Tesi sul tema "Historical Database"

This thesis analyses the development of the database for historical research within the context of the historical discipline. The first chapter gives a brief outline of the history of database technology and describes the theoretical perspectives from the history and sociology of technology which inform this work. The second chapter charts the development of the database for historical research from its beginnings in the 1960s to the present. This chapter situates the development of the database for historical research within the methodological and institutional frameworks that influenced its production. The third chapter analyses the historical database within the specific national context of Canadian historiography. This chapter provides an opportunity to investigate more closely the social constitution of a technology among a specialized group of users.

Sweden has an enormous treasure in its vast number of large-scale historical maps from a period of 400 years made for different purposes, that we call map series. The maps are also very time and regional dependent with respect to their concepts. A large scanning project by Lantmäteriverket will make most of these maps available as raster images. In many disciplines in the humanities and social sciences, like history, human geography and archaeology, historical maps are of great importance as a source of information. They are used frequently in different studies for a variety of problems. A full and systematic analyse of this material from a database perspective has so far not been conducted. During the last decade or two, it has been more and more common to use data from historical maps in GIS-analysis. In this thesis a novel approach to model these maps is tested. The method is based on the modelling of each map series as its own ontology, thus focusing on the unique concepts of each map series. The scope of this work is a map series covering the province of Gotland produced during the period 1693-1705. These maps have extensive text descriptions concerned with different aspects of the mapped features. Via a code marking system they are attached to the maps. In this thesis a semantic analysis and an ontology over all the concepts found in the maps and text descriptions are presented. In our project we model the maps as close to the original structure as possible with a very data oriented view. Furthermore; we demonstrate how this ontology can be used as a conceptual schema for a logical E/R database schema. The Ontology is described in terms of the Protégé meta-model and the E/R schema in UML. The mapping between the two is a set of elementary rules, which are easy for a human to comprehend, but hard to automate. The E/R schema is implemented in a demonstration system. Examples of some different applications which are feasibly to perform by the system are presented. These examples go beyond the traditional use of historical maps in GIS today

The aim of this thesis is to create a historical database for roads in Greater Sydney using map digitisation. The database was constructed to label the status of road in Sydney at a certain time by nominating their opening date, and if applicable, their closing date. The project was completed in the QGIS working environment, an open-sourced program that allows for map digitisation to be completed. A method was developed for map digitisation that can be used to extract spatial data from historical maps and place them in a collective vector layer. The method considers extensive georeferencing of the maps, as well as editing and cleaning the maps through raster and vector analysis. Preferred methods for map digitisation used in the project were identified. For a considerable area of Sydney, in which approximately 52000 road links were included, almost half of the links were identified with an open date by the start of the twentieth century. A further half of these links were confined to opening within a thirty-year period. The progressive change in open links, the length of the network, the area of the network surveyed and the number of intersections open was also reviewed with time. The project has established a strong foundation for a historical road database for Sydney. It has also outlined methods and procedures that can be followed to progress the database further.

With Anglo settlement of southern Arizona in the late 1800s, fire regimes were altered dramatically. Currently, desert scrub has experienced a dramatic rise in frequency and size of wildfire which may remove fire-intolerant perennials that define the community structure. On the contrary, woodlands and forests now contain excessive fuel build up and require prescribed burning to restore the system's balance. These opposing attitudes reflect the conundrum of how to manage naturally occurring fires, or where and when to initiate prescribed burning to recreate each vegetation community's "natural" fire regime. To resolve this dilemma, there is need to discern natural fire histories by collecting specific baseline data such as where, when and how the landscape has burned. This research has been focused on the design and development of a relational database, and the incorporation of a geographic information system to develop a system that can be used to fulfill this need.

Using the unique Norfolk Island pedigree, this dissertation focused on extended pedigree analysis to evaluate the suitability of whole mitochondrial genome analysis for historical casework, and to provide one of the first mutation rate estimates for the entire mitochondrial genome. This research also provided a mitochondrial DNA control region database representing World War II-era Australian soldiers that has been used by the Australian Defence Force for human identification. It is expected that this work will help to reduce the incorrect identification of military remains and will assist the forensic community for cases involving familial matching.

The mitochondrion is a tiny organelle that is the power supplier of the cell and vital to the functioning of the body organs. Additionally it contains a small circular genome of about 16 kb, present in many copies which makes the mitochondrial DNA more viable than nuclear DNA. Mitochondrial DNA is also maternally inherited and thus provides a direct link to maternal relatives. These two properties are of particular use for forensic samples, which only contain limited or degraded amounts of DNA, and for historical samples (ancient DNA). This thesis presents work on the mitochondrial DNA in the hypervariable regions (HV) I and II, in both contemporary and historical samples. Forensic genetics makes use of mitochondrial DNA analysis in court as circumstantial evidence, and population databases are used for the calculation of evidence value. Population samples (299) across Sweden have been analysed in order to enrich the EDNAP mtDNA database (EMPOP) (paper I). The application of mitochondrial DNA analysis allowed for analysis of historical skeletal remains: Copernicus, 1473-1543 (paper II), Karin Göring, 1888-1931 (paper III) and Medieval bones, 880-1000 AD, from a mass grave found in Sigtuna, Sweden (paper IV). The thesis also includes analyses of bones and teeth from the shipwrecked crew of the Vasa warship, 1628, samples from the Vasa museum, Stockholm, Sweden (paper V). Overall, the varying age of the samples and the different conservation environments (soil and water) accounted for variations in quality, but still allowed for successful DNA analysis.

This thesis outlines a technique for rapid documentation of historic sites in volatile cultural landscapes. Using Holt Cemetery as an exemplary case study, a workflow was developed incorporating RTK terrain survey, UAS aerial imagery, photogrammetry, GIS, and smartphone data collection in order to create a multifaceted database of the material and spatial conditions, as well as the patterns of use, that exist at the cemetery. The purpose of this research is to create a framework for improving the speed of data creation and increasing the accessibility of information regarding threatened cultural resources. It is intended that these processes can be scaled and adapted for use at any site, and that the products generated can be utilized by researchers, resource management professionals, and preservationists. In utilizing expedited methods, this thesis specifically advocates for documentation of sites that exist in coastal environments and are facing imminent destruction due to environmental degradation.

Il lavoro di tesi a cui si riferisce il presente abstract è stato svolto durante un soggiorno, realizzato nell’ambito della mobilità Erasmus+Studio, presso l’Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya di Barcellona, sotto la supervisione del prof. Joaquim Casal e dell’ing. Elsa Pastor. La tesi verte sul trasporto in condotta di sostanze pericolose, con particolare riferimento al trasporto di ammoniacaanidra; in questo contesto, l’obiettivo principale del lavoro è stato quello di raccogliere informazioni sul trasporto in condotta di sostanze chimiche, di collezionate dati storici di incidenti avvenuti nel trasporto in condotta di ammoniaca e di analizzare statisticamente i dati raccolti, di impostare il calcolo del rischio locale generato da una condotta considerata come caso di studio. Il lavoro di tesi è così strutturato: il capitolo 1 parla del rischio di incidente rilevante generato dall’industria di processo; il capitolo 2 è dedicato al trasporto in condotta di sostanze pericolose; nel capitolo 3 sono considerate le problematiche di sicurezza delle condotte, anche con riferimento al trasporto su strada, su via ferrata, su acqua. Il capitolo 4 descrive l’analisi storica degli incidenti avvenuti nel trasporto in condotta di ammoniaca. Il capitolo 5 illustra le diverse fase dell’analisi quantitativa del rischio generato da condotte. Nel capitolo 6 è impostata l’analisi di rischio di una condotta considerata come caso di studio. Il capitolo 7 infine riporta alcune considerazioni conclusive.Alcuni risultati conseguiti nell’attività di tesi verranno presentati all’ottava edizione di EMChiE - European Meeting on Chemical Industry and Environment che si terrà a Nantes nel giugno 2018.

The PhD dissertation presented here falls into the Earth Observation field, specifically vegetation monitoring. This work consists in the extensive exploitation of historical databases of satellite images for vegetation monitoring through two parameters, which are the land surface temperature (LST) and a vegetation index (NDVI). Up to now, vegetation monitoring has been limited to the use of vegetation indices, so the addition of the land surface temperature parameter represents the main innovative character of this PhD study.This dissertation is divided into 5 chapters. The first chapter begins by introducing the theoretical aspects of NDVI and LST parameters, addressing the means for retrieving them from remotely sensed observations, as well as their main limitations. Then, an introduction to vegetal physiology is developed, which allows for understanding how NDVI and LST parameters are linked to plants. A bibliographical study is then presented, which stresses out the gaps in the exploitation of historical databases.The second describes the data used in this PhD. The instrument providing most of these data is embarked on the NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) satellite series. This instrument is the AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer). The AVHRR databases used in this work are the PAL (Pathfinder AVHRR Land) and GIMMS (Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies) databases. Additional data used punctually are also described briefly.The third chapter describes the operations applied to the data to prepare their temporal analysis. These operations start with the calculations of vegetation index and land surface temperature parameters. The AVHRR data used in this work are contaminated by the orbital drift of NOAA satellites, so an important part of this doctorate consisted in developing a technique for correcting this effect. We chose to develop our own technique, which we validated by direct comparison with data retrieved by geostationary satellites.In the fourth chapter, the different methods used for data temporal analysis are presented. Those methods consist of trend detection, harmonic analysis, and fitting the temporal series to annual NDVI evolution curves. Then, a phenological analysis is presented, which allows for retrieval of trends in spring and autumn dates for most of the globe. These trends are validated by comparison with previous studies. The trend analysis for spring dates is then extended to the 1948-2006 period using air temperature data. The long-term observation of different NDVI indicators also allows for the detection of land vegetation changes, even in our case of coarse spatial resolution. Finally, two methods for NDVI temporal analysis are compared.In the fifth chapter, a quick presentation of simultaneous study of NDVI and LST is developed through a revision of previous results, followed by the observations carried out from the orbital drift corrected data. These observations allowed for the determination of indicators of NDVI and LST, thus enabling for the characterization of the vegetation at global scale. A harmonic analysis of NDVI and LST at European scale is also presented. The application of the developed indicators for simultaneous monitoring of NDVI and LST shows promising results.As a conclusion, the main results described above are summarized, and plans for a close future are presented. This PhD has also demonstrated that such work could be carried out in a small structure with limited resources.
El trabajo de tesis doctoral aquí presentado consiste en el uso extensivo de bases de datos históricas de imágenes de satélite para el seguimiento de la vegetación terrestre, a través de dos parámetros; la temperatura de la superficie terrestre (LST por sus siglas en inglés) y el índice de vegetación NDVI.El primer capítulo de la memoria introduce las nociones de NDVI y LST desde una perspectiva teórica, así como sus principales limitaciones y sus vínculos con la fisiología vegetal. Un estudio bibliográfico permite poner el acento sobre las lagunas en el uso de las bases de datos históricas.El segundo capítulo describe los datos utilizados en este trabajo, proporcionados en su mayoría por el instrumento AVHRR (Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer) a bordo de la serie de satélites de la NOAA (National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration) a través de las bases de datos PAL (Pathfinder AVHRR Land) y GIMMS (Global Inventory Modeling and Mapping Studies). También se presentan datos adicionales que se usaron puntualmente. El tercer capítulo describe el proceso para obtener las series temporales de NDVI y LST, las cuales están contaminadas por la deriva orbital de los satélites NOAA. Hemos propuesto una técnica propia para su corrección, validada por comparación directa con datos obtenidos por satélites geoestacionarios.En el cuarto capítulo se introducen diferentes métodos utilizados para el análisis temporal de los datos. Se obtuvieron tendencias acerca de parámetros vinculados a la evolución anual de NDVI para la mayor parte del globo, validadas por comparación con estudios previos.En el quinto capítulo se presenta un análisis conjunto del NDVI y de la LST, seguido por la elaboración de indicadores de la evolución anual de estos dos parámetros. A continuación se presenta un análisis armónico del NDVI y de la LST para Europa. El uso de los indicadores desarrollados para el seguimiento simultáneo del NDVI y de la LST revela resultados prometedores.Por último se presentan las conclusiones más relevantes del trabajo realizado, así como planes de trabajo para un futuro próximo.

Thèse de doctorat : Electronique, électrotechnique, automatique : Strasbourg 1 : 2008. Tesis doctoral : Electrónica, electrotécnica, automático : Universitat de València : 2008.
Thèse soutenue sur un ensemble de travaux. Thèse soutenue en co-tutelle. Titre provenant de l'écran-titre. Bibliogr. 34 p.

Digital tools have been increasingly used, in the last decades, for the study and representation of the city history. As the available instruments develop and the researchersb ecome more familiar with them, their use turns out to be more effective and provides richer results. This study aims to explore the use of information technology, particularly 3D models, for the city history research. When this study was elaborated, few initiatives effectivelly applied those new tools to convey the history of the city. A smaller number of published scientific enterprises investigated that operation. Therefore, the study is structured mainly on the analysis of some precedents based on those tools, together with others selected for applying creatively traditional methods. These analyses also raise questionings on related issues such as historical narratives, traditional methods of historical graphic representation or other digital representation modes. The examination of those subjects constitutes the thesis' theoretical part. The conclusion is presented in the form of a digital alternative for the representation of the city history. The tool developed as a prototype is grounded on 3D models representing different periods of the city linked to a database of a great diversity of historical documents. Thus, the city history is accessed through images of the significant sites from the 3D models. The prototype development is based on the assumptions that this process of retrieving historical information related to city spaces facilitates the understanding of the past culture. Furthermore, when the readers associate the space they know in the city to the historical information, they understand better the past culture that shaped it, strengthen their identity and intensify the relationship to the place they dwell in.

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This paper proposes the historical simulation model to calculate the VaR, considering return ajusted by the realized volatility measured from intraday returns. The database consists of five most liquid share among the different segments of Bovespa Index. For the proposed methodology we used two of the empirical theories of the empirical literature - adjusted historical simulation and realized volatility. The Kupiec tes and Christoffersen test are used to analized and veryfy the proposed methodology performance.
O presente trabalho propõe para o cálculo VaR o modelo de simulação histórica, com os retornos atualizados pela volatilidade realizada calculada a partir de dados intradiários. A base de dados consiste de cinco ações entre as mais líquidas do Ibovespa de distintos segmentos. Para a metodologia proposta utilizamos duas teorias da literatura empírica – simulação histórica ajustada e volatilidade realizada. Para análise e verificação do desempenho da metodologia proposta utilizamos o Teste de Kupiec e o Teste de Christoffersen.

Cette thèse de doctorat explore l’application des algorithmes d’apprentissage profond (Deep Learning - DL) pour relever les défis hydrologiques dans le bassin de la Seine, le deuxième plus long fleuve de France. Le régime hydraulique complexe de la Seine, influencé par les précipitations variables, les affluents, les interventions humaines et les fluctuations des marées, constitue un cadre idéal pour l’utilisation de techniques computationnelles avancées. Les modèles DL, notamment les réseaux neuronaux récurrents et les mécanismes d’attention, ont été choisis pour leur capacité à capturer les dépendances temporelles à long terme dans les séries chronologiques, surpassant ainsi les modèles traditionnels d’apprentissage machine (ML), tout en nécessitant moins de calibration manuelle que les modèles à base physique. La recherche se concentre sur le développement de méthodologies personnalisées pour améliorer l’efficacité du DL et optimiser son application face aux défis spécifiques du bassin de la Seine. Ces défis incluent la compréhension et la gestion des interactions complexes dans la zone d’étude, la gestion des limitations des données, le comblement des lacunes de données, la reconstruction et la projection des bases de données historiques manquantes, cruciales pour analyser les fluctuations du niveau d’eau en réponse à des variables telles que les changements climatiques, ainsi que la prédiction des événements d’inondations, notamment les crues extrêmes.Nos contributions, détaillées à travers quatre articles, illustrent l’efficacité du DL dans divers défis hydrologiques et applications : le comblement des lacunes des données de niveau d’eau sur plusieurs mois dans les enregistrements horaires, la reconstruction historique des paramètres de qualité de l’eau sur une période de plus de 15 ans dans le passé, l’analyse des interactions entre les stations, ainsi que la prédiction des événements de crue extrême à grande échelle (jusqu’à 7 jours à l’avance dans les données quotidiennes) et à petite échelle (jusqu’à 24 heures dans les données horaires).Les techniques proposées, telles que l’approche de décomposition Mini-Look-Back, les stratégies automatisées de reconstruction historique, les fonctions de perte personnalisées et l’ingénierie des caractéristiques approfondie, mettent en lumière la polyvalence et l’efficacité des modèles DL pour surmonter les limitations des données et surpasser les méthodes traditionnelles. La recherche souligne l’importance de l’interprétabilité en plus de la précision de la prédiction, offrant ainsi des informations sur la dynamique complexe de la Seine.Ces résultats mettent en évidence les potentialités du DL et des méthodologies développées dans les applications hydrologiques, tout en suggérant une applicabilité plus large à travers divers domaines traitant des séries chronologiques de données
This PhD thesis explores the application of deep learning (DL) algorithms to address hydrological challenges in the Seine River basin, France’s second longest river. The Seine’s intricate hydraulic regime, shaped by variable rainfall, tributaries, human interventions, and tidal fluctuations, presents an ideal scenario for advanced computational techniques. DL models, particularly recurrent-based neural networks and attention mechanisms, were chosen for their ability to capture long-term temporal dependencies in time series data, outperforming traditional machine learning (ML) models and their reduced need for manual calibration compared to physical-based models.The research focuses on developing custom methodologies to enhance DL efficiency and optimize its application to specific challenges within the Seine River Basin. Key challenges include addressing complex interactions within the study area, predicting extreme flood events, managing data limitations, and reconstructing missing historical databases crucial for analyzing water level fluctuations in response to variables such as climatic changes. The objective is to uncover insights, bridge data gaps, and enhance flood prediction accuracy, particularly for extreme events, thereby advancing smarter water management solutions.Detailed across four articles, our contributions showcase the effectiveness of DL in various hydrological challenges and applications: filling missing water level data gaps that may span several months in hourly records, projecting water quality parameters over 15 years in the past, analyzing station interactions, and predicting extreme flood events on both large (up to 7 days ahead in daily data) and small scales (up to 24 hours in hourly data).Proposed techniques such as the Mini-Look-Back decomposition approach, automated historical reconstruction strategies, custom loss functions, and extensive feature engineering highlight the versatility and efficacy of DL models in overcoming data limitations and outperforming traditional methods. The research emphasizes interpretability alongside prediction accuracy, providing insights into the complex dynamics of hydrological systems. These findings underscore the potential of DL and the developed methodologies in hydrological applications while suggesting broader applicability across various fields dealing with time series data

Mestrado em Arquitectura Paisagista - Instituto Superior de Agronomia
The undeniable importance of the asset value of historic garden as testimony and reference of past eras has been growing in Portugal through studies, publications and initiatives which reinforce its value recognition. Despite the advances and efforts made for the recovery of historic gardens, the recognition of its value is still far from general public recognition. This dissertation intends to be a contribution to an effective heritage management, based on the acknowledgement of historical gardens heritage importance and on its demands. The tourism integration emerges as a possible proposal for the achievement of such goals, in order to promote their protection, by assigning a use or a function since, in most gardens, is recognized the needed potential to implement a demanding tour. The main goals of this work are the analysis of the situation of Portuguese gardens, by data collection through a survey; the contribution for a database development for AJH, and the preliminary proposal of a Website, which intends to enable the creation of tourist routes through historic gardens, and promote de value of historical gardens in Portugal

La thèse porte sur l’optimisation de la gestion du patrimoine culturel et historique à l'aide des méthodologies avancées d'inspection tout en s’appuyant sur le projet HeritageCare.La réponse à cette problématique est posée en cinq chapitres : (1) un état de l’art des méthodologies de gestion préventive, du projet HeritageCare et de l’identification de l’état de dégradation, (2) la mise en place de la méthodologie générale de la gestion préventive décomposée en quatre étapes (l’anamnèse, le diagnostic, la thérapie et le contrôle), (3) la proposition de modèles d’agrégation (4), les résultats de l’application de la démarche de gestion préventive et enfin (5) ceux de l’application des modèles. Ces derniers permettent de hiérarchiser les bâtis sur la base de 37 critères organisés en sous critères et indicateurs, de mettre en évidence la prise de décision des propriétaires sur la base de matrice de criticité combinant les valeurs des indicateurs, de déterminer la durée de vie résiduelle des bâtis sur la base de courbes d’altérations, de proposer et de hiérarchiser des actions de maintenance en s’appuyant sur une base de données développée. La méthodologie est illustrée par son application à quatorze bâtis représentant le patrimoine culturel et historique français
The objective of the thesis is to optimize the management of cultural and historical building heritage using advanced inspection methodologies with HeritageCare project.The answer to this problem is detailed in five chapters: (1) a state of the art of preventive management methodologies, the HeritageCare project and the identification of the state of degradation, (2) the implementation of the general methodology on preventive management is decomposed into 4 steps (anamnesis, diagnosis, therapy and control), (3) proposal of aggregation models (4), results of the application of the management approach preventive and finally (5) the application of models. These make it possible to prioritize the buildings on the basis of 37 criteria organized into sub-criteria and indicators, highlight the decision-making of the owners on the basis of a criticality matrix combining the values ​​of the indicators, determine the useful life of the buildings with the deterioration curves, propose and prioritize maintenance actions based on a developed database.The methodology is illustrated by its application on fourteen buildings representing the French cultural and historical heritage

The National Socialist newspaper “Der Freiheitskampf” was published nearly daily from August 1st 1930 to Mai 8th 1945. In addition to articles from all areas of politics, economics and society, it contained information on dates, events and persons of regional importance in Saxony during the era of the Third Reich and before. Because of its character as official press organ of the NSDAP in the Gau Saxony, the newspaper is suitable to compensate missing historical evidence caused by the systematic shredding of files in spring 1945 and a lack of documents in Saxon archives. This paper presents a joint project of the Hannah Arendt Institute for the Research on Totalitarianism at the TU Dresden (HAIT) and the Saxon State and University Library, Dresden (SLUB), which aims to enhance the usability of “Der Freiheitskampf” – not only for scientific purposes. The combined digitization of the (nearly) complete source and its deep indexing result in a presentation in an elaborated database (the years 1930 to 1934 are covered at present). This database provides more effective possibilities for answering scientific (interdisciplinary) questions, not only on the establishment of National Socialist rulership in Saxony. The paper also discusses the possible worth of the usage of the newspaper and its representation in a database for purposes of political education.

O processamento de linguagem natural e as ontologias são ferramentas cuja interação permite uma melhor compreensão dos dados armazenados. Este trabalho, ao associar estas duas áreas aos elementos disponíveis numa base de dados prosopográfica, tornou possível identificar e classificar relacionamentos entre setores de ocupação na forma como eram designados na época, setores de atividade num formato mais próximo do de hoje e o estatuto social que essas incumbências tinham na sociedade coeva. Os dados utilizados são sobretudo de membros do Santo Ofício – do século XVI ao século XVIII. Para atingir este objetivo utilizaram-se algumas descrições textuais de ocorrências da época e outras pouco estruturadas, disponíveis no repositório SPARES. A aplicação de processamento de linguagem natural (remoção de stopwords e aplicação de stemming), conjugada com a construção de duas ontologias, tornou possível classificar esses dados, permitindo consultas mais eficazes. Ao contribuir para a classificação automática de dados históricos, propõem-se metodologias que podem ser aplicadas em dados de qualquer outra área do conhecimento, especialmente as que lidam com as variáveis de tempo e espaço de forma mais intensa; Abstract: OntoSPARES: from natural language to ontologies Contributions to the automatic classification of historical data (16th-18th centuries) The interaction between the natural language processing and ontologies are tools allowing a better understanding of the data stored. This work, by combining these two areas to the elements available in a prosopographic database, has made possible to identify and classify relationships between occupations of many individuals (in general Holy Office members of the 16th-18th centuries). To achieve this goal the data used was gathered in SPARES repository, including some textual descriptions of the time occurrences. They are all few structured. The application of natural language processing (stopwords removal and stemming application), combined with the construction of two ontologies, made possible to classify those data, allowing a more effective search. By contributing to the automatic classification of historical data, this thesis proposes methodologies that can be applied to data from any other field of knowledge, specially data dealing with time and space variables.

Historically Black colleges and universities (HBCUs) lag behind predominantly White institutions in their production of online courses and degree programs because of nonexistent or inadequate technology training for faculty members and limited financial resources. The purpose of this qualitative comparative case study was to obtain insight into how decisions are made on technology deployment and integration of online programs at HBCUs. Guided by Donaldson's contingency theory, this case study addressed how decisions are determined at HBCUs to integrate online learning programs into the curriculum and how the individuals who make these decisions perceive online learning programs. Survey responses were collected from 16 administrators, chief information officers, and faculty department heads at 3 HBCUs. Frequency data from the surveys led to themes were confirmed by the analysis of interviews and campus documents. Emergent themes included the integration of online programs, interest in online learning, incentives/compensation and release time, mission and goal statements, strategic plans, and professional development. All 3 HBCUs have a process in place for measuring progress and updating strategic plans. Only 1 HBCU had incentives to encourage faculty or administrators to participate in technology deployment, although all 3 HBCUs offered professional development courses and seminars. Online learning was not included in any of the 3 HBCUs' mission and goal statements. Faculty interest in teaching online courses was high at 2 of the HBCUs. Among the implications of these findings for research and practice was the possibility of promoting positive social change through developing and applying improved strategies for technology deployment at HBCUs that might provide better services to students.

Aquesta tesi doctoral està realitzada mitjançant el compendi de 4 assajos, que es vertebren entorn als procediments per a la creació de grans bases de dades historicodemogràfiques de caràcter individual i la seva aplicabilitat en l’estudi del canvi social a llarg termini (segles XIV – XX). La construcció de bases de dades és una de les tasques primordials per a la investigació en Demografia Històrica encara que s’utilitzi l’ordinador. Malauradament, la recollida de dades sempre és una tasca costosa que necessita molta dedicació. Així, la reducció del temps de creació de les dades és un repte cabdal ja que permetrà construir bases de dades més àmplies amb la idea de què puguin abastar períodes cronològics llargs i aglutinar diferents fonts per tal de participar de la revolució del Big Data. Aquest repte de caràcter metodològic es correspon amb els dos primers assajos: “The Baix Llobregat (BALL) Demographic Database, between Historical Demography and Computer Vision (nineteenth – twentieth centuries)” i “Knowledge graph based methods for record linkage”. La ‘ALL database’ s’ha creat a partir dels padrons i censos de població de la comarca del Baix Llobregat amb l’aplicació d’algoritmes de visió per computador per a la lectura automàtica de les fonts, l’entrenament d’aquests algoritmes mitjançant la transcripció manual d’aquelles -crowdsourcing-, la seva validació a partir de videojocs i la vinculació automàtica dels individus al llarg del temps i del territori a partir de les anomenades string distances i de mètodes de knowledge graph. L’aplicació de totes aquestes metodologies han mostrat una reducció molt substanciosa en el temps de construcció de la base de dades mencionada. A més, aquestes han permès la complexitat de les bases a partir de la vinculació de diferents observacions demogràfiques i socioeconòmiques d’un mateix individu que fins i tot poden provenir de fonts diverses Pel que fa als assajos tres i quatre: “A tals pares, tals fills: Transmissió intergeneracional a Sabadell, segles XVI – XVII” i “What counted most for secularization: Politics, economy or family? Shifting seasonality of marriages in the Barcelona area, 1715-1880” representen dos exemples de temes d’interès demogràfic i històric que es poden estudiar a través de les dades anteriorment comentades i de la Barcelona Historical Marriage Database, una base de dades única creada en el marc del projecte ‘Five Centuries of Marriages’ dirigit per la Professora Cabré i finançat per l’European Research Council. L’anàlisi de la transmissió intergeneracional a l’Antic Règim permet observar una important perdurabilitat dels oficis en les famílies tot i que també es copsa una certa mobilitat, sobretot entre el sector pagès i artesà, que anteriorment s’havia tendit a pensar que aquesta era menor. També es detecta l’existència d’una segmentació important en el mercat matrimonial entre teixidors i paraires que recorda els seus conflictes gremials. L’anàlisi de l’estacionalitat del matrimoni representa una manera indirecta d’aproximar-se al procés de secularització de la societat occidental. A més, l’estudi de l’efecte del període polític i la influència familiar en el calendari nupcial constitueix dues novetats importants en la historiografia existent sobre aquest tema. Aquests anàlisis s’han realitzat a partir d’una aproximació quantitativa basada amb l’anàlisi descriptiu combinat amb una perspectiva multivariable.
Esta tesis doctoral se ha realizado mediante el compendio de 4 ensayos, que se estructuran entorno a los procedimientos para la creación de grandes bases de datos histórico-demográficas de carácter individual i su aplicabilidad en el estudio del cambio social a largo plazo (siglos XVI-XIX). La construcción de bases de datos es una de las tareas primordiales para la investigación en Demografía Histórica, aunque se utilice el ordenador. Desafortunadamente, la recogida de datos siempre es una tarea laboriosa que requiere mucha dedicación. Así, la reducción del tiempo de creación de los datos es un reto primordial para permitir construir grandes bases de datos con la idea de poder abastar periodos cronológicos largos y aglutinar diferentes fuentes para participar de la revolución del Big Data. Este reto de carácter metodológico se corresponde con los dos primeros ensayos: “The Baix Llobregat (BALL) Demographic Database, between Historical Demography and Computer Vision (nineteenth – twentieth centuries)” y “Knowledge graph based methods for record linkage”. La ‘BALL Database’ se ha creado a partir de los padrones y censos de población de la comarca del Baix Llobregat con la aplicación de algoritmos de visión por computador para la lectura automática de las fuentes, el aprendizaje de estos algoritmos mediante la transcripción manual – crowdsourcing -, su validación mediante videojuegos y la vinculación automática de los individuos a lo largo del tiempo y del territorio a partir de métodos de string distances y knowledge graph. La apliación de todas estas metodologías ha demostrado una reducción muy sustancial en el tiempo de construcción de la base de datos mencionada. A más a más, estas han permitido la complejidad de las bases mediante la vinculación de diferentes observaciones demográficas y socioeconómicas de un mismo individuo que hasta puede proceder de fuentes distintas. Respecto a los ensayos tres y cuatro: “A tals pares, tals fills: Transmissió intergeneracional a Sabadell, segles XVI – XVII” y “What counted most for secularization: Politics, economy or family? Shifting seasonality of marriages in the Barcelona area, 1715-1880”, representan dos ejemplos de temas de interés demográfico y histórico que se pueden estudiar mediante los datos anteriormente comentados y de la Barcelona Historical Marriage Database, una base de datos única creada en el marco del proyecto ‘Five Centuries of Marriages’ dirigido por la Profesora Cabré y financiado por el European Research Council. El análisis de la transmisión intergeneracional en el Antiguo Régim, permite observar una importante perdurabilidad de las ocupaciones en las familias todo y que también se observa una cierta movilidad, sobre todo entre el sector campesino y artesano, que anteriormente se creía que era menor. También se detecta la existencia de una segmentación importante en el mercado matrimonial entre tejedores y pelaires que recuerda sus conflictos gremiales. El análisis de la estacionalidad del matrimonio representa una forma indirecta de aproximación al proceso de secularización de la sociedad occidental. Así, el estudio del efecto del periodo político y la influencia familiar en el calendario nupcial constituyen dos novedades importantes en la historiografía existente sobre este tema. Estos análisis se han realizado a partir de una aproximación cuantitativa basada en el análisis descriptivo combinado con una perspectiva multivariable.
This doctoral dissertation has been carried out through the compendium of 4 essays on the procedures for the creation of large individual historical-demographic databases and their applicability to the study of long-term social change (16th - 19th centuries). Building databases is one of the key tasks in Historical Demography research. Unfortunately, data collection is always a costly task that requires a lot of dedication even using personal computers. Thus, reducing data creation time is a major challenge as it will allow for the construction of larger databases covering long periods and bringing together different sources in order to participate in the Big Data revolution. This methodological challenge has been addressed in the first two essays: “The Baix Llobregat (BALL) Demographic Database, between Historical Demography and Computer Vision (nineteenth - twentieth centuries)” and “Knowledge graph based methods for record linkage”. The ‘BALL database’ has been created from the population registers and national censuses of the Baix Llobregat region with the application of computer vision algorithms for the (automatic) handwriting recognition of original sources, the training of these algorithms through the manual transcription of sources –using crowdsourcing-, their validation using video games and the automatic linkage of individuals over time and territory using the so-called string distances and knowledge graph methods. The application of all these methodologies has shown a very substantial reduction in the construction time of the mentioned database. In addition, these have allowed the complexity of the bases linking different demographic and socioeconomic observations of the same individuals that can even come from different sources. Regarding the third and fourth essays: “A tals pares, tals fills: Transmissió intergeneracional a Sabadell, segles XVI – XVII” and “What counted most for secularization: Politics, economy or family? Shifting seasonality of marriages in the Barcelona area, 1715-1880”, they represent two examples of topics of demographic and historical interest that can be studied through the data mentioned above and the Barcelona Historical Marriage Database, a unique database created within the framework of the ‘Five Centuries of Marriages’ project leaded by Professor Cabré and funded by the European Research Council. The analysis of the intergenerational transmission in an Old Regime society allows us to observe an important durability of the trades in the families, although a certain mobility is also seen, especially between the farmers and artisans, which previously was considered almost immobile groups. The existence of an important segmentation in the marriage market between weavers and paraires is also detected, which recalls their guild conflicts. The analysis of the seasonality of marriage represents an indirect way of approaching the secularization process of Western society. Furthermore, the study of the effect of the political period and the family influence on the nuptial calendar constitutes two important novelties in the existing historiography on this subject. These analyzes have been carried out from a quantitative approach based on descriptive analysis combined with a multivariate perspective.
Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. Programa de Doctorat en Demografia

Business intelligence (BI) involves transforming data into actionable information to make better business decisions that may help improve operations. Although businesses have experienced success with BI, how leaders of church organizations might be able to exploit the advantages of BI in church organizations remains largely unexplored. The purpose of the phenomenological study was to explore the perceptions of pastoral leaders concerning the potential usefulness of BI in church organizations. Conceptual support for the study was based on the premise that churches may also benefit from BI that helps improve decision making and organizational performance. Three research questions were used to examine the current role of BI in church organizations, the potential usefulness of BI in church organizations, and potential conflicts that might exist between spiritual and BI management objectives. Semistructured interviews were used to obtain data from 20 pastoral leaders. The data were analyzed using the modified Van Kaam method of analysis. The results indicated that pastoral leaders perceived that BI can be a useful technology in church organizations. Additionally, the pastoral leaders did not perceive any conflict between BI and church management objectives. Church leaders may be able to take advantage of BI to achieve their social outreach programs. As a result, local churches can have a greater social impact on the surrounding communities.

This thesis in the History of Education studies the pedagogization of Swedish society from 1812–1828. These ambitions were promoted by state officials and educational innovators who we­re tightly knit through social networks. The research questions are: Why did these indi­vi­duals orga­nize themselves the way they did in the field of education? Which practices of external com­mun­ica­­tion and interaction within associations existed? Which impact did these practices of external communication and internal interaction have on the educational debate? Civic formation is analyzed through the activity or practices identified in the diffusion of useful knowledge, self-education, scho­ols, and educational policies. Arguments for civic formation, educational imperatives, are reflected in new words and new schools. The imperatives are in part an outcome of social networking studied through affiliations to associations, newspapers and governing boards. Hence, a great number of affiliations have been organized in a new and advanced web-based application. Papers and associations were important to in dissolving feudal society, and as key ingred­ients for the emancipation of the middle class, they gradually gained more in­fluence upon society. The educational reformers’ involvement in papers and societies were important for them coining new Swedish words with educational importance: it was an extern­al communicative practice. Involvement in associations is somewhat more internal and has been studied as leading to social interaction. This interaction is studied as social capital through social network analysis. This revealed focal points on the individual level which made a signi­fi­cant contribution to the educational debate. These were social networks sustained by the spi­rit of Enlightenment and emancipation. What has long been un­recog­ni­zed in the History of Edu­cation is presented as important features in this thesis through the analysis of social networks.

Although ERP systems have been depicted as a solution in many organizations, there are many negative reports on ERP success, benefits, and effect on user’s performance. Previous research noted that there is a lack of knowledge and awareness of ERP systems and their overall value to ERP organizations. ERP systems have been widely studied during the past decade, yet they often fail to deliver the intended benefits originally expected. One notable reason for their failures is the lack of understanding in users’ requirements. This dissertation study was designed to understand the relative importance of system quality (SQ), IQ (IQ), service quality (SVQ), and their influence on ERP users. The dependent variable individual impact (II) was used to represent the ERP success at the individual level of analysis. The research by Petter, DeLone, and McLean (2008) established the basis for this research. In addition, this study examined the moderating effect of users’ characteristics variables (age, gender, experience, and position) on the II variable. The study further compared the results of this research with Petter et al.’s (2008) research to test whether the overall findings of this research differ from their research. A web-based survey was used to collect data for this study. A number of ERP users from private and public sectors in the Middle East participated in this survey. The survey screening process provided 218 usable responses for further analysis. Using SPSS 23, the researcher determined the validity and reliability of the items. The result of the exploratory factor analysis (EFA) via principal component analysis (PCA) loaded SQ items on four components, IQ on three components, SVQ on one component, and II on one component. Following the EFA results, the researcher investigated the items’ reliability, internal consistency, convergent validity, and discriminant validity. Hypothetical relationships were examined using structural equation modeling (SEM) based on the partial least squares (PLS) technique. The moderating effect was examined using the multigroup analysis (MGA) method. This dissertation study contributed to the body of knowledge by highlighting the importance of SQ, IQ, and SVQ in impacting ERP users’ learnability, awareness/recall, decision effectiveness, and individual productivity in an ERP environment. The results of this research can be used by ERP vendors to deliver an integrated and customized ERP system to organizations based on region. This research bridged the gap in the literature on the need to conduct more ERP research in the Middle East. Understanding the relative importance of information systems (IS) success factors brings the attention of ERP organizations and vendors to focus their efforts on the leading issues perceived by end users. Assessing the level of IS impact from multiple users may help organizations to offer all types of training to develop better attitudes toward ERP systems. Organizations can also build a rigorous approach to assess the impacts of IS on ERP users’ performance and productivity. As a result, this could help in improving productivity, learnability, awareness, and decision effectiveness of the end users.

Ample research has been conducted to identify the determinants of information technology (IT) adoption. No previous quantitative researchers have explored IT adoption in the context of enterprise social computing (ESC). The purpose of this study was to test and extend the social influence model of IT adoption. In addition, this study addressed a gap in the research literature and presented a model that relates the independent variables of social action, social consensus, social authority, social cooperation, perceived relative advantage, perceived compatibility, perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, and organizational commitment to the dependent variables of social embracement and embedment. A randomized stepwise multiple linear regression analysis was performed on survey data from 125 C-level executives (i.e., chief information officers and chief technology officers). The analysis found that executives consider perceived relative advantage, organizational commitment, and social computing action as the most significant factors relating to the adoption of ESC. Executives' perceptions about ESC could impact organizational commitment, implementation, and use of such technologies. The findings could make a social contribution within organizations by helping C-level executives understand the degree to which these factors contribute to the ESC adoption. The knowledge from this study may also help organizations derive operational effectiveness, efficiency, and create business value for their clients and society.

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In this essay, we intend to analyze the participation of Edgar Frank "Ted" Codd in the organization of the theoretical foundations that allowed the creation of the "Technological Object" known as "Relational Data Base Management System", thus offering a contribution to the History of Computing
No presente ensaio, pretendemos analisar a participação de Edgar Frank Ted Codd na organização das bases teóricas que permitiram a criação do "Objeto Tecnológico" conhecido como "Sistema Gerenciador de Banco de Dados Relacional", oferecendo assim uma contribuição para a História da Computação

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of affect on privacy concerns and privacy behaviors. A considerable amount of research in the information systems field argues that privacy concerns, usually conceptualized as an evaluation of privacy risks, influence privacy behaviors. However, recent theoretical work shows that affect, a pre-cognitive evaluation, has a significant effect on preferences and choices in risky situations. Affect is contrasted with cognitive issues in privacy decision making and the role of affective versus cognitive-consequentialist factors is reviewed in privacy context. A causal model was developed to address how affect influences privacy concerns and privacy behaviors. The model of privacy risk proposed in this model argues that affect (or “feelings”) influences privacy behaviors directly as well as thru privacy concerns. To test the model, subjects were recruited using Mechanical Turk and paid for their participation. Affect, the key construct in this research, was measured using a word association technique as well as methods developed in the implicit attitudes research. Well-known scales were used to measure privacy concerns and behavioral intentions. Data was collected from subjects using a pretested privacy scenario. Data analysis suggests that, in line with published IS research, privacy concerns affect privacy behaviors. Affect has no impact on privacy concerns nor on privacy behaviors at the traditional 5% level of significance, though it is significant at the 10% level of significance. Improving the instruments used to measure affect, use of a large sample size to detect small effect sizes and more control over the instrument administration instead of an online survey are suggested for future research.

Выпускная квалификационная посвящена анализу социально-демографических процессов в позднеимперском российском городе. В качестве примера выбран Екатеринбург – крупный, быстро развивающийся город на Урале и один из его старейших православных приходов. Исследование выполнено на основе разнообразных источников, ключевым из которых являются метрические книги за 1900-1919 гг., сведения их которых были транскрибированы в базу данных и проанализированы с использованием компьютерных технологий. Диссертация состоит из трех глав, в которых последовательно рассмотрены сюжеты, связанные с историей прихода, брачностью и рождаемостью. Проведенная работа позволяет представить социальный облик прихода, отметить демографические тенденции в городском сообществе начала XX в., определить перспективные направления в дальнейшем исследовании. Концентрация внимания на отдельном православном приходе позволила реконструировать детали функционирования городского сообщества; проследить реакцию населения на социально-политические изменения в стране; оценить степень развития демографического перехода и модернизации семейно-брачных отношений екатеринбуржцев.
The presented MA dissertation focuses on the social and demographic processes development in the late imperial Russian city. As an example, Yekaterinburg was chosen - a large, rapidly developing city in the Urals and one of its oldest Orthodox parishes. The study based on various sources, the main ones – the St. Ekaterina church parish registers (metricheskie knigi) dated from 1901 to 1919, which were transcribed into the database and analyzed using computer methods. The dissertation consists of three chapters, which sequentially deal with the history of the parish, marriage and fertility. The work carried out allows the deeper understanding of the social development and main demographic trends in the urban community at the beginning of the 20th century and to determine areas for further research. Focusing on a single Orthodox parish made it possible to reconstruct the details of the urban community’s life; to trace the population reaction towards the socio-political changes in the country and estimate the demographic transition development and modernization in the sphere of family and marriage in Yekaterinburg.

Although empirical research has shown that a clearly defined information system (IS) strategy has a positive impact to a firm’s performance and a poorly defined IS strategy has a negative impact to a firms’ performance, firms still develop poorly defined IS strategies. Further compounding the problem, research has revealed that 87% of the business executives believe information systems are a critical enabler to their firms' strategic realization, yet only 33% of business executives involve the Chief Information Officer (CIO) in their firm’s business strategy development. The main goal of this research study is to empirically identify factors which impact development of an IS strategy. This research analyzed the relationship of factors which included organizational mindfulness, CIO and senior management team relationship, and CIO capability to the firm’s level of IS strategy definition. A total of 80 senior leaders completed a web-based survey instrument containing previously validated and refined questions. The questions were answered using a five-point Likert scale. The survey results were analyzed using statistical methods including Pearson’s Correlation, Cronbach’s alpha and linear regression. The statistical results revealed that the factors accounted for 50% of the variance in the level of information system strategy definition. Further, this research study identified five variables which include CIO knowledge of the business, communication ability, informal interaction, trust, and top management support that potentially predict the levels of IS strategy definition. Six variables which include openness, extraversion, political savvy, Top Management Team (TMT) knowledge of IS, formal interaction and reluctance to simplify interpretations were not identified as potential predictors of levels of IS strategy definition. This research study discusses the methodology; data collection and analysis; results of the three research questions and overarching question; and the conclusions, implications, and recommendations. Several future studies are required to provide additional qualitative and quantities findings to better understand the results of this study.

The benefits of using electronic medical records (EMRs) have been well documented; however, despite numerous financial benefits and cost reductions being offered by the federal government, some healthcare professionals have been reluctant to implement EMR systems. In fact, prior research provides evidence of failed EMR implementations due to resistance on the part of physicians, nurses, and clinical administrators. In 2010, only 25% of office-based physicians have basic EMR systems and only 10% have fully functional systems. One of the hindrances believed to be responsible for the slow implementation rates of EMR systems is resistance from healthcare professionals not truly convinced that the system could be of substantive use to them. This study used quantitative methods to measure the relationships between six constructs, namely computer self-efficacy (CSE), perceived complexity (PC), attitude toward EMR (ATE), peer pressure (PP), anxiety (AXY), and resistance to use of technology (RES), are predominantly found in the literature with mixed results. Moreover, they may play a significant role in exposing the source of resistance that exists amongst American healthcare professionals when using Electronic Medical Records (EMR) Systems. This study also measured four covariates: age, role in healthcare, years in healthcare, gender, and years of computer use. This study used Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and an analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) to address the research hypotheses proposed. The survey instrument was based on existing construct measures that have been previously validated in literature, however, not in a single model. Thus, construct validity and reliability was done with the help of subject matter experts (SMEs) using the Delphi method. Moreover, a pilot study of 20 participants was conducted before the full data collection was done, where some minor adjustments to the instrument were made. The analysis consisted of SEM using the R software and programming language. A Web-based survey instrument consisting of 45 items was used to assess the six constructs and demographics data. The data was collected from healthcare professionals across the United States. After data cleaning, 258 responses were found to be viable for further analysis. Resistance to EMR Systems amongst healthcare professionals was examined through the utilization of a quantitative methodology and a cross-sectional research measuring the self-report survey responses of medical professionals. The analysis found that the overall R2 after the SEM was performed, the model had an overall R2 of 0.78, which indicated that 78% variability in RES could be accounted by CSE, PC, ATE, PP, and AXY. The SEM analysis of AXY and RES illustrated a path that was highly significant (β= 0.87, p < .001), while the other constructs impact on RES were not significant. No covariates, besides years of computer use, were found to show any significance differences. This research study has numerous implications for practice and research. The identification of significant predictors of resistance can assist healthcare administrators and EMR system vendors to develop ways to improve the design of the system. This study results also help identify other aspects of EMR system implementation and use that will reduce resistance by healthcare professionals. From a research perspective, the identification of specific attitudinal, demographic, professional, or knowledge-related predictors of reference through the SEM and ANCOVA could provide future researchers with an indication of where to focus additional research attention in order to obtain more precise knowledge about the roots of physician resistance to using EMR systems.

碩士
中國科技大學
建築研究所
100
Ever since the Cultural Heritage Preservation Act was implemented, there has not been a very good integrated database about the historic buildings in Taiwan. In this study we collected and induce the historic building in Taipei city and then induced the pattern, location, age, usage and condition of those bulidings by using the Power Information data Base(PIB). Finally, we created the Taipei city historic buildings information database and finished a query system. When finishing the system, it will be a " easy query " platform. Not only can the query system make users convenient to investigate the historic buildings, but it offer plentiful and intact database for the users. For historic building researchers, restorers and traveling entrepreneur, the query system also provides a immediate information of Taipei city historic buildings.

Repeat photography is an efficient, effective and useful method to identify trends of changes in the landscapes. It was used to illustrate long-term changes occurring in the landscapes. In the Northeast of Portugal, landscapes changes is currently driven mostly by agriculture abandonment and agriculture and energy policy. However, there is a need to monitoring changes in the region using a multitemporal and multiscale approach. This project aimed to establish an online repository of oblique digital photography from the region to be used to register the condition of the landscape as recorded in historical and contemporary photography over time as well as to support qualitative and quantitative assessment of change in the landscape using repeat photography techniques and methods. It involved the development of a relational database and a series of web-based services using PHP: Hypertext Preprocessor language, and the development of an interface, with Joomla, of pictures uploading and downloading by users. The repository will make possible to upload, store, search by location, theme, or date, display, and download pictures for Northeastern Portugal. The website service is devoted to help researchers to obtain quickly the photographs needed to apply RP through a developed search engine. It can be accessed at: http://esa.ipb.pt/digitalandscape/.
A fotografia histórica é um método útil e eficiente para realizar estudos comparativos e evolutivos das alterações da paisagem e, em geral, da geografia. Tem sido amplamente usado para ilustrar as alterações mais importantes ocorridas cronologicamente nas paisagens. No Nordeste de Portugal, as alterações da paisagem devem-se, sobretudo, ao abandono da exploração agrícola que teve como consequência a florestação de novas áreas, bem como pelas construções para aproveitamento da energia hidráulica ou eólica. Em súmula, é evidente a necessidade de monitorizar as alterações da geografia da região usando uma abordagem multi-temporal e multi-escala. Este trabalho teve por objetivo principal a implementação de um repositório digital para registos fotográficos históricos da paisagem da região de Trás-os-Montes, com o intuito de disponibilizar serviços web que permitem o armazenamento e o acesso aos registos fotográficos históricos e contemporâneos das paisagens da região, permitindo assim uma análise quantitativa e qualitativa da evolução dessas paisagens. Em termos práticos, envolveu a criação de uma base de dados relacional e uma pletora de serviços web usando recursos de programação para a web, nomeadamente PHP e Javascript. Requereu igualmente a criação de um website para a centralização e disponibilização dos serviços, este foi elaborado com base em Joomla. Assim, disponibiliza-se à comunidade académica, e não só, um conjunto de serviços digitais para o estudo, com base em fotografia, das alterações na paisagem em Trás-os-Montes. O website pode ser acedido em http://esa.ipb.pt/digitalandscape/.

A Research Report submitted to the Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science. Johannesburg, 2016.
Countries around the world are recognising the importance of geospatial data in answering questions related to spatially varying industries such as mining activities (ongoing and discontinued). This is becoming increasingly evident with countries such as Canada, Australia, and the United Kingdom working towards establishing Abandoned Mine Lands (AML) inventories. However, the increasing need for data on mining activities is not paralleled by an increase in the availability of such data. The aim of this research therefore is to design a database for accessing historical and current geospatial data that can be used to support research, environmental management efforts as well as support decision making at all levels. A user needs survey was conducted. Two sampling methods were employed, convenient sampling and snowball sampling method. The convenient sampling method was used mostly with all the WDMP group members and the latter was employed with the respondents from institutions and organisations outside of the university respectively. The data were then categorised so as to make analysis easier and data could be evaluated on the same basis. An evaluation of the data collected showed that although the WDMP required different types of data (spatial and non- spatial) the data feed into each other and as such it is important that there is a central repository in which to store them. Furthermore investigation also shows that there is a wealth of data on current mining activities, but not so much on historical mining activities. Although data on mining activities exists, accessibility to these data is hindered by various factors such as copyright infringements, data costs, discrepancies in the data request process. The outcome of this research has been that of a physical database PostgreSQL database (PostGIS) and one mounted on an online platform (GeoServer). The databases can be visualised on PostgreSQL using select statements or visualisation through establishing a connection with QGIS, alternatively the database may be accessed on GeoServer. The database is expected to be of use to at least all members of the Wits Digital Mine Project (WDMP) and stakeholders involved in the project. The database can be used for baseline studies and also as a basis for the framework used to analyse, remedy as well as predict future challenges in the mining industry. Moreover, the database can act as a central repository for all data produced from the WDMP.
LG2017

Dissertação de mestrado em Informatics Engineering
We are now living in a digital world where almost anything, or something is saved somewhere with very few considerations for determining if that was in fact relevant to be saved or not. Hence, it is predictable that most information systems are facing an information management problem. To overcome this issue, it is vital the creation of new and more specific data management techniques that will enforce the established governance policies and manage the information systems in order to maintain their ideal performance and quality. Currently, a solution that is able to cope with this problem efficiently is “pure digital gold”, especially for the biggest players that have to handle an astonishing amount of data, which needs to be properly managed. Nevertheless, this is a problem of general interest for any database administration, because even if shrinking the dimension of the information is not a major concern in some cases, the data assessment efficiency and its quality assurance are certainly two subjects of great interest for any system administrator. This work tackles the data management problem with a proposal for a solution that uses machine learning techniques and other methods, trying to understand in an intelligent manner the data in a database, according to its relevance for their users. Thus, identifying what is really important to who uses the system and being able to distinguish it from the rest of the data, is a great way for creating new and efficient measures for managing data in an information system. Through this, it is possible to improve the quality of what is kept in the database as well as increase, or at least try to ensure, system performance. Basically, what its users expect from it throughout its lifetime.
Estamos a viver num mundo digital onde praticamente tudo que alguém ou algo faça é capturado e guardado em algum sítio, com muito pouca consideração que determine se esse evento é ou não relevante para ser guardado. Como tal, é previsível que grande parte dos sistemas de informação tenha, ou venha a ter, um problema de gestão de informação no futuro. Isto obriga a que sejam criados novos tipos de técnicas de gestão de dados mais eficientes e específicos para cada caso, que sejam capazes de governar os sistemas de forma a assegurar o desempenho e qualidade desejados. Atualmente, uma solução capaz de lidar com este problema eficientemente nos tempos que correm é “ouro digital”, especialmente para os grandes intervenientes neste domínio que têm de lidar com uma quantidade exorbitante de dados e que, por sua vez, precisam de ser devidamente geridos. Apesar disso, este é um problema de interesse global para qualquer equipa de administração de bases de dados, porque mesmo que a diminuição da dimensão da base de dados não seja uma preocupação fulcral para certos casos, o eficiente acesso e a qualidade dos dados existentes numa base de dados serão sempre dois assuntos de grande preocupação para qualquer administrador de sistemas. Neste trabalho, é investigado o problema da gestão de dados através de uma proposta de solução, na qual através de técnicas de machine learning, tenta com inteligência perceber, aprender e classificar os dados em qualquer base de dados, de acordo com a sua relevância para os utilizadores. Identificar o que realmente é importante para quem usa o sistema e ser capaz de distinguir esta informação da restante, é uma excelente forma para se criarem novas e eficientes medidas de gestão de dados em qualquer sistema de informação. Assim, certamente, irá aumentar a qualidade de tudo o que é mantido no mesmo, bem como aumentar, ou pelo menos tentar assegurar, que o desempenho do sistema é o esperado pelos utilizadores.

碩士
國立成功大學
都市計劃研究所
82
Historic preservation is the most important part of culture access preservation. Although the history of Taiwan is only about 300 years from 1662 A.D till today,there are very his- tory sites worth preserving.History sites are the closest to us in all culture access. Itself is a live history. To pre- serve historic sites can transfer seed of culture and histo- ry. Let our descendants love the land and our country. The work of historic preservation must depend on the effort of the government and the knowing of the populace.If we can let the government and the populace find the datum what they need, it must be helpful to the management of the government and the knowing of the populace. The purpose of strengthen the education of mainlend culture may be come ture. This is also the purpose of my study to build a database system. In my database system,the structure of programs including three parts. The first is "Historic general situation", it provides basic and important datum of historic sites. The second is " Historical relics", it provides the substance of historical relics in the class of temple.The last is "Help",it provides the method of how to use the database system and other help- ful messages in reading the datum.By the result of my study, I want to suggest the department of managing historic sites must update the data in regular interval, it can strengthen the ability of government to manage historic sites.the other suggest is fixing the database system in all culture edu- cation places providing to the populace,let them use and in- dex data easily and conveniently.

碩士
樹德科技大學
建築與古蹟維護研究所
92
This research is intent to combine historic preservation with information technology (IT). The main task of historic preservation is on the daily maintenance. However, there is no sufficient manpower and no capable management personnel either in the historic management institutions; therefore, lots of historic buildings are lack of maintenance. The purpose of this research is to construct a series of tools which include the Historic Building Survey Record, the Personal Digital Assistant (PDA) Survey Program and the Back-End DataBase Management System (DBMS), they will be used for the survey and management of historic buildings. In the establishment of a new checklist herein is to improve the existing ones, and it shall apply to all kinds of historic buildings in Taiwan. PDA has the character of easy-to-carry and simple-to-use. In order to digitize the Record as mentioned above, this research is to follow system development life cycle (SDLC) and to use Microsoft Visual Studio.NET to develop the PDA Program. The trained historic management personnel and professionals will be the Program users. The DataBase Management System is able to well manage the data file created by the PDA Survey Program. Following the analysis of the management requirements, this research adopts the Microsoft Access Design DataBase Management System. The historic management institutions will be the System users. As the implementation of the previously mentioned tools, the historic management personnel will be able to utilize the PDA Program to perform the investigation and evaluation for the historic buildings according to the items as shown on the checklist. After the created data file has been imported into the data base system, the management institution personnel can be fully aware of the daily maintenance situation by using the “search” and the “old-new file comparison” engines. If the building situation becomes unusual, a repair project should be planned as soon as possible in order to prevent further deterioration.