Bibliografie tematiche / Hindgut microbiota

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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Hindgut microbiota"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 16 novembre 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Hindgut microbiota"

Maes, Patrick W., Amy S. Floyd, Brendon M. Mott e Kirk E. Anderson. "Overwintering Honey Bee Colonies: Effect of Worker Age and Climate on the Hindgut Microbiota". Insects 12, n. 3 (5 marzo 2021): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects12030224.

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Honey bee overwintering health is essential to meet the demands of spring pollination. Managed honey bee colonies are overwintered in a variety of climates, and increasing rates of winter colony loss have prompted investigations into overwintering management, including indoor climate controlled overwintering. Central to colony health, the worker hindgut gut microbiota has been largely ignored in this context. We sequenced the hindgut microbiota of overwintering workers from both a warm southern climate and controlled indoor cold climate. Congruently, we sampled a cohort of known chronological age to estimate worker longevity in southern climates, and assess age-associated changes in the core hindgut microbiota. We found that worker longevity over winter in southern climates was much lower than that recorded for northern climates. Workers showed decreased bacterial and fungal load with age, but the relative structure of the core hindgut microbiome remained stable. Compared to cold indoor wintering, collective microbiota changes in the southern outdoor climate suggest compromised host physiology. Fungal abundance increased by two orders of magnitude in southern climate hindguts and was positively correlated with non-core, likely opportunistic bacteria. Our results contribute to understanding overwintering honey bee biology and microbial ecology and provide insight into overwintering strategies.

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Tinker, Kara A., e Elizabeth A. Ottesen. "The Core Gut Microbiome of the American Cockroach, Periplaneta americana, Is Stable and Resilient to Dietary Shifts". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 82, n. 22 (2 settembre 2016): 6603–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.01837-16.

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ABSTRACTThe omnivorous cockroachPeriplaneta americanahosts a diverse hindgut microbiota encompassing hundreds of microbial species. In this study, we used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to examine the effect of diet on the composition of theP. americanahindgut microbial community. Results show that the hindgut microbiota ofP. americanaexhibit a highly stable core microbial community with low variance in compositions between individuals and minimal community change in response to dietary shifts. This core hindgut microbiome is shared between laboratory-hosted and wild-caught individuals, although wild-caught specimens exhibited a higher diversity of low-abundance microbes that were lost following extended cultivation under laboratory conditions. This taxonomic stability strongly contrasts with observations of the gut microbiota of mammals, which have been shown to be highly responsive to dietary change. A comparison ofP. americanahindgut samples with human fecal samples indicated that the cockroach hindgut community exhibited higher alpha diversity but a substantially lower beta diversity than the human gut microbiome. This suggests that cockroaches have evolved unique mechanisms for establishing and maintaining a diverse and stable core microbiome.IMPORTANCEThe gut microbiome plays an important role in the overall health of its host. A healthy gut microbiota typically assists with defense against pathogens and the digestion and absorption of nutrients from food, while dysbiosis of the gut microbiota has been associated with reduced health. In this study, we examined the composition and stability of the gut microbiota from the omnivorous cockroachPeriplaneta americana.We found thatP. americanahosts a diverse core gut microbiome that remains stable after drastic long-term changes in diet. While other insects, notably ant and bee species, have evolved mechanisms for maintaining a stable association with specific gut microbiota, these insects typically host low-diversity gut microbiomes and consume specialized diets. In contrast,P. americanahosts a gut microbiota that is highly species rich and consumes a diverse solid diet, suggesting that cockroaches have evolved unique mechanisms for developing and maintaining a stable gut microbiota.

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Santo Domingo, Jorge W., Michael G. Kaufman, Michael J. Klug e James M. Tiedje. "Characterization of the Cricket Hindgut Microbiota with Fluorescently Labeled rRNA-Targeted Oligonucleotide Probes". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 64, n. 2 (1 febbraio 1998): 752–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.64.2.752-755.1998.

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ABSTRACT Most cricket hindgut microorganisms (60 to 80%) were detected with a universal fluorescent rRNA-targeted probe and found to be eubacteria. Group-specific probes showed that the hindguts of five different cricket species harbor similar bacterial groups, although in different proportions, and that different diets shifted the structure of the hindgut microbial community. The Bacteroides-Prevotellaprobe, of the eight eubacterial probes tested, stained the largest percentage of cells in all crickets.

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Wertz, John T., e John A. Breznak. "Physiological Ecology of Stenoxybacter acetivorans, an Obligate Microaerophile in Termite Guts". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 73, n. 21 (7 settembre 2007): 6829–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.00787-07.

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ABSTRACT Stenoxybacter acetivorans is a newly described, obligately microaerophilic β-proteobacterium that is abundant in the acetate-rich hindgut of Reticulitermes. Here we tested the hypotheses that cells are located in the hypoxic, peripheral region of Reticulitermes flavipes hindguts and use acetate to fuel their O2-consuming respiratory activity in situ. Physical fractionation of R. flavipes guts, followed by limited-cycle PCR with S. acetivorans-specific 16S rRNA gene primers, indicated that cells of this organism were indeed located primarily among the microbiota colonizing the hindgut wall. Likewise, reverse transcriptase PCR of hindgut RNA revealed S. acetivorans-specific transcripts for acetate-activating enzymes that were also found in cell extracts (acetate kinase and phosphotransacetylase), as well as transcripts of ccoN, which encodes the O2-reducing subunit of high-affinity cbb 3-type cytochrome oxidases. However, S. acetivorans strains did not possess typical enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle (isocitrate lyase and malate synthase A), suggesting that they may use an alternate pathway to replenish tricarboxylic acid cycle intermediates or they obtain such compounds (or their precursors) in situ. Respirometric measurements indicated that much of the O2 consumption by R. flavipes worker larvae was attributable to their guts, and the potential contribution of S. acetivorans to O2 consumption by extracted guts was about 0.2%, a value similar to that obtained for other hindgut bacteria examined. Similar measurements obtained with guts of larvae prefed diets to disrupt major members of the hindgut microbiota implied that most of the O2 consumption observed with extracted guts was attributable to protozoans, a group of microbes long thought to be “strict anaerobes.”

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Wang, Lei, Kai Wang, Lirong Hu, Hanpeng Luo, Shangzhen Huang, Hailiang Zhang, Yao Chang et al. "Microbiological Characteristics of the Gastrointestinal Tracts of Jersey and Holstein Cows". Animals 14, n. 21 (1 novembre 2024): 3137. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani14213137.

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The gastrointestinal bacterial microbiota is essential for maintaining the health of dairy cows and ensuring their production potential, and it may also help explain the breed-related phenotypic differences. Therefore, investigating the differences in gastrointestinal bacterial microbiota between breeds is critical for deciphering the mechanisms behind these differences and exploring the potential for improving milk production by regulating the gastrointestinal bacterial microbiota. This study holistically examined the differences between rumen and hindgut bacterial microbiota in a large cohort of two breeds of dairy cows, comprising 184 Jersey cows and 165 Holstein cows. Significant distinctions were identified between the rumen and hindgut bacterial microbiota of dairy cows, with these differences being consistent across breeds. A total of 20 breed-differentiated microorganisms, comprising 14 rumen microorganisms and 6 hindgut microorganisms, were screened, which may be the primary drivers of the observed differences in lactation performance between Jersey and Holstein cows. The present study revealed the spatial heterogeneity of the gastrointestinal bacterial microbiota of Jersey and Holstein cows and identified microbial biomarkers of different breeds. These findings enhance our understanding of the differences in the gastrointestinal bacterial microbiota between Jersey and Holstein cows and may provide useful information for optimizing the composition of the intestinal bacterial microbiota of the two breeds of dairy cows.

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McDermid, Karla J., Ronald P. Kittle, Anne Veillet, Sophie Plouviez, Lisa Muehlstein e George H. Balazs. "Identification of Gastrointestinal Microbiota in Hawaiian Green Turtles (Chelonia mydas)". Evolutionary Bioinformatics 16 (gennaio 2020): 117693432091460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1176934320914603.

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Green turtles ( Chelonia mydas) have a hindgut fermentation digestive tract, which uses cellulolytic microbes to break down plant matter in the cecum and proximal colon. Previous studies on bacterial communities of green turtles have not identified in situ hindgut microbiota, and never before in Hawaiian green turtles, which comprise an isolated metapopulation. Fresh samples using sterile swabs were taken from five locations along the gastrointestinal tracts of eight green turtles that had required euthanization. Bacteria were cultured, aerobically and anaerobically, on nutrient agar and four differential and selective media. Samples at three sections along the gastrointestinal tracts of two green turtles were analyzed using 16S metagenomics on an Ion Torrent Personal Genome Machine. More than half of the 4 532 104 sequences belonged to the phylum Firmicutes, followed by Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, which are characteristic of herbivore gut microbiota. Some microbiota variation existed between turtles and among gastrointestinal sections. The 16S sequence analysis provided a better representation of the total gastrointestinal bacterial community, much of which cannot be cultured using traditional microbial techniques. These metagenomic analyses serve as a foundation for a better understanding of the microbiome of green turtles in the Hawaiian Islands and elsewhere.

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Lemke, Thorsten, Theo van Alen, Johannes H. P. Hackstein e Andreas Brune. "Cross-Epithelial Hydrogen Transfer from the Midgut Compartment Drives Methanogenesis in the Hindgut of Cockroaches". Applied and Environmental Microbiology 67, n. 10 (1 ottobre 2001): 4657–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.67.10.4657-4661.2001.

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ABSTRACT In the intestinal tracts of animals, methanogenesis from CO2 and other C1 compounds strictly depends on the supply of electron donors by fermenting bacteria, but sources and sinks of reducing equivalents may be spatially separated. Microsensor measurements in the intestinal tract of the omnivorous cockroachBlaberus sp. showed that molecular hydrogen strongly accumulated in the midgut (H2 partial pressures of 3 to 26 kPa), whereas it was not detectable (<0.1 kPa) in the posterior hindgut. Moreover, living cockroaches emitted large quantities of CH4 [105 ± 49 nmol (g of cockroach)−1h−1] but only traces of H2. In vitro incubation of isolated gut compartments, however, revealed that the midguts produced considerable amounts of H2, whereas hindguts emitted only CH4 [106 ± 58 and 71 ± 50 nmol (g of cockroach)−1 h−1, respectively]. When ligated midgut and hindgut segments were incubated in the same vials, methane emission increased by 28% over that of isolated hindguts, whereas only traces of H2 accumulated in the headspace. Radial hydrogen profiles obtained under air enriched with H2 (20 kPa) identified the hindgut as an efficient sink for externally supplied H2. A cross-epithelial transfer of hydrogen from the midgut to the hindgut compartment was clearly evidenced by the steep H2 concentration gradients which developed when ligated fragments of midgut and hindgut were placed on top of each other—a configuration that simulates the situation in vivo. These findings emphasize that it is essential to analyze the compartmentalization of the gut and the spatial organization of its microbiota in order to understand the functional interactions among different microbial populations during digestion.

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Xu, Chuanhui, Jianhua Liu, Jianwei Gao, Xiaoyu Wu, Chenbin Cui, Hongkui Wei, Jian Peng e Rong Zheng. "The Effect of Functional Fiber on Microbiota Composition in Different Intestinal Segments of Obese Mice". International Journal of Molecular Sciences 22, n. 12 (18 giugno 2021): 6525. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms22126525.

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The gastrointestinal tract is a heterogeneous ecosystem with distinct, stratified environments, which leads to different microbial composition in different intestinal segments. The regional heterogeneity of intestinal microbiota complicates the relationship between diet and microbiota. Few studies have focused on the effects of different diets on microbiota in different intestinal segments. This study aimed to investigate the effects of functional fiber on the microbial composition in multiple intestinal segments from a high-fat diet compared with a normal chow diet. We found that the response of microbiota from different intestinal segments to diet was related to the intestinal physiologic function and the physicochemical properties of dietary nutrients. A high-fat diet drove changes in the microbial composition in the hindgut, possibly by affecting the digestive environment of the foregut, and increased the regional heterogeneity of the whole intestinal microbiota. The supplementation of functional fiber promoted the microbial transfer and colonization from the anterior to the posterior intestinal segments, and increased the regional similarity of intestinal microbiota accordingly, particularly within the hindgut. The gut fermentation of the functional fiber, which mainly occurred in the hindgut, resulted in a significant change in the microbial composition and metabolism in the cecum and colon, with richer carbohydrate metabolism-related bacteria, including Mucispirillum, Prevotella, Anaerostipes, Oscillospira, Ruminococcus, Bacteroides, Coprococcus, Ruminococcus (Lachnospiraceae), and Allobaculum, and higher production of acetate and butyrate. We concluded that multiple regulatory mechanisms of diets which affect microbiota composition exist, including microbial metabolism, microbial migration, and the regulation of the intestinal environment.

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Fan, Peixin, Corwin D. Nelson, J. Danny Driver, Mauricio A. Elzo, Francisco Peñagaricano e Kwangcheol C. Jeong. "Host genetics exerts lifelong effects upon hindgut microbiota and its association with bovine growth and immunity". ISME Journal 15, n. 8 (1 marzo 2021): 2306–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41396-021-00925-x.

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AbstractThe gut microbiota is a complex ecological community that plays multiple critical roles within a host. Known intrinsic and extrinsic factors affect gut microbiota structure, but the influence of host genetics is understudied. To investigate the role of host genetics upon the gut microbiota structure, we performed a longitudinal study in which we evaluated the hindgut microbiota and its association with animal growth and immunity across life. We evaluated three different growth stages in an Angus-Brahman multibreed population with a graduated spectrum of genetic variation, raised under variable environmental conditions and diets. We found the gut microbiota structure was changed significantly during growth when preweaning, and fattening calves experienced large variations in diet and environmental changes. However, regardless of the growth stage, we found gut microbiota is significantly influenced by breed composition throughout life. Host genetics explained the relative abundances of 52.2%, 40.0%, and 37.3% of core bacterial taxa at the genus level in preweaning, postweaning, and fattening calves, respectively. Sutterella, Oscillospira, and Roseburia were consistently associated with breed composition at these three growth stages. Especially, butyrate-producing bacteria, Roseburia and Oscillospira, were associated with nine single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) located in genes involved in the regulation of host immunity and metabolism in the hindgut. Furthermore, minor allele frequency analysis found breed-associated SNPs in the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) receptor genes that promote anti-inflammation and enhance intestinal epithelial barrier functions. Our findings provide evidence of dynamic and lifelong host genetic effects upon gut microbiota, regardless of growth stages. We propose that diet, environmental changes, and genetic components may explain observed variation in critical hindgut microbiota throughout life.

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Jiao, Anran, Bing Yu, Jun He, Jie Yu, Ping Zheng, Yuheng Luo, Junqiu Luo, Xiangbing Mao e Daiwen Chen. "Short chain fatty acids could prevent fat deposition in pigs via regulating related hormones and genes". Food & Function 11, n. 2 (2020): 1845–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9fo02585e.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Hindgut microbiota"

Mikaelyan, Aram [Verfasser], e Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Brune. "Microhabitat-specificity of the hindgut microbiota in higher termites / Aram Mikaelyan. Betreuer: Andreas Brune". Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1052995004/34.

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He, Shaomei, Natalia Ivanova, Edward Kirton, Martin Allgaier, Claudia Bergin, Rudolf H. Scheffrahn, Nikos C. Kyrpides, Falk Warnecke, Susannah G. Tringe e Philip Hugenholtz. "Comparative Metagenomic and Metatranscriptomic Analysis of Hindgut Paunch Microbiota in Wood- and Dung-Feeding Higher Termites". Uppsala universitet, Limnologi, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-200063.

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Termites effectively feed on many types of lignocellulose assisted by their gut microbial symbionts. To better understand the microbial decomposition of biomass with varied chemical profiles, it is important to determine whether termites harbor different microbial symbionts with specialized functionalities geared toward different feeding regimens. In this study, we compared the microbiota in the hindgut paunch of Amitermes wheeleri collected from cow dung and Nasutitermes corniger feeding on sound wood by 16S rRNA pyrotag, comparative metagenomic and metatranscriptomic analyses. We found that Firmicutes and Spirochaetes were the most abundant phyla in A. wheeleri, in contrast to N. corniger where Spirochaetes and Fibrobacteres dominated. Despite this community divergence, a convergence was observed for functions essential to termite biology including hydrolytic enzymes, homoacetogenesis and cell motility and chemotaxis. Overrepresented functions in A. wheeleri relative to N. corniger microbiota included hemicellulose breakdown and fixed-nitrogen utilization. By contrast, glycoside hydrolases attacking celluloses and nitrogen fixation genes were overrepresented in N. corniger microbiota. These observations are consistent with dietary differences in carbohydrate composition and nutrient contents, but may also reflect the phylogenetic difference between the hosts.

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Laroche, Noémie. "Etude de l’effet de l’alimentation sur les helminthes, le microbiote intestinal et l’immunité du gros intestin du cheval". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024UBFCK034.

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Face au développement accru de souches de strongles résistantes aux anthelminthiques chimiques et aux impacts négatifs de ces derniers sur la santé digestive des chevaux et sur l’environnement, la nécessité de trouver des alternatives de contrôle des infections aux strongles chez le cheval est aujourd’hui un enjeu majeur. L’étude des relations portées par le triptyque helminthes – microbiote – immunité du gros intestin de l’hôte en utilisant l’alimentation comme levier de son équilibre pourrait permettre de développer des solutions naturelles et durables. Cette thèse a étudié les effets directs et indirects (médiés par le microbiote et l’immunité du gros intestin équin) de la modulation de la composition du régime alimentaire du cheval ainsi que de l’inclusion de granulés déshydratés de Sainfoin (Onobrychis Viciifolia), une plante riche en polyphénols, connue pour exercer des propriétés anthelminthiques chez d’autres espèces herbivores. Les résultats ont montré que l’excrétion des œufs de strongles augmentait lorsque les chevaux étaient nourris avec un régime riche en amidon en comparaison d’un régime riche en fibres. En parallèle, une dysbiose du microbiote du gros intestin équin était constatée ce qui suggère un rôle de l’écosystème microbien sur la fertilité des strongles. Dans les différentes études in vivo menées, l’effet anthelminthique des granulés de sainfoin était variable et semblait être influencé par leur composition polyphénoliques. L’étude in vitro de l’effet anthelminthique de plusieurs granulés déshydratés de sainfoin, en parallèle de l’analyse métabolomique de leurs profils en polyphénols a permis de mettre en avnt un profil polyphénolique antiparasitaire d’intérêt. Globalement, les résultats de cette thèse montrent que les interventions nutritionnelles pourraient représenter une bonne alternative de contrôle des infections aux strongles équin, et que nourrir les chevaux avec une alimentation qui préserve l’équilibre du tryptique helminthes – microbiote – immunité pourrait être la première étape clé
With the increasing development of strongyle strains resistant to chemical anthelmintics and their negative impact on the digestive health of horses and the environment, the need to find alternative ways to control strongyle infections in horses is now a key research question. Nutritional adjustments resulting in the maintenance of a stable and healthy intestinal ecosystem, could be a natural and sustainable way to control helminth infections, by promoting host tolerance. This thesis aimed to investigate the direct and indirect effects of modulating the composition of the equine diet and including dehydrated granules of sainfoin (Onobrychis Viciifolia), a polyphenol-rich plant known to have anthelmintic properties in other herbivorous species. The results showed that strongyles egg excretion increased when horses were fed a high starch diet compared to ahigh fiber diet. At the same time, a dysbiosis of the equine colonic microbiota was observed, suggesting indirect effects mediated by the latter. The anthelmintic effect of sainfoin granules was variable and appeared to be influenced by their polyphenolic composition. The study of several dehydrated sainfoin granules in vitro, in parallel with the metabolomic analysis of their polyphenolic profiles, opened the possibility of an antiparasitic polyphenolic profile of interest. In conclusion, the results of this work show that nutritional interventions could be a good alternative for the control of strongyles infections in horses, and that providing horses with a diet that preserves the balance of the helminth-microbiota-immunity tryptic could be the first key step

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Jahnes, Benjamin C. "Host-Microbial Symbiosis Within the Digestive Tract of Periplaneta americana". The Ohio State University, 2020. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1595510199092557.

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Pester, Michael [Verfasser]. "Hydrogen metabolism in the hindgut of lower termites : fluxes of hydrogen-dependent and related processes and identification of the homoacetogenic microbiota / vorgelegt von Michael Pester". 2006. http://d-nb.info/982217463/34.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Hindgut microbiota"

Lammers-Jannink, Kim C. M., Stefanía Magnúsdóttir, Wilbert F. Pellikaan, John Pluske e Walter J. J. Gerrits. "Microbial protein metabolism in the monogastric gastrointestinal tract: a review". In Understanding gut microbiomes as targets for improving pig gut health, 435–66. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19103/as.2021.0089.23.

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Dietary and endogenous protein that become available for the microbiota in the hindgut can be metabolized via different routes. They can become building blocks for the microbial cells or enter different catabolic pathways. Protein degradation via fermentation pathways is seen as a non-preferred route as it results in the formation and release of metabolites that can interfere with biological systems in the host and can have deleterious outcomes. Reducing protein fermentation and guiding the metabolism towards less toxic end-products might be possible targets for improving host health. To do so, more knowledge on factors manipulating the process of microbial protein metabolism, including on substrate availability, microbial composition and segmental differences in the hindgut, is required.

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Torrallardona, David, Joan Tarradas e Núria Tous. "The use of exogenous enzymes to optimize gut function in pigs". In Understanding gut microbiomes as targets for improving pig gut health, 285–338. Burleigh Dodds Science Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19103/as.2021.0089.13.

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Exogenous enzymes are used in pig diets to improve the availability and digestibility of some non-accessible nutrients. As result of this enhanced digestion, short fragments of these molecules may become available in the distal foregut and the hindgut and modulate microbiota composition, gut barrier integrity, and overall animal health. This chapter reviews the effects of different exogenous enzymes (carbohydrases, phytases, proteases and lipases) on nutrient digestibility, gut microbial ecology, and barrier function and immunity of pigs at different ages (sows, weaned piglets, growing/fattening pigs). Exogenous enzymes are usually included into feeds as blends so they can complement each other’s activities and further improve the accessibility to non-digestible structures. Exogenous enzymes used in feed manufacturing for more than 30 years, initially to improve the digestive function of non-digestible nutrients (i.e. fibre, phytic acid, etc.), more recently other indirect actions on the regulation of gut microbiota and gut health have gained interest.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Hindgut microbiota"

Weinert, J. R., e C. A. Williams. "The Hindgut Microbiome of Grazing Horses". In XXV International Grassland Congress. Berea, KY 40403: International Grassland Congress 2023, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.52202/071171-0350.

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