Articoli di riviste: "Heterocyclic chemistry"

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Andres, C. J., Derek J. Denhart, Milind S. Deshpande e Kevin W. Gillman. "Recent Advances in the Solid Phase Synthesis of Drug Heterocyclic Small Molecules". Combinatorial Chemistry & High Throughput Screening 2, n. 4 (agosto 1999): 191–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1386207302666220204193145.

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Abstract: Because of their synthetic challenge, broad range of physical I chemical properties, and diverse biological activities, heterocycles continue to be of interest to both the academic and industrial chemist. This review covers recent advances in the solid phase synthesis of drug-like heterocyclic small molecules. Syntheses which form the heterocycle on the solid phase are emphasized; syntheses in which a preformed heterocycle is functionalized on the solid support have been omitted. The majority of references are from publication year 1999. This review should be of interest to anyone involved in, or contemplating the solid phase synthesis of small molecule drug-like heterocycles, especially for combinatorial chemistry applications.

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Luna, Isadora Silva, Rayssa Marques Duarte da Cruz, Ryldene Marques Duarte da Cruz, Rodrigo Santos Aquino de Araújo e Francisco Jaime Bezerra Mendonça-Junior. "1,4-Dithiane-2,5-diol: A Versatile Synthon for the Synthesis of Sulfur-containing Heterocycles". Current Organic Synthesis 15, n. 8 (17 dicembre 2018): 1026–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570179415666180821154551.

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Background: 1,4-Dithiane-2,5-diol (1,4-DTD) is the stable dimer of α-mercapto acetaldehyde. This commercially available ambidentade compound is characterized as having in its chemical structure one group that acts as an electrophile and another that acts as a nucleophile, this permits its use as versatile and efficient synthon in synthetic heterocycle procedures. Objective: The aim of this review is to present synthetic applications of 1,4-DTD in heterocyclic chemistry and their applicability to the synthesis of bioactive compounds. Conclusion: Gewald reactions to obtain C-4 and C-5 unsubstituted 2-amino-thiophene derivatives; sulfa- Michael/Henry and sulfa-Michael/aldol sequences to obtain polysubstituted tetrahydrothiophenes, and other heterocyclic reactions that allow synthesizing several functionalized sulfur-containing heterocycles such as thiazolidines, oxathiazinoles and thiazoles are presented and discussed. The use of such heterocyclics in subsequent reactions allows obtaining various bioactive compounds including the antiretroviral lamivudine which is one of the examples presented in this review.

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Romero-Hernández, Laura L., Ana Isabel Ahuja-Casarín, Penélope Merino-Montiel, Sara Montiel-Smith, José Luis Vega-Báez e Jesús Sandoval-Ramírez. "Syntheses and medicinal chemistry of spiro heterocyclic steroids". Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 20 (24 luglio 2024): 1713–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.20.152.

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There is compelling evidence that incorporating a heterocyclic moiety into a steroid can alter its pharmacological and pharmacokinetic properties, driving intense interest in the synthesis of such hybrids among research groups. In this review, we present an overview of recent synthetic methodologies, spanning the period from 2000 to 2023, for the preparation of spiro heterocyclic steroids. The compounds surveyed encompass four-, five-, six-, and seven-membered heterocycles appended to various positions of steroidal backbones, with spirocycles containing oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur atoms being predominant. The outlined synthetic procedures emphasize the pivotal steps for constructing the heterocycles, often accompanied by a detailed account of the overall synthesis pathway. The review encompasses innovative compounds, including bis-steroids linked by a spiro heterocycle and steroids conjugated to heterocyclic moieties containing three or more (hetero)cycles. Moreover, many compounds are accompanied by data on their biological activities, such as antiproliferative, antimalarial, antimicrobial, antifungal, steroid antagonist, and enzyme inhibition, among others, aimed at furnishing pertinent insights for the future design of more potent and selective drugs.

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Charushin, V. N., E. V. Verbitskiy, O. N. Chupakhin, D. V. Vorobyeva, P. S. Gribanov, S. N. Osipov, A. V. Ivanov et al. "The chemistry of heterocycles in the 21st century". Russian Chemical Reviews 93, n. 7 (luglio 2024): RCR5125. http://dx.doi.org/10.59761/rcr5125.

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The chemistry of heterocyclic compounds has traditionally been and remains a bright area of chemical science in Russia. This is due to the fact that many heterocycles find the widest application. These compounds are the key structural fragments of most drugs, plant protection agents. Many natural compounds are also derivatives of heterocycles. At present, more than half of the hundreds of millions of known chemical compounds are heterocycles. This collective review is devoted to the achievements of Russian chemists in this field over the last 15–20 years. The review presents the achievements of leading heterocyclists representing both RAS institutes and university science. It is worth noting the wide scope of the review, both in terms of the geography of author teams, covering the whole of our large country, and in terms of the diversity of research areas. Practically all major types of heterocycles are represented in the review. The special attention is focused on the practical applications of heterocycles in the design of new drugs and biologically active compounds, high-energy molecules, materials for organic electronics and photovoltaics, new ligands for coordination chemistry, and many other rapidly developing areas. These practical advances would not be possible without the development of new fundamental transformations in heterocyclic chemistry.<br> Bibliography — 2237 references.

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Sharma, Praveen Kumar, Andleeb Amin e M. Kumar. "Synthetic Methods of Medicinally Important Heterocycles-thiazines: A Review". Open Medicinal Chemistry Journal 14, n. 1 (14 settembre 2020): 71–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874104502014010071.

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Heterocyclic compounds containing N and S atoms have unique properties so that they can be used as potential reactive materials in pharmacokinetic systems. In medicinal chemistry, the therapeutic applications of nitrogen sulphur heterocycles are well known. Especially, Thiazines attract the attention of chemists due to their great bioactive behavior. The present study is a review of the work carried out by the research community for the synthesis of novel, effective, medicinally important heterocyclic compounds-thiazines.

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Bhattacharya, Somenath, Soumallya Chakraborty, Rohan Pal, Sourav Saha, Bhaskar Ghosh, Chiranjit Mandal, Dr Amitava Roy e Dr Arin Bhattacharjee. "A Comprehensive Review on Pyrazole and It’s Pharmacological Properties". International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 10, n. 9 (30 settembre 2022): 1769–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2022.46924.

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Abstract: Heterocyclic chemistry is very important aspects in organic chemistry. Heterocyclic system consists of one or more heteroatoms like nitrogen, oxygen, sulphur, etc with hydrogen atoms. The system can be classified as saturated as well as non saturated system or hydrocarbons. Another classification of this ring system is divided in some categories like three-membered, four-membered, five-membered, six-memebered, seven-membered, fused heterocyclics etc. Some compounds under this cklassification are acidic or basic in nature. Examples of heterocyclic compounds are Pyrole, Furan, Thiophene, Pyridine, Quinoline, Isoquinoline, Indole, Purine, Pyrazole, etc. Pyrazole is very important under this heterocyclic ring sysyem. Pyrazole is five membered heterocyclics. Pyrazole is basic and unsaturated in nature due to presence of double bonds in their ring structure. When two nitrogen atoms are associated with five menbered heterocyclic ring in 1,2 positions called as Pyrazole structure. It is also known as 1,2-diazole. It is present in many drugs as well as organic compounds and Pharmaceutical compounds. The review study shown that the structure, physical and chemical properties, nomenclature, synthetic approaches, biological activities of Pyrazole heterocyclic ring structure

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Georghiou, Paris E. "Preface". Pure and Applied Chemistry 82, n. 9 (1 gennaio 2010): iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac20108209iv.

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The 22nd International Congress on Heterocyclic Chemistry (ICHC-22) was held 2-7 August 2009 in St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada. St. John's, the capital of Canada's youngest Province, Newfoundland and Labrador, is also Canada’s oldest and North America’s most easterly city. The Conference was chaired by Prof. Mohsen Daneshtalab (School of Pharmacy, Memorial University of Newfoundland) and was organized by the School of Pharmacy and the Chemistry Department at Memorial University of Newfoundland.Approximately 260 participants from over 30 different countries attended. The scientific program consisted of 10 plenary lectures, 19 invited lectures, 52 short communications, and 115 posters. Prof. Samuel Danishefsky (Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, Columbia University) was honored with the 2009 ISHC Senior Award in Heterocyclic Chemistry, and Prof. John Wood (Colorado State University) was the 2009 Katritzky Junior Award winner. A special symposium entitled "Focus on heterocycles in organic synthesis today and tomorrow" was held during the Congress as a tribute to Prof. Victor Snieckus (Queen's University, Kingston) for his research accomplishments and long-time contribution to the International Society of Heterocyclic Chemistry (ISHC).The five Congress themes were:- New Methods in Heterocyclic Chemistry- Biologically Active Heterocycles (Pharmaceuticals/Agrochemicals)- Heterocyclic Natural Products and their Analogues- Applications of Heterocycles in Organic Synthesis- Heterocycles in Materials ScienceBesides the collection of 9 papers that are based on the plenary and invited lectures included in this issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry, the ICHC-22 Book of Abstracts is available online and can be downloaded for free from http://www.ichc2009.ca/abstract_book.pdf in pdf format.ICHC-23 will be held in Glasgow, Scotland, 31 July to 5 August 2011 with the following five main themes of heterocyclic chemistry: synthetic methodology, natural products and complex molecule synthesis, materials, medicinal chemistry, and nanochemistry. The conference will be chaired by Prof. Colin Suckling (University of Strathclyde).The organizers are grateful to all who contributed to a successful scientific program, especially to the speakers and to our public and private sponsors: City of St. John's, Memorial University of Newfoundland, IUPAC, Thieme, Wiley-Blackwell, Elsevier, Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., ChemRoutres Corporation, and American Diagnostica, Inc.Paris E. GeorghiouConference Editor

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Kaur, Navjeet. "Photochemical Reactions for the Synthesis of Six-Membered O-Heterocycles". Current Organic Synthesis 15, n. 3 (27 aprile 2018): 298–320. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570179414666171011160355.

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Background: The chemists have been interested in light as an energy source to induce chemical reactions since the beginning of the scientific chemistry. This review summarizes the chemistry of photochemical reactions with emphasis of their synthetic applications. The organic photochemical reactions avoid the polluting or toxic reagents and therefore offer perspectives for sustainable processes and green chemistry. In summary, this review article describes the synthesis of a number of six-membered O-heterocycles. Objective: Photochemistry is indeed a great tool synthetic chemists have at their disposal. The formation of byproducts was diminished under photochemical substrate activation that usually occurred without additional reagents. Photochemical irradiation is becoming more interesting day by day because of easy purification of the products as well as green chemistry. Conclusion: This review article represents the high applicability of photochemical reactions for organic synthesis and research activities in organic photochemistry. The synthesis of heterocyclic molecules has been outlined in this review. Traditional approaches require expensive or highly specialized equipment or would be of limited use to the synthetic organic chemist due to their highly inconvenient approaches. Photochemistry can be used to prepare a number of heterocycles selectively, efficiently and in high yield.

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Adak, Laksmikanta, e Tubai Ghosh. "Recent Progress in Iron-Catalyzed Reactions Towards the Synthesis of Bioactive Five- and Six-Membered Heterocycles". Current Organic Chemistry 24, n. 22 (18 dicembre 2020): 2634–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272824999200714102103.

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Heterocyclic compounds are the largely diverse organic molecules and find prevalent applications in the fine chemical industry, medicinal chemistry and agricultural science. They are also among the most commonly bearing frameworks in numerous drugs and pharmaceutical substances. Therefore, the development of convenient, efficient and environmentally benign methods to produce various types of heterocyclic compounds is an attractive area of research. For the synthesis and functionalization of heterocycles, enormous achievements have been attributed over the past decades. Recently, ironcatalyzed reactions have accomplished a noteworthy development in the synthesis of heterocycles. This review highlights some remarkable achievements in the iron-catalyzed synthesis of heterocyclic compounds published in the last five years.

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Yadav, Shailendra, Sushma Singh e Chitrasen Gupta. "A CONCISE OVERVIEW ON HETEROCYCLIC COMPOUNDS EXHIBITING PESTICIDAL ACTIVITIES". International Journal of Advanced Research 9, n. 08 (31 agosto 2021): 989–1004. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/13352.

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Heterocyclic compounds are numerous and diverse group of organic compounds. Heterocycles are abundantly found in nature and express various physiological properties. Heterocycles are intricately linked to all aspects of life. There are many heterocyclic compounds currently known, and the number is constantly rising owing to extensive synthetic development and their applications. Heterocyclic compounds are used significantly in a number of areas, including biochemistry and medicinal chemistry, and some others. They are predominantly synthesized in agrochemical and pharmaceutical industries due to their potential biological activities. This review article focuses on recently synthesized heterocyclic compounds and their different pesticidal activities such as antifungal, antibacterial, antiviral, nematocidal, insecticidal, acaricidal, and herbicidal.

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Shaikh, Ansar R., Mazahar Farooqui, R. H. Satpute e Syed Abed. "Overview on Nitrogen containing compounds and their assessment based on ‘International Regulatory Standards’". Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 8, n. 6-s (21 dicembre 2018): 424–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v8i6-s.2156.

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Heterocyclic compounds have a role in most fields of sciences such as medicinal chemistry, biochemistry also another area of sciences. More than 90% of new drugscontain heterocycles and the interface between chemistry and biology, at which so much new scientific insight, discovery and application is taking place is crossed by heterocyclic compounds. Compounds derived from heterocyclic rings in pharmacy, medicine, agriculture, plastic, polymer and other fields.Most active heterocycles that have shown considerable biological actions as antifungal, anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticonvulsant, antiallergic, herbicidal, anticancer activity. There is always a strong need for new and efficient processes in synthesizing of new Heterocycles.Alum have been used as a novel catalyst in the synthesis of Schiff’s bases. Synthesized Schiff’s bases are free from use of ICH class 1 and Class 2 solvents and also free from structural alerts genotoxic impurities. This review highlights on various aspects of heterocyclic compounds with its biological activity & regulatory assessment based on the ‘International Regulatory Standards’. Keywords: Heterocycles. Nitrogen containing compounds Biological activity, History, Regulatory assessment, International Regulatory Standards

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Kaur, Navjeet, Neha Ahlawat, Yamini Verma, Pooja Grewal e Pranshu Bhardwaj. "A Review of Ruthenium-catalyzed C-N Bond Formation Reactions for the Synthesis of Five-membered N-heterocycles". Current Organic Chemistry 23, n. 18 (26 novembre 2019): 1901–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272823666191021104118.

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The field of heterocyclic chemistry has been revolutionized using transition metal catalysts in recent years. Various research groups have focused on the development of general protocols to achieve better functional group compatibilities and greater levels of molecular complexity under mild reaction conditions, using easily available starting substrates. The methodologies used earlier for their synthesis were less approachable to organic chemists because of their high cost, highly specified instrumentation and inconvenient methods. For both stereoselective and regioselective synthesis of five-membered nitrogen- containing heterocycles, cyclic reactions that are Ru-catalyzed have known to be very efficient. These methods have many advantages as compared to alternative pathways involved in the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds. In this review article, we concentrated on the synthesis of nitrogen-containing five-membered heterocycles in the presence of a ruthenium catalyst. This review mostly covers the literature published during the period from 1977-2019.

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Hoffman, Gavin R., e Allen M. Schoffstall. "Syntheses and Applications of 1,2,3-Triazole-Fused Pyrazines and Pyridazines". Molecules 27, n. 15 (22 luglio 2022): 4681. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27154681.

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Pyrazines and pyridazines fused to 1,2,3-triazoles comprise a set of heterocycles obtained through a variety of synthetic routes. Two typical modes of constructing these heterocyclic ring systems are cyclizing a heterocyclic diamine with a nitrite or reacting hydrazine hydrate with dicarbonyl 1,2,3-triazoles. Several unique methods are known, particularly for the synthesis of 1,2,3-triazolo[1,5-a]pyrazines and their benzo-fused quinoxaline and quinoxalinone-containing analogs. Recent applications detail the use of these heterocycles in medicinal chemistry (c-Met inhibition or GABAA modulating activity) as fluorescent probes and as structural units of polymers.

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Kerru, Nagaraju, Lalitha Gummidi, Suresh Maddila, Kranthi Kumar Gangu e Sreekantha B. Jonnalagadda. "A Review on Recent Advances in Nitrogen-Containing Molecules and Their Biological Applications". Molecules 25, n. 8 (20 aprile 2020): 1909. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25081909.

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The analogs of nitrogen-based heterocycles occupy an exclusive position as a valuable source of therapeutic agents in medicinal chemistry. More than 75% of drugs approved by the FDA and currently available in the market are nitrogen-containing heterocyclic moieties. In the forthcoming decade, a much greater share of new nitrogen-based pharmaceuticals is anticipated. Many new nitrogen-based heterocycles have been designed. The number of novel N-heterocyclic moieties with significant physiological properties and promising applications in medicinal chemistry is ever-growing. In this review, we consolidate the recent advances on novel nitrogen-containing heterocycles and their distinct biological activities, reported over the past one year (2019 to early 2020). This review highlights the trends in the use of nitrogen-based moieties in drug design and the development of different potent and competent candidates against various diseases.

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Pyne, Stephen. "Preface". Pure and Applied Chemistry 80, n. 4 (1 gennaio 2008): iv. http://dx.doi.org/10.1351/pac20088004iv.

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This issue of Pure and Applied Chemistry comprises 12 papers from some of the speakers at the 21st International Congress for Heterocyclic Chemistry, which was held at the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia from 15-20 July 2007. The topics of these papers cover some of the major themes of the conference, including natural products synthesis (as highlighted by the presentation of K. C. Nicolaou during his ISHC Senior Award in Heterocyclic Chemistry lecture on the synthesis of complex natural products and further demonstrated by contributions by Profs. Banwell, Bates, Sodeoka, Naito, Vogel, and Pyne); new methods for the synthesis of heterocycles based on metal-catalyzed reactions (Profs. Ma and Mase); and new catalysts for asymmetric synthesis based on chiral heterocyclic ligands (Prof. Nishiyama). Papers on the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds using the borono-Mannich reaction (Prof. Hutton) and green chemistry methods (Prof. Varma) are also included.I would like to thank all contributors for their timely efforts and the editorial staff for their help.Stephen PyneConference Editor

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Olyaei, Abolfazl, e Mahdieh Sadeghpour. "Chemistry of 3-cyanoacetyl indoles: synthesis, reactions and applications: a recent update". RSC Advances 13, n. 31 (2023): 21710–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d3ra04385a.

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Kumar, Adarsh, Ankit Kumar Singh, Harshwardhan Singh, Veena Vijayan, Deepak Kumar, Jashwanth Naik, Suresh Thareja et al. "Nitrogen Containing Heterocycles as Anticancer Agents: A Medicinal Chemistry Perspective". Pharmaceuticals 16, n. 2 (14 febbraio 2023): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph16020299.

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Cancer is one of the major healthcare challenges across the globe. Several anticancer drugs are available on the market but they either lack specificity or have poor safety, severe side effects, and suffer from resistance. So, there is a dire need to develop safer and target-specific anticancer drugs. More than 85% of all physiologically active pharmaceuticals are heterocycles or contain at least one heteroatom. Nitrogen heterocycles constituting the most common heterocyclic framework. In this study, we have compiled the FDA approved heterocyclic drugs with nitrogen atoms and their pharmacological properties. Moreover, we have reported nitrogen containing heterocycles, including pyrimidine, quinolone, carbazole, pyridine, imidazole, benzimidazole, triazole, β-lactam, indole, pyrazole, quinazoline, quinoxaline, isatin, pyrrolo-benzodiazepines, and pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidines, which are used in the treatment of different types of cancer, concurrently covering the biochemical mechanisms of action and cellular targets.

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Boddapati, S. N. Murthy, Jagan Mohan Rao Saketi, Baby Ramana M, Maheswara Rao Gokada, Suri Babu Patchipala e Hari Babu Bollikolla. "Synthesis of Pharmacologically Active Indazoles and Its Analogues: A Review". Caribbean Journal of Science and Technology 09, n. 01 (2021): 20–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.55434/cbi.2021.9107.

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Studies on heterocyclic compounds are an evergreen branch of organic chemistry and attract the attention of chemists working not only in the field of natural products but also in synthetic chemistry. Indazole and its derivatives are one of the most vital heterocycles in drug molecules. Diversely substituted indazole derivatives have gained considerable attention in the field of medicinal chemistry due to their versatile biological activities. This mini review aims to abridge the recent (2011-2021 till date) advances in various methods for the synthesis of indazole derivatives. Moreover, the current developments in the biological activities of indazole-based compounds are also presented.

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Hemming, Karl. "Heterocyclic chemistry". Annual Reports Section "B" (Organic Chemistry) 105 (2009): 129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b822060n.

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Aldabbagh, Fawaz. "Heterocyclic chemistry". Annual Reports Section "B" (Organic Chemistry) 108 (2012): 110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2oc90008d.

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Katritzky, A. R. "Heterocyclic Chemistry". Synthesis 1995, n. 05 (maggio 1995): 605–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-1995-3937.

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Stockman, R. A. "Heterocyclic chemistry". Annual Reports Section "B" (Organic Chemistry) 102 (2006): 81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b609196m.

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Baker, John K. "Heterocyclic chemistry". Analytical Biochemistry 150, n. 2 (novembre 1985): 487. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0003-2697(85)90539-1.

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Aldabbagh, Fawaz. "Heterocyclic chemistry". Annual Reports Section "B" (Organic Chemistry) 109 (2013): 126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c3oc90009f.

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Hemming, Karl. "Heterocyclic chemistry". Annual Reports Section "B" (Organic Chemistry) 107 (2011): 118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c1oc90016a.

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Stockman, R. A. "Heterocyclic chemistry". Annual Reports Section "B" (Organic Chemistry) 103 (2007): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b614418g.

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Hemming, Karl. "Heterocyclic chemistry". Annual Reports Section "B" (Organic Chemistry) 106 (2010): 136. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b927084c.

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R. Waldvogel, Siegfried. "Heterocyclic Chemistry". Synthesis 2011, n. 05 (18 febbraio 2011): 826. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0030-1258442.

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Stockman, R. A. "Heterocyclic chemistry". Annual Reports Section "B" (Organic Chemistry) 104 (2008): 106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b809633n.

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Zhang, Ming, Qiuhong Wang, Yiyuan Peng, Zhiyuan Chen, Changfeng Wan, Junmin Chen, Yongli Zhao, Rongli Zhang e Ai Qin Zhang. "Transition metal-catalyzed sp3 C–H activation and intramolecular C–N coupling to construct nitrogen heterocyclic scaffolds". Chemical Communications 55, n. 87 (2019): 13048–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9cc06609h.

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Talbi, Soumaya, Mustapha Dib, Latifa Bouissane, Hafid Abderrafia, Souad Rabi e Mostafa Khouili. "Recent Progress in the Synthesis of Heterocycles based on 1,3-diketones". Current Organic Synthesis 19, n. 2 (marzo 2022): 220–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570179418666211011141428.

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: N,O-heterocycles containing the dicarbonyl ring play a significant role in heterocyclic and therapeutic chemistry. Since the discovery of 1,3-diketones, numerous research works have been achieved regarding the synthesis and its chemical reactivity. In this review, we have described the most relevant publications involving β-diketone compounds published during the period between 2018 to date. In addition, we include the 1,3-diketones-based heterocyclic compounds prepared by various synthetic methodologies.

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Abdel Hafez, Ali A. "Synthesis of Some Heterocyclic Sulfones Related to Quinolinol". Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 58, n. 9 (1993): 2222–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19932222.

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It is well known that pyrazolone derivatives possess antifungal and antibacterial activities. Pyrazole and isoxazole derivatives are widely used in medicinal chemistry. In continuation of our work on the synthesis of heterocycles containing the quinoline moiety we synthesized different heterocyclic sulfones related to quinolinol.

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Kumar, Suresh, Bhavna Saroha, Gourav Kumar, Ekta Lathwal, Sanjeev Kumar, Badri Parshad, Meena Kumari, Naveen Kumar, Mabel M. Mphahlele-Makgwane e Peter R. Makgwane. "Recent Developments in Nanocatalyzed Green Synthetic Protocols of Biologically Potent Diverse O-Heterocycles—A Review". Catalysts 12, n. 6 (15 giugno 2022): 657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal12060657.

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The dynamic growth in green organic synthetic methodologies for diverse heterocyclic scaffolds has substantially contributed to the field of medicinal chemistry over the last few decades. The use of hybrid metal nanocatalysts (NCs) is one such benign strategy for ensuring the advancement of modern synthetic chemistry by adhering to the principles of green chemistry, which call for a sustainable catalytic system that converts reacting species into profitable chemicals at a faster rate and tends to reduce waste generation. The metal nanoparticles (NPs) enhance the exposed surface area of the catalytic active sites, thereby making it easier for reactants and metal NCs to have an effective interaction. Several review articles have been published on the preparation of metal NCs and their uses for various catalytic heterocyclic transformations. This review will summarize different metal NCs for the efficient green synthesis of various O-heterocycles. Furthermore, the review will provide a concise overview of the role of metal NCs in the synthesis of O-heterocycles and will be extremely useful to researchers working on developing novel green and simple synthetic pathways to various O-heterocyclic-derived molecules.

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Monier, Mohamed, Doaa Abdel-Latif, Ahmed El-Mekabaty, Başak D. Mert e Khaled M. Elattar. "Advances in the Chemistry of 6-6 Bicyclic Systems: Chemistry of Pyrido[3,4- d]pyrimidines". Current Organic Synthesis 16, n. 6 (26 novembre 2019): 812–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1570179416666190704113647.

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The aim of this work is to discuss the chemistry of pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidines as one of the most important heterocyclic compounds with remarkable synthetic, biological and medical applications. In this overview, the chemistry of heterocyclic compounds incorporated the pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidine scaffold as demonstrated by chemical reactions and different preparation processes. The anticipated compounds were synthesized from pyridine or pyrimidine compounds and a description of the reactivity of substituents attached to ring carbon and nitrogen atoms is discussed. On the other hand, the synthesis and reactions of fused heterocycles incorporated pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidine scaffold is described. The diamine analogs included pyrido[3,4-d]pyrimidine core were reported as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. The chemical reactions of certain unexpected and chemically substantial compounds have been discussed.

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Chen, Zhangpei, Lingxin Meng, Zhiqiang Ding e Jianshe Hu. "Construction of Versatile N-Heterocycles from in situ Generated 1,2-Diaza-1,3-dienes". Current Organic Chemistry 23, n. 2 (23 aprile 2019): 164–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272823666190227162840.

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N-Heterocyclic architectures are omnipresent in many bioactive natural products, synthetic drugs, and materials science, thus have evoked a vast research interest of academic, as well as industrial chemists. Recently, several efficient methods have been developed for the preparation of various nitrogen-containing compounds with in situ generated 1,2-diaza-1,3-dienes from the easily available precursors including α -haloketohydrazones, α-hydroxyl ketohydrazones, thiadiazole dioxides or their analogues, and other simple hydrazones. These methods are considered powerful tools in the synthesis of five-, six- and seven-membered ring heterocyclic compounds with good to excellent levels of conversions and selectivities. This review mainly summarizes recent advances on the chemistry of construction of versatile N-heterocycles from in situ generated 1,2-diaza-1,3- dienes and presents an extensive summary of the application scopes and limitations of the corresponding cyclization reactions. Moreover, enantioselective approaches are also covered.

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Buravchenko, Galina I., e Andrey E. Shchekotikhin. "Quinoxaline 1,4-Dioxides: Advances in Chemistry and Chemotherapeutic Drug Development". Pharmaceuticals 16, n. 8 (17 agosto 2023): 1174. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ph16081174.

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N-Oxides of heterocyclic compounds are the focus of medical chemistry due to their diverse biological properties. The high reactivity and tendency to undergo various rearrangements have piqued the interest of synthetic chemists in heterocycles with N-oxide fragments. Quinoxaline 1,4-dioxides are an example of an important class of heterocyclic N-oxides, whose wide range of biological activity determines the prospects of their practical use in the development of drugs of various pharmaceutical groups. Derivatives from this series have found application in the clinic as antibacterial drugs and are used in agriculture. Quinoxaline 1,4-dioxides present a promising class for the development of new drugs targeting bacterial infections, oncological diseases, malaria, trypanosomiasis, leishmaniasis, and amoebiasis. The review considers the most important methods for the synthesis and key directions in the chemical modification of quinoxaline 1,4-dioxide derivatives, analyzes their biological properties, and evaluates the prospects for the practical application of the most interesting compounds.

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Vishwakarma, Lav Kush Kumar, e Varsha Kashaw. "Nanocatalyzed Synthetic Approach for the Quinazolinone and Quinazoline Derivatives: A Review (2015 – Present)". Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 13, n. 3 (15 marzo 2023): 171–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v13i3.5765.

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Due to their diverse chemical reactivities and essential range of biological action, quinazolines and their derivatives rank among the most significant heterocyclic compounds. Quinazoline and quinazolinone scaffolds pharmacological properties have sparked medicinal chemists' interest in creating original medications or drug candidates. The growth of quinazoline hybrid lead compounds and the related heterocycles is summarised in the current review of medicinal chemistry. Additionally, by shedding light on the potential significance of these hybridised pharmacophoric characteristics in the demonstrating a range of pharmacological activities, the review contributes to the acceleration of the drug development process. Keywords: Fused Heterocycles, Quinazolinone and Quinazoline Derivatives, Drug Development

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Maji, Pradip Kumar. "Synthesis of Pyrimidine-Annulated Five-Membered Heterocycles: An Overview". Current Organic Chemistry 23, n. 20 (24 dicembre 2019): 2204–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1385272823666191019111627.

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This review describes the non-exhaustive scenery of the synthesis of various biologically interesting pyrimidine annulated five-membered heterocyclic ring systems that have been appeared in the literature during the last two decades. During this period, different synthetic routes and various methodologies have been developed for the functionalization of pyrimidine ring towards the construction of five-membered heterocyclic rings. The aim of this review is to give an overview of the assorted methodologies that have been reported about the chemistry of construction of pyrimidines annulated nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur containing five-membered heterocycles.

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Sajida. Munadi. Th.AL-Suraify e Mohammed Abdul-Mounther Othman. "Synthesis and study of spectrally diagnosed heterocyclic compound". International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (21 dicembre 2020): 2613–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4527.

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Abstract (sommario):

In general terms, medicinal chemistry manages the revelation & plan of recent remedial synthetic concoctions & its uses as meds. Throughout the most recent couple of decades, mixes bearing heterocyclic cores have gotten considerably more consideration of the scientific expert, because of their expansive chemo remedial exercises, for example, calming, anthelmintic, hostile to tubercular, against parasitic & hostile to microbial exercises. Furthermore, Heterocycles & medicines are both interred related, the human is totally dependent on drugs & most of the drugs are derived from heterocyclic compounds. Hetero cycles & their derivatives have been excited regards chemist mainly due to broad-spectrum chemical & pharmacological activities. Most of the heterocyclic compounds are naturally occurs & playing the important role of metabolism regards cells of living. There has been a bigger count of pharmacologically attracted compounds of heterocyclic, several of which have been under continues clinical utilization. This paper presented a detailed study of synthesis which is spectrally detected Heterocyclic compounds, in results described the antibacterial activity of (e)-s-4-(is nicotinamide)-5-(phenoxymethyl)-4h-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl 3-(substituted phenyl) prop-2- enethioate. (7a-7f) and antifungal activity of (e)-s-4-(isonicotinamido)-5-(phenoxymethyl)-4h-1, 2, 4-triazol-3-yl 3-(substituted phenyl) prop-2-enethioate. (7a-7f), antitubercular activity of against mycobacterium tuberculosis h37rv presented the scope of this paper.

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Francke, Robert. "Recent advances in the electrochemical construction of heterocycles". Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 10 (3 dicembre 2014): 2858–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.10.303.

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Abstract (sommario):

Due to the fact that the major portion of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals contains heterocyclic units and since the overall number of commercially used heterocyclic compounds is steadily growing, heterocyclic chemistry remains in the focus of the synthetic community. Enormous efforts have been made in the last decades in order to render the production of such compounds more selective and efficient. However, most of the conventional methods for the construction of heterocyclic cores still involve the use of strong acids or bases, the operation at elevated temperatures and/or the use of expensive catalysts and reagents. In this regard, electrosynthesis can provide a milder and more environmentally benign alternative. In fact, numerous examples for the electrochemical construction of heterocycles have been reported in recent years. These cases demonstrate that ring formation can be achieved efficiently under ambient conditions without the use of additional reagents. In order to account for the recent developments in this field, a selection of representative reactions is presented and discussed in this review.

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Hassan, Alaa A., Stefan Bräse, Ashraf A. Aly e Hendawy N. Tawfeek. "Chemistry of Substituted Thiazinanes and Their Derivatives". Molecules 25, n. 23 (28 novembre 2020): 5610. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25235610.

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Abstract (sommario):

Thiazinanes and its isomeric forms represent one of the most important heterocyclic compounds, and their derivatives represented a highly potent drug in disease treatment such as, 1,1-dioxido-1,2-thiazinan-1,6-naphthyridine, which has been shown to have anti-HIV activity by a mechanism that should work as anti-AIDS treatment, while (Z)-methyl 3-(naphthalen-1-ylimino)- 2-thia-4-azaspiro[5 5]undecane-4-carbodithioate showed analgesic activity, cephradine was used as antibiotic and chlormezanone was utilized as anticoagulants. All publications were interested in the chemistry of thiazine (partially or fully unsaturated heterocyclic six-membered ring containing nitrogen and sulfur), but no one was dealing with thiazinane itself which encouraged us to shed new light on these interesting heterocycles. This review was focused on the synthetic approaches of thiazinane derivatives and their chemical reactivity.

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Munzeiwa, Wisdom A., Bernard Omondi e Vincent O. Nyamori. "Architecture and synthesis of P,N-heterocyclic phosphine ligands". Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 16 (12 marzo 2020): 362–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.16.35.

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Diverse P,N-phosphine ligands reported to date have performed exceptionally well as auxiliary ligands in organometallic catalysis. Phosphines bearing 2-pyridyl moieties prominently feature in literature as compared to phosphines with five-membered N-heterocycles. This discussion seeks to paint a broad picture and consolidate different synthetic protocols and techniques for N-heterocyclic phosphine motifs. The introduction provides an account of P,N-phosphine ligands, and their structural and coordination benefits from combining heteroatoms with different basicity in one ligand. The body discusses the synthetic protocols which focus on P–C, P–N-bond formation, substrate and nucleophile types and different N-heterocycle construction strategies. Selected references are given in relation to the applications of the ligands.

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Haji, Mohammad. "Multicomponent reactions: A simple and efficient route to heterocyclic phosphonates". Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 12 (21 giugno 2016): 1269–301. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.12.121.

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Multicomponent reactions (MCRs) are one of the most important processes for the preparation of highly functionalized organic compounds in modern synthetic chemistry. As shown in this review, they play an important role in organophosphorus chemistry where phosphorus reagents are used as substrates for the synthesis of a wide range of phosphorylated heterocycles. In this article, an overview about multicomponent reactions used for the synthesis of heterocyclic compounds bearing a phosphonate group on the ring is given.

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Agarwal, Alka, Sanjeev Kumar e Anand Maurya. "Microwave-Assisted Synthesis of Heterocyclic Scaffolds". SynOpen 08, n. 03 (luglio 2024): 138–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-1775379.

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AbstractIn recent years, there has been a notable surge in the utilization of microwave energy, leading to the emergence of innovative and groundbreaking methods across various branches of chemistry, including organic synthesis, materials science, heterocyclic chemistry, and medicinal chemistry. This comprehensive literature review delves into the microwave-assisted organic synthesis of specific heterocycles, illuminating its effectiveness in producing diverse molecules with heightened efficiency and selectivity. The review highlights the significant role of microwave irradiation as a potent method for constructing a wide range of compounds. Particular emphasis is placed on the impact of the technique on synthesizing various hybrids such as 1,2,3-triazole hybrids, coumarin hybrids, imidazopyridine hybrids, phenanthridines hybrids, carbene hybrids, and oxazole hybrids. This article is valuable as it offers insights into current synthetic procedures and trends in developing innovative medications utilizing heterocyclic compounds.1 Introduction2 Synthesis of 1,2,3-Triazole Hybrids3 Coumarin Hybrids4 Imidazo Pyridine Hybrids5 Phenanthridine Hybrids6 Carbene Hybrids7 Oxazole Hybrids8 Conclusion

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Santhanalakshmi, K., K. Margandan, P. Manivannan e Rosy P. Jacquline. "Pharmacological significance of Oxadiazole scaffold". Research Journal of Chemistry and Environment 25, n. 8 (25 luglio 2022): 177–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.25303/258rjce177188.

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Abstract (sommario):

Heterocycles come under an important branch of organic chemistry that contains at least one atom other than carbon as a part of ring system. The most common hetero atoms that are widely used are nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur. In synthetic organic chemistry, synthesis of heterocyclic compound is of immense interest due to its therapeutic applications and their existence in several natural products like vitamins, hormones, antibiotics and alkaloids. The oxadiazole nucleus is one of the most significant and well known heterocyclic compounds due to its broad range of pharmacological and therapeutic activities like anti-depressant, anticonvulsant, anti-proliferate, anti-fungal, antiinflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-HIV, insecticidal, antimiotic, herbicidal, hypoglycemic and muscle relaxant etc. The wide and potent activities of oxadiazole and their derivatives have established them as pharmacologically significant scaffolds. The basic heterocyclic rings present in the several medicinal agents are 1,2,3-oxadiazole, 1,2,4- oxadiazole, 1,2,5- oxadiazole and 1, 3, 4- oxadiazole. Research has focused on oxadiazole and their derivatives to prove the pharmacological importance of heterocyclic nucleus. The present review will summarize the pharmacological activities reported for oxadiazole derivatives.

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Angeli, Andrea, Niccolò Paoletti e Claudiu T. Supuran. "Five-Membered Heterocyclic Sulfonamides as Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors". Molecules 28, n. 7 (4 aprile 2023): 3220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28073220.

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The development of heterocyclic derivatives has progressed considerably over the past decades, and many new carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) fall into this field. In particular, five-membered heterocyclic sulfonamides have been generally shown to be more effective inhibitors compared to six-membered rings ones. Despite the importance of oxygen and nitrogen five-membered heterocyclic aromatic rings in medicinal chemistry, the installation of sulfonamide moiety on such heterocycles has not received much attention. On the other hand, 1,3,4-thiadiazole/thiadiazoline ring-bearing sulfonamides are the scaffolds which have been widely used in a variety of pharmaceutically important CAIs such as acetazolamide, metazolamide and their many derivatives obtained by using the tail approach. Here, we reviewed the field focusing on the diverse biological activities of these CAIs, such as antiglaucoma, antiepileptic, antitumor and antiinfective properties. This review highlights developments involving five-membered heterocyclic sulfonamides over the last years, with a focus on their pharmacological/clinical applications.

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Ward, Mark F. "5 Heterocyclic chemistry". Annual Reports Section "B" (Organic Chemistry) 96 (2000): 157–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b002853n.

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Stockman, R. A. "6 Heterocyclic chemistry". Annu. Rep. Prog. Chem., Sect. B: Org. Chem. 100 (2004): 149–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/b401748j.

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Mukhopadhyay, Chhanda, e Rajiv Karmakar. "Green Synthetic Approach: A well-organized Eco-Friendly Tool for Synthesis of Bio-active Fused Heterocyclic Compounds". Current Green Chemistry 10 (20 gennaio 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2213346110666230120154516.

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Background: Heterocyclic chemistry is a highly significant and exciting segment of organic chemistry because of its high biological and pharmacological activities. An environmentally benign and synthetically proficient way of synthesis of fused heterocycles is the major goal of modern organic synthesis by developing greener synthetic strategies. Green synthetic approaches address our future challenges for the development of a bioactive heterocycle framework with maximum productivity and minimum side products. A few decades ago, novel tools for manufacturing fused heterocycles had a huge impact on organic chemistry. Subsequently, the preparation of fused heterocycles through a synthetically efficient and environmentally benign route is the important purpose of modern synthetic chemistry. Methods: This review consists of green synthetic strategies for the synthesis of N/O-containing various bio-active fused heterocyclic compounds using modern organic transformations including: cyclocondensation, cycloaddition, one-pot, multi-components, and other modular reactions. Some greener unconventional techniques such as ultrasound and microwave-assisted method, green solvent and solvent-free reaction medium are important modes adopted towards sustainability. Objective: This review aims to reflect the sustainability scope in green approaches to the synthesis of N/O-containing bio-active fused heterocyclic compounds so that economically and environmentally viable synthetic methodologies may be selectively identified and applied in academia and industries. Conclusion: In this review, we have discussed the recent advancements in green and eco-friendly tools for the synthesis of N/O-based bio-active fused heterocyclic compounds that will lead to further research in this field.

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Mir, Reyaz Hassan, Prince Ahad Mir, Roohi Mohi-ud-din, Saba Sabreen, Mudasir Maqbool, Abdul Jalil Shah, Kitika Shenmar, Syed Naeim Raza e Faheem Hyder Pottoo. "A Comprehensive Review on Journey of Pyrrole Scaffold against Multiple Therapeutic Targets". Anti-Cancer Agents in Medicinal Chemistry 22 (13 giugno 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1871520622666220613140607.

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Abstract: Heterocyclic compounds are that type of substances that are deeply intertwined with biological processes. Heterocycles are found in about 90% of commercially available medicines. In medicinal chemistry, finding new synthetic molecules with drug-like characteristics is a regular problem, which triggered the development of pharmacological molecules, the majority of which are based on N-heterocyclic motifs. Among the heterocycles, the pyrrole scaffold is the most commonly found heterocycle in both natural and synthetic bioactive compounds. Pyrrole has a five-membered heterocyclic ring with a plethora of pharmacophores, resulting in a library of different lead compounds. Pyrrole derivatives are physiologically active heterocyclic compounds that can be used as scaffolds for antibacterial, antiviral, anticancer, antitubercular, anti-inflammatory, and as enzyme inhibitors. On account of its extensive pharmacological profile, pyrrole and its various synthetic derivatives have drawn much attention among researchers to explore it for the benefit of humankind. This review presents an overview of recent developments in the pyrrole derivatives against multiple therapeutic targets.

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