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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Heuristic processes"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 31 agosto 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Heuristic processes"

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Özcan, Ender, Mustafa Misir, Gabriela Ochoa e Edmund K. Burke. "A Reinforcement Learning - Great-Deluge Hyper-Heuristic for Examination Timetabling". International Journal of Applied Metaheuristic Computing 1, n. 1 (gennaio 2010): 39–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jamc.2010102603.

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Hyper-heuristics can be identified as methodologies that search the space generated by a finite set of low level heuristics for solving search problems. An iterative hyper-heuristic framework can be thought of as requiring a single candidate solution and multiple perturbation low level heuristics. An initially generated complete solution goes through two successive processes (heuristic selection and move acceptance) until a set of termination criteria is satisfied. A motivating goal of hyper-heuristic research is to create automated techniques that are applicable to a wide range of problems with different characteristics. Some previous studies show that different combinations of heuristic selection and move acceptance as hyper-heuristic components might yield different performances. This study investigates whether learning heuristic selection can improve the performance of a great deluge based hyper-heuristic using an examination timetabling problem as a case study.

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2

Cao, Qianning. "The Availability Heuristic". Communications in Humanities Research 27, n. 1 (1 marzo 2024): 271–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2753-7064/27/20231715.

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Few fields of psychology have undergone such dramatic conceptual changes over the past dozen years as the emerging science of heuristics. Heuristics are effective cognitive processes that consciously or unconsciously ignore part of information. Good heuristics can greatly reduce the time it takes to solve a problem by avoiding some unlikely possibilities, and although heuristic processes tend to find solutions or outcomes that are often valid or correct, they may only be correct, provable, optimal, or accurate sometimes. However, decision making based on heuristics is often sufficient to solve small-scale problems and provide solutions in uncertain situations where complete information is not available. Heuristics rely on shortcuts to provide immediate, efficient and short-term solutions to facilitate timely decision making. People need to understand how cognitive heuristics work in an uncertain world, combined with practical applications or theory, to help analyze the performance and use areas of heuristics, so that they can continue to evolve and improve.

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Cavarretta, Fabrice L. "On the hard problem of selecting bundles of rules: a conceptual exploration of heuristic emergence processes". Management Decision 59, n. 7 (10 maggio 2021): 1598–616. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-09-2019-1322.

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PurposeSo far, the simplicity of heuristics has been mostly studied at the rule level. However, actors' bounded rationality implies that small bundles of rules drive behavior. This study thus conducts a conceptual elaboration around such bundling. This leads to reflections on the various processes of heuristic emergence and to qualifications of the respective characteristics of basic heuristic classes.Design/methodology/approachDetermining which rules – out of many possible ones – to select in one's small bundle constitutes a difficult combinatorial problem. Fortunately, past research has demonstrated that solutions can be found in evolutionary mechanisms. Those converge toward bundles that are somewhat imperfect yet cannot be easily improved, a.k.a., locally optimal bundles. This paper therefore identifies that heuristic bundles can efficiently emerge by social evolutionary mechanisms whereby actors recursively exchange, adopt and perform bundles of rules constitute processes of heuristic emergence.FindingsSuch evolutionary emergence of socially calculated small bundles of heuristics differs from the agentic process by which some simple rule heuristics emerge or from the biological calculation process by which some behavioral biology heuristics emerge. The paper subsequently proceeds by classifying heuristics depending on their emergence process, distinguishing, on the one hand, agentic vs evolutionary mechanisms and, on the other hand, social vs biological encodings. The differences in the emergence processes of heuristics suggest the possibility of comparing them on three key characteristics – timescale, reflectivity and local optimality – which imply different forms of fitness.Research limitations/implicationsThe study proceeds as a conceptual elaboration; hence, it does not provide empirics. At a microlevel, it enables classification and comparison of the largest possible range of heuristics. At a macrolevel, it advocates for further exploration of managerial bundles of rules, regarding both their dynamics and their substantive nature.Practical implicationsIn the field, practitioners are often observed to socially construct their theory of action, which emerges as a bundle of heuristics. This study demonstrates that such social calculations provide solutions that have comparatively good qualities as compared to heuristics emerging through other processes, such as agentic simple rules or instinctive – i.e. behavioral biology – heuristics. It should motivate further research on bundles of heuristics in management practice. Such an effort would improve the ability to produce knowledge fitting the absorptive capacity of practitioners and enhance the construction of normative managerial theories and pedagogy.Social implicationsBundles of rules may also play a crucial role in the emergence of collective action. This study contributes to a performativity perspective whereby theories can become reality. It demonstrates how the construction of a managerial belief system may amount to the launching of a social movement and vice versa.Originality/valueOverall, many benefits accrue from integrating the bundles of rules expressed and exchanged by practitioners under the heuristic umbrella. So far, in management scholarship, such emergent objects have sometimes been interpreted as naïve or as indicative of institutional pressures. By contrast, this study shows that socially calculated bundles may efficiently combine the advantages of individuals' reflective cognitive processes with those provided by massive evolutionary exchanges. In conclusion, the social calculations of small heuristic bundles may constitute a crucial mechanism for the elaboration of pragmatic theories of action.

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Gragson, Ted L. "Heuristic Mapping of Frontier Processes". Field Methods 14, n. 4 (novembre 2002): 368–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152582202237726.

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5

Grodzinsky, Yosef, e Alexander Marek. "Algorithmic and heuristic processes revisited". Brain and Language 33, n. 2 (marzo 1988): 216–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0093-934x(88)90065-x.

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6

Du, Ruibo. "Availability Heuristic: An Overview and Applications". Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 1 (28 novembre 2022): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hbem.v1i.2548.

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Heuristics exist in all individuals, causing irrational and often false conclusions on the frequency and probability of events. With the recognition of behavioral finance theories, this essay includes an overview, applications, and analysis of a particular heuristic, the availability heuristic. It focuses on the potential misjudgment that may result from the availability heuristic, in order to provide an alternative perspective for economic and social issues. This essay may build a better understanding of the availability heuristic for market participants and policymakers; reducing the degree and frequency of misjudgment and human errors in influential decision-making processes.

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Wimsatt, William C. "Heuristics refound". Behavioral and Brain Sciences 23, n. 5 (ottobre 2000): 766–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x00513442.

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Gigerenzer et al.'s is an extremely important book. The ecological validity of the key heuristics is strengthened by their relation to ubiquitous Poisson processes. The recognition heuristic is also used in conspecific cueing processes in ecology. Three additional classes of problem-solving heuristics are proposed for further study: families based on near-decomposability analysis, exaptive construction of functional structures, and robustness.

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Weis, Patrick P., e Eva Wiese. "Speed Considerations Can Be of Little Concern When Outsourcing Thought to External Devices". Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 62, n. 1 (settembre 2018): 14–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931218621004.

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Most research on human cognition has focused on processes “inside the box”. Recently, researchers questioned this monopoly, promoting the relevance of cognitive processing “outside the box”, for instance, when using a GPS to navigate. For processing that is distributed between internal and external resources to work efficiently, humans need good heuristics that help them decide when to use which resource. A novel human-computer-interaction paradigm was employed to explore whether people follow the “minimal memory” heuristic and offload cognitive processing onto external resources whenever possible or the “soft constraint” heuristic and offload cognitive processing only if it is associated with an overall higher speed than internal processing. Participants, despite lower speed, nearly exclusively cognized outside the box, which contradicts the soft constraint heuristic and mostly supports the minimal memory heuristic. Implications for human-technology interaction as well as alternative heuristics relevant for cognitive offloading are discussed.

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Jasper, Fabian, e Tuulia M. Ortner. "The Tendency to Fall for Distracting Information While Making Judgments". European Journal of Psychological Assessment 30, n. 3 (1 gennaio 2014): 193–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1015-5759/a000214.

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Despite much research on thinking biases such as the representativeness, availability, and anchoring heuristics, a psychometrically sound measurement instrument for assessing the degree of heuristic thinking is still missing. Therefore, it was the goal of this study to develop and validate a new test to assess the degree of heuristic thinking associated with three particular thinking heuristics (i.e., the representativeness, availability, and anchoring heuristics). The resulting Objective Heuristic Thinking Test (OHTT) was evaluated with regard to its internal consistency, factor structure, construct validity, and stability in an internet sample (N = 300) and an independent laboratory sample (N = 55). Exploratory factor analyses resulted in three latent factors that represented the three OHTT subscales (i.e., representativeness, availability, and anchoring factors). Results revealed a low to sufficient internal consistency for each of the three scales. Further analyses indicated convergent correlations of the OHTT scales with related constructs such as field-independency. Furthermore, good stability of the test scores was shown. Conclusions are drawn regarding possible future applications of the OHTT as a promising tool for studying the origins of heuristic thinking processes.

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Karakoyun, Gülen Önal, e Erol Asiltürk. "Analysis of Pre-Service Science Teachers’ Heuristic Reasoning Processes about Hydrogen Bonding". Journal of Science Learning 4, n. 1 (27 novembre 2020): 50–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/jsl.v4i1.23737.

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The purpose of this research was to determine the heuristics used by pre-service science teachers in understanding the details of hydrogen bonding. The reasoning processes demonstrated were evaluated based on ten heuristic models suggested by Talanquer (2014). Phenomenographic assessment of the 30 participants indicated that all ten heuristics were utilized to make interpretations about hydrogen bonding. It was found that most students used short-cut strategies rather than efficient analytical reasoning processes. A total of 12 answer patterns were determined based on the answers of the participants. The percentage of students who gave the correct answer was low. The frequency sequencing of participants' heuristics demonstrated in this study was fluency, associative activation, recognition, one-reason decision making, attribute substitution, overconfidence, surface similarity, generalization, rigidity, and affect.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Heuristic processes"

1

Liersch, Michael James. "Testing the boundary conditions of biases resulting from heuristic processes /". Diss., Connect to a 24 p. preview or request complete full text in PDF format. Access restricted to UC IP addresses, 2007. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/ucsd/fullcit?p3266844.

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Dummel, Sebastian [Verfasser], e Jan [Akademischer Betreuer] Rummel. "Cognitive Processes Underlying Heuristic Decision Making / Sebastian Dummel ; Betreuer: Jan Rummel". Heidelberg : Universitätsbibliothek Heidelberg, 2016. http://d-nb.info/1180615336/34.

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3

Lu, Yufeng. "Scheduling of Wafer Test Processes in Semiconductor Manufacturing". Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1997. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/10153.

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Scheduling is one of the most important issues in the planning of manufacturing systems. This research focuses on solving the test scheduling problem which arises in semiconductor manufacturing environment. Semiconductor wafer devices undergo a series of test processes conducted on computer-controlled test stations at various temperatures. A test process consists of both setup operations and processing operations on the test stations. The test operations occur in a specified order on the wafer devices, resulting in precedence constraints for the schedule. Furthermore, the assignment of the wafer devices to test stations and the sequence in which they are processed affects the time required to finish the test operations, resulting in sequence dependent setup times. The goal of this research is to develop a realistic model of the semiconductor wafer test scheduling problem and provide heuristics for scheduling the precedence constrained test operations with sequence dependent setup times. A mathematical model is presented and two heuristics are developed to solve the scheduling problem with the objective of minimizing the makespan required to test all wafer devices on a set of test stations. The heuristic approaches generate a sorted list of wafer devices as a dispatching sequence and then schedule the wafer lots on test stations in order of appearance on the list. An experimental analysis and two case studies are presented to validate the proposed solution approaches. In the two case studies, the heuristics are applied to actual data from a semiconductor manufacturing facility. The results of the heuristic approaches are compared to the actual schedule executed in the manufacturing facility. For both the case studies, the proposed solution approaches decreased the makespan by 23-45% compared to the makespan of actual schedule executed in the manufacturing facility. The solution approach developed in this research can be integrated with the planning software of a semiconductor manufacturing facility to improve productivity.
Master of Science

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Lusena, Christopher. "Finite memory policies for partially observable Markov decision processes". Lexington, Ky. : [University of Kentucky Libraries], 2001. http://lib.uky.edu/ETD/ukycosc2001d00021/lusena01.pdf.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--University of Kentucky, 2001.
Title from document title page. Document formatted into pages; contains viii, 89 p. : ill. Includes abstract. Includes bibliographical references (p. 81-86).

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Zambrano, Abad Julio Cesar. "Identification of nonlinear processes based on Wiener-Hammerstein models and heuristic optimization". Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/171739.

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[ES] En muchos campos de la ingeniería los modelos matemáticos son utilizados para describir el comportamiento de los sistemas, procesos o fenómenos. Hoy en día, existen varias técnicas o métodos que pueden ser usadas para obtener estos modelos. Debido a su versatilidad y simplicidad, a menudo se prefieren los métodos de identificación de sistemas. Por lo general, estos métodos requieren la definición de una estructura y la estimación computacional de los parámetros que la componen utilizando un conjunto de procedimientos y mediciones de las señales de entrada y salida del sistema. En el contexto de la identificación de sistemas no lineales, un desafío importante es la selección de la estructura. En el caso de que el sistema a identificar presente una no linealidad de tipo estático, los modelos orientados a bloques, pueden ser útiles para definir adecuadamente una estructura. Sin embargo, el diseñador puede enfrentarse a cierto grado de incertidumbre al seleccionar el modelo orientado a bloques adecuado en concordancia con el sistema real. Además de este inconveniente, se debe tener en cuenta que la estimación de algunos modelos orientados a bloques no es sencilla, como es el caso de los modelos de Wiener-Hammerstein que consisten en un bloque NL en medio de dos subsistemas LTI. La presencia de dos subsistemas LTI en los modelos de Wiener-Hammerstein es lo que principalmente dificulta su estimación. Generalmente, el procedimiento de identificación comienza con la estimación de la dinámica lineal, y el principal desafío es dividir esta dinámica entre los dos bloques LTI. Por lo general, esto implica una alta interacción del usuario para desarrollar varios procedimientos, y el modelo final estimado depende principalmente de estas etapas previas. El objetivo de esta tesis es contribuir a la identificación de los modelos de Wiener-Hammerstein. Esta contribución se basa en la presentación de dos nuevos algoritmos para atender aspectos específicos que no han sido abordados en la identificación de este tipo de modelos. El primer algoritmo, denominado WH-EA, permite estimar todos los parámetros de un modelo de Wiener-Hammerstein con un solo procedimiento a partir de un modelo dinámico lineal. Con WH-EA, una buena estimación no depende de procedimientos intermedios ya que el algoritmo evolutivo simultáneamente busca la mejor distribución de la dinámica, ajusta con precisión la ubicación de los polos y los ceros y captura la no linealidad estática. Otra ventaja importante de este algoritmo es que bajo consideraciones específicas y utilizando una señal de excitación adecuada, es posible crear un enfoque unificado que permite también la identificación de los modelos de Wiener y Hammerstein, que son casos particulares del modelo de Wiener-Hammerstein cuando uno de sus bloques LTI carece de dinámica. Lo interesante de este enfoque unificado es que con un mismo algoritmo es posible identificar los modelos de Wiener, Hammerstein y Wiener-Hammerstein sin que el usuario especifique de antemano el tipo de estructura a identificar. El segundo algoritmo llamado WH-MOEA, permite abordar el problema de identificación como un Problema de Optimización Multiobjetivo (MOOP). Sobre la base de este algoritmo se presenta un nuevo enfoque para la identificación de los modelos de Wiener-Hammerstein considerando un compromiso entre la precisión alcanzada y la complejidad del modelo. Con este enfoque es posible comparar varios modelos con diferentes prestaciones incluyendo como un objetivo de identificación el número de parámetros que puede tener el modelo estimado. El aporte de este enfoque se sustenta en el hecho de que en muchos problemas de ingeniería los requisitos de diseño y las preferencias del usuario no siempre apuntan a la precisión del modelo como un único objetivo, sino que muchas veces la complejidad es también un factor predominante en la toma de decisiones.
[CA] En molts camps de l'enginyeria els models matemàtics són utilitzats per a descriure el comportament dels sistemes, processos o fenòmens. Hui dia, existeixen diverses tècniques o mètodes que poden ser usades per a obtindre aquests models. A causa de la seua versatilitat i simplicitat, sovint es prefereixen els mètodes d'identificació de sistemes. En general, aquests mètodes requereixen la definició d'una estructura i l'estimació computacional dels paràmetres que la componen utilitzant un conjunt de procediments i mesuraments dels senyals d'entrada i eixida del sistema. En el context de la identificació de sistemes no lineals, un desafiament important és la selecció de l'estructura. En el cas que el sistema a identificar presente una no linealitat de tipus estàtic, els models orientats a blocs, poden ser útils per a definir adequadament una estructura. No obstant això, el dissenyador pot enfrontar-se a cert grau d'incertesa en seleccionar el model orientat a blocs adequat en concordança amb el sistema real. A més d'aquest inconvenient, s'ha de tindre en compte que l'estimació d'alguns models orientats a blocs no és senzilla, com és el cas dels models de Wiener-Hammerstein que consisteixen en un bloc NL enmig de dos subsistemes LTI. La presència de dos subsistemes LTI en els models de Wiener-Hammerstein és el que principalment dificulta la seua estimació. Generalment, el procediment d'identificació comença amb l'estimació de la dinàmica lineal, i el principal desafiament és dividir aquesta dinàmica entre els dos blocs LTI. En general, això implica una alta interacció de l'usuari per a desenvolupar diversos procediments, i el model final estimat depén principalment d'aquestes etapes prèvies. L'objectiu d'aquesta tesi és contribuir a la identificació dels models de Wiener-Hammerstein. Aquesta contribució es basa en la presentació de dos nous algorismes per a atendre aspectes específics que no han sigut adreçats en la identificació d'aquesta mena de models. El primer algorisme, denominat WH-EA (Algorisme Evolutiu per a la identificació de sistemes de Wiener-Hammerstein), permet estimar tots els paràmetres d'un model de Wiener-Hammerstein amb un sol procediment a partir d'un model dinàmic lineal. Amb WH-EA, una bona estimació no depén de procediments intermedis ja que l'algorisme evolutiu simultàniament busca la millor distribució de la dinàmica, afina la ubicació dels pols i els zeros i captura la no linealitat estàtica. Un altre avantatge important d'aquest algorisme és que sota consideracions específiques i utilitzant un senyal d'excitació adequada, és possible crear un enfocament unificat que permet també la identificació dels models de Wiener i Hammerstein, que són casos particulars del model de Wiener-Hammerstein quan un dels seus blocs LTI manca de dinàmica. L'interessant d'aquest enfocament unificat és que amb un mateix algorisme és possible identificar els models de Wiener, Hammerstein i Wiener-Hammerstein sense que l'usuari especifique per endavant el tipus d'estructura a identificar. El segon algorisme anomenat WH-MOEA (Algorisme evolutiu multi-objectiu per a la identificació de models de Wiener-Hammerstein), permet abordar el problema d'identificació com un Problema d'Optimització Multiobjectiu (MOOP). Sobre la base d'aquest algorisme es presenta un nou enfocament per a la identificació dels models de Wiener-Hammerstein considerant un compromís entre la precisió aconseguida i la complexitat del model. Amb aquest enfocament és possible comparar diversos models amb diferents prestacions incloent com un objectiu d'identificació el nombre de paràmetres que pot tindre el model estimat. L'aportació d'aquest enfocament se sustenta en el fet que en molts problemes d'enginyeria els requisits de disseny i les preferències de l'usuari no sempre apunten a la precisió del model com un únic objectiu, sinó que moltes vegades la complexitat és també un factor predominant en la presa de decisions.
[EN] In several engineering fields, mathematical models are used to describe the behaviour of systems, processes or phenomena. Nowadays, there are several techniques or methods for obtaining mathematical models. Because of their versatility and simplicity, system identification methods are often preferred. Generally, systems identification methods require defining a structure and estimating computationally the parameters that make it up, using a set of procedures y measurements of the system's input and output signals. In the context of nonlinear system identification, a significant challenge is the structure selection. In the case that the system to be identified presents a static type of nonlinearity, block-oriented models can be useful to define a suitable structure. However, the designer may face a certain degree of uncertainty when selecting the block-oriented model in accordance with the real system. In addition to this inconvenience, the estimation of some block-oriented models is not an easy task, as is the case with the Wiener-Hammerstein models consisting of a NL block in the middle of two LTI subsystems. The presence of two LTI subsystems in the Wiener-Hammerstein models is what mainly makes their estimation difficult. Generally, the identification procedure begins with the estimation of the linear dynamics, and the main challenge is to split this dynamic between the two LTI block. Usually, this implies a high user interaction to develop several procedures, and the final model estimated mostly depends on these previous stages. The aim of this thesis is to contribute to the identification of the Wiener-Hammerstein models. This contribution is based on the presentation of two new algorithms to address specific aspects that have not been addressed in the identification of this type of model. The first algorithm, called WH-EA (An Evolutionary Algorithm for Wiener-Hammerstein System Identification), allows estimating all the parameters of a Wiener-Hammerstein model with a single procedure from a linear dynamic model. With WH-EA, a good estimate does not depend on intermediate procedures since the evolutionary algorithm looks for the best dynamic division, while the locations of the poles and zeros are fine-tuned, and nonlinearity is captured simultaneously. Another significant advantage of this algorithm is that under specific considerations and using a suitable excitation signal; it is possible to create a unified approach that also allows the identification of Wiener and Hammerstein models which are particular cases of the Wiener-Hammerstein model when one of its LTI blocks lacks dynamics. What is interesting about this unified approach is that with the same algorithm, it is possible to identify Wiener, Hammerstein, and Wiener-Hammerstein models without the user specifying in advance the type of structure to be identified. The second algorithm called WH-MOEA (Multi-objective Evolutionary Algorithm for Wiener-Hammerstein identification), allows to address the identification problem as a Multi-Objective Optimisation Problem (MOOP). Based on this algorithm, a new approach for the identification of Wiener-Hammerstein models is presented considering a compromise between the accuracy achieved and the model complexity. With this approach, it is possible to compare several models with different performances, including as an identification target the number of parameters that the estimated model may have. The contribution of this approach is based on the fact that in many engineering problems the design requirements and user's preferences do not always point to the accuracy of the model as a single objective, but many times the complexity is also a predominant factor in decision-making.
Zambrano Abad, JC. (2021). Identification of nonlinear processes based on Wiener-Hammerstein models and heuristic optimization [Tesis doctoral]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/171739
TESIS

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Dai, Peng. "FASTER DYNAMIC PROGRAMMING FOR MARKOV DECISION PROCESSES". UKnowledge, 2007. http://uknowledge.uky.edu/gradschool_theses/428.

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Markov decision processes (MDPs) are a general framework used by Artificial Intelligence (AI) researchers to model decision theoretic planning problems. Solving real world MDPs has been a major and challenging research topic in the AI literature. This paper discusses two main groups of approaches in solving MDPs. The first group of approaches combines the strategies of heuristic search and dynamic programming to expedite the convergence process. The second makes use of graphical structures in MDPs to decrease the effort of classic dynamic programming algorithms. Two new algorithms proposed by the author, MBLAO* and TVI, are described here.

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Archer, Sandra. "Stochastic resource constrained project scheduling with stochastic task insertions problems". Orlando, Fla. : University of Central Florida, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/CFE0002491.

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Liu, Xin. "Heuristic strategies for the single-item lot-sizing problem with convex variable production cost". Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2006. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B3642917X.

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Tai, Chia-Hung C. "A stochastic project scheduling problem with resource constraints /". free to MU campus, to others for purchase, 1997. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/mo/fullcit?p9842569.

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Liu, Xin, e 劉忻. "Heuristic strategies for the single-item lot-sizing problem with convex variable production cost". Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2006. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B3642917X.

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Più fonti

Libri sul tema "Heuristic processes"

1

Aldous, D. J. Probability approximations via the Poisson clumping heuristic. New York: Springer-Verlag, 1989.

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2

Kindl, Mark R. A stochastic approach to the weighted-region problem: 1. the design of the path annealing algorithm. Monterey, Calif: Naval Postgraduate School, 1991.

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3

Gigerenzer, Gerd. Simple heuristics that make us smart. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.

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4

Casas, Arturo. Procesos da historiografía literaria galega Para un debate crítico. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-530-8.

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Galician literary historiography shows links and ruptures that refer to the cultural history of Galicia itself and to the sequence of historical events that have delineated the social, economic and political development of the country since the nineteenth century. These coordinates comprise a series of processes, including the elaboration and propagation of ideologies aimed at achieving a way out of political subalternity and oriented towards the horizon of national emancipation. Those events and these processes also marked the connection of Galicia with modernity and the dynamics of historical change. As a result of the above, this book analyses critically the institutionalization processes of the history of Galician literature – with special emphasis on historiographic models such as that of Said Armesto, Carvalho Calero, Méndez Ferrín and others – and indicates the need to undertake a productive methodological innovation of the discipline in heuristic, organic and discursive terms. It further argues that this update should pay attention to substantive theoretical debates, not exclusively of specific cultural coordinates, such as Galician ones or any others that could be considered. Among these, the cooperation between history and sociology, the intellection of literary facts as historical facts, the review of the link between literary history and nation, the public uses of literary history, and the inquiry of discursive choices that promote a less self-indulgent and predictable historiography. This essentially involved a challenge, that of permanent dialogue with some of the most powerful critical reinterpretations of the Galician historiographic tradition and with alternative models constituted from feminist thought, postcolonial theories, the sociology of the literary field or the systemic theories of culture, as well as with the contributions made from a post-national understanding of the literary phenomenon.

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Aldous, David. Probability Approximations via the Poisson Clumping Heuristic. Springer New York, 2010.

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Aldous, David. Probability Approximations Via the Poisson Clumping Heuristic. Springer London, Limited, 2013.

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Evans, John Lebron. A heuristic procedure to evaluate investment decisions for flexible process equipment for electronic assembly: A dissertation. 1991.

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Kindt, Sara, Liesbet Goubert, Maarten Vansteenkiste e Tine Vervoort. Chronic Pain and Interpersonal Processes. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190627898.003.0007.

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This chapter argues that one particular type of a caregiver’s behavioral response to pain cannot, in and of itself, be considered adaptive or maladaptive. It contends that to understand the complexity of the interaction between caregivers and pain sufferers, a goal or need-based framework may be useful. Self-Determination theory (SDT) is presented as a heuristic framework that identifies three basic psychological needs as essential for successful adaption. Whether behavioral responses are supportive and helpful depends upon the extent to which these responses support the need for autonomy, competence, and relatedness of the sufferer. Drawing on an affective-motivational account on interpersonal dynamics in the context of pain, the chapter highlights how observer attunement toward sufferers’ needs may depend upon the regulation of various goals for caregiving, including self-oriented versus other-oriented goals and associated emotions.

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Gerken, Mikkel. The Psychology of Knowledge Ascriptions. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198803454.003.0006.

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Chapter 5 surveys some empirical psychology and outlines some folk epistemological principles. By considering the heuristic and biases tradition, it is argued that ordinary knowledge ascriptions are standardly driven by heuristic processes and, therefore, associated with biases. This idea is integrated with a dual process framework for mental state ascriptions. On this basis, some of the central heuristic principles that govern intuitive judgments about knowledge ascriptions are articulated, and some of the biases associated with these principles are identified. The result is an account of an epistemic focal bias in intuitive judgments about knowledge ascription. Thus, Chapter 5 provides both a survey of relevant psychology and a development of the folk psychological principles governing knowledge ascriptions.

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Handbook of Research on Applied Optimization Methodologies in Manufacturing Systems. IGI Global, 2017.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Heuristic processes"

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Kolobov, Mausam, e Andrey Kolobov. "Heuristic Search Algorithms". In Planning with Markov Decision Processes, 59–82. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-01559-5_4.

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Reijers, Hajo A. "Heuristic Workflow Redesign". In Design and Control of Workflow Processes, 207–43. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-36615-6_6.

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Beugnon, Guy. "The Heuristic Value of Visual Spatial Orientation in Insects". In Cognitive Processes and Spatial Orientation in Animal and Man, 266–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-009-3531-0_21.

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Yang, Ziqi, Zhile Yang, Kang Li, Wasif Naeem e Kailong Liu. "Heuristic Based Terminal Iterative Learning Control of ISBM Reheating Processes". In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 262–71. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6373-2_27.

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Das, N. C. "Bivariate Normal Distribution and Heuristic-Algorithm of BIVNOR for Generating Biquantile Pairs". In Decision Processes by Using Bivariate Normal Quantile Pairs, 61–90. New Delhi: Springer India, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-81-322-2364-1_4.

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Cossins, Anne. "The Nature and Effects of Adversarialism: Sites of Activation for Heuristic Reasoning Processes". In Closing the Justice Gap for Adult and Child Sexual Assault, 245–75. London: Palgrave Macmillan UK, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-32051-3_6.

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Fountas, Nikolaos A., Ioannis Papantoniou, John Kechagias, Dimitrios E. Manolakos e Nikolaos M. Vaxevanidis. "Implementation of Modern Meta-Heuristic Algorithms for Optimizing Machinability in Dry CNC Finish-Turning of AISI H13 Die Steel Under Annealed and Hardened States". In Evolutionary Optimization of Material Removal Processes, 45–59. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003258421-4.

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Sutterlütti, Simon, e Stefan Meretz. "Seed Form Theory". In Make Capitalism History, 191–230. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14645-9_7.

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AbstractThe final chapter explores how the seed form of commonism—the commons—can become societally dominant. It introduces the five-step process, a heuristic model for analysing historical processes of qualitative change. It discusses various existing commons such as open pastures, free software and commoning within top-end multinationals or social movements, as well as their limits and strengths. The main section assesses different scenarios of a shift in dominance from capitalism to commonism, such as slow expansion, crisis, partner state and social movements. It ends with some remarks on current practices.

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Souza, Filipe, Diarmuid Grimes e Barry O’Sullivan. "A Large Neighborhood Search Approach for the Data Centre Machine Reassignment Problem". In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 397–408. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-26438-2_31.

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AbstractOne of the main challenges in data centre operations involves optimally reassigning running processes to servers in a dynamic setting such that operational performance is improved. In 2012, Google proposed the Machine Reassignment Problem in collaboration with the ROADEF/Euro challenge. A number of complex instances were generated for evaluating the submissions. This work focuses on new approaches to solve this problem.In particular, we propose a Large Neighbourhood Search approach with a novel, domain-specific heuristic for neighborhood selection. This heuristic uses the unbalanced resource usage on the machines to select the most promising processes in each iteration. Furthermore, we compare two search strategies to optimise the sub-problems. The first one is based on the concept of Limited Discrepancy Search, albeit tailored to large scale problems; and the second approach involves the standard combination of constraint programming with random restart strategies.An empirical evaluation on the widely studied instances from ROADEF 2012 demonstrates the effectiveness of our approach against the state-of-the-art, with new upper bounds found for three instances.

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Fernandes, Domingos. "Examining Effects of Heuristic Processes on the Problem-Solving Education of Preservice Mathematics Teachers". In Mathematical Problem Solving and New Information Technologies, 313–28. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-58142-7_22.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Heuristic processes"

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Barhate, Yash, Daniel Casas-Orozco, Daniel J. Laky, Gintaras V. Reklaitis e Zoltan K. Nagy. "Hybrid Rule-based and Optimization-driven Decision Framework for the Rapid Synthesis of End-to-End Optimal (E2EO) and Sustainable Pharmaceutical Manufacturing Flowsheets". In Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design, 261–66. Hamilton, Canada: PSE Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69997/sct.115998.

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In this paper, a hybrid heuristic rule-based and deterministic optimization-driven process decision framework is presented for the analysis and optimization of process flowsheets for end-to-end optimal (E2E0) pharmaceutical manufacturing. The framework accommodates various operating modes, such as batch, semi-batch and continuous, for the different unit operations that implement each manufacturing step. To address the challenges associated with solving process synthesis problems using a simulation-optimization approach, heuristic-based process synthesis rules are employed to facilitate the reduction of the superstructure into smaller sub-structures that can be more readily optimized. The practical application of the framework is demonstrated through a case study involving the end-to-end continuous manufacturing of an anti-cancer drug, lomustine. Alternative flowsheet structures are evaluated in terms of the sustainability metric, E-factor while ensuring compliance with the required production targets and critical product quality attributes.

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Allen, R. Cory, Youngdae Kim e Dimitri J. Papageorgiou. "A GRASP Heuristic for Solving an Acquisition Function Embedded in a Parallel Bayesian Optimization Framework". In Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design, 237–44. Hamilton, Canada: PSE Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69997/sct.173606.

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Design problems for process systems engineering applications often require multi-scale modeling integrating detailed process models. Consequently, black-box optimization and surrogate modeling have continued to play a fundamental role in mission-critical design applications. Inherent in surrogate modeling applications, particularly those constrained by �expensive� function evaluations, are the questions of how to properly balance �exploration� and �exploitation� and how to do so while harnessing parallel computing in techniques. We devise and investigate a one-step look-ahead GRASP heuristic for balancing exploration and exploitation in a parallel environment. Computational results reveal that our approach can yield equivalent or superior surrogate quality with near linear scaling in the number of parallel samples.

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Lynch, Hailey G., Aaron Bjarnason, Daniel J. Laky, Cameron J. Brown e Alexander W. Dowling. "Optimizing Batch Crystallization with Model-based Design of Experiments". In Foundations of Computer-Aided Process Design, 308–15. Hamilton, Canada: PSE Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.69997/sct.152239.

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Adaptive and self-optimizing intelligent systems such as digital twins are increasingly important in science and engineering. Digital twins utilize mathematical models to provide added precision to decision-making. However, physics-informed models are challenging to build, calibrate, and validate with existing data science methods. Model-based design of experiments (MBDoE) is a popular framework for optimizing data collection to maximize parameter precision in mathematical models and digital twins. In this work, we apply MBDoE, facilitated by the open-source package Pyomo.DoE, to train and validate mathematical models for batch crystallization. We quantitatively examined the estimability of the model parameters for experiments with different cooling rates. This analysis provides a quantitative explanation for the heuristic of using multiple experiments at different cooling rates.

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Horn, S., G. Weigert e E. Beier. "Heuristic optimization strategies for scheduling of manufacturing processes". In 2006 29th International Spring Seminar on Electronics Technology. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/isse.2006.365142.

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Etemad, Shahab. "Heuristic view of NLO processes in conjugated polymers". In New York - DL tentative, a cura di Daniel L. Akins e Robert R. Alfano. SPIE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.56705.

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Etemad, Shahab. "A heuristic view of NLO processes in conjugated polymers". In Recent Advances in the Uses of Light in Physics, Chemistry, Engineering, and Medicine. SPIE, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2322311.

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Sendrescu, Dorin, Eugen Bobasu e Dan Popescu. "Identification techniques based on heuristic optimization for propagation processes". In 2013 2nd International Conference on Systems and Computer Science (ICSCS). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icconscs.2013.6632046.

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Sarno, Riyanarto, Fitrianing Haryadita, Dwi Sunaryono e Abdul Munif. "Model discovery of parallel business processes using modified Heuristic Miner". In 2015 International Conference on Science in Information Technology (ICSITech). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icsitech.2015.7407772.

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Gavrikov, Mikhail M., Anna Y. Mezentseva e Roman M. Sinetsky. "Heuristic Techniques for Constructing Hidden Markov Models of Stochastic Processes". In 2023 International Russian Smart Industry Conference (SmartIndustryCon). IEEE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/smartindustrycon57312.2023.10110792.

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Patel, Himanshukumar Rajendrabhai. "Lévy Distribution Meta-Heuristic Fuzzy-Based Optimization Algorithm for Optimal Framework Design of Type-2 Fuzzy Controller: Subject to Perturbations". In International Electronic Conference on Processes. Basel Switzerland: MDPI, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/proceedings2024105029.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Heuristic processes"

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Bobashev, Georgiy, John Holloway, Eric Solano e Boris Gutkin. A Control Theory Model of Smoking. RTI Press, giugno 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2017.op.0040.1706.

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We present a heuristic control theory model that describes smoking under restricted and unrestricted access to cigarettes. The model is based on the allostasis theory and uses a formal representation of a multiscale opponent process. The model simulates smoking behavior of an individual and produces both short-term (“loading up” after not smoking for a while) and long-term smoking patterns (e.g., gradual transition from a few cigarettes to one pack a day). By introducing a formal representation of withdrawal- and craving-like processes, the model produces gradual increases over time in withdrawal- and craving-like signals associated with abstinence and shows that after 3 months of abstinence, craving disappears. The model was programmed as a computer application allowing users to select simulation scenarios. The application links images of brain regions that are activated during the binge/intoxication, withdrawal, or craving with corresponding simulated states. The model was calibrated to represent smoking patterns described in peer-reviewed literature; however, it is generic enough to be adapted to other drugs, including cocaine and opioids. Although the model does not mechanistically describe specific neurobiological processes, it can be useful in prevention and treatment practices as an illustration of drug-using behaviors and expected dynamics of withdrawal and craving during abstinence.

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Galeano-Ramírez, Franky Juliano, Nicolás Martínez-Cortés, Carlos D. Rojas-Martínez e Margaret Guerrero. Nowcasting Colombian Economic Activity: DFM and Factor-MIDAS approaches. Banco de la República, agosto 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1168.

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Economic policy decision-making requires constantly assessing the state of economic activity. However, this is not an easy task: official figures have significant lags, and the timely information is usually partial and has different frequencies. This paper applies two types of short-term forecasting methodologies (Factor-MIDAS and DFM) for Colombian economic activity involving information with mixed frequencies. We present a heuristic process to select relevant variables, and we evaluate the proposed models' fits by comparing them with traditional forecasting methodologies. Overall, DFM and Factor-MIDAS forecasts are better than those generated by conventional methodologies, especially as the flow of information increases. In times of COVID-19, the model with the best relative fit was the DFM.

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Yan, Yujie, e Jerome F. Hajjar. Automated Damage Assessment and Structural Modeling of Bridges with Visual Sensing Technology. Northeastern University, maggio 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.17760/d20410114.

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Recent advances in visual sensing technology have gained much attention in the field of bridge inspection and management. Coupled with advanced robotic systems, state-of-the-art visual sensors can be used to obtain accurate documentation of bridges without the need for any special equipment or traffic closure. The captured visual sensor data can be post-processed to gather meaningful information for the bridge structures and hence to support bridge inspection and management. However, state-of-the-practice data postprocessing approaches require substantial manual operations, which can be time-consuming and expensive. The main objective of this study is to develop methods and algorithms to automate the post-processing of the visual sensor data towards the extraction of three main categories of information: 1) object information such as object identity, shapes, and spatial relationships - a novel heuristic-based method is proposed to automate the detection and recognition of main structural elements of steel girder bridges in both terrestrial and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based laser scanning data. Domain knowledge on the geometric and topological constraints of the structural elements is modeled and utilized as heuristics to guide the search as well as to reject erroneous detection results. 2) structural damage information, such as damage locations and quantities - to support the assessment of damage associated with small deformations, an advanced crack assessment method is proposed to enable automated detection and quantification of concrete cracks in critical structural elements based on UAV-based visual sensor data. In terms of damage associated with large deformations, based on the surface normal-based method proposed in Guldur et al. (2014), a new algorithm is developed to enhance the robustness of damage assessment for structural elements with curved surfaces. 3) three-dimensional volumetric models - the object information extracted from the laser scanning data is exploited to create a complete geometric representation for each structural element. In addition, mesh generation algorithms are developed to automatically convert the geometric representations into conformal all-hexahedron finite element meshes, which can be finally assembled to create a finite element model of the entire bridge. To validate the effectiveness of the developed methods and algorithms, several field data collections have been conducted to collect both the visual sensor data and the physical measurements from experimental specimens and in-service bridges. The data were collected using both terrestrial laser scanners combined with images, and laser scanners and cameras mounted to unmanned aerial vehicles.

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Raychev, Nikolay. Can human thoughts be encoded, decoded and manipulated to achieve symbiosis of the brain and the machine. Web of Open Science, ottobre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37686/nsrl.v1i2.76.

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This article discusses the current state of neurointerface technologies, not limited to deep electrode approaches. There are new heuristic ideas for creating a fast and broadband channel from the brain to artificial intelligence. One of the ideas is not to decipher the natural codes of nerve cells, but to create conditions for the development of a new language for communication between the human brain and artificial intelligence tools. Theoretically, this is possible if the brain "feels" that by changing the activity of nerve cells that communicate with the computer, it is possible to "achieve" the necessary actions for the body in the external environment, for example, to take a cup of coffee or turn on your favorite music. At the same time, an artificial neural network that analyzes the flow of nerve impulses must also be directed at the brain, trying to guess the body's needs at the moment with a minimum number of movements. The most important obstacle to further progress is the problem of biocompatibility, which has not yet been resolved. This is even more important than the number of electrodes and the power of the processors on the chip. When you insert a foreign object into your brain, it tries to isolate itself from it. This is a multidisciplinary topic not only for doctors and psychophysiologists, but also for engineers, programmers, mathematicians. Of course, the problem is complex and it will be possible to overcome it only with joint efforts.

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Willson. L51756 State of the Art Intelligent Control for Large Engines. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), settembre 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010423.

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Computers have become a vital part of the control of pipeline compressors and compressor stations. For many tasks, computers have helped to improve accuracy, reliability, and safety, and have reduced operating costs. Computers excel at repetitive, precise tasks that humans perform poorly - calculation, measurement, statistical analysis, control, etc. Computers are used to perform these type of precise tasks at compressor stations: engine / turbine speed control, ignition control, horsepower estimation, or control of complicated sequences of events during startup and/or shutdown. For other tasks, however, computers perform very poorly at tasks that humans find to be trivial. A discussion of the differences in the way humans and computer process information is crucial to an understanding of the field of artificial intelligence. In this project, several artificial intelligence/ intelligent control systems were examined: heuristic search techniques, adaptive control, expert systems, fuzzy logic, neural networks, and genetic algorithms. Of these, neural networks showed the most potential for use on large bore engines because of their ability to recognize patterns in incomplete, noisy data. Two sets of experimental tests were conducted to test the predictive capabilities of neural networks. The first involved predicting the ignition timing from combustion pressure histories; the best networks responded within a specified tolerance level 90% to 98.8% of the time. In the second experiment, neural networks were used to predict NOx, A/F ratio, and fuel consumption. NOx prediction accuracy was 91.4%, A/F ratio accuracy was 82.9%, and fuel consumption accuracy was 52.9%. This report documents the assessment of the state of the art of artificial intelligence for application to the monitoring and control of large-bore natural gas engines.

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Engel, Bernard, Yael Edan, James Simon, Hanoch Pasternak e Shimon Edelman. Neural Networks for Quality Sorting of Agricultural Produce. United States Department of Agriculture, luglio 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1996.7613033.bard.

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The objectives of this project were to develop procedures and models, based on neural networks, for quality sorting of agricultural produce. Two research teams, one in Purdue University and the other in Israel, coordinated their research efforts on different aspects of each objective utilizing both melons and tomatoes as case studies. At Purdue: An expert system was developed to measure variances in human grading. Data were acquired from eight sensors: vision, two firmness sensors (destructive and nondestructive), chlorophyll from fluorescence, color sensor, electronic sniffer for odor detection, refractometer and a scale (mass). Data were analyzed and provided input for five classification models. Chlorophyll from fluorescence was found to give the best estimation for ripeness stage while the combination of machine vision and firmness from impact performed best for quality sorting. A new algorithm was developed to estimate and minimize training size for supervised classification. A new criteria was established to choose a training set such that a recurrent auto-associative memory neural network is stabilized. Moreover, this method provides for rapid and accurate updating of the classifier over growing seasons, production environments and cultivars. Different classification approaches (parametric and non-parametric) for grading were examined. Statistical methods were found to be as accurate as neural networks in grading. Classification models by voting did not enhance the classification significantly. A hybrid model that incorporated heuristic rules and either a numerical classifier or neural network was found to be superior in classification accuracy with half the required processing of solely the numerical classifier or neural network. In Israel: A multi-sensing approach utilizing non-destructive sensors was developed. Shape, color, stem identification, surface defects and bruises were measured using a color image processing system. Flavor parameters (sugar, acidity, volatiles) and ripeness were measured using a near-infrared system and an electronic sniffer. Mechanical properties were measured using three sensors: drop impact, resonance frequency and cyclic deformation. Classification algorithms for quality sorting of fruit based on multi-sensory data were developed and implemented. The algorithms included a dynamic artificial neural network, a back propagation neural network and multiple linear regression. Results indicated that classification based on multiple sensors may be applied in real-time sorting and can improve overall classification. Advanced image processing algorithms were developed for shape determination, bruise and stem identification and general color and color homogeneity. An unsupervised method was developed to extract necessary vision features. The primary advantage of the algorithms developed is their ability to learn to determine the visual quality of almost any fruit or vegetable with no need for specific modification and no a-priori knowledge. Moreover, since there is no assumption as to the type of blemish to be characterized, the algorithm is capable of distinguishing between stems and bruises. This enables sorting of fruit without knowing the fruits' orientation. A new algorithm for on-line clustering of data was developed. The algorithm's adaptability is designed to overcome some of the difficulties encountered when incrementally clustering sparse data and preserves information even with memory constraints. Large quantities of data (many images) of high dimensionality (due to multiple sensors) and new information arriving incrementally (a function of the temporal dynamics of any natural process) can now be processed. Furhermore, since the learning is done on-line, it can be implemented in real-time. The methodology developed was tested to determine external quality of tomatoes based on visual information. An improved model for color sorting which is stable and does not require recalibration for each season was developed for color determination. Excellent classification results were obtained for both color and firmness classification. Results indicted that maturity classification can be obtained using a drop-impact and a vision sensor in order to predict the storability and marketing of harvested fruits. In conclusion: We have been able to define quantitatively the critical parameters in the quality sorting and grading of both fresh market cantaloupes and tomatoes. We have been able to accomplish this using nondestructive measurements and in a manner consistent with expert human grading and in accordance with market acceptance. This research constructed and used large databases of both commodities, for comparative evaluation and optimization of expert system, statistical and/or neural network models. The models developed in this research were successfully tested, and should be applicable to a wide range of other fruits and vegetables. These findings are valuable for the development of on-line grading and sorting of agricultural produce through the incorporation of multiple measurement inputs that rapidly define quality in an automated manner, and in a manner consistent with the human graders and inspectors.

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