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1
Nikolić, Vesna S. "qualifier etn. in the Dictionary of Serbian language". Językoznawstwo 18, n. 1 (14 giugno 2023): 63–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.25312/2391-5137.18/2023_08vn.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
This paper represents the continuation of the research started within the article Linguo-cultural qualifiers in the Dictionary of Serbian language, where we have marked as linguo-cultural qualifiers the following dictionary markers: etn. (ethnology, ethnography), prazn. (superstition), mit. (mythology, mythological), ist. (history, historical), rlg. (religion, religious), teol. (theology, theological), crkv. (church), pravosl. (Orthodoxy, orthodox) and kat. (Catholic). On this occasion, we have chosen those lexemes which are marked by the qualifier etn. (ethnology, ethnography) in the Dictionary of Serbian language (2011), i.e. those which refer to Serbian folk life and customs, or to be more precise – names of holidays, customs, rituals, parts of folk clothes, popular games and similar, as most of these lexemes represent the so-called non-equivalent lexis and are usually problematic in terms of translating or learning Serbian as a foreign language, but at the same time enable learning about Serbian culture and tradition.
2
Jucker, Andreas H. "The discourse markerwellin the history of English". English Language and Linguistics 1, n. 1 (maggio 1997): 91–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s136067430000037x.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The discourse markerwellhas four distinct uses in Modern English: as a frame it introduces a new topic or prefaces direct reported speech; as a qualifier it prefaces a reply which is only a partial answer to a question; as a face-threat mitigator it prefaces a disagreement; and as a pause filler it bridges interactional silence.In Old Englishwellwas used on an interpersonal level as an emphatic attention-getting device (similar to Old Englishhwæt‘listen’, ‘behold’, or ‘what’). In Middle English,wellalways functioned as a frame on a textual level. In Early Modern English, and particularly in the plays by Shakespeare, the uses ofwelldiversified considerably and adopted interpersonal uses again.
3
Lagioia, Vincenzo. "Qualifier et poursuivre la pédocriminalité des clercs dans l’Italie des xvie et xviie siècles". Clio, n. 52 (1 dicembre 2020): 69–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4000/clio.18671.
Testo completo
4
Grange, Didier. "Vers une archivistique mondialisée ? Une réflexion sur les fondements d’une communauté professionnelle à l’échelle internationale". La Gazette des archives 259, n. 3 (2020): 95–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/gazar.2020.6005.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Si pendant longtemps les archivistes ont suivi des pratiques archivistiques nationales, est-ce encore le cas aujourd’hui ? L’auteur présente quatre constats qui tendraient à démontrer qu’une archivistique que l’on pourrait qualifier de mondialisée prend de la vigueur. À terme, celle-ci devrait non seulement se combiner avec les archivistiques nationales, et peut-être même les supplanter.
5
Chirio, Maud. "Les usages médiatiques du mot « populisme » lors de la Quatrième République brésilienne (1946-1964), et leurs échos contemporains". Revue d’histoire moderne & contemporaine 71, n. 2 (30 maggio 2023): 81–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rhmc.702.0083.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cet article est consacré aux usages du mot de « populisme » dans un grand titre de presse brésilien, le Jornal do Brasil , entre 1945 et 1964. Au cours de cette parenthèse démocratique entre deux dictatures, la catégorie apparaît pour désigner une façon indue d’adopter les masses populaires urbaines comme base politique. D’emblée polysémique, le « populisme » se transforme en outil de disqualification à droite comme à gauche, notamment contre l’acteur politique central de la période, le camp travailliste héritier de Getúlio Vargas. L’étude de la période 1945-1964 est ensuite mise au service d’une réflexion sur les usages actuels de « populisme » au Brésil, afin de comprendre les enjeux politiques et historiques de son emploi médiatique, tant pour qualifier le leader d’extrême droite Jair Bolsonaro que le président de gauche Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva.
6
Orvain, Corentin, Eduardo Rodríguez-Arbolí, Megan Othus, Brenda M. Sandmaier, H. Joachim Deeg, Frederick R. Appelbaum e Roland B. Walter. "Association between Prior Cytotoxic Therapy, Antecedent Hematologic Disorder, and Outcome after Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation in Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia". Cancers 15, n. 2 (5 gennaio 2023): 352. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cancers15020352.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
(1) Background: Secondary acute myeloid leukemia (AML), i.e., AML arising from prior therapy (therapy-related) and/or an antecedent hematologic disorder (AHD) is generally associated with worse outcomes compared to de novo AML. However, recognizing the prognostic importance of genetic characteristics rather than clinical history, secondary AML is now considered a diagnostic qualifier rather than a separate disease entity. (2) Methods: To assess the association between clinical history and AML outcomes in the context of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT), we retrospectively analyzed 759 patients with de novo AML, 115 with AHD AML, and 105 with therapy-related AML who received first allografts while in first or second remission. (3) Results: At the time of HCT, these three cohorts differed significantly regarding many patient and disease-specific characteristics, including age (p < 0.001), gender (p < 0.001), disease risk (p = 0.005), HCT-CI score (p < 0.001), blood count recovery (p = 0.003), first vs. second remission (p < 0.001), remission duration (p < 0.001), measurable residual disease (MRD; p < 0.001), and conditioning intensity (p < 0.001). Relative to patients with de novo AML, relapse rates were similar for patients with AHD (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.07, p = 0.7) and therapy-related AML (HR = 0.86, p = 0.4) after multivariable adjustment, as were relapse-free survival (HR = 1.20, p = 0.2, and HR = 0.89, p = 0.5) and overall survival (HR = 1.19, p = 0.2, and HR = 0.93, p = 0.6). Non-relapse mortality was higher for AHD AML (HR = 1.59, p = 0.047). (4) Conclusions: These data suggest that the clinical history by itself contains limited prognostic value for adults with AML undergoing allografting, supporting the most recent approach to use this information as a diagnostic qualifier rather than a disease entity.
7
Le Cacheux, Jacques. "Le Liberalisme économique de part et d’autre de l’Atlantique: orthodoxie et pragmatisme". Tocqueville Review 9, n. 1 (gennaio 1988): 261–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.9.1.261.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Depuis la fin des années soixante-dix, les politiques économiques mises en oeuvre aux Etats-Unis et en Europe ont radicalement changé. Les éléments communs aux nouvelles orientations dans les différents pays sont sans aucun doute d’inspiration libérale ; ils sont si nombreux que l’on peut qualifier ce changement généralisé de « révolution libérale » -- ou encore, selon le titre d’un numéro récent de la revue Economic Policy, de « révolution conservatrice ». Par comparaison avec les orientations des deux décennies précédentes, des termes tels que « restauration » -- des mécanismes de marché -- ou « contre-révolution » -- en référence à la « révolution keynésienne » -- pourraient sembler plus appropriés.
8
Néron, Pierre-Yves. "Politiques publiques, économie comportementale et échecs de marché de marché : éviter le piège paternaliste". Tocqueville Review 37, n. 1 (gennaio 2016): 59–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.37.1.59.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
À travers la promotion de ce qu’ils appellent les « nudges », Richard Thaler et Cass Sunstein prétendent jeter les bases d’une nouvelle philosophie des politiques publiques : le « paternalisme libertarien ». Les mesures associées à un tel programme réaliseraient l’exploit d’inciter les individus à prendre de meilleures décisions, dans leur intérêt bien compris, tout en préservant leur liberté de choix. Accueillis très positivement dans certains milieux politiques, vilipendés dans d’autres, les auteurs n’hésitent pas à qualifier leur approche de véritable « troisième voie ». Le paternalisme libertarien se présente comme un moyen d’améliorer drastiquement les politiques publiques, et ce dans de nombreux domaines.
9
Le Cacheux, Jacques. "Le Liberalisme économique de part et d’autre de l’Atlantique: orthodoxie et pragmatisme". Tocqueville Review 9 (gennaio 1988): 261–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3138/ttr.9.261.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Depuis la fin des années soixante-dix, les politiques économiques mises en oeuvre aux Etats-Unis et en Europe ont radicalement changé. Les éléments communs aux nouvelles orientations dans les différents pays sont sans aucun doute d’inspiration libérale ; ils sont si nombreux que l’on peut qualifier ce changement généralisé de « révolution libérale » -- ou encore, selon le titre d’un numéro récent de la revue Economic Policy, de « révolution conservatrice ». Par comparaison avec les orientations des deux décennies précédentes, des termes tels que « restauration » -- des mécanismes de marché -- ou « contre-révolution » -- en référence à la « révolution keynésienne » -- pourraient sembler plus appropriés.
10
Dehoux, Esther. "« Tu es Petrus… ». Quelques remarques sur la référence à l’apôtre Pierre (début viii e -mil. xii e siècle)". Revue du Nord 446, n. 2 (14 marzo 2023): 125–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3917/rdn.1446.0125.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
L’étude porte sur les mots et expressions retenus pour qualifier et désigner l’apôtre Pierre dans un ensemble de 1207 actes de la pratique originaux écrits entre le début du viii e et le milieu du xii e siècle, période qui voit autant le développement puis la dislocation de l’empire carolingien, que l’affirmation des structures et autorités de l’Église dans le contexte du mouvement dit grégorien. Les 2 346 mentions permettent, une fois analysées, de mieux saisir les motivations qui expliquent la référence aux diverses facettes de la figure de Pierre, prince des apôtres, portier du paradis ou encore chef de l’Église, et d’apprécier ainsi la diversité des usages, qu’il s’agisse de fonder l’affirmation de l’autorité romaine ou, au contraire, de justifier la résistance des évêques.
11
Martin, Jean-Clément. "Violences Sexuelles, Étude des Archives Pratiques de L'Histoire". Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 51, n. 3 (giugno 1996): 643–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ahess.1996.410875.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Parmi les débats qui agitent la communauté historienne — ou au moins une partie d'entre elle — les discours tenus par les acteurs de l'histoire et leur utilisation par les historiens occupent une place centrale. Un éditorial avait, en son temps, attiré l'attention sur les nécessaires révisions critiques à faire pour ne considérer ni les sociétés comme des choses, ni les individus comme des machines sans stratégies ou sans capacités de négociations. Les recherches besogneuses dans les dépôts d'archives conduisent parfois de façon inéluctable à une confrontation avec ces problématiques, lorsqu'au travers de dossiers que l'on pourrait qualifier de sensibles, le chercheur étudie des expériences dramatiques et doit s'interroger sur la façon dont il en rend compte.
12
Blagoeva, Diana. "ЛЕКСИКОГРАФИЯТА – ИСТОРИЯ, ТЕОРИЯ И ПРАКТИКА / LEXICOGRAPHY – HISTORY, THEORY AND PRACTICE". Journal of Bulgarian Language 68, n. 02 (30 giugno 2021): 11–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.47810/bl.68.21.02.01.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The papers featured in Issue 2/2021 of the Journal deal with major topics in the theory and practice of lexicography – both in a contemporary and historical perspective. The authors address problems of onomastic lexicography, neography, explanatory lexicography and the history of Bulgarian dictionary crafting. One of the papers sheds light on some aspects of the lexicographic practice in Poland. The issue is dedicated to one of the most eminent representatives of contemporary Bulgarian academic lexicography – Prof. DSc Maria Choroleeva – on the occasion of her forthcoming jubilee. Boris Parashkevov’s paper outlines a project for the creation of a dictionary of Bulgarian surnames. The concept of the dictionary envisages the organisation of family names in nests based on semantic equivalence (correspondence), associative reference and shared structural membership, thus making it possible to reveal the structural and semantic relations among the names under study. In addition, the dictionary entries document the derivational paradigm of the respective surnames, including short forms, diminutives and suffixal derivatives. Sia Kolkovska addresses some peculiarities in the lexicographic description of Bulgarian neologisms motivated by specific types of polysemy and synonymy. The author comments on the lexicographic description of the semantic structure of new polysemous loanwords and discusses the criteria for selecting a dominant synonym in synonym sets composed of neologisms. Diana Blagoeva and Sia Kolkovska’s paper also deals with issues in neography. The authors discuss the views on the categorial nature of neologisms of the type бизнесцентър/бизнес център (business centre) in Bulgarian and comment on the reasons for the emergence and establishment of this type of lexemes in the language, while considering the dynamics of their functioning. The paper motivates the necessity for the application of a special approach to the lexicographic description of this type of neologisms. Tsvetelina Georgieva comments on Nayden Gerov’s understanding of the so-called „равнознаменаменователни речи“ and highlights the contribution of the renowned lexicographer of the National Revival and the Post-liberation period to the representation of such names in an explanatory dictionary. The author maintains that these names should be considered not synonyms but heteroyms as they belong to different dialects. Nadezhda Kostova also takes a look at the history of Bulgarian lexicography in her discussion on the arrangement of dictionary entries in different types of dictionaries from the beginning of the 20th century. The author provides a comparative analysis of the peculiarities in the application of the alphabetical-nest arrangement in the lexicographic works under discussion. In his paper Petar Sotirov studies the application of the qualifier colloquially (potoczne) in Polish explanatory lexicography, taking as a point of departure the views on the notion of colloquialism in Polish linguistics. The author concludes that the dominant notion of colloquialism in Polish lexicography is the stylistic one and goes on to identify certain cases of inconsistencies and discrepancies in the use of the qualifier. Mihaela Kuzmova discusses the place of precedent phenomena (in par-ticular, the so-called “winged words”) in phraseology. The author proposes an analysis of several popular expressions of domestic precedent origin which have neither been described in lexicographic works, nor commented in the linguistic literature, and offers some observations on their phraseologisation and usualisation.
13
Bons, Eberhard. "LE VOCABULAIRE DE LA SERVITUDE DANS LA SEPTANTE DU LIVRE DE RUTH". Journal for the Study of Judaism 33, n. 2 (2002): 153–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700630260192521.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractLe but de cet article est d'expliquer une caractéristique de la Septante du livre de Ruth. Un examen de ce texte aboutit aux résultat suivants : La Septante emploie huit termes (δoυλη, κoρασιoν, νεανιας, νεανις, παιδαριoν, παιδιoν, παιδισκη et παις) pour en traduire six qui servent à qualifier d'après le Texte Massorétique Ruth et les autres personnes travaillant pour Booz. En plus, un terme grec peut en traduire deux en hébreu et l'inverse. Afin d'expliquer ces phénomènes, il convient d'analyser les connotations que peut avoir chaque terme grec en fonction de son contexte et de s'interroger sur la « technique de traduction » adoptée par le traducteur.
14
Kasprzyk, Damian. "Régionalisme polonais – inspirations françaises. Reconnaissance". Zeszyty Wiejskie 29 (5 dicembre 2023): 7–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.18778/1506-6541.29.01.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Le texte présenté est une tentative de synthèse des orientations intellectuelles françaises influençant le régionalisme polonais. Des phénomènes que l’on peut qualifier d’annonciateurs du régionalisme propre – le développement de la recherche sur l’histoire de localités et de territoires particuliers, le folklore, les travaux géographiques et linguistiques, le développement d’un journalisme local ou d’activités artistiques et éducatives – s’inscrivent dans un large courant d’activités patriotiques, ce qui constitue une différence essentielle entre les conditions dans lesquelles le régionalisme s’est développé en Pologne et en France au tournant du XXe siècle. Indépendamment de ce qui précède, les courants scientifiques, politiques et culturels français ont été suivis de près en Pologne, gagnant ici de nombreux partisans, également parmi les régionalistes.
15
Karcher, Carolyn L. "The White “Bystander” and the Black Journalist “Abroad”: Albion W. Tourgée and Ida B. Wells as Allies Against Lynching". Prospects 29 (ottobre 2005): 85–119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300001708.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In March 1886, twenty-four-year-old Ida B. Wells wrote in her diary: “Read all day, after going home, ‘Bricks without Straw’ by Judge Tourgée. It deals with the Reconstruction era of Negro freedom and American history, and I like it somewhat. The writer is actuated by a noble purpose and tells some startling truths.” Wells was referring to Albion W. Tourgée's 1880 novel centering around a group of North Carolina freed-people, who buy land, prosper as tobacco farmers, set up a church and school, and vote for politicians sympathetic to their interests, until Ku Klux Klan terrorism and the return to power of a white-supremacist government reduce them to neoslavery. The qualifier “somewhat” may reflect Wells's disappointment with the pessimistic ending, which leaves little room for black agency after the crushing of resistance.
16
Glinatsis, Robin. "L’Épître aux Pisons dans le corpus des oeuvres d’Horace : données pratiques et enjeux interprétatifs". Revue des Études Anciennes 115, n. 1 (2013): 81–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/rea.2013.5816.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
L’habitude prise par la tradition critique, dès l’Antiquité, de qualifier le texte d’Horace d’Ars poetica n’appelle apparemment pas de remise en cause. Il suffit, pourtant, d’examiner quelques paramètres entourant la composition et la réception de l’oeuvre pour établir qu’il s’agit d’une fausse certitude. Le titre, le positionnement au sein du corpus horatien, la datation ou encore l’identité des destinataires n’ont pas été arrêtés de manière définitive et ont fait l’objet de conjectures diverses. Sur la base de ces données sujettes à la variabilité, la présente étude se propose de dévoiler une voie interprétative privilégiant l’aspect épistolaire du texte, parfois négligé au profit d’une approche qui en ferait un pur et simple traité de poésie.
17
Flandreau, Marc. "Les règles de la pratique. La Banque de France, le marché des métaux précieux et la naissance de l'étalon-or 1848-1876". Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 51, n. 4 (agosto 1996): 849–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ahess.1996.410891.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Dans quelle mesure les règles formelles d'une organisation monétaire influencent-elles les comportements, et dans quelle mesure la combinaison de ces comportements définit-elle l'organisation ? Ou encore, est-il possible de qualifier les pratiques des agents et des institutions sans faire référence aux règles du jeu, ou de comprendre ces mêmes règles sans être attentif aux pratiques qu'elles génèrent ou à l'autonomie qu'elles accordent ? Cet essai propose quelques éléments de réponse au travers de l'étude des interactions entre la Banque de France et le marché du métal précieux, et de leurs transformations entre 1848 et 1876.La littérature considérable sur les « règles du jeu » du système monétaire international au cours du 19e siècle (Bloomfield, 1959) procède en général en identifiant des principes de fonctionnement supposés universels qui auraient régi les relations monétaires entre les nations. Par rapport à cet idéal type, les particularités nationales, liées à des provisions légales, à des spécificités techniques, ou à une situation géographique donnée sont alors interprétées au moins comme des curiosités, souvent comme des déviations, plus généralement comme des violations des « règles du jeu ».
18
Walby, Sylvia. "Is Europe Cascading into Fascism? Addressing Key Concepts including Gender and Violence". Politics and Governance 6, n. 3 (14 settembre 2018): 67–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.17645/pag.v6i3.1438.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Is Europe cascading into fascism? The answer to this question matters for understanding the opposition to gender equality projects in Europe. The article addresses some of the key concepts needed to answer this question. Is ‘fascism’ or ‘authoritarian neoliberalism’ or just ‘neoliberalism’ the most appropriate concept to capture the turn to the right? The article compares the extent to which these concepts encompass ‘violence’ and ‘gender’. ‘Fascism’ is an important benchmark from European history, but Europe has not yet reached its levels of violence. The qualifier ‘authoritarian’ is not needed for ‘neoliberalism’ since it generates a trajectory towards violence. Some conceptual work is required in order to develop ‘neoliberalism’ to encompass ‘gender’ and ‘violence’, but there are bodies of work that support such a development. Including gender in analyses of the macro level changes occurring in Europe requires the concept of ‘varieties of gender regime’, which enables the conceptualisation of neoliberalism as gendered.
19
Sanders, Stephanie A., Brandon J. Hill, William L. Yarber, Cynthia A. Graham, Richard A. Crosby e Robin R. Milhausen. "Misclassification bias: diversity in conceptualisations about having 'had sex'". Sexual Health 7, n. 1 (2010): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sh09068.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Understanding the signification of the word ‘sex’ has implications for both medical research and clinical practice. Little is known about how people of varying ages define sex and how situational qualifiers influence definitions across age groups. To our knowledge, this is the first study of a representative sample to assess attitudes about which sexual behaviours constitute having ‘had sex’ and to examine possible mediating factors (gender, age, giving/receiving stimulation, male ejaculation, female orgasm, condom use or brevity). Methods: A telephone survey of English-speaking residents of Indiana (USA) using random-digit-dialling produced a final sample of 204 men and 282 women (n = 486) ranging in age from 18 to 96 years. Questions assessed the respondents’ attitudes on manual-genital (MG), oral-genital (OG), penile-vaginal intercourse (PVI) and penile-anal intercourse (PAI) behaviours. Results: There was no universal consensus on which behaviours constituted having ‘had sex’. More than 90% responded ‘yes’ to PVI but one in five responded ‘no’ to PAI, three in 10 responded ‘no’ to OG and about half endorsed MG. Fewer endorsed PVI with no male ejaculation (89.1%) compared with PVI without a qualifier (94.8%, P < 0.001). MG was endorsed more often when received (48.1%) than given (44.9%, P < 0.001). Among men, the oldest and youngest age groups were significantly less likely to believe certain behaviours constituted having ‘had sex’. Conclusions: These findings highlight the need to use behaviour-specific terminology in sexual history taking, sex research, sexual health promotion and sex education. Researchers, educators and medical practitioners should exercise caution and not assume that their own definitions of having ‘had sex’ are shared by their research participants or patients.
20
Parker, R. Brian. "All’s Well That Ends Well and Shakespeare’s Marriage". Renaissance and Reformation 37, n. 3 (1 gennaio 2001): 43–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.33137/rr.v37i3.8711.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Cette note revient sur le peu de faits connus du mariage de Shakespeare, faits qui semblent indiquer une union plus ou moins imposée par la famille d’une femme enceinte, pour proposer une dimension biographique de cette comédie tardive. Justement, l’un des principaux facteurs qui font qualifier All’s Well That Ends Well de «comédie problématique» est le rôle inhabituel joué par le mariage comme marqueur, non pas de la réalisation du désir de deux jeunes amoureux, mais plutôt du triomphe de l’héroïne de la pièce au depens du jeune homme, qui avait résisté à un tel mariage. Ce triomphe s’effectue par un stratégème faisant en sorte que le jeune homme se trouve obligé d’accepter la jeune femme déjà enceinte, et le mélange d’amertume et de honte marquant son attitude aurait bien pu être projeté sur le personnage par un dramaturge plus agé qui reconnaissait, dans son texte source, l’image miroir d’une situation de
sa jeunesse.
21
Menger, Pierre-Michel. "Le génie et sa sociologie. Controverses interprétatives sur le cas Beethoven". Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 57, n. 4 (agosto 2002): 967–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ahess.2002.280089.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
RésumésLa carrière et les défis artistiques de Beethoven apparaissent dans nombre de travaux de sociologie et d’histoire sociale de l’art comme le paradigme des changements en cascade qui transforment la position sociale des compositeurs et la portée de leurs innovations à l’aube du XIXe siècle. L’article discute d’abord les deux principales postures d’analyse du créateur d’exception. L’interprétation déterministe fait du grand artiste le producteur de la vérité historique d’une société dominée par l’émancipation bourgeoise et par la force grandissante du marché, mais, pour qualifier sa valeur, doit doter le créateur d’une mystérieuse capacité réflexive qui le place en surplomb du jeu social dont il n’est pourtant qu’un agent. L’analyse constructionniste identifie le style beethovenien àune catégorie, la grande musique, dont l’utilisation, voire l’invention, puis le succès, sont le fait de la haute aristocratie viennoise des mécènes du compositeur, mais au prix d’une réduction fonctionnaliste de la teneur des œuvres et de la réalité du talent àdes variables instrumentales sous le contrôle stratégique d’un macro-acteur social. Les impasses théoriques et les lacunes empiriques rencontrées dans ces deux types de travaux suggèrent une troisième voie d’analyse: l’organisation concurrentielle des activités professionnelles et l’indétermination durable du cours du travail novateur inscrivent le cheminement de la carrière du créateur dans un monde segmenté, mais non figé, de réseaux d’activité que structure la logique inégalitaire des appariements sélectifs.
22
Menger, Pierre-Michel. "Richard Wagner et la portée de son antisémitisme (note critique)". Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 73, n. 3 (settembre 2018): 669–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/ahss.2019.48.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
RésumésDans l’immense bibliothèque des travaux sur Richard Wagner, les recherches consacrées à la judéophobie et à l’antisémitisme du compositeur ont progressé en plusieurs vagues, à partir de la fin des années 1960. Les controverses ont été et demeurent vives pour qualifier l’idéologie wagnérienne, pour cerner ses liens avec son œuvre musicale et pour tirer les leçons de l’amplification nationaliste et antisémite du culte wagnérien par le régime nazi. L’ouvrage du musicologue Jean-Jacques Nattiez, Wagner antisémite, offre un vaste bilan et comble une lacune majeure de la bibliographie des écrits wagnériens de langue française. Après avoir rappelé comment a émergé le traitement historiographique et musicologique de l’antisémitisme wagnérien, dont cet ouvrage fait un inventaire critique, sont examinés dans cet article quatre problèmes centraux auxquels conduit la lecture de Nattiez : les ressorts de la contextualisation de l’idéologie wagnérienne dans l’Allemagne et l’Europe du xixe siècle ; les services rendus à l’hubris créatrice de Wagner par son engagement antisémite et nationaliste ; le rôle joué par les descendants dépositaires du patrimoine artistique et institutionnel de Wagner dans la propulsion de l’antisémitisme jusque sous l’ère nazie, puis, après 1945, dans l’inversion progressive et, aujourd’hui, radicalement critique des positions ; la porosité entre les écrits antisémites de Wagner et sa production lyrique, qui appelle une réinterprétation de la question de l’autonomie de l’art.
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Fessler, Daniel. "Press and Police. The Montevideo Headquarters in the pages of La Tribuna Popular (1911-1923)". Revista de Historia, n. 88 (1 luglio 2023): 1–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/rh.88.2.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
In this article I intend to study the relationship between a sector of the Montevideo Press and the Capital’s Police Headquarters during the 1910s and the early 1920s of the twentieth century, from a quantitative approach, through the analysis of news related to the crime. A moment that stood out because of the tension between newspapers and authorities of the time. For this, I focused on La Tribuna Popular, an organ that closely followed the police chronicles and reports , supporting the idea of the growth in the crime rate in the city. Traditionally , its argument was based on questioning criminal law, the administration of justice and especially the functioning of the Montevideo Police force itself. My proposal aims to analyze the relationship of the evening newspaper with two of the most censored chiefs of the period (Juan Antonio Pintos and Virgilio Sampognaro) until the change of course which was produced by the assumption of Gómez Folle in the year 1923. The present work confirms the impact that the permanent preaching through editorials and articles dedicated to tracking and monitoring criminal information had. That impact eroded the prestige of an institution systematically presented under the qualifier label of madness or insanity.
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Zotz, Gerhard, Frank Almeda, Salvador Arias, Barry Hammel e Emerson Pansarin. "Do secondary hemiepiphytes exist?" Journal of Tropical Ecology 37, n. 6 (4 ottobre 2021): 286–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0266467421000407.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
AbstractFor decades, tropical ecologists distinguished primary (PH) and secondary hemiepiphytes (SH) as two structurally dependent life forms with an epiphytic phase at, respectively, the beginning or the end of their ontogeny. However, the use of these terms has been criticized repeatedly because the term “hemiepiphyte” suggests an unsubstantiated biological similarity in ontogeny, and worse, because it is often used without a qualifier, which makes unambiguous interpretation of the life history of such species impossible. In this paper, we go one step further and ask the question whether an ontogenetic trajectory as described by the term “secondary hemiepiphyte” does exist at all. We show that until now all evidence available for the three families that were traditionally listed as taxa with SHs (Araceae, Cyclanthaceae, Marcgraviaceae) falsifies such claims, but critically discuss reports of possible SHs in other families. In all these cases unambiguous conclusions about the existence of any SH are difficult, but our detailed discussion of potential candidates is meant to provide the basis for focused field studies. Irrespective of the outcome of these studies, we urge researchers to abandon the use of the term SH for the time being: Terminological issues can be discussed once there are data.
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Ismard, Paulin. "Écrire l'histoire de l'esclavage: Entre approche globale et perspective comparatiste". Annales. Histoire, Sciences Sociales 72, n. 1 (marzo 2017): 9–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0395264917000026.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
RésuméPeut-on considérer, à la suite de l'un de ses meilleurs spécialistes, Patrick Manning, que «le champ des études sur l'esclavage est devenu un modèle de comparatisme en histoire sociale et économique»? Tout dépend de ce que l'on entend sous le terme de comparatisme, qui en est venu à qualifier des démarches aussi différentes dans leur méthode que variées, voire contradictoires, dans leur finalité. Depuis la fin des années 1990, l'histoire globale de l'esclavage n'a pas manqué de souligner les naïvetés épistémologiques d'une certaine tradition comparatiste, coupable d'appréhender le fait esclavagiste sous l'angle de ses institutions, et non comme un processus dynamique résultant de conditions historiques singulières. Il convient pourtant de cerner les limites d'une telle approche lorsqu'elle prétend être seule en mesure de dire ce qu'il en est de l'esclavage à travers l'histoire. Après avoir dressé un état des lieux des enjeux théoriques qui traversent l'historiographie contemporaine de l'esclavage, l'article tente de mettre en évidence ce qu'une démarche comparatiste de type «morphologique», redéfinie dans ses échelles d'observation, ses méthodes et ses objectifs, est susceptible d'apporter à l’étude d'une société en particulier, celle d'Athènes à l’époque classique. À partir de l'examen d'une forme spécifique d'organisation du travail servile commune à de nombreuses sociétés esclavagistes – celle où un esclave attaché à l'exploitation d'une terre, d'une boutique ou d'un atelier verse une rente régulière à son maître –, il est possible de réinterroger plusieurs dimensions essentielles de l'institution esclavagiste athénienne.
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Franklin, Rodney C. G. "The European Paediatric Cardiac Code Long List: structure and function". Cardiology in the Young 10, S1 (gennaio 2000): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1047951100007770.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Long List is a comprehensive hierarchical system of coding and classification for the diagnosis and treatment of heart disease. Although originally aimed at the clinician or surgeon treating heart disease first appearing in infancy or childhood, it has now been enlarged to encompass abnormalities first diagnosed in fetal life, as well as heart disease first acquired during adult life. There are a total of 3,876 individual terms. For the most part, these are mutually exclusive and unambivalent, given the constraints of clinical ambiguities and differing cultures of practice. In addition, there are 564 qualifier terms. These provide additional detail to individual or multiple items, such as fine anatomical detail, the severity of a lesion, the size of an interposition shunt or conduit, or the material used to close a septal defect. Finally, there are a further 341 duplicate diagnostic or procedural terms included in the List to aid its use, as some terms may have relevance in multiple areas. For example, Hypoplastic left heart syndrome is found under congenital anomalies of the left ventricle as well as in the section dealing with the aortic valve. Thus, altogether the listing consists of 4,781 items. The System is hierarchically arranged, with a major division between diagnostic and therapeutic subhierarchies. The developmental history of the Long List has been published previously, and is detailed earlier in this supplement.
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Holberg, Erica A. "Aristotle on the Pleasure of Courage". Polis: The Journal for Ancient Greek and Roman Political Thought 36, n. 2 (28 giugno 2019): 289–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/20512996-12340211.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Aristotle repeatedly qualifies the pleasure of courageous actions relative to other kinds of virtuous actions. This article argues that the pleasure of courageous actions is qualified because virtuous activity and its pleasure is dependent upon external conditions, and the external conditions of courageous actions are particularly constraining. The article shows that Curzer’s explanation of the qualified pleasure of courageous actions by the presence of pain violates Aristotle’s commitment to virtuous actions as being pleasant by their nature.
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Lähteenmäki, Mika. "Vološinov and Cassirer: A case of plagiarism?" Historiographia Linguistica International Journal for the History of the Language Sciences 29, n. 1-2 (2002): 121–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.29.1-2.09lah.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
SUMMARY Recently, it has been suggested that Valentin Vološinov (1895–1936) plagiarised Ernst Cassirer (1874–1945). This claim is to be seen as grossly overstated, although Vološinov obviously benefited from Cassirer’s work on language. This article compares Vološinov’s and Cassirer’s concepts of the sign and discusses their views concerning the relation between language and reality. There are fundamental differences between their views on the nature of the sign which mainly stem from the fact that they are committed to different philosophical paradigms. Thus, the validity of the claims according to which philosophical sources of the dialogical conception of the sign can be found in Cassirer’s works should be seriously questioned.RÉSUMÉ Selon une étude récente, Valentin Vološinov (1895–1936) aurait plagié Ernst Cassirer (1874–1945). Bien que Vološinov ait clairement bénéficié du travail de Cassirer sur le langage, qualifier cela de plagiat constitue à notre avis une exagération grave. Le présent article compare les concepts du signe chez Vološinov et Cassirer et discute de leurs points de vue en ce qui concerne la relation entre le langage et la réalité. Il y a des divergences fondamentales quant à leurs conceptions de la nature du signe. Ces divergences proviennent surtout du fait que les deux hommes appartiennent à des traditions philosophiques différentes. Aussi doit-on sérieusement remettre en question la validité des affirmations selon lesquelles les sources philosophiques de la conception dialogique du signe se trouvent dans l’oeuvre de Cassirer.ZUSAMMENFASSUNG In letzter Zeit ist behauptet worden, Valentin Vološinov (1895–1936) habe Ernst Cassirer (1874–1945) plagiiert. Diese Behauptung ist als stark übertrieben zu bezeichnen, wenn auch Vološinov offensichtlich von Cassirers Arbeiten über die Sprache profitiert hat. Der vorliegende Aufsatz vergleicht die Auffassungen über den Zeichen-Begriff bei Vološinov und Cassirer und befasst sich mit ihren Meinungen über das Verhältnis zwischen Sprache und Realität. Es bestehen fundamentale Unterschiede zwischen ihren Meinungen über die Natur des Zeichens, die hauptsächlich auf ihre Zugehörigkeit zu unterschiedlichen philosophischen Paradigmen zurückzuführen sind. Folglich sollte die Gültigkeit der Behauptungen, nach denen bei Vološinov philosophische Ursprünge der dialogischen Konzeption des Zeichens in Cassirers Arbeiten gefunden werden können, ernstlich in Frage gestellt werden.
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Kholboyev, Ilyos A. "THE HISTORY OF PREPARING QUALIFIED LAWYERS IN UZBEKISTAN". JOURNAL OF LOOK TO THE PAST 4, n. 6 (30 giugno 2021): 83–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-9599-2021-6-24.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article discusses the introduction of the process of training lawyers with higher education in Uzbekistan by the Soviet authorities. For the establishment and development of Soviet power in the country, as in other areas, the training of lawyers becamea necessity. Initial attempts to train lawyers, problems in the organization of the educational process and the general picture of the higher education institution were covered on the basis of available archival data. The policy of the Sovietstate on thetraining of lawyers was analyzed on the example of the first higher education institution in the country. The article also discusses the one-sided policy pursued by the ruling party in the training of lawyers, the establishment of political criteria for the admission of students and its consequences
30
Іван Васильович Ковальчук. "FORMING THE LOCAL AUXILIARY POLICE AND ENGAGING ITS SUBDIVISIONS IN PUNITIVE OPERATIONS OF NAZI INVADERS ON THE TERRITORY OF ZHYTOMYR REGION IN 1941". Intermarum history policy culture, n. 5 (1 gennaio 2018): 219–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.111816.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article considers the process of the Ukrainian local police formation within the structure of the auxiliary Ukrainian administration. It was determined that both Organizations of Ukrainian Nationalists had taken an active part in the process. The members of their march units arrived in Zhytomyr region. During the period of military administration the Nazi occupation authority specified the number of military personnel, the main functions and direct reporting relationship of the Ukrainian auxiliary police. Originally, the given formation was qualified as the public organization subordinated to the local authorities, however, commandant's offices could engage it to perform their tasks. Its aggregate number could not exceed 1% of the population of a specific populated locality. The main function of the auxiliary police was to tackle crime and protect different objects. In its arsenal, the police had the captured Soviet rifles and a set of 5 cartridges for each one. Within a short period of time the whole network of the auxiliary police was established on the territory of Zhytomyr region. It consisted of country commands, district, municipal and regional divisions.Among the governing bodies and municipal police, for example, in Zhytomyr city, there were many of those who came from Western Ukraine and political immigrants from Western Europe who arrived on the territory occupied by Nazi after the beginning of the Soviet-German war. Nevertheless, after some time the occupation authorities at first resorted to a dissolution of the Ukrainian auxiliary police formations, and then it was re-structured and staffed according to new plans and Nazi perspective. In that format the Ukrainian auxiliary police were fully deprived of both Organizations of Ukrainian Nationalists influence, imbedded into the occupation structure and had to carry out the dirty work Nazi could not do because of lack of human resources and means. Since that time Nazi occupation authorities engaged officials from different divisions and departments of the local auxiliary police in their punitive actions against the local population, in particular in a genocide of specific ethnic groups.
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Plewe, Brandon. "A Qualified Assertion Database for the History of Places". International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing 13, n. 1-2 (ottobre 2019): 95–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ijhac.2019.0233.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Historical place databases can be an invaluable tool for capturing the rich meaning of past places. However, this richness presents obstacles to success: the daunting need to simultaneously represent complex information such as temporal change, uncertainty, relationships, and thorough sourcing has been an obstacle to historical GIS in the past. The Qualified Assertion Model developed in this paper can represent a variety of historical complexities using a single, simple, flexible data model based on a) documenting assertions of the past world rather than claiming to know the exact truth, and b) qualifying the scope, provenance, quality, and syntactics of those assertions. This model was successfully implemented in a production-strength historical gazetteer of religious congregations, demonstrating its effectiveness and some challenges.
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Ivanyuk, Halyna. "Grey forest soils in the different classification systems". Visnyk of the Lviv University. Series Geography, n. 51 (27 dicembre 2017): 120–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vgg.2017.51.8851.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
According to various data, the area of grey forest soils in the world is 94–120.2 million ha, in Ukraine – 4.7–5.5 million ha (about 9 % of the country’s territory). The diversity of conditions for the formation of these soils, discussions about their genesis are the causes of different approaches to the classification of grey forest soils. The history of the classification of grey forest soils is analysed; the most common variants of their classification in Ukraine are presented. Seeking to find approximate equivalents, an attempt to find grey forest soils in the classification systems of different countries (Russia, Moldova, Bulgaria, Romania, Czech Republic, Poland, USA, Canada), as well as in the legend of the FAO-UNESCO map and the WRB has been made. To establish exact analogues of soils practically it is impossible due to different principles of classification’s construction. Modern soil classifications of different countries are as close as possible to WRB and “Soil Taxonomy”. The following names of grey forest soils are identified as the most grounded: light grey forest, grey forest and dark grey podzolic. The following equivalents of the WRB nomenclature (2014) for sub-types of grey forest soils are offered: light grey forest – Albic Luvisols, grey forest – Haplic Luvisols, dark grey podzolic – Luvic Greyzemic Phaeozems. To the names of analogues of these soils with gleyic properties, the qualifier “Gleyic” should be added before the name of the reference soil group. The urgent task for soil scientists of Ukraine is to create a new soil classification that would preserve the acquisitions of genetic soil science but took into account the world trends: the allocation of diagnostic horizons and features that have clearly defined quantitative boundaries. In the new classification, it is proposed to combine the light grey and grey forest soils by a separate group, dark grey podzolic soils to be grouped together in a group with podzolic chernozems. The need for such selection is confirmed by the study of the dark grey soils position in different classification systems of the world, most of which these soils are in the chernozemic type group (Mollisols, Phaeozems and Chernozems). Key words: classification, grey forest soils, Greyzems, Luvisols, Mollisols, Phaeozems.
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Horton, Michael. "Affirming Moser’s Well-Qualified Totus Christus". Pro Ecclesia: A Journal of Catholic and Evangelical Theology 29, n. 1 (9 dicembre 2019): 43–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1063851219892188.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
David Moser argues that the “ Totus Christus” motif is not only exegetically and theologically well-founded but important. This motif, associated especially with Augustine, has had a robust reception history to the present, but not primarily in Protestant, particularly evangelical, theologies. The concern expressed in my riposte is not with Moser’s definition and defense of “ Totus Christus,” which I find persuasive. Rather, I take exception to his description of my position in this paper, since I have defended “ Totus Christus” with precisely the provisos that he recommends. Overall, however, I hope that David Moser’s articulation of the motif receives a wide readership.
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McNeill, Katie-Marie. "A Re-education on How to Work: Vocational Programs in Kingston-Area Prisons, 1950–1965". Labour / Le Travail 89 (27 maggio 2022): 61–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.52975/llt.2022v89.005.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The Prison for Women, Kingston Penitentiary, and Collins Bay Penitentiary each offered an increasing variety of vocational training opportunities to incarcerated people in the mid-20th century. This article examines vocational training in these Kingston-area prisons from 1950 to the mid-1960s and argues that access to these programs was based largely on gender and age. Foucault’s idea of governmentality supports analysis of how the Penitentiary Service of Canada, reformers, and prisoners understood the process of learning how to work. Women incarcerated at the Prison for Women were trained in fields that mirrored domestic labour, and limited numbers of younger women were given access to trial vocational training in women-dominated fields such as hairdressing. Young men in their teens and twenties incarcerated at Collins Bay Penitentiary were given access to skilled trades, while older men at Kingston Penitentiary could try to qualify for transfer to Collins Bay Penitentiary by taking basic educational course upgrades. These vocational programs were supported by the John Howard Society of Ontario and the Elizabeth Fry Society of Kingston, local prisoner aid societies that helped formerly incarcerated people find jobs and coordinated with prison administration to bolster rehabilitation programs.
La Prison des femmes, le Pénitencier de Kingston et le Pénitencier de Collins Bay offraient chacun une variété croissante de possibilités de formation professionnelle aux personnes incarcérées au milieu du 20e siècle. Cet article examine la formation professionnelle dans ces prisons dans la région de Kingston de 1950 au milieu des années 1960 et soutient que l’accès à ces programmes était largement basé sur le sexe et l’âge. L’idée de gouvernementalité de Foucault soutient l’analyse de la façon dont le Service des Pénitenciers du Canada, les réformateurs et les prisonniers ont compris le processus d’apprentissage du travail. Les femmes incarcérées à la Prison des femmes ont été formées dans des domaines qui reflétaient le travail domestique, et un nombre limité de jeunes femmes ont eu accès à une formation professionnelle à l’essai dans des domaines à prédominance féminine comme la coiffure. Les jeunes hommes dans l’adolescence et la vingtaine incarcérés au Pénitencier de Collins Bay ont eu accès à des métiers spécialisés, tandis que les hommes plus âgés du Pénitencier de Kingston pouvaient essayer de se qualifier pour être transférés au Pénitencier de Collins Bay en suivant des cours de formation de base. Ces programmes professionnels ont été soutenus par la Société John Howard de l’Ontario et la Société Elizabeth Fry de Kingston, des sociétés locales d’aide aux prisonniers qui ont aidé les anciens incarcérés à trouver un emploi et ont cordonné avec l’administration pénitentiaire pour renforcer les programmes de réadaptation.
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Світлана Кондратюк. "ESTABLISHMENT OF COMMERCIAL EDUCATION IN THE RIGHT BANK OF UKRAINE IN THE SECOND HALF OF THE XIX - EARLY XX CENTURY". Intermarum history policy culture, n. 8 (30 dicembre 2020): 161–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.112010.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
caused by the integration of the domestic education system into the European space, so it is important to study and analyze the experience of formation and change of previous, pre-Soviet educational systems in Ukraine.The purpose of the study is to analyze the process of the formation of commercial education in the Right Bank of Ukraine in the post-reform period and to determine the factors that influenced its development.The research methodology is based on the application of the principles of scientificity, objectivity, historicism, and systematicity. The use of historical-systemic, functional, and historical-comparative methods allowed to study the process of establishment and functioning of the first commercial schools.The genesis of the historiography of the problem had the following stages: 1) the work of pre-revolutionary authors (second half of the XIX century - 1917), which depended on censorship restrictions and in which moderately complementary guidelines prevailed; 2) research of representatives of Soviet historiography (1917 - 1991) years), which operated in conditions of ideological constraints dominated by the relevant critical paradigm; 3) works of modern authors (since 1991 - till now), in which attempts are made to develop a balanced position taking into account both positive and negative trends in the development of secondary education in the Russian Empire in the relevant period. However, the field of research of scientists left the facts that contributed to the development of commercial education as a holistic system of training entrepreneurs for the country in the second half of the nineteenth - early twentieth century.Results. The reforms of the Russian Emperor Alexander II in the second half of the XIX century led to the rapid industrialization of the country, as well as gave a powerful impetus to the development of industry, trade, banking, and exchange. All this raised the need for new qualified personnel and gave impetus to the solution of a long-overdue educational issue.In the 1860s and 1990s, the development of commercial education on the Right Bank was carried out on the initiative and at the expense of the region's industrial and merchant circles. In an effort to remove Poles and Jews from power in the province and to limit their influence on the population, the imperial authorities were reluctant to support initiatives to establish commercial schools. Even with permission to open a school, various bans were imposed on the content and organization of education.At the turn of the century, the situation changed somewhat. Polish influence in the right-bank provinces weakened, which allowed the introduction of zemstvos and a revision of educational policy. The government is now more willing to establish commercial institutions, although quotas for Polish and Jewish children remain. Zemstvos provided significant financial support to schools and their low-income students.Conclusions. Under the influence of qualitative state-building changes and active activity of the new elite, which sought further financial prosperity through professional education and establishment of educational institutions at its own expense, a network of commercial educational institutions was formed in the Right Bank Ukraine in the post-reform period. The effectiveness of this process was greatly influenced by the state, exercising its own legislative, supervisory, and regulatory functions in order to limit the political ambitions and influences of the Polish and Jewish minorities.
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Jacobs, Aaron. "Qualified Immunity: State Power, Vigilantism and the History of Racial Violence". Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 20, n. 4 (ottobre 2021): 553–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537781421000426.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Since the historic uprisings sparked by the murder of George Floyd, growing calls to defund the police have upended mainstream political discourse in the United States. Outrage at appalling evidence of rampant police brutality and an entrenched culture of impunity have moved to the very center of public debate what were until recently dismissed as radical demands. This dramatic shift has, among other things, opened up space for discussion of the history of policing and the prison-industrial complex more broadly. In particular, abolitionists have urged examination of the deep roots of our contemporary situation. As the organizer and educator Mariame Kaba argued in an editorial published in The New York Times, “There is not a single era in United States history in which the police were not a force of violence against black people.”1 That a statement like this would appear in the paper of record reflects a paradigm shift in popular understandings of the history of the criminal legal system.
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Sumikura, I. "A BRIEF HISTORY OF JAPANESE ENVIRONMENTAL ADMINISTRATION: A QUALIFIED SUCCESS STORY?" Journal of Environmental Law 10, n. 2 (1 gennaio 1998): 241–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jel/10.2.241.
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Hatzfeld, Nicolas, Gerard Gayot e Philippe Minard. "Les ouvriers qualifies de l'industrie (XVIe-XXe siecle)". Vingtième Siècle. Revue d'histoire, n. 75 (luglio 2002): 192. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3771877.
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Вікторія Сергіївна Панченко. "WORLD VOLINES COURT ON THE VALUE OF LEGAL AND REGULAR IN THE YEAR OF UKRAINIAN REVOLUTION OF THE BEGINNING OF THE XX CENTURY". Intermarum history policy culture, n. 5 (1 gennaio 2018): 112–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.35433/history.11188.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Introduction The transformational processes occurring in Ukraine today have necessitated the search for new forms of the judicial system organization. The system should be effective, simple and accessible to the public. Most of these requirements correspond to the Peace Court, which under different names has been successfully operating in England, Israel, Italy, Switzerland, the USA and Canada.T herefore, today it is important to study the practice of its formation and development.Goal: based on the analysis of the normative framework of the peace courts functioning in 1917-1919, their judicial practices and conditions of activity, to determine the degree of effectiveness of local justice and its role in establishing the rule of law and order in the Volyn province during the National Revolution.Results After the formation of the Ukrainian governments, the judicial reforms were launched, which changed the structure and competence of local courts. In 1917-1919, the Higher Regional Courts were closed, and their cases were transferred to peace courts. From 1919, the latter could consider the claims worth up to 10,000 rubles and criminal cases with losses of up to 60,000 rubles. Peace judge Petro Ilkevich, commenting on these changes, with pride and sadness said: "No state in the world has such a judicial individual power with such an extensive competency as our peace justice!" The judge's doubts and anxieties were due to big amounts work that judges had to perform then.The Ukrainization of the judicial process became a difficult issue during the judicial reform. The relevant law was adopted on March 1st, 1918, but it was not fully implemented. The shortage of funds, professionals and time prevented its implementation. However, given the enthusiasm of the Volyn judges, their documentation was conducted in Ukrainian already in 1918. The increased attention to the jurisdiction normalization and the improvement of the judicial system testified the Government's desire to ensure the priority of the laws and their strict observance by practical steps. At the same time, the complicated internal political situation, that forced the government to balance on the verge and find compromises, did not allow to fully control the implementation of laws on the ground. The implementation of legislative innovations, as practice shows, completely depended on the initiative and commitment of regional managers and officials, including judges, to the Ukrainian endeavor.The overthrow of autocracy and the proclamation of the national power in the face of the Central Rada, along with the wave of popular upheaval and revolutionary enthusiasm, caused the growth of crime, looting and local anarchy. In 1917-1919, one judge at Zhytomyr Peace Congress on average considered 404 criminal and 287 civil cases, with 60% of the proceedings being completed within two or three months, 39.5% lasting to six months and only 0.5% due to independent reasons lasting more than a year. At the same time, only 7% of the sentences were appealed in higher courts. These indicators convincingly prove the effectiveness of the legal process and the professionalism of the judges who made decisions regardless of the political conjuncture, taking into account only the laws and the sense of justice.Difficult financial situation made it complicated for peace judges to fulfill their duties. For example, V. Lebedinsky, the head of the peace congress, wrote: "Although the judge is a representative of the supreme power in the province, but is forced to lead a poverty-like life – ragged clothes, unable to provide a decent education to his children, be treated if necessary and hold servants, he lives half-starved." The housing issue also remained unresolved. The influx of refugees to the province, as well as the destruction of buildings through military operations, made it virtually impossible to rent a decent room for the court The buildings for courts were allocated on a residual principle, which meant their low quality and high cost. Due to small salaries, the court offices remained without scribes and secretaries. This made judges, tired of their direct duties, stay late in the evening to complete the documents themselves.Conclusion. In 1917-1919s, the Volyn peace courts continued to administer justice in the region and provide qualified legal assistance to the population. Ukrainian governments have taken measures to build the structure and increase the competence of local courts, but ignored the logistical support of judicial activities. At the same time, education, rich professional and life experience helped peace judges partially solve these difficulties.
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Okere, Gloria, e La Sheria Nance Bush. "Qualified immunity: unveiling police violence and misconduct in the United States". Forensic Research & Criminology International Journal 11, n. 3 (28 agosto 2023): 105–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.15406/frcij.2023.11.00376.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Police violence and misconduct have been evident throughout American history. The earliest forms of policing began in the 1700s in the Carolinas with “Slave Patrols”. It was established to terrorize and suppress enslaved Africans and to apprehend and return the runaway slaves to their owners.1 During the 1960s, direct causations of racial tension and riots was also a conjunction with President Lyndon Johnson’s “War on Crime” initiative. This section documents the history of police violence and misconduct between the periods of 1960 through the early 2000s. The overlapping theme of qualified immunity highlights a prominent role in issues arising from civil rights and accountability.
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Colomer, Josep M., e Iain McLean. "Electing Popes: Approval Balloting and Qualified-Majority Rule". Journal of Interdisciplinary History 29, n. 1 (luglio 1998): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/002219598551616.
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Anderton, Douglas L., e Susan Hautaniemi Leonard. "Grammars of Death". Social Science History 28, n. 1 (2004): 111–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0145553200012761.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Historical mortality analysis is often confounded by changing disease environments, diagnostic criteria, and terminology. Recorded causes of death are shaped by these local and historical contexts. We analyze changing literal causes of death during the shift from miasmatic to germ theories of disease using death records from two Massachusetts towns for selected years spanning 1850 to 1912. This analysis demonstrates that (1) International Classification of Diseases (ICD) classifications are more stable, yet potentially less informative, than the literal causes recorded in death accounts, (2) recorded causes of death often include additional qualifications and elaborations beyond basic literal causes of death, and the use of such qualifiers rose dramatically during the late nineteenth century, (3) social biases are clearly evident in the extent to which causes of death were further described or qualified, and (4) the additional descriptive qualification of deaths during this period of often ambiguous historical causes of death can potentially aid in efforts to classify causes of death and derive robust estimates of cause-specific mortality trends.
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Orvain, Corentin, Anne Bouvier, Audrey Bidet, Pierre-Yves Dumas, Sarah Bertoli, Odile Blanchet, Sylvain Thepot et al. "Association between Molecular Profile and Outcome after Intensive Chemotherapy in Patients > 60 Years with Adverse Cytogenetic Risk and/or Secondary Acute Myeloid Leukemia - a Filo Study". Blood 142, Supplement 1 (28 novembre 2023): 2851. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2023-184815.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Background: Recognizing the prognostic importance of genetic characteristics rather than clinical history, secondary acute myeloid leukemia (AML), i.e., arising from prior cytotoxic therapy and/or an antecedent hematologic disorder (AHD), is now considered a diagnostic qualifier rather than a separate disease entity (Döhner, Blood 2022). To assess the relationship between clinical history and/or adverse cytogenetics and outcome, we report herein the molecular profile of AML patients >60 years with secondary AML and/or adverse cytogenetics included in a multicentric prospective trial. Methods: Fit patients >60 years with secondary AML and/or adverse cytogenetics according to the European LeukemiaNet, included in the Rev-5-Aza trial (NCT01301820), received induction therapy with lomustine 200 mg/m 2 day 1, idarubicin 8 mg/m 2 days 1-5, and cytarabine 100 mg/m 2 days 1-7. Patients in complete remission (CR) after one induction cycle received consolidation therapy with 12 cycles of alternating azacitidine 75 mg/m 2 days 1-7 and lenalidomide 10 mg days 1-21 every 28 days (Hunault-Berger M, Blood Cancer J 2017). Mutational profile was determined by targeted sequencing of complete coding regions, including splice sites, of 77 genes recurrently mutated in myeloid malignancies using custom SureSelect QXT capture system (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) on NextSeq500 platform (Illumina, San Diego, CA, USA). As a validation cohort, we determined the molecular profile of 73 patients with adverse cytogenetic risk and/or secondary AML in first CR after the same induction therapy but who received standard chemotherapy consolidation with 6 cycles of idarubicin 8 mg/m 2 day 1 and cytarabine 50 mg/m 2/12 hours days 1-5. Results: Between March 2011 and February 2013, 117 fit patients >60 years included in the Rev-5-Aza trial received induction therapy with 56% reaching first CR and four patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation. The molecular profile could be established in 97 of these patients (83%; median age 70 years, interquartile range (IQR): 65-73; therapy-related AML, 32%; AHD, 46%; adverse cytogenetic risk, 70%). Secondary-type mutations were the most frequently observed (49%; ASXL1, 12%; BCOR, 16%; EZH2, 2%; RUNX1, 18%; SF3B1, 8%; SRSF2, 14%; STAG2, 10%; U2AF1, 8%; and ZRSR2, 0%) followed by TP53 mutations (44% of patients). Patients with TP53 mutations were more likely to have adverse risk cytogenetics (95%) in comparison to patients with secondary-type mutations (64%). No clinical or biological characteristic was associated with the achievement of CR (secondary-type mutations, 51%, TP53 mutation, 49%). Clinical history was not associated with overall survival (OS) as patients with therapy-related AML had the same outcome as other patients (hazard ratio [HR]=1.04, P=0.9) and patients with AHD had a more favorable outcome (HR=0.57, P=0.02). On the other hand, adverse cytogenetics was associated with decreased OS (HR=3.32, P<0.001). Whereas TP53 mutations were associated with decreased OS (HR=3.71, P<0.001), secondary-type mutations were not (HR=0.64, P=0.049; Figure A). After multivariable analysis, both complex karyotype (CK; HR=0.006, P=0.006) and TP53 mutations (HR=2.12, P=0.03) were independently associated with OS. Considering both CK and TP53 mutations identified three groups of patients with differential OS (median 1.57 vs. 0.91 vs. 0.45 years, P<0.001; Figure B). Similar results were observed in the validation cohort. Patients in first CR from both cohorts were then compared to identify molecular subgroups for which a lenalidomide/azacitidine consolidation was associated with improved OS in comparison to standard chemotherapy. No molecular subgroup had increased OS with lenalimomide/azaciditine consolidation while standard chemotherapy was associated with improved outcomes in patients with adverse risk cytogenetics. Conclusion: Together, these data suggest that the clinical history contains limited prognostic value compared to genetics, supporting the most recent approach to use cytogenetic and molecular data to assess disease risk. In this patient population, complex karyotype and TP53 mutations, rather than secondary-type mutations, were associated with outcome. Figure. (A) Overall survival according to secondary-type and TP53 mutations status. (B) Overall survival according to complex karyotype (CK) and T P53 mutation status.
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Schnepper, Rachel N. "Qualified Toleration: Bermuda and the English Revolution". Parliamentary History 35, n. 2 (giugno 2016): 132–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1750-0206.12216.
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Tondl, Ladislav. "On Qualified Use and Application of Knowledge". Teorie vědy / Theory of Science 31, n. 2 (11 novembre 2009): 107–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.46938/tv.2009.40.
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Kotlyarov, Ivan D. "Formation of Inner University Use Digital Archive for Highly Qualified Specialists Training". Bibliotekovedenie [Russian Journal of Library Science], n. 6 (2 dicembre 2009): 117–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.25281/0869-608x-2009-0-6-117-119.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
For the purpose of improving the training of highly qualified specialists the author suggests to create the inner university digital archives of translations of texts on a speciality (from within the exam candidate minimum foreign language) and reports on the history and philosophy of science.
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DUBINSKYY, Volodymyr, e Anastasia DUBINSKA. "THE IMPLEMENTATION OF AUTHENTIC MATERIALS IN ESP CLASSES FOR STUDENTS MAJORING IN HISTORY". Scientific Bulletin of Flight Academy. Section: Pedagogical Sciences 13 (2023): 192–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.33251/2522-1477-2023-13-192-203.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The given article is devoted to the question of the application of authentic materials in ESP classes for students majoring in History. This paper represents the results of the effective use of authentic materials through their integration of lexical, grammatical, conversational, and business writing perspectives of ESP studying. The results of our investigations suggest that the levels of student knowledge in ESP, the effective use of all skills, and motivation for further studying ESP can be achieved by the students in an authentic context. The main approaches, guiding principles, and Bloom’s taxonomy for designing and applying tasks for conducting ESP classes are viewed as core things to use for effective ESP classes with future perspectives of the creation of highly qualified specialists in History. Also, we focus on ways of using the given materials as the mean of realization of the blended learning model and the development of soft and hard skills in students. Key words: ESP, authentic materials, competencies, motivation, effective language use, the field of study, learners, history, future career.
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Maltese, Giovanni, e Julian Strube. "Global Religious History". Method & Theory in the Study of Religion 33, n. 3-4 (23 settembre 2021): 229–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700682-12341517.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Abstract Understandings of religion have been fundamentally transformed since the nineteenth century. The respective contradictions, ambiguities, continuities, and ruptures can be most comprehensively grasped when viewed against the background of global entanglements. For this purpose, the approach of global religious history proposes a range of theoretical and methodological tools. Its theoretical repertoire is largely informed by a critical engagement with poststructuralist epistemology and postcolonial perspectives embedded in a consistent genealogical approach. At the outset, it aims at bridging divisions, including those between postcolonial and global history, between disciplines such as religious studies and history, as well as between different area studies. This implies a theoretically robust reflexion of the question of what global entanglements mean in global religious history, along with the question of how to distinguish global religious history from approaches usually qualified by the prefix trans as, for example, in “transregional.” In this introduction, we offer an in-depth discussion of the theoretical foundations and methodological implications of global religious history.
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Heyes, Cecilia. "Simple minds: a qualified defence of associative learning". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 367, n. 1603 (5 ottobre 2012): 2695–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2012.0217.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
Using cooperation in chimpanzees as a case study, this article argues that research on animal minds needs to steer a course between ‘association-blindness’—the failure to consider associative learning as a candidate explanation for complex behaviour—and ‘simple-mindedness’—the assumption that associative explanations trump more cognitive hypotheses. Association-blindness is challenged by the evidence that associative learning occurs in a wide range of taxa and functional contexts, and is a major force guiding the development of complex human behaviour. Furthermore, contrary to a common view, association-blindness is not entailed by the rejection of behaviourism. Simple-mindedness is founded on Morgan's canon, a methodological principle recommending ‘lower’ over ‘higher’ explanations for animal behaviour. Studies in the history and philosophy of science show that Morgan failed to offer an adequate justification for his canon, and subsequent attempts to justify the canon using evolutionary arguments and appeals to simplicity have not been successful. The weaknesses of association-blindness and simple-mindedness imply that there are no short-cuts to finding out about animal minds. To decide between associative and yet more cognitive explanations for animal behaviour, we have to spell them out in sufficient detail to allow differential predictions, and to test these predictions through observation and experiment.
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KAMYNIN, V. D. "FORMATION OF HIGHLY QUALIFIED PERSONNEL OF HISTORY TEACHERS IN URAL UNIVERSITIES IN THE 1917-1941'S". History and Modern Perspectives 6, n. 1 (28 marzo 2024): 133–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.33693/2658-4654-2024-6-1-133-140.
Testo completoAbstract (sommario):
The article considers the question of how highly qualified personnel of history teachers with academic degrees and titles in universities of the Urals were formed in the first third of the twentieth century. It is concluded that in the pre-revolutionary period, history was taught to students by masters of history evacuated from Petrograd at the only university in the region in Perm. During the Soviet period, there were three stages of higher education reform1918 -the beginning of the 1920s, the 1920s-1930s, the end of the 1930s-before the outbreak of the Great Patriotic War, each of which had its own criteria for the formation of highly qualified personnel. There was complete confusion in the issue of certification of scientific personnel. It was only by the end of the period under study that the country developed the usual system of awarding academic degrees and titles. Until the beginning of the Great Patriotic War, the region did not have its own certification system for scientific personnel. History teachers who worked at universities in the Urals defended their dissertations at universities and scientific institutions in Moscow and Leningrad.