Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "High voltage electric field"

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "High voltage electric field":

1

Lee, Gunbok, Jeong-Yeon Kim, Gildong Kim e Jae Hee Kim. "Surface-Integrated Electric Field Sensor for the Detection of High-Voltage Power Lines". Sensors 21, n. 24 (13 dicembre 2021): 8327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21248327.

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When a drone is used for inspection of facilities, there are often cases in which high-voltage power lines interfere, resulting in the drone being caught or falling. To prevent this type of incident, drones must be capable of detecting high-voltage power lines. Typically, a strong electric field is formed around the high-voltage lines. To detect the electric fields around high-voltage lines, this study proposes an electric field sensor that may be integrated within the body of a drone. In a laboratory environment, a voltage of 25 kV was applied to an overhead line, and the induced voltage in the proposed sensor was measured at various electric field intensities. Over an electric field range of 0.5 to 10.1 kV/m, a voltage of 0 to 0.77 V was measured with each proposed sensor. In addition, the electric field and the voltage induced in the sensor were measured in a real-world railway environment with overhead lines. Under these conditions, the proposed sensor has the compensated value of 4.5 when the measured electric field was 4.05 kV/m. Therefore, the proposed sensor may be applied in drones to measure large electric fields and to detect the presence of high-voltage lines in its vicinity.
2

Daus, Yulia V., Nikolai N. Romaniuk, Valery A. Eviev, Igor V. Yudaev e Amina N. Badrudinova. "Study of variants of pre-sowing preparation of melon seeds in high voltage electric fields". BIO Web of Conferences 103 (2024): 00064. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/bioconf/202410300064.

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The research was conducted to study the influence of electrophysical effects on melon seeds and their development, as well as to identify the most effective variant of pre-sowing stimulation and treatment mode. As an agro-technological task, we evaluated the possibility of realising the development potential inherent in the seeds of melon plants, which could be realised using electrical stimulation, with minimal negative impact on the ecology of the environment. To study the effect of high voltage electric fields (DC, AC, pulse) on gourd seeds before sowing, a specially assembled setup was used. Treatment of pumpkin seeds in the electric field of constant high voltage showed that on the 3rd day there were 100% of germinated seeds, in the electric field of variable high voltage – 50%, in the electric field of pulsed high voltage – 30%, pumpkin seedling in the treatment in the electric field of constant high voltage was longer in 9.0 and 3.6 times than in the control and other treatments; treatment of watermelon seeds in the electric field of constant high voltage showed that on the 3rd day there were 70 % of germinated seeds, in the electric field of variable high voltage – 20 %, in the electric field of pulse high voltage – 40 %; watermelon germ at treatment of seeds in the electric field of constant high voltage was longer in 1,5…2,0 times than in the control and other treatments.2.0 times longer than in other treatments. High effect on the destruction of pathogenic microorganisms was observed when seeds were treated in the electric field of pulsed high voltage – the number of pathogenic microorganisms on the seed coat of watermelon and pumpkin was 4.25 and 4.1 times lower compared to the control; when treated in the electric field of constant high voltage, their number was also 3.0 times less, but the treatment of seeds in the electric field of alternating high voltage recorded an increase in pathogenic microflora in 2.0 and 1.2 times. The highest yields of watermelon and pumpkin were obtained with pre-sowing seed treatment in the electric field of constant high voltage – by 25.5 and 37.8 %; in the field of alternating voltage – by 15.7 and 27.0 %; in the field of pulse voltage – by 9.8 and 5.4 %.
3

Li, Li, Qi Li, Shuxin Xu, Rui Liu, Manling Dong, Si Ying, Jieyuan Tian, Wanpeng Xin, Manu Haddad e Xingliang Jiang. "Electric Field Improvement for High-Voltage Bushings". Polymers 15, n. 1 (22 dicembre 2022): 40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym15010040.

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Resin-impregnated paper (RIP) bushing has gained significant interest due to its extended application in Extra High Voltage (EHV) and Ultra High Voltage (UHV) electricity transmission systems. However, the design criterion of its overall structure, the geometry parameters of the condenser layers, and stress release devices, etc., are still not fully understood. This article proposes a unique electric field optimization technique to integrate both the analytical and the numerical methods. The charge simulation method (CSM) is employed to create the overall equipotential surface, within which the finite element analysis (FEA) is adapted to study the localized field enhancement effects, taking into consideration the multi-physics coupled fields. A case study is performed on an actual UHV bushing. The results are compared to the traditional methods, to demonstrate the benefit of the hybrid method.
4

Ashraf Balametov, Ashraf Balametov, e Tarana Isaeva Tarana Isaeva. "SOFTWARE FOR MONITORING AC CORONA EFFECTS OF OVERHEAD LINES". PAHTEI-Procedings of Azerbaijan High Technical Educational Institutions 20, n. 09 (14 settembre 2022): 04–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.36962/pahtei20092022-04.

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The issues of environmental impact of high-voltage transmission lines are becoming relevant in connection with the development of electrical networks of high voltage 110, 220, 330 kV, extra-high voltage (EHV) 500-750 kV and ultra-high voltage 1150 kV. The harmful effect of electric and magnetic fields on living organisms and, first of all, on humans, manifests itself only at very high voltages in the wires of the overhead line (OH) phases, and is dangerous when working under voltage. The direct influence of the electromagnetic field of lines on a person is associated with an effect on the cardiovascular, central nervous systems and other organs. The harmful effects of a person's stay in a strong electric field depend on the strength of the field and on the duration of its exposure. Software has been developed for modeling electromagnetic compatibility, characteristics of power losses to the corona from the voltage impact on the environment. The results of simulation of corona losses are presented on the example of a 500 kV overhead line, electric field voltage and active energy losses due to radio interference. Keywords: environmental impact, overhead power lines, electric field strength, corona losses, radio interference, acoustic noise, electromagnetic compatibility
5

Kulkarni, G. A., e W. Z. Gandhare. "Prediction of Electromagnetic Fields around High Voltage Transmission Lines". Acta Technica Jaurinensis 10, n. 1 (6 marzo 2017): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14513/actatechjaur.v10.n1.414.

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The electric and magnetic fields are present around the High Voltage Transmisssion Lines (HVTL) and reported to affect health of the workers working on these hotlines. The key parameter reportedly responsible for detrimental health effects, are internal induced fields in body. Induction of internal fields in different organs is heavily dependent on the external fields. Prediction of hazardous levels of external fields before measurement or in situations difficult for direct measurement will lead to identify the restrictive situations and working conditions for hotline workers. This work propose a method to model electric and magnetic field for different climbing routes using hybrid technique, formed by combining support vector machine (SVM) and neural network (NN) and also electric field and magnetic field values are predicted using NN for increase in tower height. The result shows the performance of proposed method for prediction of electric field and magnetic field for increase in tower height.
6

Gao, You Hua, Guo Wei Liu, Yan Bin Li e You Feng Gao. "Study on Electric Field Characteristics of Converter Transformer on Valve Side Winding". Applied Mechanics and Materials 130-134 (ottobre 2011): 1413–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.130-134.1413.

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Numerical calculation model with compound insulation of transient electric field is given. The insulation is more prominent due to complication for voltage applied on valve side winding of the converter transformer. So the simplied structure for electric calculation on the valve side winding of the converter transformer is established. The electric field distribution characteristics on the valve side winding of the converter transformer is analyzed and electric fields in different resistivity and permittivity are calculated under AC high voltage, DC high voltage, AC superimposed DC voltage, polarity reversal voltage. The maximum electric field intensity is calculated and analyzed under kinds of high voltage. Some important influence factors for electric field distribution are also discussed in this paper.
7

Yu, Mengting, Jingang Wang, Jun Ma, Hu Peng e Lan Xiong. "Research on Non-contact Voltage Transducer for High-Voltage Transmission Lines Based on Inverse Problem of Electric Field". International Journal of Emerging Electric Power Systems 15, n. 2 (1 aprile 2014): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijeeps-2012-0060.

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Abstract A new method to measure the voltage in a grid has been proposed based on the studies of a novel electronic voltage transducer for the high-voltage power transmission equipment using the charge induction principle and electromagnetic computing method. The voltage measuring method has been improved, the real-time electric field position and orientation near the high-voltage transmission lines has been measured and the real-time voltage has been calculated by computing the electric field inverse problem. According to the electric field simulation with test data, the data compensation and calibration calculation were carried out. With the rapid engineering method on computing voltage, a non-contact electronic voltage transducer has been developed. First, we did the confirmatory test of the electric field detection and designed the preliminary model of the sensor. By the contrast test of voltage detection, the sensor was able to realize the voltage detection, but the precision was not high enough. Next, the measuring mechanism of the voltage transducer was analyzed taking account of strong interference from electromagnetic field, electric field distortion, changes in temperature and humidity, and impact between adjacent electric fields and conductor galloping. The measuring accuracy was satisfied by data compensation.
8

He, Xiaoke, Yushuai Ruan e Weishu Wang. "Three-Dimensional Transient Electric Field Characteristics of High Pressure Electrode Boilers". Electronics 13, n. 9 (23 aprile 2024): 1615. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics13091615.

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An uneven electric field during the operation of an electrode boiler will lead to the emergence of a high field strength area and low field strength area in the furnace, which will endanger the safe and reliable operation and heating efficiency of the electrode boiler. A numerical study of three-dimensional transient electric field distribution characteristics in a 10 kV high-voltage electrode boiler was carried out. The distribution characteristics of the global electric field of the electrode boiler under the nominal voltage of 10 kV were studied, and the distribution law of the electric field of the electrode boiler under poor power quality, such as different bus voltage and three-phase voltage imbalance, was explored. The results show that the electric field distribution characteristics of the three-phase transient are more obvious in the section closer to the electrode disc, and the electric field distribution is the most uniform in the section that is 1.4 m away from the furnace water. In the case of poor power quality, such as different bus voltage and three-phase voltage imbalance, the points of the maximum electric field intensity of the four surfaces change periodically with time, and the greater the bus voltage fluctuation, the more severe the impact on the transient electric field. The three-phase voltage imbalance will shift the peak value of the electric field intensity. The decrease or offset of electric field intensity in the electrode boiler caused by poor power quality will directly affect its heating efficiency. The electric field simulation results have a specific reference value for improving the internal electric field distribution and on-site operation and maintenance of the electrode boiler.
9

Deng, Shilong, Zhiwei Gao, Jing Xu, Guoqing Wang, Yu Bai e Changjiang Ding. "The Thawing Characteristic of Frozen Tofu under High-Voltage Alternating Electric Field". Journal of Food Quality 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/3914074.

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To systematically and comprehensively investigate the high voltage alternating electric field (HVAEF) thawing processing, we investigated the high-voltage electric field thawing characteristic of the frozen tofu at different voltages for alternating current (AC). The thawing time, thawing loss of frozen tofu, and specific energy consumption (SEC) of HVEF system were measured. Seven different mathematical models were then compared to simulate thawing time curves based on root mean square error, reduced mean square of deviation, and modeling efficiency. The results showed that the thawing rate of frozen tofu was notably greater in the high-voltage electric field system when compared to control. Both Linear and Quadratic models were the best mathematical models. Therefore, this work presents a facile and effective strategy for experimentally and theoretically determining the HVAEF thawing properties of frozen tofu.
10

Syasko, V. A., S. S. Golubev e A. S. Musikhin. "THE IMPROVEMENT OF THE HIGH VOLTAGE TESTING METHOD". Kontrol'. Diagnostika, n. 258 (dicembre 2019): 4–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14489/td.2019.12.pp.004-014.

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The high voltage spark testing method of protective dielectric coatings is applied in almost all manufacture areas and is governed by ISO, ASTM etc. However, all of it doesn’t pay proper attention to high voltage forming (DC or AC) and its polarity relative to electrode, influence of environment and electric field inhomogeneity. In that paper a detailed analysis of air gap breakdown forming processes was given. A dependence of electric field strength on an interelectrode gap length was given for homogeneous and highly inhomogeneous electric fields. It was shown a breakdown voltage of air gaps in highly inhomogeneous field is greatly less than in homogeneous field. Also, it is described the breakdown voltage of air gaps with positive polarity is less then with negative polarity. The possibility coatings testing with a minimum thickness up to 50 m while reducing the testing voltage without reducing the reliability of the results is shown.

Tesi sul tema "High voltage electric field":

1

Bas, Gokcen. "Electric Field Analysis In Stress Controlled High Voltage Cables". Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12605778/index.pdf.

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The terminations and the joints are the basic accessories of the power cables. Power cables require electrical stress control when terminated. Since there are different types of terminations, the analysis should be done to choose the proper method for electric field control problem at the terminations. Throughout this study two different types of termination methods are investigated by using the finite element analysis program (ANSYS): Stress Controlled Termination Model with Deflector and Stress Control Tube (SCT). The results are compared with those obtained for a cable without stress control model termination. The numerical calculations are also compared with the measurements obtained by an experimental model: the electrolytic tank model.
2

Okubo, H., T. Otsuka, K. Kato, N. Hayakawa e M. Hikita. "Electric field optimization of high voltage electrode based on neural network". IEEE, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/6881.

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Mesgarpour, Tousi Maryam. "Electric Field Grading and Electrical Insulation Design for High Voltage, High Power Density Wide Bandgap Power Modules". Diss., Virginia Tech, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/100621.

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The trend towards more and all-electric apparatuses and more electrification will lead to higher electrical demand. Increases in electrical power demand can be provided by either higher currents or higher voltages. Due to "weight" and "voltage" drop, a raise in the current is not preferred; so, "higher voltages" are being considered. Another trend is to reduce the size and weight of apparatuses. Combined, these two trends result in the high voltage, high power density concept. It is expected that by 2030, 80% of all electric power will flow through "power electronics systems". In regards to the high voltage, high power density concept described above, "wide bandgap (WBG) power modules" made from materials such as "SiC and GaN (and, soon, Ga2O3 and diamond)", which can endure "higher voltages" and "currents" rather than "Si-based modules", are considered to be the most promising solution to reducing the size and weight of "power conversion systems". In addition to the trend towards higher "blocking voltage", volume reduction has been targeted for WBG devices. The blocking voltage is the breakdown voltage capability of the device, and volume reduction translates into power density increase. This leads to extremely high electric field stress, E, of extremely nonuniform type within the module, leading to a higher possibility of "partial discharge (PD)" and, in turn, insulation degradation and, eventually, breakdown of the module. Unless the discussed high E issue is satisfactorily addressed and solved, realizing next-generation high power density WBG power modules that can properly operate will not be possible. Contributions and innovations of this Ph.D. work are as follows. i) Novel electric field grading techniques including (a) various geometrical techniques, (b) applying "nonlinear field-dependent conductivity (FDC) materials" to high E regions, and (c) combination of (a) and (b), are developed; ii) A criterion for the electric stress intensity based upon accurate dimensions of a power device package and its "PD measurement" is presented; iii) Guidelines for the electrical insulation design of next-generation high voltage (up to 30 kV), high power density "WBG power modules" as both the "one-minute insulation" and PD tests according to the standard IEC 61287-1 are introduced; iv) Influence of temperature up to 250°C and frequency up to 1 MHz on E distribution and electric field grading methods mentioned in i) is studied; and v) A coupled thermal and electrical (electrothermal) model is developed to obtain thermal distribution within the module precisely. All models and simulations are developed and carried out in COMSOL Multiphysics.
Doctor of Philosophy
In power engineering, power conversion term means converting electric energy from one form to another such as converting between AC and DC, changing the magnitude or frequency of AC or DC voltage or current, or some combination of these. The main components of a power electronic conversion system are power semiconductor devices acted as switches. A power module provides the physical containment and package for several power semiconductor devices. There is a trend towards the manufacturing of electrification apparatuses with higher power density, which means handling higher power per unit volume, leading to less weight and size of apparatuses for a given power. This is the case for power modules as well. Conventional "silicon (Si)-based semiconductor technology" cannot handle the power levels and switching frequencies required by "next-generation" utility applications. In this regard, "wide bandgap (WBG) semiconductor materials", such as "silicon carbide (SiC)"," gallium nitride (GaN)", and, soon, "gallium oxide" and "diamond" are capable of higher switching frequencies and higher voltages, while providing for lower switching losses, better thermal conductivities, and the ability to withstand higher operating temperatures. Regarding the high power density concept mentioned above, the challenge here, now and in the future, is to design compact WBG-based modules. To this end, the extremely nonuniform high electric field stress within the power module caused by the aforementioned trend and emerging WBG semiconductor switches should be graded and mitigated to prevent partial discharges that can eventually lead to breakdown of the module. In this Ph.D. work, new electric field grading methods including various geometrical techniques combined with applying nonlinear field-dependent conductivity (FDC) materials to high field regions are introduced and developed through simulation results obtained from the models developed in this thesis.
4

Loza, Emmanuel. "CASCADED HIGH VOLTAGE CONVERTER WITH VARIABLE CONTROL FOR PULSED ELECTRIC FIELD APPLICATIONS". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2012. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/807.

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Living a sustainable lifestyle while facing increasing population and decreasing natural resources has become one of humanity’s largest challenges. Locating fossil fuels is becoming more difficult while the demand for them to power our societies is ever increasing. Instead of finding more efficient methods of extracting fossil fuels, developing technologies that create renewable substitutes for fossil fuels is now the strategy. Algae biofuel matches fossil fuel performance while also meeting the criteria for renewable energy. The focus now shifts to finding methods for commercially producing algae biofuel. Therefore, the objective of this thesis is to develop a system that provides the flexibility in finding the optimum operating conditions for lysing algae. Lysing is the process of disrupting the cell membrane in order to isolate the cellular components necessary to produce biofuel. The proposed system consists of cascaded power converters that provide a pulse output voltage in order to create a pulsed electric field (PEF) to lyse algae. The proposed system is unique from any known PEF systems because it provides the ability to independently adjust peak voltage, pulse width and frequency of the output voltage. This in turn provides great flexibility in determining optimum pulse voltage at various operating conditions for lysing algae. The system was tested on its ability to control the required variables while maintaining independence from the other variables. The new network was also designed and tested on how well it regulated the specific output waveform under the effects of different load currents as well as variations in the input voltage.
5

Que, Weiguo. "Electric Field and Voltage Distributions along Non-ceramic Insulators". The Ohio State University, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1037387155.

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Fylladitakis, Emmanouil D. "Characterisation of electrohydrodynamic fluid accelerators comprising highly asymmetric high voltage electrode geometries". Thesis, Brunel University, 2015. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/13670.

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Electrohydrodynamics (EHD) is a promising research field with several trending applications. Even though the phenomenon was first observed centuries ago, there is very little research until the middle 20th century, as the mechanisms behind it were very poorly understood. To this date, the majority of research is based on the development of empirical models and the presentation of laboratory experiments. This work begins with an extensive literature review on the phenomenon, clarifying conflicts between researchers throughout the history and listing the findings of the latest research. The literature review reveals that there are very few mathematical models describing even the most important parameters of the EHD fluid flow and most are either empirical or greatly simplified. As such, practical mathematical models for the assessment of all primary performance characteristics describing EHD fluid accelerators (Voltage Potential, Electric Field Intensity, Corona Discharge Current and Fluid Velocity) were developed and are begin presented in this work. These cover all configurations where the emitter faces a plane or another identical electrode and has a cylindrical surface. For configurations where the emitter faces a plane or another identical electrode and has a spherical surface, Corona Discharge Current and Fluid Velocity models have been presented as well. Laboratory experiments and computer simulations were performed and are being thoroughly presented in Chapter 4, verifying the accuracy and usability of the developed mathematical models. The laboratory experiments were performed using two of the most popular EHD electrode configurations - wire-plane and needle-grid. Finally, the findings of this research are being summarized in the conclusion, alongside with suggestions for future research. The step-by-step development of the equipotential lines mathematical model is presented in Appendix A. Appendix B covers the mathematical proof that the proposed field lines model is accurate and that the arcs are perpendicular to the surface of the electrodes and to all of the equipotential lines.
7

Zhou, Churui. "Space charge dynamics in polyethylene under periodical high voltage electric fields". Thesis, University of Southampton, 2017. https://eprints.soton.ac.uk/418005/.

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During the last two decades, space charge has been recognised to be a major factor influencing the electrical performance of cable insulation. A significant amount of work has been carried out to investigate space charge dynamics within polymeric insulation under high voltage direct current (HVDC) fields. Modern charge mapping techniques are adopted to obtain the necessary information about space charge within the insulation. However, the underlying physics of charge transport and the charge trapping characteristics of space charge are not well understood. Employing theoretical modelling based on numerical simulation to analyse the space charge features can provide an insight view into the charge distribution in dielectrics under realistic conditions. This thesis focuses on the analysis of space charge phenomenon within polyethylene insulation under common operating electric fields through both experimental and numerical investigations. An improved pulsed electro‐acoustic system along with a data processing procedure has been developed to investigate space charge in polyethylene under AC and superposed AC and DC voltages. Raman spectra and Attenuated Total Reflectance Fourier‐transform Infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectra are collected to confirm the influences of the magnitudes and frequency of AC fields on the physical characteristics of polyethylene. Evaluation of pure AC and DC voltage tests as specified in the international standard, BS EN 61378‐2:2001, has also been done by comparing the space charge profiles under the real superposed AC and DC voltage and the deduced testing voltages. A numerical simulation model based on bipolar charge transport theory has been developed to analyse space charge phenomenon in polyethylene under periodical complex electric fields. The build‐up of space charge in polyethylene under DC electric fields has been modelled, and the simulation setting has been optimised based on the measured results. The model is also introduced to simulate the charge dynamics under AC and superposed AC and DC fields. The simulation results exhibited good agreement with the measured profiles. Besides, the effects of applied field characteristics (frequency, field magnitude, and field composition) on the charge formation and transportation have also been investigated and using both the experimental and numerical approaches. Furthermore, the numerical model has been further applied to analyse the relationship between space charge phenomenon and electrical breakdown in insulation. It has been found that the different region where breakdown happens caused by different charge dynamics is a significant reason leading the various breakdown strengths of the same material different, under AC and DC voltages. The outcome of this dissertation can aid the fundamental understanding of charge dynamics in the insulating materials under general operating high voltage electric fields.
8

Bloom, Matthew Anthony. "DC, RF, and Thermal Characterization of High Electric Field Induced Degradation Mechanisms in GaN-on-Si High Electron Mobility Transistors". DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2013. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/966.

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Gallium Nitride (GaN) high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) are becoming increasingly popular in power amplifier systems as an alternative to bulkier vacuum tube technologies. GaN offers advantages over other III-V semiconductor heterostructures such as a large bandgap energy, a low dielectric constant, and a high critical breakdown field. The aforementioned qualities make GaN a prime candidate for high-power and radiation-hardened applications using a smaller form-factor. Several different types of semiconductor substrates have been considered for their thermal properties and cost-effectiveness, and Silicon (Si) has been of increasing interest due to a balance between both factors. In this thesis, the DC, RF, and thermal characteristics of GaN HEMTs grown on Si-substrates will be investigated through a series of accelerated lifetime experiments. A figure of merit known as the critical voltage is explored and used as the primary means by which the GaN-on-Si devices are electrically strained. The critical voltage is defined as the specific voltage bias by which a sudden change in device performance is experienced due to a deformation of the target GaN HEMT’s epitaxial structure. Literature on the topic details the inevitable formation of pits and cracks localized under the drain-side of the gate contact that promote electrical degradation of the devices via the inverse piezoelectric effect. Characteristic changes in device performance due to high field strain are recorded and physical mechanisms behind observed degraded performance are investigated. The study assesses the performance of roughly 60 GaN-on-Si HEMTs in four experimental settings. The first experiment investigates the critical voltage of the device in the off-state mode of operation and explores device recovery post-stress. The second experiment analyzes alterations in DC and RF performance under varying thermal loads and tracks the dependence of the critical voltage on temperature. The third experiment examines electron trapping within the HEMTs as well as detrapping methodologies. The final experiment links the changes in RF performance induced by high field strain to the small-signal parameters of the HEMT. Findings from the research conclude the existence of process-dependent defects that originate during the growth process and lead to inherent electron traps in unstressed devices. Electron detrapping due to high electric field stress applied to the HEMTs was observed, potentially localized within the AlGaN layer or GaN buffer of the HEMT. The electron detrapping in turn contributed to drain current recovery and increased unilateral performance of the transistor in the RF regime. Thermal experiments resulted in a positive shift in critical voltage, which enhanced gate leakage current at lower gate voltage drives.
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Fatokun, Folasade Okedoyin. "Corona ions from high voltage powerlines : production, effect on ambient particles, DC electric field and implications on human exposure studies". Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/20714/1/Folasade_Fatokun_Thesis.pdf.

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Powerlines are important in the process of electricity transmission and distribution (T & D) and their essential role in transmitting electricity from the large generating stations to the final consumers cannot be over emphasized. Over the years, an increase in the demand for electrical energy (electricity) has led to the construction and inevitable use of high transmission voltage, sub-transmission voltage and distribution voltage power conducting lines, for the electricity T & D process. Along with this essential role, electricity conductors can also give rise to some electrically related effects such as interference with telecommunication circuits, electric shocks, electromagnetic fields, audible noise, corona ion discharges, etc. The presence of powerline generated corona ions in any ambient air environment can be associated with the local modification of the earth’s natural dc electric field (e-field), while the interactions between these ions and other airborne aerosol particles can be associated with the presence of charged aerosol particles in the environment of the corona ion emitting lines. When considering all the studies conducted to date on the possible direct and indirect effects of high voltage powerlines (HVPLs), of significant interest are those suggesting links between powerlines and some adverse human health effects – with such health effects alleged to be strongest amongst populations directly exposed to HVPLs. However, despite the numerous studies conducted on HVPLs, to date a lack of proper scientific understanding still exist in terms of the physical characterization of the electrical environment surrounding real-world HVPLs - mostly in terms of the entire dynamics of ions and charged particles, as well as the possible links/associations between the different parameters that characterize these electrical environments. Yet, gaining a sound understanding about the electrical environment surrounding energized real-world HVPLs is imperative for the accurate assessment of any possible human exposure or health effects that may be associated with powerlines. The research work presented in this thesis was motivated by the existing gaps in scientific understanding of the possible association between corona ions generated by real-world HVPLs and the production of ambient charged aerosol particles. The aim of this study was to supply some much needed scientific knowledge about the characteristics of the electrical environment surrounding real-world energized HVPLs. This was achieved by investigating the possible effects of corona ions generated by real-world overhead HVPLs on ambient aerosol particle number concentration level, ambient aerosol particle charge concentration level, ambient ion concentration level and the magnitude of the local vertical dc e-field; while also taking into consideration the possible effect of complex meteorological factors (such as temperature, pressure, wind speed wind direction, solar radiation and humidity) on the instantaneous value of these measured parameters, at different powerline sites. The existence of possible associations or links between these various parameters measured in the proximity of the powerlines was statistically investigated using simple linear regression, correlation and multivariate (principal component, factor, classification and regression tree-CART) analysis. The strength of the regression was tested with coefficient of determinations R2, while statistical significance was asserted at the 95 % confidence level. For the powerline sites investigated in this study, both positive and negative polarities of ions were found to be present in the ambient air environment. The presence of these ions was associated with perturbations in the local vertical dc e-field, increased net ambient ion concentrations and net particle charge concentration levels. The mean net ion concentration levels (with a range of 4922 ions cm-3 to -300 ions cm-3) in the ambient environment of these powerlines, were in excess of what was measured in a typical outdoor air (i.e -400 ions cm-3). The mean net particle charge concentration levels (1469 ions cm-3 to -1100 ions cm-3) near the powerlines were also found to be statistically significantly higher than what was obtained for a mechanically ventilated indoor room (-84 ± 49 ions cm-3) and a typical urban outdoor air (-486 ± 34 ions cm-3). In spite of all these measured differences however, the study also indicated that ambient ion concentration as well as its associated effects on ambient particle charge concentration and e-field perturbations gradually decreased with increase in distance from the powerlines. This observed trend provided the physical evidence of the localized effect of real-world HVPL generated corona ions. Particle number concentration levels remained constant (in the order of 103 particles cm-3) irrespective of the powerline site or the sampling distance from the lines. A close observation of the output signals of the sampling instruments used in this study consistently revealed large fluctuations in the instantaneous value of all the measured electrical parameters (i.e. non-periodic extremely high and low negative and positive polarities of ions/charged particles and e-field perturbations was recorded). Although the reason for these observed fluctuations is not particularly known at this stage, and hence in need of further investigations, it is however being hypothesized that, since these fluctuations appear to be characteristic of the highly charged environment surrounding corona ion emitting electrical infrastructures, they may be suggestive of the possibility that the release of corona ions by ac lines are not necessarily in the form of a continuous flow of ions. The results also showed that statistically significant correlations (R2 = 74 %, P < 0.05) exists between the instantaneous values of the ground-level ambient ion and the ground-level ambient particle charge concentration. This correlation is an indication of the strong relationship/association that exists between these two parameters. Lower correlations (R2 = 3.4 % to 9 %, P < 0.05) were however found to exist between the instantaneous values of the vertical dc e-field and the ground-level ambient particle charge concentration. These suggest that e-field measurements alone may not necessarily be a true indication of the ground-level ambient ion and particle charge concentration levels. Similarly, low statistical correlations (R2 = 0.2 % to 1.0 %, P < 0.05) were also found to exist between the instantaneous values of ambient aerosol particle charge concentration and ambient ultrafine (0.02 to 1 μm sized) aerosol particle number concentration. This low level of correlations suggests that the source contribution of aerosol particle charge and aerosol particle number concentration into the ambient air environment of the HVPLs were different. In terms of the implication of human exposure to charged aerosol particles, the results obtained from this study suggests that amongst other factors, exposure to the dynamic mixture of ions and charged particles is a function of : (a) distance from the powerlines; (b) concentration of ions generated by the powerlines; and (c) meteorology - wind turbulence and dispersal rate. In addition to all its significant findings, during this research, a novel measurement approach that can be used in future studies for the simultaneous monitoring of the various parameters characterizing the physical environment of different ion/charged particle emission sources (such as high voltage powerlines, electricity substations, industrial chimney stack, motor vehicle exhaust, etc.) was developed and validated. However, in spite of these significant findings, there is still a need for other future and more comprehensive studies to be carried out on this topic in order to extend the scientific contributions of in this research work.
10

Fatokun, Folasade Okedoyin. "Corona ions from high voltage powerlines : production, effect on ambient particles, DC electric field and implications on human exposure studies". Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/20714/.

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Abstract (sommario):
Powerlines are important in the process of electricity transmission and distribution (T & D) and their essential role in transmitting electricity from the large generating stations to the final consumers cannot be over emphasized. Over the years, an increase in the demand for electrical energy (electricity) has led to the construction and inevitable use of high transmission voltage, sub-transmission voltage and distribution voltage power conducting lines, for the electricity T & D process. Along with this essential role, electricity conductors can also give rise to some electrically related effects such as interference with telecommunication circuits, electric shocks, electromagnetic fields, audible noise, corona ion discharges, etc. The presence of powerline generated corona ions in any ambient air environment can be associated with the local modification of the earth’s natural dc electric field (e-field), while the interactions between these ions and other airborne aerosol particles can be associated with the presence of charged aerosol particles in the environment of the corona ion emitting lines. When considering all the studies conducted to date on the possible direct and indirect effects of high voltage powerlines (HVPLs), of significant interest are those suggesting links between powerlines and some adverse human health effects – with such health effects alleged to be strongest amongst populations directly exposed to HVPLs. However, despite the numerous studies conducted on HVPLs, to date a lack of proper scientific understanding still exist in terms of the physical characterization of the electrical environment surrounding real-world HVPLs - mostly in terms of the entire dynamics of ions and charged particles, as well as the possible links/associations between the different parameters that characterize these electrical environments. Yet, gaining a sound understanding about the electrical environment surrounding energized real-world HVPLs is imperative for the accurate assessment of any possible human exposure or health effects that may be associated with powerlines. The research work presented in this thesis was motivated by the existing gaps in scientific understanding of the possible association between corona ions generated by real-world HVPLs and the production of ambient charged aerosol particles. The aim of this study was to supply some much needed scientific knowledge about the characteristics of the electrical environment surrounding real-world energized HVPLs. This was achieved by investigating the possible effects of corona ions generated by real-world overhead HVPLs on ambient aerosol particle number concentration level, ambient aerosol particle charge concentration level, ambient ion concentration level and the magnitude of the local vertical dc e-field; while also taking into consideration the possible effect of complex meteorological factors (such as temperature, pressure, wind speed wind direction, solar radiation and humidity) on the instantaneous value of these measured parameters, at different powerline sites. The existence of possible associations or links between these various parameters measured in the proximity of the powerlines was statistically investigated using simple linear regression, correlation and multivariate (principal component, factor, classification and regression tree-CART) analysis. The strength of the regression was tested with coefficient of determinations R2, while statistical significance was asserted at the 95 % confidence level. For the powerline sites investigated in this study, both positive and negative polarities of ions were found to be present in the ambient air environment. The presence of these ions was associated with perturbations in the local vertical dc e-field, increased net ambient ion concentrations and net particle charge concentration levels. The mean net ion concentration levels (with a range of 4922 ions cm-3 to -300 ions cm-3) in the ambient environment of these powerlines, were in excess of what was measured in a typical outdoor air (i.e -400 ions cm-3). The mean net particle charge concentration levels (1469 ions cm-3 to -1100 ions cm-3) near the powerlines were also found to be statistically significantly higher than what was obtained for a mechanically ventilated indoor room (-84 ± 49 ions cm-3) and a typical urban outdoor air (-486 ± 34 ions cm-3). In spite of all these measured differences however, the study also indicated that ambient ion concentration as well as its associated effects on ambient particle charge concentration and e-field perturbations gradually decreased with increase in distance from the powerlines. This observed trend provided the physical evidence of the localized effect of real-world HVPL generated corona ions. Particle number concentration levels remained constant (in the order of 103 particles cm-3) irrespective of the powerline site or the sampling distance from the lines. A close observation of the output signals of the sampling instruments used in this study consistently revealed large fluctuations in the instantaneous value of all the measured electrical parameters (i.e. non-periodic extremely high and low negative and positive polarities of ions/charged particles and e-field perturbations was recorded). Although the reason for these observed fluctuations is not particularly known at this stage, and hence in need of further investigations, it is however being hypothesized that, since these fluctuations appear to be characteristic of the highly charged environment surrounding corona ion emitting electrical infrastructures, they may be suggestive of the possibility that the release of corona ions by ac lines are not necessarily in the form of a continuous flow of ions. The results also showed that statistically significant correlations (R2 = 74 %, P < 0.05) exists between the instantaneous values of the ground-level ambient ion and the ground-level ambient particle charge concentration. This correlation is an indication of the strong relationship/association that exists between these two parameters. Lower correlations (R2 = 3.4 % to 9 %, P < 0.05) were however found to exist between the instantaneous values of the vertical dc e-field and the ground-level ambient particle charge concentration. These suggest that e-field measurements alone may not necessarily be a true indication of the ground-level ambient ion and particle charge concentration levels. Similarly, low statistical correlations (R2 = 0.2 % to 1.0 %, P < 0.05) were also found to exist between the instantaneous values of ambient aerosol particle charge concentration and ambient ultrafine (0.02 to 1 μm sized) aerosol particle number concentration. This low level of correlations suggests that the source contribution of aerosol particle charge and aerosol particle number concentration into the ambient air environment of the HVPLs were different. In terms of the implication of human exposure to charged aerosol particles, the results obtained from this study suggests that amongst other factors, exposure to the dynamic mixture of ions and charged particles is a function of : (a) distance from the powerlines; (b) concentration of ions generated by the powerlines; and (c) meteorology - wind turbulence and dispersal rate. In addition to all its significant findings, during this research, a novel measurement approach that can be used in future studies for the simultaneous monitoring of the various parameters characterizing the physical environment of different ion/charged particle emission sources (such as high voltage powerlines, electricity substations, industrial chimney stack, motor vehicle exhaust, etc.) was developed and validated. However, in spite of these significant findings, there is still a need for other future and more comprehensive studies to be carried out on this topic in order to extend the scientific contributions of in this research work.

Libri sul tema "High voltage electric field":

1

Sturman, John C. High-voltage, high-power, solid-state remote power controllers for aerospace applications. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 1985.

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2

Sturman, John C. High-voltage, high-power, solid-state remote power controllers for aerospace applications. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 1985.

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3

Sturman, John C. High-voltage, high-power, solid-state remote power controllers for aerospace applications. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Scientific and Technical Information Branch, 1985.

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4

Z, Andjelic, a cura di. Integral methods for the calculation of electric fields: For application in high voltage engineering. Jülich: Forschungszentrum Jülich, 1992.

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5

McManus, T. Electromagnetic fields from high voltage transmission lines: A report to Mr. Michael Smith, T.D., Minister for Energy. Dublin: Stationery Office, 1988.

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6

Alon, Gad. High voltage stimulation. Chattanooga, Ten: Chattanooga Corp., 1987.

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7

Kuffel, E. High voltage engineering: Fundamentals. 2a ed. Oxford: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2000.

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8

United, States Congress House Committee on Science Space and Technology Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight. EMF and high-voltage power lines: A case study in Michigan : hearing before the Subcommittee on Investigations and Oversight of the Committee on Science, Space, and Technology, U.S. House of Representatives, One Hundred Second Congress, first session, August 6, 1991. Washington: U.S. G.P.O., 1991.

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9

Corporation, Canadian Broadcasting. First edition: High voltage. Montreal: CBC Transcripts, 1986.

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10

Kind, Dieter. High-voltage test techniques. 2a ed. Oxford: Newnes, 2001.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "High voltage electric field":

1

Olevsky, Eugene A., e Dina V. Dudina. "Sintering by High-Voltage Electric Pulses". In Field-Assisted Sintering, 37–87. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-76032-2_3.

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2

Takuma, Tadasu, e Boonchai Techaumnat. "Electric Field in High-Voltage Equipment". In Electric Fields in Composite Dielectrics and their Applications, 71–86. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-90-481-9392-9_5.

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3

DiCapua, Marco S. "High Speed Electric Field and Voltage Measurements". In Fast Electrical and Optical Measurements, 175–221. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-0445-8_8.

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4

Ortega-Rivas, Enrique. "High-Voltage Pulsed Electric Fields". In Food Engineering Series, 275–300. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-2038-5_13.

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5

Löwe, Jens-Michael, Michael Kempf e Volker Hinrichsen. "Mechanical and Electrical Phenomena of Droplets Under the Influence of High Electric Fields". In Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 355–72. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09008-0_18.

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AbstractHigh-voltage composite insulators are specially designed to withstand different environmental conditions to ensure a reliable and efficient electric power distribution and transmission. Especially, outdoor insulators are exposed to rain, snow or ice, which might significantly affect the performance of the insulators. The interaction of sessile water droplets and electric fields is investigated under various boundary conditions. Besides the general behavior of sessile droplets, namely the deformation and oscillation, the inception field strength for partial discharges is examined depending on the droplet volume, strength and frequency of the electric field and the electric charge. Particularly, the electric charge is identified to significantly affect the droplet behavior as well as the partial discharge inception field strength. In addition to ambient conditions, the impact of electric fields on ice nucleation is investigated under well-defined conditions with respect to the temperature and electric field strength. High electric field strengths are identified to significantly promote ice nucleation, especially in case of alternating and transient electric fields. Different influencing factors like the strengths, frequencies and time constants of the electric fields are investigated. Consequently, the performed experiments enhance the knowledge of the behavior of water droplets under the impact of electric fields under various conditions.
6

Carsimamovic, A., A. Mujezinovic, S. Carsimamovic, Z. Bajramovic e M. Kosarac. "Electric Field Calculation on Surface of High-Voltage Transmission Line Conductors". In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems, 941–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-71321-2_79.

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Keller, Reto B. "Decibel". In Design for Electromagnetic Compatibility--In a Nutshell, 23–31. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14186-7_3.

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AbstractThis chapter introduces the topic decibel in a compact form. Decibel is defined as the ratio of two quantities, typically power, voltage, or current. In the field of EMC, the decibel must be understood. One advantage of decibels is that a gain of 10 dB means a gain of 10 dB for current, voltage, and power likewise. This fact helps to prevent misinterpretations and helps to simplify things. This is the main reason why EMC and high-frequency system engineers like to work with decibels.This chapter assumes that values of voltages V [V], currents I [A], power P [W], electric field strengths E [V/m], and magnetic field strength H [A/m] are given as root-mean-square (RMS) values.
8

Gjonaj, Erion, Yun Ouedraogo e Sebastian Schöps. "Modelling of Droplet Dynamics in Strong Electric Fields". In Fluid Mechanics and Its Applications, 107–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-09008-0_6.

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AbstractWe describe a modelling approach for the simulation of droplet dynamics in strong electric fields. The model accounts for electroquasistatic fields, convective and conductive currents, contact angle dynamics and charging effects associated with droplet breakup processes. Two classes of applications are considered. The first refers to the problem of water droplet oscillations on the surface of outdoor high-voltage insulators. The contact angle characteristics resulting from this analysis provides a measure for the estimation of the electric field inception thresholds for electrical discharges on the surface. The second class of applications consists in the numerical characterization of electrosprays. Detailed simulations confirm the scaling law for the first electrospray ejection and, furthermore, provide insight on the charge-radius characteristics for transient as well as steady state electrosprays.
9

Jahangiri, Tohid, Qian Wang, Filipe Faria da Silva e Claus Leth Bak. "Electric Field Verification by High Voltage Experiments on the Composite Cross-Arm". In Lecture Notes in Electrical Engineering, 119–55. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17843-7_5.

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10

Braicu, Ș. F., L. Czumbil, D. Șteț e D. D. Micu. "Evaluation of the Electric and Magnetic Field near High Voltage Power Lines". In International Conference on Advancements of Medicine and Health Care through Technology; 12th - 15th October 2016, Cluj-Napoca, Romania, 141–46. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-52875-5_32.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "High voltage electric field":

1

Xu, C., M. Xin, J. Gao, Y. Wang, B. Tian, Z. Liu, P. Li, Q. Lv e Z. Han. "Beam structure capacitive electric field sensor". In 22nd International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering (ISH 2021). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/icp.2022.0267.

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2

Ramaswamy, Ramya, e Raja Prabu Ramachandran. "Electric field analysis of different compact electrodes for pulsed electric field applications in liquid food". In 2016 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipmhvc.2016.8012788.

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3

Yu, Junjie, Rong Zeng, Ben Niu e Chanxiao Li. "Electric field measurement under AC/DC". In 2014 International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application (ICHVE). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ichve.2014.7035423.

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4

Xiao, Luo, Yao Chenguo, Mi Yan e Li Chengxiang. "Simulation and Calculation of Electric Field Power on Plasma Membrane Exposed to Steep Pulsed Electric Field". In 2008 International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application (ICHVE). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ichve.2008.4774045.

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5

Bo Zhang, Wenzhuo Wang, Jinliang He, Rong Zeng e Han Yin. "Calibration of field-mill instrument for measuring DC electric field". In 2012 International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application (ICHVE). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ichve.2012.6357031.

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6

Voloshin, Kirill V., Vasiliy V. Titkov e Yuri N. Bocharov. "Electric Field Optimization of High Voltage Electrode". In 2023 Seminar on Fields, Waves, Photonics and Electro-optics: Theory and Practical Applications (FWPE). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fwpe60445.2023.10368516.

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7

Xin, M., C. Xu, J. Zhu, P. Li, B. Tian, Z. Liu e Z. Han. "Micro electric-field sensor based on converse piezoelectric effect". In 22nd International Symposium on High Voltage Engineering (ISH 2021). Institution of Engineering and Technology, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/icp.2022.0425.

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8

Torres, J. "Electric field breakdown at micrometre separations in various media". In 11th International Symposium on High-Voltage Engineering (ISH 99). IEE, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:19990734.

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9

Rogers, G., A. Neuber, L. Hatfield, G. Laity, K. Frank e J. Dickens. "Atmospheric flashover in a symmetric electric field geometry". In 2010 IEEE International Power Modulator and High Voltage Conference (IPMHVC). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ipmhvc.2010.5958293.

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10

Cui, Yingzhe, Chijie Zhuang e Rong Zeng. "Electric field measurements in plasma based on electric field induced second harmonic generation (E-FISH) with nanosecond/picosecond laser". In 2020 IEEE International Conference on High Voltage Engineering and Application (ICHVE). IEEE, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ichve49031.2020.9279856.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "High voltage electric field":

1

Stoffel, J. B., E. D. Pentecost, R. D. Roman e P. A. Traczyk. Electric Power High-Voltage Transmission Lines: Design Options, Cost, and Electric and Magnetic Field Levels. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), novembre 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/10196786.

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2

Koguchi, Yuuji, Koji Yoshida e Hideo Shoji. The Influence of High Voltage Electrical Field on the Flame Propagation. Warrendale, PA: SAE International, ottobre 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2005-32-0074.

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3

Hopper. L30500 Analysis of the Effects of High-Voltage Direct-Current Transmission Systems on Buried Pipelines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), gennaio 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010196.

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Abstract (sommario):
The economics of high voltage direct current for long-distance transmission of electrical energy have been reported as very attractive, to the extent that several projects are in the making. Several reasons other than the savings in transmission costs, for example the exchange of peak power between time zones and seasonal zones, would permit utilities to save on plant investment for generating capacity while maintaining a high level of service. This report summarizes work on the initial phase of a study to determine the effects of high-voltage direct-current (H.V.D.C.) electric transmission lines on buried pipeline systems. Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. initiated this work in response to an anticipated threat posed by the Pacific Northwest-Southwest Intertie H.V.D.C. system now being designed (and other possible H.V.D.C. lines in the future) because of the announced plans to pass direct current through the earth. The objectives of the overall program are:(1) To determine the nature and magnitude of problems that will be created by the earth current from H.V.D.C. systems, and(2) To devise means of protecting pipelines from the effects of such currents. A computer program was written based on a mathematical model of a buried pipeline in the environment created by an H.V.D.C. system. Excellent agreement was obtained between computed soil potential gradients and measurements obtained during a field test of H.V.D.C. in Oregon. Reasonably good agreement was also obtained between measured pipe-to-soil potentials on the Pacific Lighting Gas Supply Company pipeline near Camino, California, and computed values during a field test of H.V.D.C. power transmission.
4

Author, Not Given. Study of electric field and ion effects of HVDC (high voltage direct current) transmission lines: Characterization of the electrical environment beyond the corridor: Final report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), maggio 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6106573.

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5

Eitouni, Hany, Jin Yang, Russell Pratt, Xiao Wang e Ulrik Grape. High-Voltage Solid Polymer Batteries for Electric Drive Vehicles. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), settembre 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1177779.

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6

Erickson, Robert, Dragan Maksimovic, Yucheng Gao, Vivek Sankaranarayanan, Aritra Ghosh, Ercan Dede, Jae Lee, Feng Zhou e Yuching Zhou. A High-Voltage High-Reliability Scalable Architecture for Electric Vehicle Power Electronics - Final Report. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), agosto 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1973830.

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7

Nguyen, Ruby, Mike Severson, Bo Zhang, Bjorn Vaagensmith, Md Rahman, Ange-Lionel Toba, Paige Price, Ryan Davis e Sophie Williams. Electric Grid Supply Chain Review: Large Power Transformers and High Voltage Direct Current Systems. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), febbraio 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1871501.

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Lee, K. H. High-frequency electric field measurement using a toroidal antenna. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), gennaio 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/453462.

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Macholz, Jessica. Auto Recycler Report: Results from a Questionnaire about Processing Electric Vehicles and Handling High-Voltage Batteries. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), febbraio 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2329263.

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FESSLER, KIMBERLY, WILLIS JONES, DALE HITCHCOCK e JAY GAILLARD. FY20 LDRD REPORT: HIGH-SENSITIVITY ELECTRIC FIELD DETECTION BASED ON GAS POLARIZATION. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), ottobre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1673319.

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