Sumy State University, 2018. http://essuir.sumdu.edu.ua/handle/123456789/74893.

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Діагностика першої та другої стадій ВІЛ-інфекції низька. Опортуністичні інфекції та супутні захворювання посилюють перебіг ВІЛ-інфекції. Найбільш поширеною опортуністичною інфекцією є кандидоз ротоглотки. У структурі супутньої патології переважають хронічні вірусні гепатити С і метаболічна кардіоміопатія.
Диагностика первой и второй стадии ВИЧ-инфекции невысока. Оппортунистические инфекции и сопутствующие заболевания обостряют течение ВИЧ-инфекции. Наиболее распространенной оппортунистической инфекцией является кандидоз ротоглотки. Хронический вирусный гепатит С и метаболическая кардиомиопатия преобладают в структуре сопутствующей патологии.
Diagnosis of the first and second stages of HIV-infection is low. Opportunistic infections and concomitant illnesses aggravate the course of HIV-infection. The most common opportunistic infection is oropharyngeal candidiasis. Chronic viral hepatitis C and metabolic cardiomyopathy are predominate in the structure of concomitant pathology.

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Uccellini, L. "HOST GENETIC INFLUENCE ON HIV AND HCV INFECTIONS". Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/215587.

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In patients with chronic hepatitis C, the hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA level is an important predictor of treatment response. To explore the relationship of HCV RNA with viral and demographic factors, as well as IL28B genotype, we examined viral levels in an ethnically diverse group of injection drug users (IDUs). Between 1998 and 2000, the Urban Health Study (UHS) recruited IDUs from street settings in San Francisco Bay area neighborhoods. Participants who were positive by HCV EIA were tested for HCV viremia by a bDNA assay. HCV genotype was determined by sequencing the HCV NS5B region. For a subset of participants, IL28B rs12979860 genotype was determined by Taqman. Among 1701 participants with HCV viremia, median age was 46 years and median duration of injection drug use was 26 years; 56.0% were African American and 34.0% were of European ancestry (non-Hispanic). HIV-1 prevalence was 13.9%. The overall median HCV RNA level was 6.45 log10 copies/ml. In unadjusted analyses, higher levels were found with older age, male gender, African American ancestry, HBV infection, HIV-1 infection and IL28B rs12979860-CC genotype; compared to participants infected with HCV genotype 1, HCV RNA was lower in participants with genotype 3 or genotype 4. In an adjusted analysis, age, gender, racial ancestry, HIV-1 infection, HCV genotype and IL28B rs12979860 genotype were all independently associated with HCV RNA. The level of HCV viremia is influenced by a large number of demographic, viral and human genetic factors. HIV The clinical course of HIV-1 infection is highly variable among individuals, at least in part as a result of genetic polymorphisms in the host. Toll-like receptors (TLR) play a crucial role in the host’s innate immunity and may influence HIV-1 disease progression. The transcription factor IRF-5 is an important player in the TLR-MyD88 signaling cascade. We investigated the impact of two SNPs in TLR9 gene, rs352139 and rs352140, and two SNPs in IRF5 gene, rs10954213 and rs11770589, on CD4 count, HIV viral load, and clinical progression in a cohort of HIV-infected patients. Two SNPs in TLR9 and IRF5 are in linkage disequilibrium and rs352140GA TLR9 was associated with the rapid progressors phenotype: for rs352140 GG+GA versus AA, P = 0.025, OR= 0.5479, confidence interval (CI) 0.31-0.97. No other association was found between TLR9 and IRF5 SNPs and viral load, CD4 count or other clinical data. Rapid progression of HIV-1 infection was associated with TLR9 polymorphisms. Because of its potential implications for intervention strategies and vaccine developments, additional epidemiological and experimental studies are needed to confirm this association.

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Nelson, Patrick William. "Mathematical models of HIV pathogenesis and immunology /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/6783.

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Takehisa, Jun. "HIV Mixed Infections and Recombination". Kyoto University, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/181727.

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Lau, Katherine Aik Hee. "Biology and molecular biology of new HIV-1 recombinant forms from Malaysia". Connect to full text, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2123/4129.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Sydney, 2009.
Title from title screen (viewed 31 March 2009). Submitted in fulfilment of the of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy to the Discipline of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine. Degree awarded 2009; thesis submitted 2008. Includes bibliographical references. Also available in print form.

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Falconer, Karolin. "HIV-1/HCV co-infection immunity and viral dynamics /". Stockholm, 2010. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2010/978-91-7409-762-7/.

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Cherner, Mariana. "Ethnicity and the experience of stress, coping, social support, and depressive symptoms in persons infected with HIV /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC campuses, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p9804025.

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Vödrös, Dalma. "Receptor use of primate lentiviruses /". Stockholm, 2003. http://diss.kib.ki.se/2003/91-7349-497-6/.

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Schmidt, Fabian. "On the evolution of HIV-1 virulence". Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2014. https://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.708265.

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Long, Elizabeth Michelle. "Genetic and co-receptor characterization of viral diversity early in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection /". Thesis, Connect to this title online; UW restricted, 2001. http://hdl.handle.net/1773/4997.

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Libri sul tema "HIV infections"

Michael, Glick, a cura di. Infections, infectious diseases and dentistry. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co., 2003.

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M, Fanning Mary, a cura di. HIV infection: A clinical appoach. 2^a ed. Philadelphia: Saunders, 1997.

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Social Policy Research Group (Zambia). Orphans, widows, and widowers in Zambia: A situation analysis and options for HIV/AIDS survival assistance. Lusaka, Zambia: Institute for African Studies, University of Zambia, 1993.

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Schifter, Jacobo. Las gavetas sexuales del costarricense y el riesgo de infección con el VIH. San José, Costa Rica: Editorial Imediex, 1996.

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1940-, Fauci Anthony S., e Pantaleo G, a cura di. Immunopathogenesis of HIV infection. Berlin: Springer, 1997.

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Murphy, Siobhan M. HIV infection and AIDS. 2^a ed. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 2000.

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Bernard, Edwin J. Criminal HIV transmission. London: NAM, 2007.

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Neu, Harold C. Focus on HIV: Proceedings of an international symposium, Brochet Hall Hertfordshire, 23-26 September 1992. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1993.

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M, Parkin J., a cura di. HIV and AIDS. Oxford, UK: Bios Scientific Publishers, 1994.

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Scottish Committee on HIV Infection and Intravenous Drug Misuse. HIV infection in Scotland. (Scotland): Scottish Home and Health Department, 1986.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "HIV infections"

Vachon, Marie-Louise C., Alicia C. Stivala e Douglas T. Dieterich. "HIV/HCV and HIV/HBV Co-infections". In Mount Sinai Expert Guides: Hepatology, 78–95. Oxford, UK: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118748626.ch7.

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Harr, Jeffrey N., Philip F. Stahel, Phillip D. Levy, Antoine Vieillard-Baron, Yang Xue, Muhammad N. Iqbal, Jeffrey Chan et al. "HIV Infections". In Encyclopedia of Intensive Care Medicine, 1121–27. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00418-6_50.

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Morgello, Susan. "HIV". In Neurotropic Viral Infections, 21–74. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-33189-8_2.

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Harr, Jeffrey N., Philip F. Stahel, Phillip D. Levy, Antoine Vieillard-Baron, Yang Xue, Muhammad N. Iqbal, Jeffrey Chan et al. "HIV, GI Infections". In Encyclopedia of Intensive Care Medicine, 1133–35. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-00418-6_54.

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Mokaya, Kemunto, e Toby Maurer. "HIV/Opportunistic Infections". In Clinical and Basic Immunodermatology, 359–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29785-9_20.

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Enzensberger, Wolfgang, Walter Royal, Karl M. Einhäupl e Werner Hacke. "HIV Infection and Associated Opportunistic Infections". In Neurocritical Care, 500–511. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-87602-8_47.

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Bobat, Raziya, e Moherndran Archary. "HIV Infection". In Viral Infections in Children, Volume I, 69–100. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-54033-7_3.

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Koay, Wei Li A., e Allison L. Agwu. "Management of HIV-Exposed Infants". In Neonatal Infections, 127–34. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90038-4_14.

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Young, Hugh, e Marie Ogilvie. "Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV-1 and HIV-2) (Acquired immune deficiency syndrome; AIDS)". In Genitourinary Infections, 239–67. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-5080-6_8.

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Corral, Iñigo, e Carmen Quereda. "The Neurological Spectrum of HIV Infection". In CNS Infections, 299–327. London: Springer London, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-6401-2_15.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "HIV infections"

Darvishian, Maryam, Carmine Rossi, Stanley Wong, Amanda Yu, Jason Wong, Jane Buxton, Mark Gilbert et al. "P386 Cancer risk among people with HIV, HBV and/or HCV infections". In Abstracts for the STI & HIV World Congress (Joint Meeting of the 23rd ISSTDR and 20th IUSTI), July 14–17, 2019, Vancouver, Canada. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/sextrans-2019-sti.481.

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Xu, Chang. "Advances in treating HIV-1 infections". In International Conference on Biological Engineering and Medical Science (ICBIOMed2022), a cura di Gary Royle e Steven M. Lipkin. SPIE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2669621.

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Dzhuvalyakov, Pavel, Dmitry Bogomolov e Julia Zbrueva. "The relevance of the question of the study of a corpse with suspected HIV". In Issues of determining the severity of harm caused to human health as a result of the impact of a biological factor. ru: Publishing Center RIOR, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29039/conferencearticle_5fdcb03a696517.02994233.

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HIV infection is a disease caused by the human immunodeficiency virus, characterized by acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, which contributes to the occurrence of secondary infections and malignant tumors due to deep inhibition of the body's protective properties. Today, the world is experiencing a pandemic of HIV infection, the incidence of the world's population, especially in Eastern Europe, is growing steadily.

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Bansal, R., A. Surana e H. K. Kayanja. "Infections in HIV: Look Once, Look Again". In American Thoracic Society 2020 International Conference, May 15-20, 2020 - Philadelphia, PA. American Thoracic Society, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2020.201.1_meetingabstracts.a5477.

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Kerschberger, B., N. Ntshalintshali, M. Mafomisa, E. Mabhena, M. Daka, E. Mukooza, SV Dlamini et al. "High burden of sexually transmitted infections and poor diagnostic performance of syndromic approaches within a decentralised HIV care setting in Eswatini". In MSF Scientific Day International 2023. NYC: MSF-USA, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57740/4e0e-e138.

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INTRODUCTION Sexually transmitted infections (STI’s) are a public health threat. Syndromic approaches based on clinical symptoms have been suggested as having poor diagnostic performance, particularly in the type of settings where MSF is operational. We assessed the burden of STI’s and the diagnostic performance of a syndromic approach within an MSF-supported HIV/STI project in Eswatini. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional study, enrolling adults accessing routine HIV testing and antiretroviral care services in six clinics in Shiselweni, from July 2022 to January 2023. HIV testing counselors performed HIV testing and nurses assessed patients for STI’s. Laboratory investigations included antibody-based rapid diagnostic tests (RDT’s) for Treponema pallidum (TP), hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HBC). The molecular platform Xpert was used to test urine samples for Chlamydia trachomatis (CT), Neisseria gonorrhoea (NG), Trichomonas vaginalis (TV), Mycoplasma genitalium (MG), vaginal/anal swabs for human papillomavirus (HPV), and plasma for HIV viraemia to test for acute HIV infection (HIV). We calculated the prevalence of STI’s, and assessed diagnostic performance of a syndromic approach to diagnose male urethritis (MUS) and vaginal discharge (VDS) syndromes, versus laboratory-based testing. ETHICS This study was approved by the Eswatini Health and Human Research Review Board and by the MSF Ethics Review Board. RESULTS Of 1,041 study participants, 682 were women (65.5%), and the median age was 30 (interquartile range, IQR, 24-38) years. Overall, 280 (26.9%) were known HIV-positive and of 755 with unknown HIV status, 30 (4.0%) were newly diagnosed with HIV, of whom seven (23.3%) had AHI. 308 (29.6%) patients had at least one of the following three pathogens identified: NG 121 (11.6%); CT 155 (14.9%); TV 109 (10.5%). MG was detected in 33/330 participants (10.0%). In addition, 105 (10.1%) had antibodies against TP, 49 (4.7%) against HBV, and three (0.3%) against HCV. HPV prevalence was higher in tested women (104/196; 53.1%) versus men (5/27; 18.5%; p=0.001). Prevalence of NG/CT/TP was highest in newly-diagnosed HIV cases (48.2%) versus known HIV-positive cases (26.8%, p=0.019). Based on the syndromic approach, 188/634 (29.7%) had a VDS, and 97/334 (29.0%) a MUS. Diagnostic performance of the syndromic approach was better in men (MUS: sensitivity: 66.7%, specificity 87.5%; positive predictive value, PPV, 70.1%, negative predictive value, NPV, 85.7%), versus women (VDS: sensitivity 35.9%, specificity 72.9%; PPV 35.1%, NPV 73.5%). CONCLUSION A high burden of STI’s in Eswatini and poor diagnostic ability of the syndromic approach in this setting, calls for new approaches for STI care in MSF-supported sexual and reproductive health programmes in resource-poor settings. CONFLICTS OF INTEREST None declared

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Tulio, Robertha, e Rômulo Machado Balmant. "Dental care for HIV positive patients - care and importance - case report". In II INTERNATIONAL SEVEN MULTIDISCIPLINARY CONGRESS. Seven Congress, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.56238/homeinternationalanais-087.

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Abstract Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is caused by the "Lentivirus" family of retroviruses, called HIV-1. This syndrome is defined as an infectious disease of viral origin, with its manifestation interspersed in peaks and troughs, with a pathophysiology involving the compromising of the immune system, causing the defense system to not operate correctly, leaving the patient susceptible to the development of infections.

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Hu, Bin, e Sarah L. Kieweg. "Numerical Study of Epithelial Deformation During Vaginal Application of a Viscoelastic Gel Using a Fluid-Structure Interaction Model". In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80783.

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This paper is one of the components of our research on how to optimize polymeric anti-HIV gels, microbicides [1]. Microbicides are delivered to the vaginal epithelium to protect it from HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Microbicides may provide a physical barrier amplifying the normal vaginal defenses, as well as destroy the pathogens chemically or inhibit viral infection. Microbicides are a promising solution to provide a low-cost, female-controlled method for protection against HIV and other sexually transmitted pathogens.

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Lusher, J. M., L. M. Aledort, M. Hiltgartner, J. Mosley e E. Operskalski. "TRANSMISSION OF HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS INFECTION TO HOUSEHOLD CONTACTS OF PERSONS WITH CONGENITAL HEMATOLOGIC DISORDERS". In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644679.

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The Transfusion Safety Study is collecting data concerning the transmission of transfusion-acquired infections from patients with congenital hematologic disorders to household members. Of 233 patients for whom information is presently available, 128 (55%) were anti-HIV-positive. The 128 positive patients lived in 123 households with 174 members; 16 contacts were positive by EIA and immunoblot.These data provide further evidence of relatively high risk of HIV infection of sexual contacts. The three anti-HIV-positive children are all infants born to anti-HIV-positive wivesof infected hemophiliacs. Passively acquired antibody has not been excluded for two; the third was positive at ten months of age. Thus, vertical transmission may be a very important mechanism of perpetuating the HIV reservoir.

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Süer, Kaya, Omid Mirzaei, Kadir Yelmi e Aslı Aykaç. "The Relationship Between Drug Addiction and Significant Infectious Diseases". In Panel on "Effective Drug Control Strategies in Northern Cyprus: Challenges and Opportunities in 2024". Emanate Publishing House Ltd., 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.70020/ehass.2024.7.4.

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Substance addiction can be explained as individuals’ unrestrained desire to consume a substance although such consumption harms their mental, physical, and social lives. Addicts are exposed to stigmatization and discrimination, which limits their ability to get the help they need. In 2021, one in every 17 people between the ages of 15 and 64 was found to be using drugs, which is a 23% increase compared to 10 years ago. In addition to overdose, hepatitis C virus (HCV) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are the leading causes of deaths related to drug use. Research on drug use by gender shows that men were more likely to be addicted to drugs than women with opioids being the most used resulting in about two-thirds of drug-related deaths occur among opioid users. HCV and HIV infection are the two most important parameters for intravenous drug users. In the context of WHO's HCV and HIV elimination projects, the key points are particularly at-risk groups. For this reason, treatment options and education of the population at key points in terms of both viral infections should be planned primarily without allowing stigmatization and discrimination in terms of public health.

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Hu, Bin, e Sarah L. Kieweg. "The Effect of Surface Tension on the Epithelial Spreading of Non-Newtonian Drug Delivery Vehicles: Numerical Simulations". In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-206565.

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This paper is one of the components of our research on how to optimize polymeric drug delivery vehicles. One of the applications is in the topical delivery of anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) gels called microbicides [1]. Microbicides are delivered to vaginal or rectal epithelium to protect it from HIV and other sexually transmitted infections. Microbicides may provide a physical barrier amplifying the normal vaginal defense, as well as destroy the pathogens chemically or inhibit viral infection. The microbicide may consist of an anti-HIV active agent in some delivery vehicle, such as a gel, cream or foam. Microbicides are a promising solution to provide a low-cost, female-controlled method for protection against HIV and other sexually transmitted pathogens.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "HIV infections"

Zheng, Ruo-xiang, Xun Li, Jing Li, Zhen-wei Liu, Feng Jiang, Nicola Robinson e Jian-ping Liu. Does Chinese herbal remedy Tangcao tablet work for the treatment of HIV/AIDS：a systematic review of controlled clinical trials. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, giugno 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.6.0042.

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Review question / Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Tangcao tablet (Tangcao) for treating people with HIV/AIDS. Condition being studied: Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) is a chronic infectious disease characterized by severe immunodeficiency caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). The infection attacks specifically the white blood cells, CD4+T (CD4) cells, weakening the immunity of individuals against infections such as tuberculosis. Without treatment, patients with AIDS may survive up to 2 years. Pneumocystis pneumonia and infections of the central nervous system are two of the most common causes of death in people with AIDS. AIDS still remains a significant global public health problem, with an estimated 37.7 million people infected with HIV at the end of 2020.

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Jejeebhoy, Shireen, e Sarah Bott. Diverse realities: Understanding sexually transmitted infections and HIV in India. Population Council, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/rh5.1035.

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Elias, Christopher J., e Lori L. Heise. The development of microbicides: A new method of HIV prevention for women. Population Council, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/hiv1993.1001.

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A critical review of current epidemiological trends and social science research demonstrates that there is an urgent need for expanding the range of female-controlled HIV prevention methods. Existing efforts to control the spread of HIV infection primarily through the encouragement of a reduction in the number of sexual partners, widespread condom promotion, and the control of other sexually transmitted infections are inadequate for many of the world's women. Underlying gender power inequities severely limit the ability of many women to protect themselves from HIV infection, especially in the absence of a prevention technology they can use, when necessary, without their partner's consent. Current understanding of biology suggests that developing such methods is a feasible and potentially cost-effective endeavor. This paper describes the growing risk of HIV infection faced by women throughout the world, examines the limitation of contemporary AIDS prevention strategy in meeting the needs of women, reviews the existing data on female-controlled HIV prevention methods, and outlines the challenges for future microbicide development.

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Perlman, Daniel M., Neil M. Ampel, Ron B. Schifman, David L. Cohn e Charlotte M. Patton. Persistent Campylobacter Jejuni Infections in Patients Infected with Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV). Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, aprile 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada265459.

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Erling, Norrby, e Eva M. Fenyo. Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) Infections: Strain and Type Variations; Diagnosis and Prevention. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, aprile 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada237815.

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Goldstein, Neal. Epidemiology Blog of Neal D. Goldstein, PhD, MBI. Neal D. Goldstein, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.17918/goldsteinepi.

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Musings on topics related to epidemiology, epidemiological methods, public and clinical health. Written by Neal D. Goldstein, PhD, MBI. Dr. Goldstein is an Associate Professor of Epidemiology at the Drexel University Dornsife School of Public Health. With a background in biomedical informatics, he focuses on computational approaches in complex data settings, especially electronic health records and disease surveillance, to understand infectious disease transmission. This has been demonstrated through his work with blood borne pathogens (HIV and hepatitis C), COVID-19, vaccine preventable diseases, and healthcare associated infections.

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Roderick Slavcev, Roderick Slavcev. Can bacterial viruses be engineered to protect against human viral infections like HIV? Experiment, maggio 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.18258/2564.

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Orme, I. M. Early Diagnosis and Treatment of Opportunistic Mycobacterial Infections in HIV-Seropositive AIDS Patients. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, agosto 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada227796.

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Thomas, Anne G., Ludmila N. Bakhireva, Stephanie K. Brodine e Richard A. Shaffer. Prevalence of Circumcision and its Association With HIV and Sexually Transmitted Infections in a Male US Navy Population. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, luglio 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada458066.

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Goller, Jane, Stephanie Munari, Cassandra Caddy, Teralynn Ludwick, Jacqueline Coombe, Meredith Temple-Smith, Lena Sanci e Jane Hocking. General Practice engagement: STI, HIV and viral hepatitis care. The Sax Institute, giugno 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.57022/lnur4773.

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Early detection and treatment of sexually transmitted infections, HIV, and hepatitis B and C are vital to minimise the harm they cause. This Evidence Check aimed to identify effective initiatives that engage and support GPs and the GP clinic workforce in NSW to increase testing for these conditions. It also aimed to identify effective modifications to practice management software to increase GP engagement in screening and care for these conditions. Sixty-two articles were found in total. The most effective initiatives used multiple interventions, particularly provider education and quality improvement. They involved both GPs and other health workers, and offered clinic-level initiatives to help identify patients at higher risk (e.g. software-generated alerts) and engage them in testing (e.g. through self-collected specimens). Models of care that used nurse-led testing or links to specialist services offered a way to increase capacity to carry out testing. The quality of evidence was mixed—there were few randomised controlled trials, and little evidence about the sustainability of the initiatives over time, highlighting the need for further high-quality research.

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