Tesi sul tema "History.650"

Chapter 1 sets out the nature of the four main sources from Peterborough on which this thesis is based. Two early-twelfth- and mid-thirteenth-century cartularies contain faithful copies of forged and genuine texts, dealing with events from the seventh century onwards. Two early- and mid-twelfth-century chronicles used some imported sources, but contain much accurate local information. Chapter 2 examines the early history of Medeshamstede, as Peterborough was known until the late-tenth century. Medeshamstede was a vital component in Mercian religion from foundation to the late-ninth century. Chapter 3 considers the nature of the primary sources for the tenth-century restoration of Medeshamstede as Peterborough. Chapter 4 considers Peterborough's foundation, during the tenth-century monastic reformation, and nature as a monastic institution: an important component in royal strategy towards uniting the kingdom, it was a distinguished house from the outset, and housed an important monastic school. Chapter 5 considers Peterborough's history from foundation to the Norman Conquest, largely in terms of themes established in Chapter 4: relations with leading churchmen and noblemen indicate distinguished status and a role in unifying the kingdom up to 1066.

L’histoire de la Bourse de Beyrouth ne se différencie pas de celle des autres nations. Créée en 1920, cette institution sedistingue cependant des autres bourses mondiales par un phénomène singulier. Elle a attendu 34 ans pour être dotée d’uneréglementation spéciale.La fonction la plus traditionnelle de la bourse est de collecter l’épargne en vue de contribuer au financement de l’économie, touten exerçant un rôle primordial de liquidité des capitaux investis à long terme.Donc, mon étude de recherche doit se baser sur l’histoire financière de la Bourse de Beyrouth dès sa naissance en 1920 et lesétapes qui les a surmonté jusqu’à présent.Elle devra se faire suivant quatre axes principaux :§ Une série d’études et de recherche (qualitative et quantitative) concernant les sociétés cotées depuis 1920 avecdes tableaux et des statistiques basées sur les informations boursières (cours et actions) et leur évolutiontemporelle ainsi que leur contribution au développement de l’économie.§ La création de deux indices généraux d’actions : mensuel et annuel§ Etude de la microstructure du marché boursier libanais et de sa nature à travers les différentes sous périodesanalysées§ Une étude financière basée sur des tests économétriques dans le but de vérifier l’efficience, ou non, du marchébeyrouthin des actions.La problématique dans cette étude de recherche est d’utiliser les outils théoriques et techniques de la finance moderne pourcomprendre les phénomènes relevant de l’histoire financière.L’objectif sera de fournir un éclairage sur quelques exemples caractéristiques dans l’histoire de la Bourse de Beyrouth résultantde la tentative d'application concernant sa contribution dans l’économie libanaise.Le rôle de la Bourse de Beyrouth dans le financement de l'économie locale demeure pour le moment négligeable. Depuis sanaissance en 1920, jamais la Bourse de Beyrouth n'est parvenue à jouer le rôle que l'on pouvait en attendre dans l'Economielibanaise.Est-ce encore le signe d'un manque de confiance dans le pays, d'une inadéquation entre les fortes structures familiales dans laplupart des entreprises et l'ouverture du capital qu'elle induit? Toujours est-il que les efforts structurels entrepris dès sa fondationpour relancer cette institution ne sont pas encore récompensés ?
The history of the Beirut Stock Exchange does not differ from that of other nations'. Founded in 1920, this institutiondistinguishes itself from other international stock exchanges through a unique phenomenon. It awaited 34 years to be endowedwith special regulations.The most traditional function of the stock market is to collect savings to contribute towards financing growth. It holds anessential role of liquidity on long-term investments.My research study must build itself on the history of the Beirut Stock Exchange, going back to its birth in 1920 and followingthe steps it has overcome through its evolution so far.It shall be developed through four principal axes:§ A series of studies and research (qualitative and quantitative) pertaining to companies listed since 1920, with chartsand statistics based on stock information (courses and activities) as well as their temporal evolution and theircontribution to the development of the Economy.§ The creation of two general stock indexes: the monthly index and the annual index.§ The study of the microstructure of the Lebanese Stock Market and its nature through the various analyzed periods.§ A thorough analysis of the problems confronting the development of the Stock Exchange at the administrative,structural and conceptual levels.The problematic of this research study are the use of theoretical and technical tools of modern finance to understand thephenomena linked to financial history.The objective is to provide insight into some typical examples in the history of the Beirut Stock Exchange resulting from theattempt of application relative to its contribution in the Lebanese economy.The role of the Beirut Stock Exchange in financing the local economy remains negligible. Since its birth in 1920, the BeirutStock Exchange has never succeeded in holding the role it may have been expected to play in the Lebanese Economy.Is this another reflection of a lack of confidence in the country or an unsuitability between the strong family structures in mostbusinesses and the resulting opening of the capital? Nonetheless, the structural efforts undertaken since the founding of thisinstitution have yet to be rewarded

L’histoire de la Bourse de Beyrouth ne se différencie pas de celle des autres nations. Créée en 1920, cette institution sedistingue cependant des autres bourses mondiales par un phénomène singulier. Elle a attendu 34 ans pour être dotée d’uneréglementation spéciale.La fonction la plus traditionnelle de la bourse est de collecter l’épargne en vue de contribuer au financement de l’économie, touten exerçant un rôle primordial de liquidité des capitaux investis à long terme.Donc, mon étude de recherche doit se baser sur l’histoire financière de la Bourse de Beyrouth dès sa naissance en 1920 et lesétapes qui les a surmonté jusqu’à présent.Elle devra se faire suivant quatre axes principaux :§ Une série d’études et de recherche (qualitative et quantitative) concernant les sociétés cotées depuis 1920 avecdes tableaux et des statistiques basées sur les informations boursières (cours et actions) et leur évolutiontemporelle ainsi que leur contribution au développement de l’économie.§ La création de deux indices généraux d’actions : mensuel et annuel§ Etude de la microstructure du marché boursier libanais et de sa nature à travers les différentes sous périodesanalysées§ Une étude financière basée sur des tests économétriques dans le but de vérifier l’efficience, ou non, du marchébeyrouthin des actions.La problématique dans cette étude de recherche est d’utiliser les outils théoriques et techniques de la finance moderne pourcomprendre les phénomènes relevant de l’histoire financière.L’objectif sera de fournir un éclairage sur quelques exemples caractéristiques dans l’histoire de la Bourse de Beyrouth résultantde la tentative d'application concernant sa contribution dans l’économie libanaise.Le rôle de la Bourse de Beyrouth dans le financement de l'économie locale demeure pour le moment négligeable. Depuis sanaissance en 1920, jamais la Bourse de Beyrouth n'est parvenue à jouer le rôle que l'on pouvait en attendre dans l'Economielibanaise.Est-ce encore le signe d'un manque de confiance dans le pays, d'une inadéquation entre les fortes structures familiales dans laplupart des entreprises et l'ouverture du capital qu'elle induit? Toujours est-il que les efforts structurels entrepris dès sa fondationpour relancer cette institution ne sont pas encore récompensés ?
The history of the Beirut Stock Exchange does not differ from that of other nations'. Founded in 1920, this institutiondistinguishes itself from other international stock exchanges through a unique phenomenon. It awaited 34 years to be endowedwith special regulations.The most traditional function of the stock market is to collect savings to contribute towards financing growth. It holds anessential role of liquidity on long-term investments.My research study must build itself on the history of the Beirut Stock Exchange, going back to its birth in 1920 and followingthe steps it has overcome through its evolution so far.It shall be developed through four principal axes:§ A series of studies and research (qualitative and quantitative) pertaining to companies listed since 1920, with chartsand statistics based on stock information (courses and activities) as well as their temporal evolution and theircontribution to the development of the Economy.§ The creation of two general stock indexes: the monthly index and the annual index.§ The study of the microstructure of the Lebanese Stock Market and its nature through the various analyzed periods.§ A thorough analysis of the problems confronting the development of the Stock Exchange at the administrative,structural and conceptual levels.The problematic of this research study are the use of theoretical and technical tools of modern finance to understand thephenomena linked to financial history.The objective is to provide insight into some typical examples in the history of the Beirut Stock Exchange resulting from theattempt of application relative to its contribution in the Lebanese economy.The role of the Beirut Stock Exchange in financing the local economy remains negligible. Since its birth in 1920, the BeirutStock Exchange has never succeeded in holding the role it may have been expected to play in the Lebanese Economy.Is this another reflection of a lack of confidence in the country or an unsuitability between the strong family structures in mostbusinesses and the resulting opening of the capital? Nonetheless, the structural efforts undertaken since the founding of thisinstitution have yet to be rewarded

Die vorliegende kumulative Dissertationsschrift befasst sich mit den konzeptionellen Grundlagen und der historischen Entstehung verschiedener Aspekte der Rechnungslegung. Der erste Artikel setzt sich mit den konzeptionellen Grundlagen des amerikanischen Standardsetzers FASB auseinander und zeigt, dass die Entstehung des amerikanischen Rahmenkonzepts in den 1970er und 1980er Jahren stark von Umweltfaktoren abhing. Im zweiten Beitrag wird dargelegt, dass das vom internationalen und amerikanischen Standardsetzer im Jahr 2010 überarbeitete Rahmenkonzept, mithin die qualitativen Anforderungen an nützliche Finanzinformationen, im konditional-normativen Sinne keine ausreichende Basis für die Entwicklung von Rechnungslegungsnormen ist. Der dritte Artikel fokussiert auf die regulatorische Entwicklung der Bewertung von Vermögenswerten in Deutschland und stellt regulatorische Änderungen sozioökonomischen und politischen Umweltfaktoren gegenüber. Der abschließende vierte Beitrag enthält eine historisch-kritische Analyse des der Rechnungslegung zugrunde liegenden Rechenschaftskonzepts, welches zur Zeit des Nationalsozialismus an einer deutschen Hochschule untersucht wird. Dabei werden insbesondere die Grenzen von Rechnungsanforderungen analysiert und dargelegt
This cumulative dissertation covers the conceptual foundations and historical evolution of various aspects in accounting. The first article discusses the conceptual framework of the U.S. standard setter FASB and shows that the evolution of the U.S. GAAP conceptual framework in the 1970s and 1980s was considerably influenced by economic factors. The second manuscript employs a conditional-normative approach to analyze the 2010 joint conceptual framework of the international and the U.S. standard setter, in particular the qualitative characteristics of useful financial information. The paper shows that the qualitative characteristics are not a sufficient basis for developing accounting standards. The third article focuses on the regulatory history of asset valuation in Germany and explains regulatory changes by socio-economic and political events. The fourth and final article contains a historical-critical analysis of the concept of accountability, which forms the basis of accounting. The article analyzes accountability at a German university during the Nazi regime and illustrates the limits of the concept

This thesis explores how the Russian migration regime is reflected in migrants' experiences and identities. The conceptual framework developed in the thesis is informed by the theory of structuration. On the basis of this theory and the analysis of primary empirical data, the thesis seeks to refine the understanding of the concepts of 'migration regime', 'social exclusion' and 'territorialisation' of identity. The empirical research conducted for the thesis focuses on the period 2002-2009 and on the experiences and identities of a particular group of migrants, namely, former Soviet citizens from former republics of the USSR, who are currently living in post-Soviet Russia without Russian citizenship. The thesis explores and analyses, on the one hand, the structures which constitute the Russian migration regime and, on the other, the stories told by interviewed migrants about their lives in Russia. The thesis argues that the current migration regime of the Russian Federation represents 'a differentiated system of othering' and shows that this system is informed by two processes - nation-building and racialisation. It also argues that differentiations institutionalised in the Russian migration regime affect the social exclusion of migrants and through this the 'territorialisation' of their identities.

This study will focus on norms and value systems as portrayed by two female Xhosa writers. The aim of this study is to show how normative value systems are represented by two female Xhosa female writers. It also aims to show the effects of these systems on women. The method of research will be based on survey of Xhosa literature focusing on the following two books, Inzol ‘enkundleni, by V. Magadla and UMandisa by V.N.M. Swaartbooi.

The organized and controlled form of collecting consumption taxes and toll from the import and export trade goes back to the 17th century in Sweden. The customs administration and procedure were regulated by royal announcements, and the majority of the documents found in the customs archives represent thus records stipulated by such notifications. The customs archives can be used for research on several levels; the announcements reflect currents within both the domestic and foreign politics, while the account lists for financial statistics portray the extent of the trade. The various lists of compilation can be further used to follow for instance the development of different units of measurement, the expansion of tax rates, the value of trade goods or the changes in monetary units or systems. The diaries, architectural plans of the customs offices and maps of the toll areas place the customs officials and their work within the local scenery. The thesis focuses on archives deriving from customs located at harbors and on the Swedish-Norwegian border in the county of Dalarna. Examples of documents originating from the collection of agricultural tariffs have been included, as well as cases from a tariff court (accisrätt). These selected archives cover both the different kinds and levels of customs administration found in Sweden from the 17 the century and onward. This is a one year master’s thesis in Archival Science.

La thèse a pour but de décrire, dans une perspective sociohistorique, la construction du modèle institutionnel de la grande association-gestionnaire du secteur du handicap. La problématique de la thèse consiste à rendre compte de la genèse et de la stabilisation de la gouvernance de ces associations.Les associations-gestionnaires sont présentées comme des formes d’action collective qui hésitent entre l’idéaltype de l’association et celui de l’entreprise. Deux corpus théoriques concurrents et antagonistes se disputent la légitimité de rendre compte des problèmes de gouvernance. Les théories de l’économie sociale et solidaire considèrent l’association comme un système de gouvernance spécifique opposé à celui de l’entreprise. Pour cette théorie, la gouvernance associative a pour fonction de protéger les associations des logiques économiques et managériales susceptibles de détruire la spécificité des associations. Le second corpus des théories de la gouvernance s’intéresse en priorité à l’entreprise et considère que seules les organisations aux systèmes de gouvernance les plus efficients perdurent. Au regard de ces deux corpus, la thèse a pour objectif de rendre compte de l’émergence de la gouvernance managériale des grandes associations-gestionnaires du secteur du handicap.Du point de vue de la méthode, la thèse s’appuie sur l’étude approfondie de deux études de cas longitudinales. Les cas sélectionnés sont deux grandes associations-gestionnaires - l’ADAPEI du Rhône et l’OVE – l’une et l’autre de grande taille (budgets annuels de l’ordre de 100 ME et regroupant chacune environ 1 500 professionnels). La méthode d’analyse utilisée est celle des « monographies historiques », comportant plusieurs phases : (1) analyse des archives (environ 1 000 pages de notes sur archives), (2) entretiens semi-directifs avec les acteurs internes (43 entretiens semi-directifs, (3) entretiens complémentaires avec les partenaires (55 entretiens semi-directifs avec les pouvoirs publics, d’autres associations, etc.).Ce travail de thèse remet en question la pertinence des thèses de l’économie sociale et solidaire sur la gouvernance associative. Quelles que soient les valeurs originelles défendues par les associations étudiées, ces dernières réalisent leurs projets associatifs en militant pour la création et la gestion d’établissements de prise en charge des personnes handicapées et participent activement à la construction d’un secteur économique à part entière.Les processus de structuration et de professionnalisation du management sont engagés en interne par les instances militantes des associations, lesquels introduisent les premiers outils de gestion. Les directions générales formalisent progressivement la gouvernance des associations et participent à renforcer et à réaffirmer les projets associatifs. L’instauration de principes de gouvernance permet de lutter contre l’appropriation du pouvoir par un petit groupe de bénévoles et de mettre en œuvre une gouvernance cognitive favorisant les débats entre dirigeants autour des grandes orientations stratégiques.L’étude historique de la gouvernance des associations-gestionnaires rompt avec l’opposition défendue par l’économie sociale et solidaire entre un premier « âge d’or » reposant sur une solidarité « héroïque » de quelques militants, et le temps de l’efficience où les associations sont considérées comme de simples organisations économiques sans âme et sans morale
The purpose of this thesis is to describe, from a sociohistorical perspective, the development of the institutional model of the large managing association in the disability sector. The thesis statement is to report on the origin and stabilisation of the governance in these entities.Managing associations are often depicted as sorts of collective actions hesitating between the ideal model of the association and the ideal model of the enterprise. Two competing and antagonistic theoretical corpora are fighting over the legitimacy of governance issues analysis. The theories of social and solidarity economy regard the association as a specific governance system in contradiction with the corporate one. According to these theories, associative governance aims to protect associations from economic and managerial approaches likely to destroy their specific character. The second corpus of governance theories, primarily focused on the enterprise, considers that the organisations with the most efficient governance systems are the only lasting ones. In the light of these two corpora, the thesis aims to report on the emergence of managerial governance in large managing associations in the disability sector.As regards the method, the thesis is based on a comprehensive analysis of two longitudinal case studies. Two managing associations – the ADAPEI du Rhône and the OVE – both of large size (annual budgets in the range of EUR 100m and gathering each about 150 professionals) – were chosen for the case studies. The analytical method, based on “historical monographs”, included several phases: (1) archive analysis (about 1,000 pages of notes on these archives); (2) semi-structured interviews conducted with internal stakeholders (43 semi-structured interviews); and (3) additional interviews conducted with partners (55 semi-structured interviews with public authorities, other associations, etc.).This thesis calls into question the relevance of the theories of social and solidarity economy when it comes to associative governance. Regardless of the original values promoted by the studied organisations, these achieve their associative projects by advocating for the establishment and management of care facilities for people with disabilities, and they actively participate in the development of a full-fledged economic sector.Management structuring and professionalization processes, deployed internally by the entities’ activist authorities, introduce the first management tools. Managing directors, who gradually formalise the governance of the associations, contribute to the strengthening and reaffirmation of associative projects. The implementation of governance principles offers better protection against the appropriation of power by a small group of volunteers, and it also allows the application of a cognitive governance, which facilitates discussions on major strategic focuses between managers.The historical study of the governance of managing associations breaks with the theories of social and solidarity economy, which support an opposition between a first “golden age”, based on a “heroic” solidarity from a few activists, and the age of efficiency, where associations are considered as simple economical organisations void of heart and morals

陳頌文.
"2002年8月".
論文 (哲學碩士)--香港中文大學, 2002.
參考文獻 (leaves 127-133)
附中英文摘要.
"2002 nian 8 yue".
Chen Songwen.
Lun wen (zhe xue shuo shi)--Xianggang Zhong wen da xue, 2002.
Can kao wen xian (leaves 127-133)
Fu Zhong Ying wen zhai yao.
Chapter 第一章 --- 文學史和文學批評史上的初唐四傑 --- p.1
Chapter 第一節 --- 問題的提出 --- p.1
Chapter 第二節 --- 「四傑」名稱的由來 --- p.2
Chapter 第三節 --- 文學史上的「四傑」 --- p.7
Chapter 第四節 --- 文學批評史上的「四傑」 --- p.8
Chapter 第二章 --- 貞觀至武周文學背景和文學思想發展 --- p.11
Chapter 第一節 --- 緒論 --- p.11
Chapter 第二節 --- 貞觀年間朝廷的文學宣言 --- p.12
Chapter (1) --- 貞觀年間君臣論文的性質 --- p.12
Chapter (2) --- 貞觀年間朝廷的文學思想´ؤ´ؤ以史家文論爲主 --- p.15
Chapter (2.1) --- 史家對六朝文學的評價與總結 --- p.15
Chapter (2.2) --- 史家論文的空間 --- p.17
Chapter (2.3) --- 史家文論的意義 --- p.19
Chapter 第三節 --- 貞觀至武周的文學硏究槪況 --- p.21
Chapter (1) --- 類書和總集 --- p.21
Chapter (2) --- 《文選》硏究 --- p.24
Chapter (3) --- 詩學硏究 --- p.25
Chapter (3.1) --- 上官儀 --- p.25
Chapter (3.2) --- 元兢 --- p.27
Chapter (3.3) --- 崔融 --- p.28
Chapter 第四節 --- 貞觀至武周文人干求與入仕情況 --- p.29
Chapter (1) --- 以文章進身的問題 --- p.30
Chapter (2) --- 以文章進用的大臣仕途之升降 --- p.32
Chapter (3) --- 王府的文學風氣 --- p.34
Chapter 第三章 --- 王勃文學思想析論 --- p.35
Chapter 第一節 --- 緒論´ؤ´ؤ王勃生平及著作槪述 --- p.35
Chapter 第二節 --- 可供考察文學思想的篇章背景分析 --- p.36
Chapter (1) --- 〈平臺秘略論 〉、〈平臺秘略贊〉：王府修撰的意見 --- p.36
Chapter (2) --- 〈上吏部裴侍郎啓〉：參選士子的意見 --- p.37
Chapter (3) --- 詩賦序文之言論：翰墨之客的意見 --- p.39
Chapter 第三節 --- 文論文本分析 --- p.40
Chapter (1) --- 文學的性質與功用 --- p.40
Chapter (1.1) --- 「甄明大義，矯正末流」、「緣情體物」與「詩以見志」 --- p.40
Chapter (1.2) --- 文學與王府 --- p.43
Chapter (1.3) --- 文學與自然 --- p.44
Chapter (2) --- 對文學作品的要求及規範 --- p.45
Chapter (2.1) --- 「氣陵雲漢，字挾風霜」辨 --- p.45
Chapter (2.2) --- 「甄明大義，矯正末流」辨 --- p.48
Chapter (3) --- 對歷代文學的評價 --- p.53
Chapter (4) --- 寫作態度 --- p.56
Chapter (5) --- 小結 --- p.59
Chapter 第四節 --- 王通與王勃 --- p.60
Chapter 第四章 --- 楊炯文學思想析論 --- p.64
Chapter 第一節 --- 緒論´ؤ´ؤ楊炯生平及著作槪述 --- p.64
Chapter 第二節 --- 〈王勃集序〉析論 --- p.64
Chapter (1) --- 〈王勃集序〉的寫作時間 --- p.65
Chapter (2) --- 〈王勃集序〉的內容分析 --- p.68
Chapter (2.1) --- 〈王勃集序〉與王勃文學變革 --- p.69
Chapter (2.1.1) --- 從「龍朔變體」看王勃文學變革的對象 --- p.69
Chapter (2.1.2) --- 從王勃之志看王勃文學變革的可能性 --- p.72
Chapter (2.1.3) --- 〈王勃集序〉對王勃硏究的參考價値 --- p.75
Chapter (2.1.4) --- 小結 --- p.76
Chapter 第三節 --- 楊炯的文學思想 --- p.76
Chapter (1) --- 文學的性質及作用 --- p.76
Chapter (1.1) --- 文學與禮樂 --- p.76
Chapter (1.2) --- 文學與抒情酬唱 --- p.77
Chapter (2) --- 對文學的要求與規範 --- p.77
Chapter (3) --- 對歷代文學的批評 --- p.79
Chapter (3.1) --- 唐以前的文學 --- p.79
Chapter (3.2) --- 隋唐以來的文學 --- p.80
Chapter (4) --- 小結 --- p.82
Chapter 第五章 --- 盧照鄰文學思想析論 --- p.83
Chapter 第一節 --- 緒論´ؤ´ؤ盧照鄰生平及著作槪述 --- p.83
Chapter 第二節 --- 可供考察文學思想的篇章背景分析 --- p.84
Chapter (1) --- 〈駙馬都尉喬君集序〉 --- p.84
Chapter (2) --- 〈南陽公集序〉 --- p.84
Chapter (3) --- 〈樂府詩集序〉 --- p.86
Chapter 第三節 --- 文本分析 --- p.88
Chapter (1) --- 文學的性質與功用 --- p.88
Chapter (1.1) --- 文學與政治 --- p.88
Chapter (1.2) --- 「安可默而無述」 --- p.89
Chapter (2) --- 對文學作品的要求和規範 --- p.90
Chapter (2.1) --- 「立體不拘於一塗」 --- p.90
Chapter (2.2) --- 「聽歌曲而知亡」 --- p.93
Chapter (2.3) --- 「妙諧鐘律」 --- p.94
Chapter (3) --- 對歷代文學的評價 --- p.96
Chapter (3.1) --- 對唐以前文學的評價和態度 --- p.96
Chapter (3.1.1) --- 〈雅〉、〈頌〉 --- p.96
Chapter (3.1.2) --- 屈宋 --- p.97
Chapter (3.1.3) --- 兩漢 --- p.99
Chapter (3.1.4) --- 魏晉 --- p.99
Chapter (3.1.5) --- 南朝 --- p.100
Chapter (3.2) --- 對貞觀文臣的批評 --- p.101
Chapter (3.3) --- 對古今文士評論文學的意見 --- p.102
Chapter (4) --- 創作態度 --- p.102
Chapter (5) --- 小結 --- p.104
Chapter 第六章 --- 駱賓王文學思想析論 --- p.105
Chapter 第一節 --- 緒論´ؤ´ؤ駱賓王生平及著作槪述 --- p.105
Chapter 第二節 --- 可供考察文學思想的篇章背景分析 --- p.106
Chapter (1) --- 上長官書信 --- p.106
Chapter (1.1) --- 〈和道王閨情詩啓〉 --- p.106
Chapter (1.2) --- 〈上吏部裴侍郎書〉、〈上吏部侍郎帝京篇序〉 --- p.106
Chapter (1.3) --- 〈與程將軍書〉 --- p.107
Chapter (2) --- 飲宴酬唱之作 --- p.108
Chapter (3) --- 個人抒懷之作 --- p.108
Chapter 第三節 --- 文論內容分析 --- p.109
Chapter (1) --- 文學的性質及功用 --- p.109
Chapter (1.1) --- 事、物、情與文 --- p.109
Chapter (1.2) --- 文學與求仕 --- p.111
Chapter (2) --- 對文學的要求及規範：雅與俗的取捨問題 --- p.113
Chapter (3) --- 對歷代文學的評價 --- p.115
Chapter (3.1) --- 兩漢以前 --- p.115
Chapter (3.2) --- 兩漢 --- p.117
Chapter (3.3) --- 魏晉 --- p.117
Chapter (3.4) --- 南朝 --- p.118
Chapter (4) --- 小結 --- p.118
Chapter 第七章 --- 總結 --- p.120
參考書目 --- p.127
附錄一 --- p.132

PhD (African Studies)
Lomsebenti ucwaninga ngekusetjentiswa kwetinongo tenkhulumo etinkondlweni teSiswati. Lolucwaningo lubuka kutsi tinongo tenkhulumo tibaluleke ngani nekutsi kufanele kutsi ekukhulumeni kwetfu kwemihla nemihla sifake tinongo tenkhulumo. Tinongo tenkhulumo betikhona mandvulo imfundvo isengakafiki ebantfwini. Imfundvo ifika itfola kutsi emaSwati angemagagu ekukhulumeni futsi anelulwimi lolunotsile ngenca yetinongo tenkhulumo. SEHLUKO SEKUCALA: Setfula lucwaningo kutsi lumayelana nani nekutsi yini umcwaningi lafuna kuyilungisa leseyonakele. Kuniketwe tinhloso telucwaningo. Kubuye kwaniketwa umkhawulo welucwaningo nekubaluleka kwelucwaningo, kubuye kwavetwa umgudvu welucwaningo lokuluhlelolwati lwenhlelembiso neluhlelolwati lwemsebenti. Kubuye kwavetwa kuchazwa kwemagama, kubaluleka kwetinkondlo, tinongo tenkhulumo nebudlelwano bato naleminye imibhalo, umlandvo lomfisha ngetinkondlo kanye nesiphetfo. SEHLUKO SESIBILI: Sibuke kuhlolisisa imibhalo, kwabukwa libhayibheli, tincwadzi telucwaningo, nemajenali. Kubukwe netinhlobo tetinkondlo letisetjentiswa eSiswatini. SEHLUKO SESITSATFU: Sibuke tinhlobo tetinongo tenkhulumo tehlukaniswa ngalendlela: Tinongo tenkhulumo letifanisako nguleti letilandzelako: sifaniso, sifanisongco, simuntfutiso, silwanatiso kanye nakhulumango/umbiti. Tinongo tenkhulumo letihhlukanisako nguleti letilandzelako: silutfo, sicatsaniso, siphukuto kanye neluteku Tinongo tenkhulumo letigcamisa budlelwano nguleti letilandzelako: Sihabiso, simeli/simeleli, siphindzaciniso/imphindzaciniso, silandzakhashane/malandzakhashane nesihloniphiso. iv    SEHLUKO SESINE: Sibuke tinongo tenkhulumo ngaloluhlobo: Siphindzamagama, siphindzamisho, secamagama, sifanagwaca,sifanankhamisa nesentakutsi. SEHLUKO SESIHLANU: Sisongela ndzawonye lonkhe lucwaningo, sibuye siphawule ngaloko lokutfolakele elucwaningweni, tincomo sigcine ngesiphetfo.

This dissertation examines how clerics in the Lombard and Carolingian Kingdom of Italy prosecuted disputes with each other. It argues for and explores two core features of the clerical legal culture of the kingdom. The first regards the judicial institutions that clerics exploited. While the late eleventh and twelfth centuries would see the elaboration of a coherent system of ecclesiastical justice centered on the papal court, distinct from secular judicial institutions, the situation in the early Middle Ages was radically different. Early medieval Italian clerics made recourse to a wide variety of judicial forums, including both "secular" ones such as the public courts and properly "ecclesiastical" ones such as church synods. The dissertation explores these judicial pathways--some of them well-trodden and enduring ones, others more ad hoc--and the ways clerics navigated between them. Second, this study demonstrates that many early medieval Italian clerics displayed considerable skill and sophistication in crafting and delivering legal arguments against each other. Those arguments frequently hinged on substantive appeal to canon law. This finding presents a challenge to a prevailing view in legal-historical scholarship which downplays or ignores practical legal expertise in the early Middle Ages and often dismisses the period itself as an "age without jurists." This dissertation instead argues for an early medieval clerical legal culture that scholars must take seriously as a prehistory to the well-known legal and judicial developments of the eleventh and twelfth centuries. This is the first study to explore in depth the diversity of judicial pathways exploited by clerics in early medieval Italy and the legal arguments they constructed. Proceeding on the basis of case studies, it traces the threads of ecclesiastical legal culture through several genres of sources: in addition to diplomatic sources such as judicial notices, papal bulls, imperial diplomas, and private charters, it also examines the evidence to be found in works of poetry, hagiography, and historiography, and in legal compilations. Among the ecclesiastical disputes that receive extended discussion are those between the bishops of Arezzo and Siena, between the patriarchs of Aquileia and Grado, between the abbots of Nonantola and neighboring bishops, and those within the diocese of Lucca.

The overarching theme of the book is differential treatment in death, which is examined at the site-specific, settlement, regional and national level. More specifically, the symbolism of conversion-period grave good deposition, the impact of the church, and aspects of identity, burial diversity and biocultural approaches to cemetery analysis are discussed.