Tesi sul tema "HITT"

Effektiviteten på de finansiella marknaderna är något som studerats utifrån många olika perspektiv. Vad den effektiva marknadshypotesen i sin helhet påstår är att all information som tillkommer snabbt inkorporeras i aktiepriset utan att investerare har haft en chans att agera, vilket omöjliggör arbitragemöjligheter och således en chans till en positiv abnormal avkastning. Denna studies sätt att undersöka detta fenomen är att studera avkastningen vid genomförandet av en aktiesplit på stockholmsbörsen för att se om någon positiv abnormal föreligger. Studien är gjord i form av en eventstudie där aktiesplitar som genomförts under åren 2000 - 2006 och 2015 - 2019, där de undersökts och genomgått statistiska tester. Dessa olika tidsperioderna har till en början analyserats var för sig för att sedan jämföras mot varandra för att undersöka ifall skillnader föreligger. Studien har kommit fram till att positiv abnormal avkastning förekommer vid genomförandet av en aktiesplit på stockholmsbörsen och kan även se tendenser på skillnader mellan de olika undersökningsperioderna.
The efficiency of the financial markets is something that has been studied through many perspectives. What the efficient market hypothesis says is that new information that reaches the market fast incorporates in the stock price without any chance for the investors to act on it. This results in no chance in arbitrage opportunities hence no chance to positive abnormal return. This study's way of examining this phenomenon was to study the return on the implementation of stock splits which has been implemented on the swedish stock exchange to see if any positive abnormal return exists. This event study has examined stock splits during the periods of year 2000 - 2006 and 2015 - 2019 and statistical tests have been made. These different periods of time have at first been examined by themselves before comparing them with each other to see if there might be any different between them. This study shows that there are significant positive abnormal returns associated with stock returns on the swidish stock exchange during both periods. The study also shows tendencies of that the abnormal returns differ between the two time periods.

Immune heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) is a potentially serious complication of heparin therapy and is associated with antibodies directed against a complex of platelet factor 4 (PF4) and heparin. Early diagnosis of HIT is important to reduce morbidity and mortality. I developed an enzyme immunoassay that detects the binding of HIT IgG to PF4-heparin in the fluid phase. This required techniques to purify and biotinylate PF4. The fluid phase assay produces consistently low background and can detect low levels of anti-PF4-heparin. It is suited to testing alternative anticoagulants because, unlike in an ELISA, a clearly defined amount of antigen is available for antibody binding. I was able to detect anti-PF4-heparin IgG in 93% of HIT patients. I also investigated cross-reactivity of anti-PF4-heparin antibodies with PF4 complexed to alternative heparin-like anticoagulants. Low molecular weight heparins cross-reacted with 88% of the sera from HIT patients while half of the HIT sera weakly cross-reacted with PF4-danaparoid (Orgaran). The thrombocytopenia and thrombosis of most of these patients resolved during danaparoid therapy, indicating that detection of low affinity antibodies to PF4-danaparoid by immunoassay may not be an absolute contraindication for danaparoid administration. While HIT patients possess antibodies to PF4-heparin, I observed that HIT antibodies will also bind to PF4 alone adsorbed on polystyrene ELISA wells but not to soluble PF4 in the absence of heparin. Having developed a technique to affinity-purify anti-PF4-heparin HIT IgG, I provide the first estimates of the avidity of HIT IgG. HIT IgG displayed relatively high functional affinity for both PF4-heparin (Kd=7-30nM) and polystyrene adsorbed PF4 alone (Kd=20-70nM). Furthermore, agarose beads coated with PF4 alone were almost as effective as beads coated with PF4 plus heparin in depleting HIT plasmas of anti-PF4-heparin antibodies. I conclude that the HIT antibodies which bind to polystyrene adsorbed PF4 without heparin are largely the same IgG molecules that bind PF4-heparin and thus most HIT antibodies bind epitope(s) on PF4 and not epitope(s) formed by part of a PF4 molecule and part of a heparin molecule. Binding of PF4 to heparin (optimal) or polystyrene/agarose (sub-optimal) promotes recognition of this epitope. Under conditions that are more physiological and sensitive than previous studies, I observed that affinity-purified HIT IgG will cause platelet aggregation upon the addition of heparin. Platelets activated with HIT IgG increased their release and surface expression of PF4. I quantitated the binding of affinity-purified HIT 125I-IgG to platelets as they activate in a plasma milieu. Binding of the HIT IgG was dependent upon heparin and some degree of platelet activation. Blocking the platelet Fc??? receptor-II with the monoclonal antibody IV.3 did not prevent HIT IgG binding to activated platelets. I conclude that anti-PF4-heparin IgG is the only component specific to HIT plasma that is required to induce platelet aggregation. The Fab region of HIT IgG binds to PF4-heparin that is on the surface of activated platelets. I propose that only then does the Fc portion of the bound IgG activate other platelets via the Fc receptor. My data support a dynamic model of platelet activation where released PF4 enhances further antibody binding and more release.

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This Researchis about history education and is directed toward the understanding of teacher practices in schools of the basic education in Cear?-Mirim, a city located in the state of Rio Grande do Norte. Its purpose is to understand the approaching forms of local history in 5? to 8? grade classrooms in the light of the recent innovations in the fields of the historiografy and education. The study was done with a view of investigating local history is being taught by teachers, as well as reflecting on the necessary conditions to the accomplishment of a teaching whose know how to make possible to break, on the one hand, with the limits of the narrow `local view`, and, on the other hand, with the globalized view, negating the local particularitities and especifications. Such questions had emerged as the understanding of what local history contents can constitute in a significant component in the production of school historical knowledge in 5? to 8? grade classrooms. History education is analyzed, considering the depositions of three teachers of Cear?-Mirim in reagard to its historiography conceptions and history as a school subject. This inquiry is of a qualitative nature and had as a main strategy of data construction from the interviews with the teachers. The analysis indicates the permanence of teacher practices who, even though presenting innovations, bring an implicit value hierarchy where the place or thematic places are not contemplated in the school contents or appear overwhelmed by general history and the Brazilian history, configuring itself as a hierarchical relation to problematic historical ones. Thus the necessity of having historical school knowledge, that considers the local especifications, without, however, ignoring the articulations with other spatial dimensions
Pesquisa sobre o ensino de hist?ria voltada para a compreens?o da pr?tica docente em escolas do ensino fundamental do munic?pio de Cear?-Mirim, localizado no estado do Rio Grande do Norte. Tem como prop?sito entender as formas de abordagem da hist?ria local em turmas de 5? a 8? s?ries ? luz das recentes inova??es nos campos da historiografia e do ensino. O estudo foi conduzido tendo em vista investigar como a hist?ria local vem sendo ensinada pelos professores, bem como refletir sobre as condi??es necess?rias ? concretiza??o de um ensino cujo saber-fazer possibilite romper, por um lado, com os limites do estreito localismo, e, por outro, com a vis?o globalizante e negadora das particularidades e das especificidades do local. Tais quest?es emergiram da compreens?o de que os conte?dos da hist?ria local podem se constituir em componente significativo na produ??o do conhecimento hist?rico escolar em turmas de 5a a 8a s?ries. Analisa-se o ensino de hist?ria, considerando os depoimentos de tr?s professores de Cear?-Mirim no que diz respeito ?s suas concep??es de historiografia e de hist?ria enquanto disciplina escolar. A investiga??o ? de natureza qualitativa e teve como principal estrat?gia de constru??o dos dados as entrevistas com os professores. A an?lise indica a perman?ncia de pr?ticas docentes que, embora apresentando inova??es, trazem impl?cita uma hierarquia valorativa em que as tem?ticas locais ou n?o s?o contempladas nos conte?dos escolares ou aparecem subjugadas ? hist?ria geral e ? hist?ria do Brasil, configurando-se uma rela??o hier?rquica das problem?ticas hist?ricas. Ressalta-se, assim, a necessidade de um saber hist?rico escolar que considere as especificidades do local sem, no entanto, desconsiderar as articula??es com outras dimens?es espaciais

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The present research, located in the Pontificia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas Psychological Prevention and Intervention line of research in the Post-graduation stricto senso program, aims to understand how the work category presents itself to those who have the streets as their main subsistence means and constantly wander from town to town surviving through socially disqualified activities, typical of the streets universe, with a special focus on the trecheiros , a category that describes the street population known to wander constantly from place to place. This study was developed throughout six months by means of Ethnography, in parks and public circulation places in the state of S?o Paulo. The data was collected and later analyzed using Social Psychology It was possible to conclude that there is a wide range of people who, despite occupying the same economical condition, have culturally distinct profiles as well as substantially different means of experiencing the constant wandering through towns and the (non) use of social welfare offered by the state to those who live in the streets. It was also possible to conclude that work presents itself to them as a category constitutive of their subjectivity, given that they call themselves workers in order to state their honesty and social relevance. Work is also a daily activity of survival maintenance without the pretention to accumulate capital or material possession, but to provide the necessary for one day only, situation that leads such category to a constant instability and great vulnerability, given that they are not covered by the welfare social net useful in case there is an impossibility to work, momentarily or not .
A presente pesquisa, situada na linha de Pesquisa Preven??o e Interven??o Psicol?gica do Programa de P?s-gradua??o Stricto Senso da Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, objetivou compreender como a categoria trabalho se apresenta a quem tem na rua seu principal suporte de subsist?ncia e mant?m-se em um caminhar constante de cidade em cidade, sobrevivendo por meio de atividades socialmente desqualificadas, pr?prias ao universo das ruas, com especial enfoque nos trecheiros , categoria de pessoas em situa??o de rua conhecida por permanecer em um caminhar constante de trecho em trecho . O estudo foi desenvolvido ao longo de seis meses por meio de Etnografia, em pra?as e locais p?blicos de circula??o em um munic?pio do interior paulista. Os dados foram posteriormente analisados sob a luz da Psicologia Social. Foi poss?vel concluir que existe uma ampla gama de pessoas que, apesar de situarem-se em uma mesma faixa econ?mica, possuem perfis culturalmente distintos bem como diferem substancialmente quanto aos modos de vivenciar a err?ncia constante pelas cidades e o (n?o) fazer uso das pol?ticas de assist?ncia social ofertadas a quem vive nas ruas. Foi poss?vel ainda concluir que o trabalho apresenta-se a elas como uma categoria constitutiva de sua subjetividade, pois afirmam-se como trabalhadoras no intuito de afirmarem-se como honestas e socialmente relevantes .O trabalho ? al?m disso uma atividade di?ria de manuten??o da sobreviv?ncia sem a pretens?o de, por meio dele, acumular capital e coisas materiais e sim prover o necess?rio para o dia de sustento, situa??o que leva tal categoria populacional a uma instabilidade constante e grande vulnerabilidade uma vez que fica totalmente descoberta por qualquer tipo de rede de seguridade social que possa lhe valer em caso de impossibilidade de trabalhar, moment?nea ou n?o.

I den svenska skolan har antalet obligatoriska avstämningar ökat. De införs allt tidigare under elevens skoltid. Höstterminen 2019 genomfördes i förskoleklassen för första gången kartläggningsmaterialet Hitta språket, med syfte att vara ett stöd i undervisningen och i arbetet med att identifiera elever som är i behov av stöd eller utmaningar. Denna studies syfte är att öka förståelsen för lärares erfarenheter av det nya kartläggningsmaterialet, hur det påverkar verksamheten, förekomsten av tidiga insatser, extra anpassningar och särskilt stöd och betydelsen för överlämningen till årskurs 1. Studien är en kvalitativ studie, inspirerad av fenomenografisk metodansats och består av en enkätundersökning och kvalitativa intervjuer av lärare och speciallärare/specialpedagoger verksamma i förskoleklass. Undersökningen genomfördes i två kommuner, enkäten besvarades av 33 lärare och av dessa deltog åtta i intervjuer. I resultatet framgår att det finns både för- och nackdelar och materialet upplevs som bra men omfattande. Det är svårt att göra bedömningar och yttre faktorer påverkar genomförandet. Materialet leder till kollegiala samtal kring barns förmågor och tankar om hur undervisningen kan utformas. Samverkan med specialpedagogisk kompetens har ökat och det kommer att vara ett beydelsefullt verktyg vid överlämningen till årskurs 1. Två synsätt framträder i studien, att se kartläggningen som ett test eller en del i undervisningen som de följer upp under året. Införandet av ett nationellt kartläggningsmaterial har i studien visat sig medföra att lärarna upplever att målen för arbetet i förskoleklassen blir synliggjorda, ett yrkesspråk utvecklas, verksamheten får ökad status och förutsättningarna för likvärdighet ökar.

This dissertation focuses on caching in distributed file systems, where the performance is constrained by expensive server accesses. This has led to the evolution of cooperative caching, an innovative technique which effectively utilizes the client memories in a distributed file system to reduce the impact of server accesses. This is achieved by adding another layer to the storage hierarchy called the cooperative cache, allowing clients to access and store file blocks in the caches of other clients. The major contribution of this dissertation is to show that a cooperative caching system that relies on local hints to manage the cooperative cache performs better than a more tightly coordinated fact-based system. To evaluate the performance of hint-based cooperative caching, trace-driven simulations are used to show that the hit ratios to the different layers of the storage hierarchy are as good as those of the existing tightly-coordinated algorithms, but with significantly reduced overhead. Following this, a prototype was implemented on a cluster of Linux machines, where the use of hints reduced the average block access time to almost half that of NFS, and incurred minimal overhead.

A Hint of Meaning contains a scholarly preface, "Language, Experimentation, and Craft: Creating a Vivid, Continuous Fictional Dream," that discusses the ambiguities of language and how they relate to different aspects of the craft of writing. Six original short stories follow the preface. "Musical Chairs" explores a woman's conflicting emotions about her ex-husband. "Baby Steps" depicts the struggle of a woman against her father's alcoholism. "Go Home Happy" depicts a day in the life of a video store employee. "Bargain Basement Perfection" contrasts the reality of a relationship with an imagined, perfect relationship. "Did You Hear about Donald and Bitsy?" is an experimental piece that tells a story through gossip. "Glass Angels" explores a minister's relationship with his homosexual son and how that relates to the minister's faith.

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Trata a presente tese da an?lise da sociedade em busca do estabelecimento de suas pr?prias regras, antecipando o discurso da lei. Utiliza-se como material 137 processos que est?o sob a guarda do Arquivo P?blico do Rio Grande do Sul, da Secretaria da Administra??o e dos Recursos Humanos/SARH, que tramitaram nas Varas de Fam?lia da Comarca de Porto Alegre, referentes aos desquites (separa??es) amig?veis no per?odo de 1930 a 1964. Tal avalia??o medir? poss?veis implica??es de aspectos da fam?lia, como afetividade, viol?ncia, desencontro e dor nas decis?es proferidas pelo Poder Judici?rio, atrav?s dos enfoques da Hist?ria das Id?ias jur?dicas, na expectativa de se compreender as transforma??es sociais. ? preciso considerar, ainda, que, ao longo do percurso, a quest?o feminina se constitui o foco da presente tese. A velocidade das mudan?as sociais torna o discurso da lei ineficaz, uma vez que est? em total descompasso com a necessidade social, conduzindo a sociedade ? cria??o de suas pr?prias regras

I och med att man nu håller på att införa en reviderad läroplan för förskolan där bl.a matematiken får en större plats ville jag se hur förskolorna i dag arbetar med matematiken utifrån den läroplan som gäller idag. Syftet med min studie är att ta reda på hur pedagoger synliggör och arbetar med matematiken i förskolan. Är det i planerade aktiviteter eller i den fria leken som matematiken kommer in och hur befäster man barnens kunskaper så att det verkligen blir en bestående kunskap? Jag har valt att i min studie intervjua fem förskollärare från fem olika enskilt drivna förskolor med lite olika inriktningar. Jag har främst tittat på hur de planerar sin verksamhet utifrån läroplanens strävansmål i matematik och hur de lär barnen taluppfattningen. Jag har också tittat på hur de dokumenterar barnens lärande och hur detta synliggörs för föräldrarna. Jag har även tittat på hur de stödjer och uppmuntrar barn som är ointresserade av matematik och hur de stödjer och uppmuntrar barn som är mycket intresserade av matematik.  I min studie har jag valt att dela in materialet i det som är pedagogiskt planerade aktiviteter och de aktiviteter som är mer spontana. Resultatet visar att även de förskolor som inte fokuserar på matematiken arbetar med taluppfattningen i framförallt rutinsituationerna så som dukning och påklädning och i den fria leken.

Detta arbete har utförts i samarbete med företaget Compute och fokuserar på att utveckla navigationsstöd för webbportaler med bokningssystem. Arbetet har delats upp i tre specifika mål: (1) integrera Information Foraging Theory (IFT) och Graphical User Interface principles (GUI-principer) genom att applicera dessa vid utvecklng av navigation för webbportaler med bokningssystem (2) konkretisera hur navigering kan förbättras på en webbportal med bokningssystem, utifrån ovanstående teroier och (3) arbetet skall resultera i en lista med rekommendationer som kan tillämpas vid utveckling av navigation. För att kunna  integrera IFT och GUI-principer har dessa i kombination med en teroertisk studie tillämpats vid prototyping. Prototyperna användes som verktyg för att konkretisera hur navigationen kunde förbättras på portalen. Prototyperna utvärderades och resulterade i en lista med rekommendationer. Resultaten från utvärderingen påvisade att en integrering av GUI-principer och IFT kan förbättra nvigationsförhållanden på en webbportal. Arbetes främsta bidrag är listan med rekommendationer som skall kunna tillämpas vid navigationsutveckling.

 

In the project Finding a way home, through storytelling, David Lindberg has investigated how storytelling can affect his musical expression. The question focused on a very concrete application of storytelling in improvisation but changed relatively quickly to focus on putting his musical and personal history into focus for the first time in his musical life. Through this changed focus, he could combine this thesis with a first interrupted attempt to do the bachelor thesis at KMH seven years earlier. Lindberg refers to  lessons he learned outside the context of KMH in the years between his studies, and reflects on how his musicality has changed and developed through widely differing contexts in which he worked; from entertainment music to pop, rock and jazz, and how storytelling became an important component in defining his musical identity and the experience of having a musical home. The thesis also comment topics such as self-esteem in relation to achievement, and how one’s own music can be overlooked in working with the ambition to please others in diverse contexts, both in education and working life. Musical presentation took place through a concert in the Nathan Milstein Hall and is available to listen to here. The song material consisted solely of Lindberg’s own compositions, and the sheet music is included as an appendix.

Leishmaniasis is a disease caused by obligate intracellular parasites of the genus Leishmania, including 20 species that are pathogenic to humans. Female sand fly is the known vector that can transmit the disease. Visceral leishmaniasis is the severe form of the disease that affects internal organs and can be fatal with inappropriate diagnosis or treatment. Leishmania donovani is the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis. Approximately 350 million in 89 countries are at risk of infection. Around 2 million new cases are reported annually with 500,000 of these are visceral leishmaniasis. Current drug therapies are inadequate due to their toxicity, high cost, severe adverse reaction, limited availability, and the emergence of resistance. With all these limitations, the need for new drugs is urgent. Pentavalent antimonials are the first line of treatment for leishmaniasis since the 1940s. Although amphotericin B, pentamidine and paromomycin are current drugs that treat leishmaniasis, they were discovered initially as a treatment for other pathogens. Furthermore, miltefosine the only available oral drug for leishmaniasis is an anticancer drug that found to be active against Leishmania. Therefore, we used our quantitative Leishmania donovani axenic amastigote assay and the clinically relevant infected macrophage assay to identify new antileishmanial hits from unstudied or understudied natural product sources such as mangrove endophytic fungi, Antarctic deep-sea coral, and terrestrial plants. We also used the same assays to screen synthetic compounds form multiple chemical scaffolds. Our well-established assays led to the identification of new antileishmanial hits from unstudied natural products and the discovery of new classes of molecules from synthetic compounds that possess potent activity against Leishmania donovani. Finally, we conducted an in vivo hamster study on an active hit that revealed high efficacy against Leishmania donovani in this severe model leading to promising antileishmanial drug development.

Undersökningen behandlar hur man som pedagog kan bemöta och arbeta med utagerande beteende hos barn i förskoleålder, ur ett pedagogiskt perspektiv. Utagerande beteende definieras som något som märks, alltså hörs och syns väldigt tydligt och det kan ha många bakomliggande orsaker. Relationsskapande, rutiner, att hitta strategier och ett aktivt arbete med lek har visat sig vara huvudstenarna för att bemöta och arbeta med utagerande barn på ett bra sätt. Undersökningen är av kvalitativ sort och empirin har samlats in genom intervjuer och observationer av pedagoger. Därefter har resultaten jämförts med litteratur som behandlar ämnet.

My paintings are a mediated autobiography focusing on fragmented, cropped or collaged elements derived from photographic sources. Banal scenes based on my experience growing up in rural Washington state are charged with multivalent interpretations via close ups, veiling and intentional obfuscation. Through these means, altered color and expressionistic paint handling, they subtly point outside of their beginnings as the photographic and personal and into a dialogue with historical and social sites such as punk music, abstract expressionism and existential literature.

This collection of poems and prose poems is a record of my life, from growing up in the small town of Bindura in Zimbabwe to landing in the small town of Grahamstown in South Africa. It is a story of dislocation: physical, emotional, and political. It is a story about borders and boundaries; although not rich, I was raised among the rich; although not white, I spent a considerable part of my childhood in white spaces. These fragments are told through the voice of my younger self and also retrospectively by my adult self. Two important influences on my style and my struggle to write about my identity have been Woman Hollering Creek by Latino American author Sandra Cisneros and Citizen: An American Lyric by US poet Claudia Rankine.

ABSTRACT Thorsson, E. 2015. Hitta ut – Ett svenskt folkhälsoprojekt. Uppsatser Kulturgeografiska institutionen, Uppsala universitet.    Fysisk aktivitet i det svenska samhället spelar en betydande roll för landets folkhälsa. Folkhälsoprojektet Hitta ut drivs lokalt på 14 olika platser i Sverige och utgör således en del av vårt samhälles utbud av aktiviteter riktat mot folkhälsa. Syftet med denna uppsats är att få en djupare förståelse för vad som är essentiellt för ett lyckat folkhälsoprojekt i Sveriges kommuner. Fokus ligger på att kartlägga vilka framgångsfaktorer och brister som är direkt avgörande för dess utgång och resultat.    För att kunna besvara uppsatsens frågeställningar genomförs en intervjustudie vars resultat diskuteras utifrån Elisabeth VG Janssons och Per E Tillgrens resultat i sin artikel i BMC Public Health gällande hälsopromotion på lokal nivå samt Johan Faskungers, doktor inom fysisk aktivitet & hälsovetenskap vid University of Bristol, utvärdering av hur implementeringen av fysisk aktivitetsfrämjande insatser ser ut i samhället. Uppsatsens resultat visar att närvaron av en eldsjäl är en nödvändighet för en lyckad folkhälsopromotion, både på arrangörsnivå så väl som på kommunal nivå. Vidare är en förankring hos kommunen viktig i förhållande till drift av projektet då det är kommunen som ger ekonomiskt bidrag till projektets arrangörer. Marknadsföring upplevs också ha spelat av avgörande roll för folkhälsoprojektets resultat.

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This work is focused analyze aspects related to the presence of Euclides da Cunha in the Amazon. We sought to investigate the genesis of border conflicts between Brazil and Peru, determining factor for the realization of the Joint Commission on Recognition of Headwaters of the Purus River, which led Euclid. In general, these conflicts were the result of disputes over rich producing rubber regions. As a result of this trip, the writer left recorded a set of information relating to matters related to hydrography, geomorphology, climate and especially on Amazonian man. Such impressions resulted in the compilation of the work the Fringes of History, a posthumous book that brings together the Euclidean texts on Amazon and has become the centerpiece of this dissertation research. The aim, above all, to understand the way the author of The Barrens portrayed the Amazon from their experience on the spot, which contributed to bring the light of science Earth Without History - Amazon - and that gives the Euclides da Cunha title of one of the greatest interpreters of the partners questions of Brazil.
Este trabalho tem por foco analisar os aspectos relacionados ? presen?a de Euclides da Cunha na Amaz?nia. Buscou-se investigar a g?nese dos conflitos fronteiri?os entre Brasil e Peru, fator determinante para a realiza??o da Comiss?o Mista de Reconhecimento das Cabeceiras do rio Purus, a qual Euclides chefiou. De modo geral, esses conflitos foram em decorr?ncia das disputas por ricas regi?es produtoras de borracha. Como resultado dessa viagem, o escritor deixou registrado um conjunto de informa??es referentes aos aspectos relacionados ? hidrografia, geomorfologia, clima e, sobretudo, sobre homem amaz?nico. Tais impress?es resultaram na compila??o da obra ? Margem da Hist?ria, um livro p?stumo que re?ne os textos de Euclides sobre a Amaz?nia e que se tornou n?cleo central das investiga??es desta disserta??o. Objetivou-se, sobretudo, compreender a maneira como o autor de Os Sert?es retratou a Amaz?nia a partir de sua viv?ncia in loco, fato que contribuiu para trazer ? luz da ci?ncia a Terra Sem Hist?ria ? Amaz?nia ? e que confere a Euclides da Cunha o t?tulo de um dos maiores int?rpretes das quest?es s?cias do Brasil.

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The objective of this paper is to analyze the work of the American writer Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804 - 1864), The Scarlet Letter (1850), in the light of the contributions of Literature and History of the American people in the context of New England. Accordingly, we highlight aspects that justify the inclusion of the work as a historical novel, especially based on the reading of The Historical Novel (1936-37) written by Georg Luk?cs. The diversity of voices and social interrelationships that come out of the main characters of the plot of the novel, as well as their contextual buildings, constituted as important traces to understanding the novel as being of historical value. During our study, we found out that it is in the plots of the novels that the characters reflect, at the same time, the specific conditions of their singularities, the general trends of the historical process and the social conditions from which they arise. We also could see that it is in their singularities that lie special tendencies of human beings. Our references to this study came from scholars as Howard (1964), Bakhtin (1998), Eagleton (2006), Todorov (2009), Zabel (1947), Sellers (1985), Cunlife (1986), Candido (1993) and Schwarz (1981)
O objetivo deste trabalho ? analisar a obra do escritor americano Nathaniel Hawthorne (1804 1864), A Letra Escarlate (1850), ? luz das contribui??es da Literatura e da Hist?ria do povo americano no contexto da Nova Inglaterra dos primeiros s?culos de sua exist?ncia at? o per?odo em que viveu o seu autor. Nesse sentido, buscaremos evidenciar aspectos que justificam a inser??o da obra como um romance hist?rico, especialmente a partir da leitura de O Romance Hist?rico (1936-37) de Georg Luk?cs. A diversidade das vozes sociais e os inter-relacionamentos que se depreenderam dos personagens principais do enredo do romance, assim como as suas constru??es contextuais, se constitu?ram como elementos importantes para a compreens?o do romance como sendo de valor Hist?rico. Durante o nosso estudo, verificamos que ? nos enredos dos romances que as personagens refletem, ao mesmo tempo, as condi??es espec?ficas de suas singularidades, as tend?ncias gerais do processo hist?rico e as condi??es sociais das quais eles surgem. Pudemos verificar tamb?m que ? em suas singularidades que se concentram tend?ncias pr?prias do ser humano. Para fundamentar este estudo buscamos refer?ncias em te?ricos da literatura mundial como Howard (1964), Bakhtin (1998), Eagleton (2006), Todorov (2009), em historiadores como Zabel (1947), Sellers (1985) e Cunlife (1986), bem como nas repercuss?es da obra no Brasil, notadamente a partir de leituras realizadas por Candido (1993) e Schwarz (1981)

This thesis is an application of surrealism to architecture. Surrealism is an art & literary movement started in Europe between the world wars. After the chaos of the first world war the surrealist group was disillusioned with the devotion to rationalism that they believed produced the war. The group determined that an opposing philosophy would produce the opposite result. They began to develop an art based on the irrational. Their creativity was derived from chance, group activities, dreams, and other undirected actions. They promoted this as a new way to discover beauty and a foundation for a new way of thinking. The surrealists were prevalent in art and literature, but never integrated themselves into the world of architectural design. This thesis explores the possibilities of using surreal concepts and techniques as an inspiration for design. The site for this exploration is a fifty foot wide infill lot in an urbanizing Washington, D.C. suburb, Falls Church, Virginia. The art schoolâ s program was selected by a Wikipedia random article search and a deck of cards.
Master of Architecture

When the Sun Hits is a feature length film concerned with the delicate relationship between the individual and the whole. A young man named John has fallen into a state of social paralysis since his father's death. He no longer knows how to relate to others and the world around him. Rather than looking to friends and family for support he closes himself off. After the mysterious disappearance of his mother, John blames himself for her leaving. He tries his best to reconnect with his old life, but finds himself making the same mistakes over and over. When his friend Tracy reaches out to him, he bitterly rejects her and once again finds himself alone. It is then that John puts his old life behind him and sets off to make amends with his mother. John has no idea where his mother might be or if she will accept him. Nonetheless, he reaches into the abyss to see if someone is there, waiting for him. The structure of the film is nonlinear as it deviates from traditional narrative form. The intent of this thesis is to serve as a post-film reflection that discusses the relation between my views on cinema and the film I made. The paper will shift between the general themes of the narrative and the film theory working behind it all. It will explore the idea of cinema as an extension of the mind and how this is present in the film. By using specific examples from the film this theory of cinema can be fleshed out and an insight into my process may be gleaned.
B.A.
Bachelors
Arts and Humanities
Film

Hitta matematiken är ett kartläggningsmaterial som har införts och blivit obligatorisk i förskoleklass inför höstterminen 2019. Avsikten är att kartlägga och synliggöra elever i behov av anpassning och stöd. Tidigare forskning visar att genom resonemang och kommunikation här lärare enklare att se vart eleverna befinner sig och kan därefter individanpassa undervisningen (Vennberg, 2015 ss. 78-79). Forskning visar även att grupparbete är gynnsamt för det utmanar eleverna att lösa problem muntligt (Karlsson, 2019, s.185). Detta gör att de teoretiska utgångspunkterna: sociokulturellt perspektiv och närmaste utvecklingszonen, är relevanta för denna studie. Studiens syfte är att undersöka hur förskoleklasslärares tankar om och arbete med kartläggningsmaterialet Hitta matematiken har sett ut, men också hur de upplever att eleverna har tagit till sig materialet. Syftet är också att se hur lärarna har arbetat med elever som är i behov av extra anpassningar/stöd. Studien baseras på sju kvalitativa intervjuer av åtta förskoleklasslärare.  Resultatet visar att lärarna generellt anser att materialet är elevnära och engagerar eleverna till att vilja arbeta med det. Alla lärare kände sig pålästa på materialet och några av lärarna betonade att nätverksträffarna hade varit en stor fördel i den kommande planeringen av kartläggningen. Dokumentationsmatrisen använde alla lärare men på olika sätt, några ansåg att den inte gav eleverna rätt förutsättningar då det är klarar eller klarar inte medan en annan belyste att denna var bland det bästa i kartläggningen. Vissa lärare valde att arbeta vidare med resultaten som kartläggningen gav genom att exempelvis anpassa grupper efter elevernas förmågor. Samtidigt anser alla lärare att de hade kunnat identifiera eleverna i behov av extra anpassning och stöd även utan kartläggningen, men en lärare säger att det är viktigt att göra en dokumentation kring eleverna för att alla ska få en rättvis bedömning.

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This research was carried out during 2014 and 2015 at school of a unit of the Public Network State Education of Rio de Janeiro where the author teaches more than two decades. Research that is born from the desire to produce dialogues possibilities with students and community and so understand how to give the relationship between the various subjects that make up the universe of this unit. For this research achieve this goal collecting stories that tell of how such unity came. These history can observe the level of community participation in the idealization, construction and maintenance of this. In addition to the history of the school of education, students and stories of some invisible phenomena, at least for some groups of this space are counted leading to reflection on the relationships that occur in such space. The survey also shows graphics produced by students during the development of the work and once again these graphics (drawings) serve in the guideposts to reflect the relationships within the school
Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida durante 2014 e 2015 no espa?o escolar de uma unidade da Rede P?blica de Educa??o do Estado do Rio de Janeiro no qual o autor leciona h? mais de duas d?cadas. Pesquisa que nasce do desejo de produzir possibilidades de di?logos com alunos e comunidade e, assim, perceber como se d?o as rela??es entre os diversos sujeitos que comp?em o universo dessa unidade. Para atingir tal objetivo, esta pesquisa coleta hist?rias que d?o conta de como surgiu a tal unidade. Nessas hist?rias pode-se observar o grau de participa??o da comunidade na idealiza??o, constru??o e manuten??o da mesma. Al?m das hist?rias da forma??o da escola, outras hist?rias de alunos e de alguns fen?menos invis?veis, ao menos para alguns grupos desse espa?o, s?o contados levando a reflex?o sobre as rela??es que se d?o nesses espa?os. A pesquisa tamb?m apresenta elementos gr?ficos produzidos pelos educandos durante o desenvolvimento do trabalho e que, mais uma vez, esses elementos gr?ficos (desenhos) nos servem de balizamentos para refletir as rela??es no espa?o escolar

AbstractBergqvist, Jenny och Reuterhäll, Malin, (2020). Kartläggning ”Hitta språket”. Vad händer sen? Speciallärarprogrammet, språk-, läs- och skrivutveckling, Institutionen för skolutveckling och ledarskap, Lärande och samhälle, Malmö universitet, 90 hp.Förväntat kunskapsbidragVår ambition med vårt examensarbete är att få fram uppfattningar om hur arbetet med det obligatoriska kartläggningsmaterialet “Hitta språket” (Skolverket, 2019) kan bidra till att elever i riskzonen för att utveckla läs- och skrivsvårigheter får stöd och insatser i tid för att främja den kommande läsutvecklingen. Att vara fonologiskt medveten som barn är av största betydelse för att kunna utveckla ett rikt och flytande språk.Syfte och frågeställningarSyftet är att skapa kunskap om elever som befinner sig i riskzonen hittas med hjälp av kartläggningen och i så fall hur. Vidare avser vi att öka kunskapen om vad ett urval lärare i förskoleklass och lärare med specialpedagogisk kompetens anser vara adekvata insatser för dessa elever och om dessa insatser sätts in.•Hur beskriver ett urval av lärare i förskoleklass att resultatet av kartläggningen används för vidare undervisning?•Upplever dessa lärare att elever i riskzonen upptäcks med hjälp av kartläggningsmaterialet och i så fall hur?•Vilka insatser ges på de undersökta skolorna, för elever i riskzonen för läs-och skrivsvårigheter och av vem?•Vilken roll har läraren med specialpedagogisk kompetens på de undersökta skolorna, i samband med kartläggning?TeoriVår studie belyses utifrån ett sociokulturellt perspektiv där Vygotskij (2001) har inspirerat oss i att lärande sker i samspel mellan människor i olika kontexter. Den proximala utvecklingszonen med hjälp av scaffolding, artefakter och medierande redskap medför elevernas möjligheter till att lyckas (Säljö, 2014). Vi har även i vår studie knutit an till teorier kring läsforskning, där Lundberg, Rydqvist och Strid (2018) belyser vikten av fonologisk medvetenhet och tidiga insatser för att förhindra läs- och skrivsvårigheter.MetodVårt insamlade material bygger på semistrukturerade intervjuer av lärare i förskoleklass samt lärare med specialpedagogisk kompetens. För att stärka tillförlitligheten i vårt arbete och att vår frågeguide stämde väl överens med undersökningens syfte genomförde vi först en pilotundersökning. Intervjuerna vi gjorde på de olika skolorna transkriberades och lyssnades noggrant igenom av oss båda. Därefter bröt vi ner och bearbetade respondenternas svar till mindre enheter och satte in dem i en innehållsanalys.ResultatLärarna uttrycker att kartläggningsmaterialet ”Hitta språket” är tidskrävande men är ändå ett bra underlag för vidare undervisning. Trots att kartläggningsmaterialet ”Hitta språket” anses vara översiktligt kan det ändå visa indikationer på var individuella djupdykningar och insatser behöver göras. Lärarna anser att elever i riskzonen för läs- och skrivsvårigheter identifieras även utan kartläggningsmaterialet ”Hitta språket”. Insatserna som huvudsakligen görs för elever i riskzonen för att utveckla läs- och skrivsvårigheter på skolorna är främst inom den ordinarie undervisningen med ledning och stimulans. Det förekommer även några få individuella insatser med stöd av lärare med specialpedagogisk kompetens. Nivågrupperingar är vanligt förekommande på skolorna för att möta eleverna där de är i sin utveckling, det vill säga, i deras proximala utvecklingszon. Lärarna med specialpedagogisk kompetens finns framför allt med som en handledande funktion i arbetet och deras koppling till förskoleklassen har blivit tydligare sedan både förskoleklassen och kartläggningsmaterialet ”Hitta språket” blivit obligatoriskt. Specialpedagogiska implikationerDet visar sig att det inte tillhör självklarheten att förskoleklassen har lärare med specialpedagogisk kompetens knuten till sig. Vi som speciallärare inom språk-, läs- och skrivutveckling kommer att ha en viktig och betydande roll för att följa eleverna efter vad deras resultat i kartläggningsmaterialet ”Hitta språket” visar. Det är viktigt att sätta in åtgärder tidigt för att stötta elever som befinner sig i riskzonen för läs- och skrivsvårigheter. Vi tror att lärarna ute på skolorna vill att alla elever ska få samma chans att lyckas i skolan men vi vet samtidigt att elever har väldigt olika förutsättningar. Då är det alla lärare men särskilt lärare med specialpedagogisk kompetens som ska stödja dessa elever ur ett relationellt perspektiv (Ahlberg, 2016). Samtidigt finns det de som menar att man inte ska kartlägga och stämpla eleverna för tidigt utan låta dem växa i sin egen takt. Svenska skolans undervisning ska dessutom vara inkluderande och här kan det bli motsättningar om vi ser hur Finland gör, som tidigt ger stödinsatser exkluderande för att de ska få bättre förutsättningar i sin vidare utbildning (Takala, 2009).

Målet med detta projekt är att designa och bygga en prototyp på en mobil applikation för Android och iOS som guidar och lockar användare till intressanta platser i Sundsvalls Stenstad. Detta med hjälp av information i form av text, bild och video samt gamification, alltså att göra guiden till en typ av spel. Arbetet har genomförts metodiskt med regelbundna möten med projektets idébärare för feed-back och design av appen. Byggnation av appen följde och resulterade i en app med funktioner som karta med användarens position och intressanta platser markerade, inbyggd QR-läsare för incheckning på platser och ett poängsystem för att samla poäng när man besöker platser. Arbetet har visat att man trots begränsad tid kan göra en prototyp på beskriven app.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
This dissertation is a critical evaluation of seven popular history books concerning nineteenth-century Brazil, published between 2006 and 2013: Condessa de Barral, O Pr?ncipe Maldito, A Carne e o Sangue, and O Castelo de Papel by Mary Del Priore, and 1808 [in English, The Flight of the Emperor: How a Weak Prince, a Mad Queen, and the British Navy tricked Napoleon and changed the New World], 1822, and 1889 by Laurentino Gomes. Priore is a Brazilian historian with academic affiliation, specialized in historical biographies in which she constructs quasi-literary historical characters. Instead, Gomes is a Brazilian journalist, best known for the great commercial success of his three books, featuring picturesque characters in a fragmented storytelling format. Thus this study aims to investigate the relationship of their works with historiography as well as the role assigned to their readership, by analyzing the text structure and its narrative elements. In this regard, the analysis develops a theoretical and historiographical discussion, in order to understand the aesthetic realm of popular history books and its epistemological implications.
Esta tese ? uma an?lise cr?tica de sete livros de divulga??o hist?rica, publicados entre 2006 e 2013, que versam sobre o Brasil do s?culo XIX: Condessa de Barral, O Pr?ncipe Maldito, A Carne e o Sangue e O Castelo de Papel, de Mary Del Priore, e 1808, 1822 e 1889, de Laurentino Gomes. Priore ? uma historiadora brasileira com filia??o acad?mica, especializada em biografias hist?ricas, nas quais ela constr?i personagens hist?ricos romanceados. Gomes, por seu turno, ? um jornalista brasileiro, mais conhecido pelo grande sucesso comercial de seus tr?s livros, nos quais ele apresenta personagens pitorescos em um formato fragmentado de contar hist?ria. Este estudo pretende, pois, investigar a rela??o das obras desses autores com a historiografia, bem como o papel atribu?do ao seu p?blico leitor a partir da an?lise da estrutura do texto e de seus aspectos narrativos. Nesse sentido, uma discuss?o te?rica e historiogr?fica ? desenvolvida na an?lise, de modo a compreender a dimens?o est?tica dos livros de divulga??o hist?rica e suas implica??es epistemol?gicas.

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This thesis has as an objective to think over the teachers` understanding of the school History of the Fundamental Teaching regarding the existent relations between the history theories and the teaching of the school History, as well as to think over how these teachers see the influence that their teaching practice gets from the history theories. The work is based on the postulates of the qualitative research and on the characteristics of the ethnography of the school practice. The main procedures of data gathering were the documental analysis, the semi-structured interviews, the field diary and the observations of classes. The scientific perspective of the multiple references is an important source in this research. The participants of this work are two teachers of the school district of Natal who work in the field of the school History in two schools on the North Side of the city. The accomplished analysis point to significant indications that didn't occur continuous and regular teaching situations in the initial and continuing education of these teachers that clearly showed the relations between the history theories and the teaching of the school History. They also suggest that their understanding about the influence that their teaching practice gets from the history theories, is not still explicit. We understand that the relations between the history theories and the teaching of the school History are important for the initial and continuing education of these teachers who belong in this knowledge field, even when these relations are not explicitly pointed by the teachers, because they will always influence the teaching practice that the teachers of the school History build
Esta disserta??o tem como objetivo refletir sobre a compreens?o de professores da Hist?ria escolar do Ensino Fundamental a respeito das rela??es existentes entre as teorias da hist?ria e o ensino da Hist?ria escolar, bem como refletir como estes docentes compreendem a influ?ncia que a sua pr?tica de ensino recebe das teorias da hist?ria. O trabalho est? respaldado nos postulados da pesquisa qualitativa e nas caracter?sticas da etnografia da pr?tica escolar. Os principais procedimentos de constru??o dos dados foram a an?lise documental, as entrevistas semi-estruturadas, o di?rio de campo e as observa??es de aulas. A perspectiva epistemol?gica da multirreferencialidade foi refer?ncia importante nesta pesquisa. Os part?cipes deste trabalho s?o dois professores da rede municipal de Natal que atuam na ?rea da Hist?ria escolar em duas escolas da Zona Administrativa Norte da cidade. As an?lises realizadas apontam para ind?cios significativos de que n?o ocorreram situa??es de ensino cont?nuas e regulares na forma??o inicial e continuada destes docentes, que evidenciassem claramente as rela??es entre as teorias da hist?ria e o ensino da Hist?ria escolar. Elas tamb?m sugerem que a compreens?o deles sobre a influ?ncia que a sua pr?tica de ensino recebe das teorias da hist?ria, ainda n?o ? expl?cita. N?s compreendemos que as rela??es entre as teorias da hist?ria e o ensino da Hist?ria escolar s?o importantes para a forma??o inicial e continuada dos professores desta ?rea do conhecimento, mesmo quando estas rela??es n?o s?o explicitamente apontadas pelos professores formadores, pois elas sempre influenciar?o a pr?tica de ensino que os docentes da Hist?ria escolar constroem

Den här kvalitativa intervjustudien syftar till att synliggöra hur några förskoleklasslärare beskriver arbetet med det obligatoriska kartläggningsmaterialet Hitta språket och Hitta matematiken. Studien utgår från tre frågeställningar där fokus ligger på vilka möjligheter och utmaningar förskoleklasslärarna ser med materialet samt vad som händer efter kartläggningen. Sammanlagt har tolv verksamma förskoleklasslärare, från elva olika skolor runt om i Sverige, som genomfört och använt sig av kartläggningsmaterialet vid minst två tillfällen, intervjuats. Intervjuerna har transkriberats och analyserats med inspiration av tematisk analys. Informanternas uppfattningar har tematiserats och resultatet och analysen redovisas i fem olika teman; Kartläggningens fördelar, Kartläggningsmaterialet, Tid, Utmaningar samt Genomförande. Resultatet visar att informanterna i denna studie har en positiv inställning till syftet och bakgrunden till kartläggningen. Informanterna uppger att kartläggningen är ett hjälpmedel för att få en bra överblick över hur barngruppen ligger till kunskapsmässigt, en hjälp för dem när det gäller hur de ska lägga upp undervisningen under året i förskoleklassen, hur de ska utmana eleverna på rätt nivå samt att inte missa någon elev. De menar även att kartläggningen är ett effektivt hjälpmedel för dem att upptäcka elever med svårigheter på ett tidigt plan så att de kan sätta in åtgärder så fort som möjligt utefter varje barns nivå. Samtliga informanter i studien riktar dock kritik mot tidsåtgången som kartläggningen kräver och menar att den tar alldeles för mycket tid att förbereda, genomföra och sammanställa. Flera av informanterna menar att kartläggningen skapar en stress hos dem och de upplever att kartläggningen stjäl tid från annat som de hellre hade lagt sin tid på. Resultatet visar även att det skiljer sig en hel del mellan de olika skolorna när det gäller vilka förutsättningar man har i samband med kartläggningens genomförande. Det gäller allt ifrån hur mycket tid man har att förbereda, genomföra och analysera till vilka resurser som finns att tillgå. Men även kring vilka rutiner som finns och vad som sker efter kartläggningen.

This licentiate thesis investigates architectural competitions and quality assessment  of architecture in an early phase. The project is developed out of a need of knowledge about the role of architectural competitions in design quality improvement and their outcomes in society. It focuses on a central part of the competition: the jury’s judging process and how jury members discuss and evaluate entries in order to select and award a winner. Usually, a competition jury comprises of both architects and laypersons. The architects have the responsibility to guide the non-professional members through the entries. Therefore, the architect members are forced to explain and justify their professional opinions about the design aspects of the entries. The discussions of architecture become pedagogical and straightforward, which facilitate my observations and understanding of the entire process. Besides showing a professional assessment of architecture, the jury situation reveals preferences in a more obvious way than discussions among only architects. The study strives to accumulate knowledge of architectural competitions, jury judgment and evaluations of architectural design quality. It is keen to find out: How is an architectural competition conducted and organized? How does the jury process work? How do they appoint a winner? Is the design assessment a matter of expertise or personal preferences? What is the architect’s role in a competition? Which are the jury’s central problems? Triangulation of obtained data as well as research methods has been used in order to secure the project’s credibility. The survey has been made in four steps by a feasibility study, an analysis of criteria and two case studies. The research is mainly carried out by using mixed methods of investigation. Analysis of the situation, document studies and case studies are shaping the important empirical foundations. The first step was a feasibility study of the architectural competitions in the Nordic countries.1 The study is made together with Dr. Magnus Rönn and Dr. Reza Kazemian and published in two scientific reports. (Kazemian, et al., 2005; Kazemian, et al., 2007) Three different methods of data gathering were used. 1) A comparison of the competition rules between the four countries. 2) Statistics extraction and interpretation of the competitions in the four countries from January 1999 to December 2000. 3) Interviews with 18 key-persons with experiences from competition juries, arrangements of competitions and competition secretaries. The research results from the study have been quite unique and informative. One was the development of a preliminary model of a jury judgment process and how it is conducted. The study also indicated that the selection of casesshould be made at least by one open and one invited competition in order to get a variation-rich foundation. The second step was an analysis of evaluation criteria in competition assessments. Documents from nine competitions in different scales (town-planning, building design and furniture design) are investigated. They are compared to a checklist of evaluation aspects from a guide booklet to jury members published by the Competition Secretariat at the Swedish Association of Architects. The study indicates that a set of fundamental criteria exists, and is used in in various scales of professional design evaluation. The feasibility study and criteria analysis provides important information that are useful in the organisation and conduction of the case studies. Based on these premises, two project competitions were selected as case-studies, one was an open competition and the other was an invited competition. The first study was the open competition ”Visans hus i Västervik”2 in the south-east of Sweden. The major task of the competition was to design a building that should be used for conferences and cultural events in Västervik. The jury consisted of eight persons: four architects, two politicians and two experts in musical performance and music festival arrangement. The jury needed five meetings to find a winner among the 97 entries that could best meet the requirements of the competition program. The assessment process started with an out-sorting of entries and a gradual and thorough analysis of the remaining ones. The study showed how rhetoric influence the jury’s work. The entries contained both visual rhetoric in the way they were graphically organized and presented in written rhetoric in the way the texts were prepared. The jury members used verbal rhetoric in their discussions. The different types of rhetoric revealed the preferences and points of interest from the actors in a competition. The architects behind the entries directed themselves toward different parts of the jury. The jury members had different aims with the competition and different interests to look after. By the fourth meeting, the jury came to a critical point when no entry seemed to be good enough. Then in the last meeting the jury studied the entries in a scalemodel. This made them finally agree upon one entry that appeared as fitting in the surroundings. It was the eye that finally settled the competition. The second case study was the invited competition called ”Bildnings- och kulturcentrum i Hagfors.”3 Hagfors is a small town in Sweden. The task was to re-design an existing school. The building should be expanded and rebuilt to give space to the pupils from four other nearby schools that were facing to be closed down. The competition was used by the Hagfors municipality to find appropriate architects to cooperate with, as well as to promote the municipality through its attractive architecture. This project appeared to be controversial and created a debate among the inhabitants of Hagfors who were complaining about the closing down of the four schools in their town. The jury in Hagfors consisted of nine persons: two architects, one professor in education (pedagogy), three politicians, the technical director of Hagfors municipality, the principles from the affected schools and one representative from the Swedish Teachers’ Union. There were four competition entries, and the jury used three meetings in order to select a winner. In this process, two different strategies of assessment appeared. The experienced decision makers in the jury were in favour of an effective selection procedure that meant sorting out entries and using criteria in order to reach a final decision. The architects in the competition carried on their evaluation through architecture criticism. Their strategy was to compare and analyze all the entries in order to reach a common solution. The time pressure made it difficult for the jury members to see the other points of view. But by the last meeting, the jury succeeded to agree upon a winner. The four studies on different aspects of the competition system provides insights of the architectural competitions in Sweden, quality assessment of architecture and the decision making process of the jury. The study provides a complex and informative picture of architectural competitions. The research  findings can be concluded as follows: • The jury’s judgment of the entries in an architectural competition is a creative process that follows general directions in combination with the unique competition’s preconditions. A general model of assessment has to be adjusted to the actual competition. The jury’s meeting with the entries cannot be fully predicted. • The architects’ particular way to assess architectural design aspects in its early evaluation phases can be questioned by other non-architect jury members due to time pressure. The assessment process must contain quick decisions as well as in-depth analyses of the entries. • In spite of the fact that the jury’s decisions are made behind closed doors, the assessment can be influenced by the external debate. The jury’s works, is in this respect dependent to the context. • There are some fundamental evaluation criteria that have decisive impacts on how the jury evaluates proposals in competitions. These evaluation criteria indicate a common ground of professional thoughts and understanding of design quality among architects. • In jury assessments, a positioning between architects and laymen that represent the arranger can appear. This is due to different professional belongings among the jury members as well as to differences in the interests and aims of the competition. In spite of this, the studied juries succeeded to find a winner. • There is a genuine insecurity inherent in the assessment and decision making process of a competition. This is due to the fact that there can always be more than one good solution for a design task.  1 Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland 2 ”The house of the song in Västervik” (my translation) 3 “Educational and cultural centre in Hagfors” (my translation)
QC 20101124

The topic for my thesis is sustainable design in the light of critical design. The only simple thing about sustainability is to pronounce it, which is one of the vital results that this project displays. Wearing my critical goggles while digging into the discourse of sustainable design I saw the many factors that play a role in this complex system of networks. Creating reflections rather than fulfilling a new commercial need, posed as a spotlight on the whole design process and also on the context to appreciate this. My artifact is an attempt to visualize the complexity around sustainable development and by pointing out the importance of having a holistic approach to this; my aim is to encourage a new way of looking at products. Seeing them from their entire life, from birth to death, and metaphorically speaking how we, the human species, keep on affecting a products ecological footprint all through its time here on earth. The mediator of my message is a game and by apostrophizing a part of the complexity, my aim is to reach routine-like actions and aknowledging by letting the visitors play an active part in the exhibition, since active actions lead to consciousness.

This licentiate thesis investigates architectural competitions and quality assessment  of architecture in an early phase. The project is developed out of a need of knowledge about the role of architectural competitions in design quality improvement and their outcomes in society. It focuses on a central part of the competition: the jury’s judging process and how jury members discuss and evaluate entries in order to select and award a winner. Usually, a competition jury comprises of both architects and laypersons. The architects have the responsibility to guide the non-professional members through the entries. Therefore, the architect members are forced to explain and justify their professional opinions about the design aspects of the entries. The discussions of architecture become pedagogical and straightforward, which facilitate my observations and understanding of the entire process. Besides showing a professional assessment of architecture, the jury situation reveals preferences in a more obvious way than discussions among only architects. The study strives to accumulate knowledge of architectural competitions, jury judgment and evaluations of architectural design quality. It is keen to find out: How is an architectural competition conducted and organized? How does the jury process work? How do they appoint a winner? Is the design assessment a matter of expertise or personal preferences? What is the architect’s role in a competition? Which are the jury’s central problems? Triangulation of obtained data as well as research methods has been used in order to secure the project’s credibility. The survey has been made in four steps by a feasibility study, an analysis of criteria and two case studies. The research is mainly carried out by using mixed methods of investigation. Analysis of the situation, document studies and case studies are shaping the important empirical foundations. The first step was a feasibility study of the architectural competitions in the Nordic countries.1 The study is made together with Dr. Magnus Rönn and Dr. Reza Kazemian and published in two scientific reports. (Kazemian, et al., 2005; Kazemian, et al., 2007) Three different methods of data gathering were used.

1) A comparison of the competition rules between the four countries.

2) Statistics extraction and interpretation of the competitions in the four countries from January 1999 to December 2000.

3) Interviews with 18 key-persons with experiences from competition juries, arrangements of competitions and competition secretaries.

The research results from the study have been quite unique and informative. One was the development of a preliminary model of a jury judgment process and how it is conducted. The study also indicated that the selection of casesshould be made at least by one open and one invited competition in order to get a variation-rich foundation. The second step was an analysis of evaluation criteria in competition assessments. Documents from nine competitions in different scales (town-planning, building design and furniture design) are investigated. They are compared to a checklist of evaluation aspects from a guide booklet to jury members published by the Competition Secretariat at the Swedish Association of Architects. The study indicates that a set of fundamental criteria exists, and is used in in various scales of professional design evaluation. The feasibility study and criteria analysis provides important information that are useful in the organisation and conduction of the case studies. Based on these premises, two project competitions were selected as case-studies, one was an open competition and the other was an invited competition. The first study was the open competition ”Visans hus i Västervik”2 in the south-east of Sweden. The major task of the competition was to design a building that should be used for conferences and cultural events in Västervik. The jury consisted of eight persons: four architects, two politicians and two experts in musical performance and music festival arrangement. The jury needed five meetings to find a winner among the 97 entries that could best meet the requirements of the competition program. The assessment process started with an out-sorting of entries and a gradual and thorough analysis of the remaining ones. The study showed how rhetoric influence the jury’s work. The entries contained both visual rhetoric in the way they were graphically organized and presented in written rhetoric in the way the texts were prepared. The jury members used verbal rhetoric in their discussions. The different types of rhetoric revealed the preferences and points of interest from the actors in a competition. The architects behind the entries directed themselves toward different parts of the jury. The jury members had different aims with the competition and different interests to look after. By the fourth meeting, the jury came to a critical point when no entry seemed to be good enough. Then in the last meeting the jury studied the entries in a scalemodel. This made them finally agree upon one entry that appeared as fitting in the surroundings. It was the eye that finally settled the competition. The second case study was the invited competition called ”Bildnings- och kulturcentrum i Hagfors.”3 Hagfors is a small town in Sweden. The task was to re-design an existing school. The building should be expanded and rebuilt to give space to the pupils from four other nearby schools that were facing to be closed down. The competition was used by the Hagfors municipality to find appropriate architects to cooperate with, as well as to promote the municipality through its attractive architecture. This project appeared to be controversial and created a debate among the inhabitants of Hagfors who were complaining about the closing down of the four schools in their town. The jury in Hagfors consisted of nine persons: two architects, one professor in education (pedagogy), three politicians, the technical director of Hagfors municipality, the principles from the affected schools and one representative from the Swedish Teachers’ Union. There were four competition entries, and the jury used three meetings in order to select a winner. In this process, two different strategies of assessment appeared. The experienced decision makers in the jury were in favour of an effective selection procedure that meant sorting out entries and using criteria in order to reach a final decision. The architects in the competition carried on their evaluation through architecture criticism. Their strategy was to compare and analyze all the entries in order to reach a common solution. The time pressure made it difficult for the jury members to see the other points of view. But by the last meeting, the jury succeeded to agree upon a winner. The four studies on different aspects of the competition system provides insights of the architectural competitions in Sweden, quality assessment of architecture and the decision making process of the jury. The study provides a complex and informative picture of architectural competitions. The research  findings can be concluded as follows:

• The jury’s judgment of the entries in an architectural competition is a creative process that follows general directions in combination with the unique competition’s preconditions. A general model of assessment has to be adjusted to the actual competition. The jury’s meeting with the entries cannot be fully predicted.

• The architects’ particular way to assess architectural design aspects in its early evaluation phases can be questioned by other non-architect jury members due to time pressure. The assessment process must contain quick decisions as well as in-depth analyses of the entries.

• In spite of the fact that the jury’s decisions are made behind closed doors, the assessment can be influenced by the external debate. The jury’s works, is in this respect dependent to the context.

• There are some fundamental evaluation criteria that have decisive impacts on how the jury evaluates proposals in competitions. These evaluation criteria indicate a common ground of professional thoughts and understanding of design quality among architects.

• In jury assessments, a positioning between architects and laymen that represent the arranger can appear. This is due to different professional belongings among the jury members as well as to differences in the interests and aims of the competition. In spite of this, the studied juries succeeded to find a winner.

• There is a genuine insecurity inherent in the assessment and decision making process of a competition. This is due to the fact that there can always be more than one good solution for a design task.

 1 Sweden, Norway, Denmark and Finland

2 ”The house of the song in Västervik” (my translation)

3 “Educational and cultural centre in Hagfors” (my translation)

 

This report is a study if a multi linear regression could be used to predict the cap hit of hockey forwards from the NHL. Data was collected during the 2010-2011, 2011-2012, and 2012-2013 seasons. The chosen variables were common hockey statistics and a few none hockey-related, like origin and age. The initial model was improved by removing insignicant covariates, detected by BIC-test and p-values. The final model consisted of 291 players and had an adjusted R2-value of 0,7820. Of the covariates, goals, assists and ice time had the biggest impact on a player's cap hit.

The aim of this Masters thesis is to understand how librarians develop their reference service. The purpose was to find patterns in how librarians work with reference questions. As a theoretical framework we have used research in the reference field. Where do the skills of the search process come from: education or experience? Answers were sought to the following questions: - How different are the search process in practice compared to theory? - Which similarities and differences are there among the informants? - How important was the education in comparison to the knowledge about the libraries collections? - How did the changes in the school system in 1993 influence reference education and what could the consequences be to the reference knowledge among librarians? We sent out a question form and a search question which was answered by 12 librarians in university and university college libraries. We found out that the librarians used the same search process and that it is similar to our theoretical framework. Most of the informants thought that education is necessary for a basic understanding for the work and they all thought that when working in a library you develop the skills for good reference services.
Uppsatsnivå: D

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The present research deals with the problematic of Latin American evangelical identity built from its historical issues in the second half of the 20th century. First, it shows the difficulties of the theme such as the semantic issue related to the term evangelical and the transdenominationality concerning the charismatic ways of living the Christian faith. It also briefly overviews the academic studies about protestantism and evangelicalism in which it fits. Then, it presents ways of dealing with the specific problematic of this research. In a second moment, this research faces the question regarding the political and religious field where Latin American evangelicalism develops its identity, presenting its major formative characters: Catholicism, ecumenism and fundamentalism. Last, it makes a discursive analysis of the final documents of the most important Latin American evangelical congresses, conferences, and the Lausanne Congress (1974). So Evangelicalism is seen like a historical product in close connection with the political, social and religious context of the studied decades. It is both fruit of fundamentalism, from which it develops its antiecumenism, as of the ecumenism, from which it inherits questions about the missiological praxis.
A presente pesquisa lida com a problem?tica da forma??o da identidade evangelical latino-americana a partir de seus contingentes hist?ricos na segunda metade do s?culo XX. Primeiro, exp?e as dificuldades relativas ao tema, tais como o problema sem?ntico ligado ? palavra evang?lico e a transdenominacionalidade ligada ?s formas carism?ticas de viv?ncia da f? crist?. Tamb?m faz um breve retrospecto do estudo acad?mico do protestantismo e do evangelicalismo no qual esta se insere. Ent?o apresenta caminhos para se tratar da problem?tica espec?fica desta pesquisa. Num segundo momento, trabalha com a quest?o do campo pol?tico-religioso no qual o evangelicalismo latino-americano desenvolve sua identidade, apresentando seus principais agentes informativos: o catolicismo, ecumenismo e fundamentalismo. Por fim, faz uma an?lise discursiva dos documentos finais dos principais congressos e confer?ncias evang?licas latino-americanas e do Congresso de Lausanne (1974). Assim, o Evangelicalismo ? visto como um produto hist?rico em ?ntima rela??o com o contexto pol?tico, social e religioso das d?cadas estudadas. ? fruto tanto fundamentalismo de onde desenvolve seu anti-ecumenismo, quando do ecumenismo do qual herda alguns questionamentos quanto ? pr?tica missiol?gica.

Thanks to recent advancements in low-power communication methods and lower costs, smart home devices are expected to hit over 100 million European households by 2024.This study concerns the installation and configuration of Home Assistant at the Halmstad Intelligent Home (HINT).HINT is a realistic home environment created for research studies and experiments to develop innovations. Several automations are created that automate daily tasks throughout the day.This was accomplished by assembling a test setup using Home Assistant as a platform and several smart home devices that communicate using different protocols.The results include a Home Assistant based automation that monitors and assists in routine tasks using smart home devices at HINT. A GUI was also built to enable user-friendly control of the system. Results also include the integration of an Onyx oximeter which can allow the resident to monitor and follow up blood oxygen level, respiration, and heartbeat rates.
Smarta-enheter beräknas nå över 100 miljoner hushåll i Europa 2024 tack vare de senaste framstegen inom kommunikationsmetoder med låg strömförbrukning och lägre priser.Denna studie undersöker hur ett smart hem kan förbättra en persons liv genom att tillhandahålla automatiseringar och tjänster med hjälp av elektroniska enheter som kommunicerar via lokal nätverk.Detta åstadkoms genom att sätta ihop en test-setup med flera populära smarta enheter som kommunicerar genom olika protokoll och utveckla automationer med hjälp av Halmstad Intelligent Home (HINT) en test-lägenhet som erbjuder en realistisk hemmiljö för forskningsstudier och experiment. Studien resulterade i ett hemautomationssystem byggt med Home Assistant som kan styra flera populära (IoT) enheter, inklusive en Onyx 3-oximeter som integrerades under denna studie, som användare kan styra och analysera med ett grafiskt användargränssnitt.

Att lära sig programmera på nybörjarnivå inom ramen för en högskoleutbildning är en process som för vissa studenter tycks helt oproblematisk medan den för andra ter sig smärtsam eller rent av oöverstiglig. Varför är det så och hur kan man hitta ingångar i formandet av programmeringskunskap som öppnar möjligheter för alla som vill lära sig? Med dessa frågeställningar som utgångspunkt har jag tittat på två olika utbildningsprogram vid Blekinge Tekniska Högskola (BTH) - Informationsteknologiprogrammet respektive Medieteknik-programmet. Jag har intervjuat ett urval studenter och lärare från de båda programmen och ställt frågor bl a kring tidigare erfarenheter av datorer och programmering, synen på programmering, upplevda svårigheter med att lära sig programmera och tänkbara orsaker till dessa svårigheter. Resultaten från intervjuerna har reflekterats genom ett antal texter som behandlar föreställningar och förhållningssätt i formandet av programmeringskunskap såväl som mer övergripande frågor kring epistemologiska utgångspunkter i formandet av all slags kunskap, men med fokus på programmeringskunskap. Min metodologi är förankrad i genus-forskningsteorier kring de vetenskapliga kunskapsprocesserna, inom vilka frågor rörande bl a metod- och teoriinnehåll problematiseras. Denna förankring har möjliggjort den kontextuella analys i vilken jag försökt lyfta fram allmängiltiga såväl som specifika tendenser, d v s både faktorer som kan härröras till respektive program jag studerat och faktorer som berör programmeringsundervisning i högskolemiljö generellt. I den avslutande diskussionen har jag lagt särskild vikt vid de frågeställningar som jag uppfattar har den mest signifikanta betydelsen för hur möjligheter kan skapas för att programmeringskunskap ska uppfattas som "tillgänglig" av alla som har intresse av att lära sig programmera. Dessa frågeställningar berör just den övergripande kunskapssyn inom vilken programmeringsundervisning alltför ofta formas; en kunskapssyn som ger uttryck för ett mer eller mindre utpräglat prestationstänkande. Frågeställningar kring vilka konsekvenser en "likriktad" undervisning kan få för olika individer tas också upp och möjligheter till skapandet av mångfald i undervisningen diskuteras liksom lärarnas roll i detta sammanhang. Med detta arbete vill jag bidra till kunskapsunderlag för ett pedagogiskt utvecklingsarbete - till gagn för studenter och lärare såväl som programmeringsämnet i sig.

Undersökningens problemområde är att personer som har läs- och skrivsvårigheter kan ha svårt att hitta information på sin kommuns webb. Enbart vissa kommuner erbjuder tjänster för personer med läs- och skrivsvårigheter. Syftet är att studera vilka webbtillgänglighetsriktlinjer som kommunernas webbsida uppfyller med inriktning på läs- och skrivsvårigheter/dyslexi. Genom att använda metoderna innehållsanalys, dokumentanalys och automatisk granskning av webbsidor tog studien reda på hur kommunernas webbsidor är tillgänglighetsanpassade för användare med läs- och skrivsvårigheter/dyslexi. Resultatet av undersökningen visar att två av tio kommuner följer de riktlinjer som granskades, utom en riktlinje som ingen av kommunerna uppfyllde. Slutsatsen av undersökningen är att även om kommunerna säger att deras webbsida är tillgänglighetsanpassad kanske den inte är det. Det omvända gäller också, att en del av de kommuner som inte nämner att de är tillgängliga faktiskt i stor utsträckning har följt riktlinjerna för webbtillgänglighet.

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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
At 2004, the Frente Amplio (left parties and movements coalition) won the parliamentary and presidential elections. One of the first changes was a revision of the military period, in the juridical aspects, including human rights, and also in the educational aspect, that is, the scholar teaching about dicatatorship has entered in the agenda, and with it the advantages and problems of the teaching of recent history. From the motivations and difficulties that emerged to the incorporation of the teaching of recent history at Uruguay, the notion of ?laicidade? (laity) ? of large usage on the public debate ? as one of the strongest conditionants who grow difficult the history didactics renewing. The main objective is to understand the characteristics and working of the usage of the ?laicidade? notion, on what it refers to the history teaching. To this field of the education, there are different visions and usages of the ?history as scholar subject? and its teaching and learning processes, that are considered adequated or not according to the individual position about the theme of the ?laicidade?. With resource to documental analysis and to the production and interpretation of written interviews, it was analysed two groups of individuals involved in this debate. At a side, the politicians of the tradicional political parties (Blancos and Colorados), from their parliamentary and journalistic speeches; at the other side, the history teachers, from among were interviewed 15 teachers during the actual year. The main theorical references were the texts on historical consciousness and history didactics of J?rn R?sen (2001, 2007, 2007b) and the analysis about the relationships with the knowledge done by Bernard Charlot (1986, 2001, 2005,2006). The renewing of the history teaching in general, that represents the arrival of recent history at the classrooms stays conditioned by the indefinable notion of ?violate laicy? (violar a laicidade) in a big proportion. It was constated that the original meaning of the notion - linked to avoiding the teaching of religious dogmas in the classes ? is completely changed by a ?political shape? that unites this notion with the idea of a objective and neutral education. Because of this, the ?usage? of the laicy concept revealed to be a key to enter the analysis in the different ?usagens of teached history? and over the vision that is got ?about? and ?from? the different individuals that make the teaching and learning process (except the students that were no part of this research). By a side, the politicians consider ?laic? and, because of this, accepted, a history without conflicts ? lineal, nationalist and liberal (and, of course, objective and neutral) that honour the supposed tabula rasa that the student would represent. The teachers divide in whose fear problems caused in the confrontation of those ?social accepted? rules (and ends ?institucionalizing? themselves accepting those rules) and the ones who see a trap in the desired objectivity or neutrality. The prominence of this research is at identifying the ?laicidade? as a notion at the same time indefiniable and insindiously condicionater of the practices, individuals and knowledges to the history teaching in Uruguay. The research allows proposing a revision of the ?laicidade? notion, in the meaning of maintaining this role of definition of a public space, but pledging criteria that can also be public, that means, intersubjectively constructed.
Em 2004, o Frente Amplio (coaliza??o de partidos e movimentos de esquerda) venceu as elei??es parlamentares e presidencial no Uruguai. Uma das primeiras mudan?as foi uma revis?o do per?odo militar, tanto nos aspectos jur?dicos, incluindo os direitos humanos, quanto no aspecto educacional, ou seja, o ensino escolar sobre a ditadura entrou para a ordem do dia, e com ele as vantagens e problemas do ensino da hist?ria recente. A partir das motiva??es e dificuldades que surgiram para a incorpora??o do ensino da hist?ria recente no Uruguai, discutese a no??o de laicidade ? de largo uso no debate p?blico ? como um dos condicionantes mais fortes que dificultam uma renova??o da did?tica da hist?ria. O objetivo principal ? compreender as caracter?sticas e o funcionamento do uso da no??o de laicidade no que se refere ao ensino de Hist?ria. Para esse campo da educa??o, existem diferentes vis?es e usos da ?disciplina hist?ria? e seus processos de ensino aprendizagem, julgados adequados ou n?o conforme o posicionamento do sujeito quanto ? quest?o da laicidade. Com o recurso ? an?lise documental e ? produ??o e interpreta??o de entrevistas escritas, foram analisados dois grupos de sujeitos envolvidos nesse debate. Por um lado os pol?ticos dos partidos tradicionais (Blancos e Colorados) a partir de seus depoimentos parlamentares e jornal?sticos e por outro os professores de hist?ria, dentre os quais foram entrevistados 15 docentes no decorrer do atual ano. Os principais referentes te?ricos utilizados s?o os escritos sobre consci?ncia hist?rica e did?tica da hist?ria de J?rn R?sen (2001, 2007, 2007b) e as an?lises sobre as rela??es com o saber que realiza Bernard Charlot (1986, 2001, 2005, 2006). A renova??o no ensino da hist?ria em geral que representa a chegada da hist?ria recente nas aulas fica em boa medida condicionada pela indefin?vel no??o de ?violar a laicidade?. Constatou-se que o sentido original da no??o -vinculado com evitar o ensino de dogmas religiosos nas aulas - acha-se totalmente modificado por um ?formato pol?tico? que une essa no??o com a ideia de um ensino objetivo e neutro. Por sso mesmo o ?uso? do conceito de laicidade resultou ser a chave para adentrar as an?lises nos diferentes ?usos da hist?ria ensinada? e sobre a vis?o que se tem ?de? e ?desde? os diferentes sujeitos que comp?em o processo de ensino-aprendizagem (exceto os estudantes, que n?o integraram esta pesquisa). Por um lado os pol?ticos tradicionais consideram ?laica?, e por isso mesmo aceita, uma hist?ria sem conflitos - linear, nacionalista e liberal (e, claro, objetiva e neutra) que respeite a suposta ?tabula rasa? que representaria o estudante. Os professores se dividem entre os que temem problemas por confrontar essa vis?o ?aceita socialmente? da laicidade (e terminam por ?institucionalizar-se? aceitando essas regras para o ensino) e outros que visualizam uma armadilha na pretendida objetividade ou neutralidade. A relev?ncia desta pesquisa est? em identificar a laicidade como uma no??o ao mesmo tempo indefin?vel e sutilmente condicionadora das pr?ticas, sujeitos e saberes para o ensino da hist?ria no Uruguai. A investiga??o permite propor uma revis?o da no??o de laicidade, no sentido de manter seu papel de defini??o de um espa?o p?blico, mas garantindo crit?rios que tamb?m sejam p?blicos, ou seja, constru?dos intersubjetivamente.

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Este estudio trata de establecer relaciones sobre la importancia del fen?meno sociocultural que emerge de Do?a Militana para la cultura potiguar. Para tanto tomamos sus recuerdos de los romances como parte de un contexto social, relacionados con el tiempo y el espacio, que afecten a la vida material y moral de su grupo social. Resaltamos, por lo tanto, el fen?meno de la memoria individual en su relaci?n con la memoria colectiva. Proponemos, en este sentido, suponer que el mantenimiento y permanencia de estos romances en la memoria de la romancera revelan una din?mica de su grupo social para la formaci?n de su identidad. En este sentido, nos servimos como referencial te?rico de los estudios de Maurice Halbwachs, en lo que respecta a los debates sobre la memoria colectiva, en paralelo a los estudios de Paul Zunthor cuando se trata de las funciones de la oralidad para la formaci?n de la identidad. Para llevar a cabo los trabajos es de fundamental importancia, por supuesto, el relato de vida de la propia Do?a Militana en confronto con los simbolismo culturales contenidos en los romances, con el objetivo que flagremos las (co)incidencias que demarquen la identidad de sus v?nculos de identidad con el universo cultural en que est? insertado. Como resultado, se tom? como objeto de an?lisis desde la deposici?n presentadas en las entrevistas, hasta los romances en sus aspectos po?ticos, ling??sticos y mitol?gicos, incluyendo los significados que el desempe?o de la romancera muestra. Objetivamos, por lo tanto, una comprensi?n dial?gica de la relaci?n entre la memoria individual (el caso de Do?a Militana) con la memoria colectiva, sobre la base de un hipot?tico concepto que subyace a la aparente singularidad de este fen?meno - un hecho aislado en cierta medida - una raz?n intr?nseca y compleja que se revela como la punta de un iceberg, al que convergen motivos hist?ricos inconscientes de un patrimonio cultural
O presente estudo visa a estabelecer rela??es quanto ao significado sociocultural do fen?meno emergente de Dona Militana para a cultura potiguar. Para isso tomamos suas lembran?as dos romances como pe?as de um contexto social, relacionados ao tempo e ao espa?o, influenciando a vida material e moral do seu grupo social. Ressaltamos, com isso, o fen?meno da mem?ria individual em sua rela??o com a mem?ria coletiva. Propomos, nesse sentido, supor que a reten??o e a perman?ncia desses romances na mem?ria da romanceira revelam uma din?mica de seu grupo social para a constitui??o de sua identidade. Nesse sentido, servimo-nos como referencial te?rico dos estudos de Maurice Halbwachs, no que tangem ?s discuss?es relativas ? mem?ria coletiva em paralelo aos estudos de Paul Zunthor, quando tratamos das fun??es da oralidade para a forma??o da identidade. Para a execu??o do trabalho, ? de fundamental import?ncia, naturalmente, o relato de vida da pr?pria Dona Militana em confronto com os simbolismos culturais presentes nos romances, em vista de flagrarmos as (co)incid?ncias que demarquem seus v?nculos de identidade com o universo cultural em que se insere. Em fun??o disso, tomamos como objeto de an?lise desde os depoimentos apresentados em entrevistas, at? os romances em seus aspectos po?ticos, ling??sticos e mitol?gicos, passando inclusive pelos significados que a performance da romanceira revela. Objetivamos, portanto, a uma compreens?o dial?gica da rela??o entre a mem?ria individual (o caso de Dona Militana), com a mem?ria coletiva, calcada sobre a concep??o hipot?tica de que subjaz ? aparente singularidade desse fen?meno at? certo ponto um fato isolado uma raz?o intr?nseca e complexa que se revela como a ponta de um iceberg, em que confluem motiva??es hist?ricas inconscientes de uma forma??o cultural

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Elp?dio de Almeida (1893-1971) foi um intelectual que participou ativamente da sociedade campinense no s?culo XX. Foi m?dico, pol?tico e membro do Instituto Hist?rico e Geogr?fico Paraibano (IHGP). ?s v?speras do primeiro centen?rio de Campina Grande, escreveu ?Hist?ria de Campina Grande?, que se tornou um cl?ssico da historiografia da Para?ba. Nessa obra, o autor volta sua escrita para a constru??o de uma hist?ria de enaltecimento da cidade. Esta disserta??o tem como objetivo analisar o livro ?Hist?ria de Campina Grande? para compreender como o IHGP e o lugar social de Elp?dio de Almeida influenciaram sua escrita, al?m de investigar qual a no??o de hist?ria que norteia a referida obra a qual Campina Grande foi constru?da a partir de sua representa??o da cidade. Para tanto, utilizamos as contribui??es te?rico-metodol?gicas de Michel de Certeau, que em ?A escrita da Hist?ria? mostra que a escrita hist?rica ? uma pr?tica que surge a partir do lugar social e da institui??o de saber aos quais pertence o historiador.

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Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES
Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico - CNPq
O trabalho ? intitulado Ensinar e aprender Hist?ria na rela??o dial?tica entre interpreta??o e consci?ncia hist?rica cr?tica ? investiga o desencadeamento de um processo formativo te?rico e pr?tico desenvolvido com uma professora de Hist?ria, sua media??o no processo de ensino e de aprendizagem dessa disciplina, relacionados ? apropria??o da interpreta??o de textos de hist?ria e o desenvolvimento da consci?ncia hist?rica cr?tica por educandos, do 8o ano do Ensino Fundamental, de uma escola p?blica. Objetiva analisar a rela??o entre a media??o da atividade docente e a apropria??o pelo aluno, desse n?vel de ensino, da interpreta??o de textos de hist?ria e o desenvolvimento dessa consci?ncia. Optou-se pela pesquisa colaborativa, como estrat?gia formativa, e se empregou como procedimentos para a forma??o do saber: Reuni?o, Ciclos de Estudos Reflexivos, Planejamento (com a docente), Observa??o efetuada na vida real e portf?lio (envolvendo os alunos). A professora se apropriou de aportes da teoria de P. Ya. Galperin e da consci?ncia hist?rica cr?tica e desenvolveu um processo de ensino utilizando uma metodologia alicer?ada nas constru??es te?ricas desse autor. Os discentes se apropriaram da interpreta??o de textos de hist?ria e demonstraram se encontrar em um processo de desenvolvimento de sua consci?ncia hist?rica cr?tica. O desempenho dos educandos ocorreu de modo mais consistente nas interpreta??es concretizadas em grupos, com orienta??o da professora e apoio do mapa da atividade. Os processos formativos, realizados na e sobre as atividades docente e discente, revelaram um aprimoramento no desenvolvimento profissional da professora e no saber e saber-fazer dos alunos. Contribuiu, para isso, a reflex?o cr?tica vivenciada na trajet?ria do processo investigativo. Diante dessas constata??es, como necessidades de novas reflex?es, a investiga??o recomenda o desenvolvimento de processos de ensino e de aprendizagem, em outros anos do Ensino Fundamental, envolvendo a interpreta??o de textos de hist?ria e o desenvolvimento da consci?ncia hist?rica cr?tica dos educandos.
Teaching and learning History in dialectical relationship between interpretation and critical historical awareness has investigated the triggering of a theoretical-practical training process developed with a history teacher, her mediation in the teaching and learning of the discipline process, related to the appropriation of history text interpretation and the development of critical historical consciousness by public school 8 th-grade students of elementary level. It aims to analyze the relationship between mediation of teaching activity and ownership by the student on this level, the interpretation of history texts and development of this consciousness. It has been opted for collaborative research, as training and strategy, and was employed as procedures for the formation of knowledge: Meeting, Cycles of Reflexive Studies, Planning (with teachers), Observation performed in real life and portfolio (involving students). The teacher appropriated of contributions of the theory by P. Ya . Galperin and critical historical consciousness and developed a teaching process using a methodology grounded in theoretical constructs this author. The students appropriated the interpretation of history texts and demonstrated to be in a process of developing a critical historical consciousness. Performance of the students occurred more consistently in the interpretations implemented in groups, with teacher guidance and support of the activity map. Training processes, performed in and about teaching and student activities, revealed an improvement in teacher's professional development and the knowledge and expertise of the students. It has contributed to this, the critical reflection experienced in the investigative process. Given these findings, as needs of new thinking, research recommends the development of teaching and learning processes in other years of elementary school, involving the interpretation of history texts and the development of critical historical consciousness of students.

Syftet med denna studie är att undersöka hur eleverna i åldern 7-8 år talar till varandra genom konstruktionsleken med materialet lego. Samt att se hur eleverna agerar i samspeletmellankompisar och lego. Vi använde oss utav en kvalitativ forskningsmetod i form av ett strukturerat observationsschema. Med hjälp av vårt teoretiska perspektiv Vygotskis sociokulturella perspektiv har vi analyserat vårat material.Resultatet i studien visade på att eleverna kommunicerar med varandra kring leken och använder sig av olika former av talspråk. Även att se hur elevernaagerargentemot varandra i samspelet. Resultatet visar att eleverna har olika språk när de talar till varandra. Vi har valt att benämna de som konstruktionsspråk, vardagsspråk och matematikspråk. Vi har även valt att benämna katigorier kring agerandet, glad, nyfiken, beröm och arga. Fantasin och det sociala samspelet var tydligt i leken bland eleverna. Vi använde oss utav tre olika kategorierkring elevernas tal och fyra olika kategorierkring elevernas agerande.Med hjälp av denna studien har vi kommit fram till att legorummet är en bra plats för eleverna att komma in i skrift och talspråket. De finns elever i fritidshemmet som kan ha svårt att leka i större barngrupper, då är legorummet en perfekt startpunkt att börja för eleven.

Syftet med detta arbetet har varit att undersöka hur jag genom olika metoder kan väcka min kreativitet. Jag har under min tid på musikhögskolan lidit av kreativ kramp och har haft svårt att skriva musik. Jag tog mig hjälp utav tre olika metoder. Den första metoden var att använda tidspress. Då skrev jag musik under 30 minuter och under en dag. Den andra metoden gick ut på att med hjälp av begränsningar i form av att bara använda Logic Pro’s egna loopar för att skriva musik. Den sista metoden var att med hjälp av bild skriva musik efter känslorna jag fick när jag kollade på bilderna. I denna metod tittade jag både på gamla bilder och tog bilder under 24h för att sedan skriva musik. Resultatet som blev av detta arbete är att jag skrev fem låtar och upplever att jag väckte min kreativitet. Jag har förstått under arbetets gång att min kreativitet alltid funnits kvar, den har bara tagit sig nya banor och olika vägar.

Orientadores: Everardo Andrade da Costa, Christiane Marques do Couto
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas
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Resumo: A investigação do reconhecimento da fala na presença de ruído competidor, em situações de escuta assemelhadas às do dia a dia, torna-se cada vez mais necessária. Atualmente, na rotina audiológica nacional, esta avaliação ainda é realizada sem ruído, limitando as informações sobre o desempenho dos indivíduos em condições de vida real. Este problema se agrava nas perdas auditivas sensorioneurais, de alta ocorrência na sociedade. O objetivo desta pesquisa é avaliar o reconhecimento da fala sem e com ruído competidor, em diferentes grupos populacionais, com o teste - Hearing in Noise Test - HINT BRASIL - Um total de 268 sujeitos, 180 do gênero masculino e 78 do feminino, foram avaliados e divididos em: 66 normo-ouvintes; 70 normo-ouvintes com história de exposição a ruído ocupacional; 80 com perda auditiva sensorioneural, com história de exposição a ruído ocupacional e 52 usuários de próteses auditivas. O HINT Brasil foi aplicado com fones de ouvido e em campo livre nas condições: sem ruído (S); com ruído frontal (RF); ruído à direita (RD); ruído à esquerda (RE). Além disso, o programa fornece uma média ponderada das condições com ruído, a qual denomina Ruído Composto (RC). Os resultados foram computados em dB(A) na condição sem ruído e em dB Relação Sinal/Ruído nas condições com ruído. Nos testes com ruído, os valores obtidos em campo livre foram piores do que os obtidos com fones de ouvido. O grupo de normo-ouvintes exposto a ruído ocupacional apresentou pior desempenho ao HINT Brasil, na condição RC, em relação aos normo-ouvintes não expostos. O grupo de sujeitos com perda auditiva sensorioneural apresentou respostas piores em todas as condições de aplicação do HINT Brasil quando comparados aos normo-ouvintes com e sem exposição. No grupo de usuários de próteses auditivas, o desempenho para o HINT Brasil foi melhor com o uso das próteses em relação a não utilização delas
Abstract: The investigation to recognize speech in day-to-day conditions becomes increasingly necessary. Currently, on the national routine audiological, this evaluation is still performed without noise, limiting the information about the performance of individuals in real-life conditions. This problem is aggravated on sensorineural hearing loss, which has high prevalence in society. The purpose of this research is to evaluate speech recognition with and without noise in different population groups, using the HINT Brazil (Hearing in Noise Test - Portuguese version of Brazil). A total of 268 people, 180 males and 78 females were evaluated: 66 normal hearing, 70 normal hearing individuals with a history of occupational noise exposure, 80 with sensorineural hearing loss, with a history of occupational noise exposure and 52 users hearing aids. The HINT Brazil was applied, with headphones and soundfield on conditions: quiet (Q); Noise Front (NF) Noise Right (NR); Noise Left (NL). Additionally, the program provides an average of the noise conditions called Noise Composed (NC). The results were calculated on dB (A) with no noise conditions and dB Signal to Noise Ratio (S/R) in noisy conditions. On the tests with noise, the values obtained in soundfield were worse than the ones with headphones. The normal hearing group exposed to occupation noise presents worse performance with the HINT Brazil, in the condition RC, comparing to the ones not exposed. The sensoneural hearing loss group presented worse performance in all the conditions of the HINT Brazil comparing to the normal hearing with and without exposure. On the hearing aid users group, the HINT performance was better using the hearing aids
Doutorado
Epidemiologia
Doutora em Saúde Coletiva