Articoli di riviste sul tema "Hermès (Centre national de la recherche scientifique (France))"

Abstract. Without abstractAcknowledgements. The IEEY studies in the African sector were made possible by the participation of a large number of institutes. Funding was provided by the Ministère Français de la Coopération (Département de la Recherche et des Formations, and Département Télécommunications); ORSTOM (Département Terre Océan Atmosphère); CNET (France-Telecom Centre Lannion); the Ministère Français de la Recherche et de la Technologie; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (Département Sciences de l'Univers); the Centre à l'Energie Atomique; the Université Paris-Sud; Abidjan University, Ivory Coast; Dakar University, Senegal. We would like to express our deep gratitude to the many colleagues who have participated in the success of this experiment through their enormous personal commitment, to the Editorial Board of Annales Geophysicae and particularly to Sylviane Perret for producing this special issue.

Für s u b \ u r b a n sprach Philippe Greif mit dem französischen Politikwissenschaftler Dr. Fabien Jobard über den Begriff riot, städtische Gewaltund Konfliktlinien im aktuellen Forschungsstand zu diesen Themen. Fabien Jobard ist Directeur de recherche am Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) und derzeit als Gastforscher am Zentrum Marc Bloch in Berlin. Zu seinen Forschungsschwerpunkten gehören die Soziologie der Polizei und die Rechtsprechung. Zusammen mit David Waddington und Mike King ist er Herausgeber des 2013 erschienenen Sammelbandes Rioting in the UK and France. A comparative analysis.

Abstract. The OHP Temperature and Ozone Intercomparison Campaign (OTOIC) took place at the Observatoire de Haute Provence, France, from 1–18 July 1997. The NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) mobile lidar system was deployed at the Observatoire de Haute Provence (OHP) during a blind intercomparison as a part of the continuous validation process within the Network for the Detection of Stratospheric Change. The GSFC measurements were compared to two lidars permanently deployed at OHP and operated by the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), one measuring ozone and the other measuring temperature.

The fact that technologies are social productions is a reason why their transfers may be a field of interest for applied anthropologists. Since the 1930's, France has been a country where research into the ethnology of technologies has been institutionalized, in the Musée de l'Homme in Paris as well as at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique in the laboratory called "Techniques et Culture." In this line of research, technology is no longer considered a phenomenon completely detached from the social environment. On the contrary, it is closely tied to other social phenomena. Although the study of technologies in anthropology is sometimes considered a "poor relation" to anthropology, some anthropologists have generated a solid base of experience in sociological description and analysis of technologies and technical systems.

James D. Herbert, Paris 1937: Worlds on Exhibition (Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1998), 207 pp., £31.50, ISBN 0-801-43494-7. Andrea Kupfer Schneider, Creating the Musée d'Orsay. The Politics of Culture in France (University Park, PA: Pennsylvania State University Press, 1998), 150 pp., $25.00, ISBN 0-271-01752-X. Juan Pedro Lorente, Cathedral of Urban Modernity. The First Museums of Contemporary Art, 1800–1930 (Aldershot: Ashgate, 1998), £47.50, ISBN 1-859-28383-7. Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication, Direction des Musées de France, Centre national de la Recherche Scientifique, Centre de Sociologie des Organisations, Musée National du Moyen Age, Publics et projets culturels. Un enjeu des musées en Europe. Actes des Journées d'étude 26 et 27 octobre 1998, Paris, Musée national du Moyen Age (Paris: L'Harmattan, 2000), price not given, ISBN 2-738-48645-2. Paul Rasse, Les Musées à la lumière de l'espace public. Histoire, évolution, enjeux (Paris: L'Harmattan, Logiques Sociales, 1999), 238 pp., price not given, ISBN 2-738-47769-0. Selma Reuben Holo, Beyond the Prado. Museums and Identity in Democratic Spain (Liverpool University Press, 1999), 222 pp., price not given, ISBN 0-853-23535-X. Brandon Taylor, Art for the Nation. Exhibitions and the London Public 1747–2001 (Manchester University Press, 1990), 314 pp., price not given, ISBN 0-719-05452-4.

During a governmental mission to France in March of 1988 the author evaluated the effects of the status and professional practices of researchers on their work in the field of ‘social research’. This type of research is largely financed by sectorial ministeries and private associations formed under the provisions of the law of 1901. I examined the sociopolitical and scientific milieu of knowledge production in this field of study. Such research on social aspects of health, social problems and income security raises fundemental epistemological questions regarding its legitimacy, specificity, scientific validity, and applicability. A traditional theoretical orientation in social science research, lack of interest in funding this type of research at the CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche scientifique) and scientific ministries, and the precarious status of young researchers all characterize this new field of study and also constrain its development. However a new momentum is under way, due to recent initiatives by the Mission de Recherche et d’Experimentation (MIRE), the Ministère des affaires sociales et de l’emploi, and to political lobbying by public bodies and private organizations with the goal of revitalizing social research aimed at finding concrete and innovative solutions to contemporary problems through the application of research.

This paper tells the history of solid-state chemistry in France from 1945 to the present. There, the chemical study of solids was carried out by a national, academic community of solid-state chemists, which went through three successive organizational regimes. It was first framed by prewar traditions, taking the form of a feudal regime of Parisian research schools until the late 1950s. As the first post-World War II generation gained power and influence, research schools tended to drop their local specificity and the same disciplinary matrix spread across the country. This disciplinary regime was made possible through the centralized administration of the Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS). Finally, a multiplication of practices and socializations blurred common standards in the 1980s, which shifted the community toward a cluster regime where numerous thematic groups loosely interacted under a broader umbrella influenced by materials science. This case study investigates the institutional and epistemic structures and dynamics of a scientific community in a national context. The empirical analysis relies heavily on oral history, which affords special attention to the perceptions, discourses, and identities of the actors. The self-identification of chemists not only reflected their own beliefs but also constantly referred to their alter egos, the French solidstate physicists.

Le projet de recherche ADAM a été une coopération scientifique entre la France et la Roumanie dédiée à l'Assimilation de Données spatiales par Agro-Modélisation, dont le promoteur et commanditaire a été le Centre National d'Études Spatiales. Le papier présente les principales approches utilisées et les résultats novateurs obtenus dans ADAM: constitution de la première base de données de télédétection de référence, production d'une série temporelle d'images Spot XS de haute qualité, méthode de suivi de l'humidité surfacique du sol au long du cycle cultural à partir d'imagesradar, définition de la fréquence optimale de revisite pour l'agriculture à l'échelle de la parcelle, développement d'une stratégie performante d'assimilation variationnelle de données spatiales dans les modèles de fonctionnement du couvert végétal, calcul du modèle adjoint d'un modèle complexe de fonctionnement par différentiation automatique, améliorationde la modélisation du transfert radiatif par la prise en compte de l'agrégation des feuilles dans le couvert (modèle CLAMP).

Abstract Albert Rakoto Ratsimamanga arrived in France with the Malagasy delegation to the Colonial Exposition of 1931. The founder of the Association des Étudiants d’origine malgache (1934) and of the Mouvement démocratique pour la Rénovation de Madagascar (1946), he was a physician and a biologist, and he joined the Centre national de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) as a senior researcher, pursuing his scientific career and his nationalistic involvement in the postwar Paris of the 1950s. He was the first ambassador of the Malagasy Republic to France, for 13 years, before he returned to settle permanently in Madagascar in 1975. The transversality of his life course can be interpreted along several lines: chronologic straddling of this diasporic projection with political independence, loyalty to an aristocratic ethos with a progressive rallying to a republican conception of citizenship, and imperial circulation of knowledge attested to by the foundation of the Institut malgache de Recherches appliquées in 1957. Moreover, the paper points out the heuristic significance of the memorialization of his part as the nation’s father, standing up for the hypothesis of a retrospective enlightening of the state’s transmission continuum, within an ideological and institutional framework that was constantly being negotiated with the former colonial power.

The Institut Max von Laue-Paul Langevin (ILL) at Grenoble, France was formally founded in January 1967, with the signature of an intergovernmental convention between France and the Federal Republic of Germany. The aim was to provide the scientific community of the affiliated countries with a unique neutron beam facility applicable in fields such as the physics of condensed matter, chemistry, biology, nuclear physics, and materials science. The construction of the Institut and its high flux reactor was undertaken as a joint French-German project, with a total capital investment of 335 million French francs.The reactor first went critical in August 1971 and reached its full power of 57 MW for the first time in December 1971. The year 1972 saw the startup of the cold and hot sources, the first instruments, and the beginning of the experimental program.On January 1, 1973, the United Kingdom joined the Institut as a third equal partner, contributing its share to the total capital investment. In December 1986, an agreement on “Scientific Membership” for Spain was signed for a period of five years starting January 1, 1987. The ILL is a nontrading company under French civil law. The three countries are represented by the following associates: Kernforschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH (W. Germany), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique (France), and Science and Engineering Research Council (United Kingdom). These associates are represented on a Steering Committee which establishes the general rules of the management of the ILL.

Electrical parameters of the cuticle of the posterior gill lamella of the shore crab Carcinus maenas, were measured. When the cuticle was perfused with crab saline (CS) inside and sea water (SW) outside, ionic replacements or dilutions of the bathing solutions produced changes in potential that showed a selective permeability to cations with respect to anions. Similar measurements made with the cuticle bathed in single salt solutions gave the following permeability sequence: NH4+> Rb+> Cs+> K+> Na+≊Ca2+ > Li+> Tris+> Mg2+ HCO3−> CH3COO−> Cl−> SO42-. From conductance measurements, the permeability of the cuticle to Ca2+ and Na+ was about 10−3cms−1. K+ and NH4+ were about five times more permeant, while Mg2+permeability was 5×10−5 cms−1. The permeability of the cuticle to anions lay between 10−6 and 10−5 cms−1. In addition, the cuticle showed an asymmetrical behaviour. These results suggest that the low anionic cuticular permeability can interfere with ionic exchanges across the whole gill. Note: Present address: Laboratoire d'Etude des Régulations Physiologiques, associé à l'Université Louis Pasteur, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, 23 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg, France.

This study aims to investigate board diversity using bibliometric analysis. This study examines publication sources, authorship, citations, distribution of publications, and other bibliometric indicators. This study focuses on 290 articles published from 2013 to 2022. Using an automated process, these articles were extracted from the Scopus database and analyzed using bibliometric indicator analysis, VOSviewer, Microsoft Excel, OpenRefine and Perish or Publish. A total of 290 research articles and reviews on board diversity were included in this study. The present study found that the United States was the most productive country (n = 61), followed by the United Kingdom (n = 42), Australia (n = 29), and China (n = 27). The Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), France (n = 8) was the most prominent institution. This study unveils relevant articles, authors, and journals that have discussed board diversity. This study's findings can inform practitioners of the state of the art and the particulars of the most prolific studies. In addition, this study aims to clarify the project themes and tools utilized most frequently in these works. The locations of influential articles and their authors are disclosed. In addition, a list of often-used terms aids in developing a research agenda that highlights pertinent themes, methods, and industries.

Apresentação do texto Nathalie Heinich é uma socióloga francesa com extensa trajetória nos estudos da recepção em arte, com especial interesse pelas situações de desacordo na avaliação das obras pelos públicos. Sua atuação profissional inclui a direção de pesquisas no CNRS (Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique) e na EHESS (École des Hautes Etudes en Sciences Sociales), ambas instituições referenciais na França. As investigações da autora abrangem a sociologia da arte, a epistemologia das ciências sociais e a sociologia dos valores, com notáveis incursões pela instância receptiva das artes visuais e, em especial, pelos conflitos axiológicos emergidos da relação das audiências não especializadas com a produção artística contemporânea, em contextos nacionais como a França e os Estados Unidos. O texto aqui traduzido resulta de um trabalho de campo realizado por ela, em 1996, na Costa Leste dos EUA, tendo sido originalmente publicado no volume Rethinking Comparative Cultural Sociology: Repertoires of Evaluation in France and the United States (2000), organizado por Michèle Lamont e Laurent Thévenot. Destacam-se, nas análises de Heinich, as especificidades das formas de rejeição à arte contemporânea nesses dois países, com a significativa coincidência, no caso norte-americano, entre as reações de repúdio à arte e as agendas morais e cívicas próprias às “guerras culturais”. Resumo do texto Estudo comparativo entre os ambientes culturais francês e norte-americano, o texto adota como viés analítico as várias formas de rejeição às artes visuais contemporâneas. O cotejo testado revela, todavia, diferenças inconciliáveis tanto no que se refere aos instrumentos de aferição usados nesses países como no que diz respeito à natureza dos valores mobilizados por públicos contrariados. Focado nos valores movimentados por audiências leigas, o estudo evidencia os contrastes entre os modos mais discretos e subjetivos das refutações na França, além da raridade de sua figuração na arena pública, e as controvérsias midiatizadas e politicamente informadas das “guerras culturais” norte-americanas. Apesar das discrepâncias, uma tipologia de matriz axiológica derivada de casos registrados nesses países permite a confrontação das realidades.

Trace elements may have different functions in human and animal metabolism: some are toxic (e.g., Hg), others are essential to maintain good health (e.g., Ca), or they can be essential but also toxic, depending on the concentration in the body or in parts thereof (e.g., Se).The importance of various aspects of trace elements in relation to food is steadily increasing in the perception of the consumer and the respective authorities: food contaminants, essential and toxic elements, bioavailability and speciation, nutritional value and fortified food, reliable measurement of contents, etc. In addition, through the many minor and major food-related incidents during recent years the consumer is becoming more concerned about the quality and safety of food. As a result, research and development efforts in this area have also been increased and/or been redirected.TEF-2 was organized in Brussels 7-8 October 2004 by the Institute of Reference Materials and Measurements of the Joint Research Centre of the European Commission, with the support of the Department of Food Analysis, Institute of Agricultural and Food Biotechnology of the University of Warzaw, Poland and the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, France. It was carried through under the auspices of IUPAC.The objectives laid down for the symposium were- presenting state-of-the-art analytical methods for the enforcement of legal limits of trace elements in food;- disseminating new ideas and findings within the scientific community;- providing a forum for the exchange of new knowledge and experience between R&D, authorities, and industry; and- bringing together experts in the field with newcomers.TEF-2 was attended by 93 participants from 60 different institutions in 23 countries. It consisted of 26 lectures and 56 posters, structured according to the following four main topics:- trace elements in the food chain (from the environment to shelf product) including the effects of processing and of legislation- trace element bioavailability-toxicological and nutritional aspects- fortified food and supplementation legislation, manufacturing and labeling, standards- advances in trace element analysis in food matricesIt was emphasized that the field of trace elements in food is a lively research area, which generates interest and involvement from researchers, authorities, and industry, of course triggered and nurtured by the equally high interest of the consumer. A selection of the invited contributions to TEF-2 is presented in the subsequent seven papers in this issue.The importance of scientific exchange in this field was, again, recognized during TEF-2. Therefore, the continuation of this series of conferences was discussed, and the venue for the subsequent TEF-3 was decided. It will be organized by R. Lobinski of CNRS in Pau, France, at the beginning of October 2008.Michael BickelConference Editor

Une expertise scientifique collective conduite par l’Inra (INRA 2012) pointe l’importance des flux d’azote liés aux activités d’élevage et identifie des leviers pour limiter la pression sur l’environnement. Depuis une vingtaine d’années, les pollutions azotées font l’objet de diverses législations et plans d’action dans le cadre des politiques relatives à la qualité des eaux, de l’air et des écosystèmes. La transposition de la directive «Nitrates» (12 décembre 1991) fait actuellement l’objet d’un contentieux avec la commission européenne. C’est dans ce contexte que les ministères français en charge de l’Agriculture et de l’Ecologie ont sollicité l’Inra pour dresser un bilan de l’état des connaissances scientifiques sur les flux d’azote en élevage et leur devenir. L’objectif était de mettre à disposition des décideurs et des acteurs publics et privés les connaissances scientifiques actualisées et d’identifier des options permettant de réduire les pressions de l’azote sur l’environnement. 1/LA MÉTHODE D’EXPERTISE SCIENTIFIQUE COLLECTIVELe travail d’expertise a été porté par un collectif de 22 experts. Deux tiers d’entre eux appartiennent à l’Inra, un tiers à d’autres organismes de recherche (Irstea, CNRS, universités) dont deux experts des Pays-Bas (WUR) et un du Canada (Agriculture et Agroalimentaire Canada). Les sciences sociales ont fourni un quart de l’effectif d’experts, la zootechnie et l’approche systémique des systèmes d’élevage 40% et le complément regroupe des spécialistes des cycles biogéochimiques et de l’agronomie. La méthode a consisté à dresser un état des lieux critique des connaissances scientifiques publiées. Quelque 1360 références bibliographiques (2900 auteurs) ont été sélectionnées parmi les articles les plus récents (80% des sources sont postérieures à 1998) et relatifs ou transposables au cadre géographique français. L’analyse a privilégié l’échelle de l’exploitation agricole car c’est l’unité de référence des politiques agricoles et environnementales et des actions agronomiques. Cependant les informations scientifiques portent souvent sur un niveau infra : l’animal, l’atelier d’élevage, la parcelle, le bâtiment, la zone de stockage, etc., ou sur un niveau supra : le bassin versant, le paysage, les statistiques et modélisations nationales et internationales. Ces différents niveaux d’information ont permis d’approcher les variations entre productions et celles liées aux pratiques agricoles. 2 / L’EXPERTISE A MIS EN AVANT LE RÔLE MAJEUR DE L’ÉLEVAGE DANS LES FLUX D’AZOTE ET LES IMPACTS POTENTIELS 2.1 / Les flux d’azote en élevage et les fuites vers l’environnement sont élevésL’élevage utilise plus des trois quarts des quantités d’azote entrant dans les systèmes agricoles. Mais l’efficience, c’est-à-dire le rapport entre les sorties valorisées et les entrées d’azote, calculée au niveau de l’animal est globalement faible : souvent beaucoup moins de la moitié de l’azote ingéré se retrouve sous forme de protéines consommables, lait, œufs et viande. A l’échelle de l’exploitation d’élevage, une part de l’azote excrété dans les déjections est recyclée avec les effluents mais l’efficience reste néanmoins généralement inférieure à 50%. Le reste de l’azote se disperse dans l’environnement. L’élevage contribue ainsi pour environ la moitié aux pertes nationales de nitrates vers les eaux, et pour plus des trois quarts aux émissions nationales atmosphériques azotées, notamment sous forme d’ammoniac (et jusqu’à 90% si on tient compte du fait qu’une grande partie des engrais industriels est employée sur les cultures utilisées pour produire des aliments du bétail). L’azote se trouve de ce fait à la croisée de préoccupations croissantes en termes de compétitivité des filières animales et d’impacts sur l’environnement et sur la santé humaine. Ces impacts ont été récemment décrits dans une expertise européenne (European Nitrogen Assessment 2011). Ils interviennent au niveau de l’écosystème environnant (dépôts de NH3), de la région (NH3, NO3 -) et plus globalement dans le changement climatique (émissions de N2O). 2.2 / La question de l’azote ne se réduit pas à celles du nitrate, les émissions de NH3 constituent un enjeu fort Alors qu’en France, la question du nitrate a longtemps focalisé les débats, dans certains pays d’Europe du Nord, l’ammoniacest aussi de longue date au centre des préoccupations. D’abord étudié pour son rôle dans l’acidification et l’eutrophisation des milieux, l’ammoniac est aujourd’hui examiné dans le cadre de la pollution de l’air par les particules. Au niveau national, le premier contributeur d’émissions d’ammoniac est l’élevage bovin. 2.3 / Risques et impacts dépendent aussi de la sensibilité des territoires et de leur capacité d’épurationLes teneurs en nitrate des eaux ne dépendent pas seulement du niveau de surplus des bilans azotés mais aussi du climat, des types de sol, de la topographie et des modes d’occupation des sols : densité animale, part des terres agricoles dans les utilisations totales des surfaces, importance des prairies permanentes, etc. La présence majoritaire de prairies au sein des territoires réduit les risques de fuites de nitrate et d’émissions d’ammoniac. 3/LES FLUX D’AZOTE SONT AUSSI DÉTERMINÉS PAR DES CONSIDÉRATIONS ÉCONOMIQUES ET JURIDIQUES3.1 / La concentration spatiale des élevages a un rôle déterminant dans les impacts des pollutions azotéesLes plus fortes pressions azotées se situent dans les territoires de l’Ouest qui combinent productions de ruminants et de monogastriques. Les quantités d’azote contenues dans les effluents y dépassent parfois largement les capacités d’absorption des surfaces agricoles. Les territoires d’élevage plus extensifs connaissent des pressions azotées faibles. Cette hétérogénéité s’explique par la concentration géographique des filières animales, résultant principalement de facteurs économiques dont les moteurs relèvent des économies d’échelle et des économies d’agglomération qui sont liées à l’intensification et à la spécialisation des élevages ainsi qu’à leur concentration territoriale. La littérature scientifique pointe la difficulté de sortir d’une telle trajectoire, notamment parce que le fonctionnement technique et économique des acteurs des filières (producteurs d’intrants, éleveurs, transformateurs) est étroitement dépendant. 3.2 / L’encadrement juridique n’a pas permis d’atteindre les objectifs environnementaux La réglementation française a abouti à une multiplicité de zonages auxquels sont dédiés des normes, obligations ou programmes d’action volontaire. L’architecture d’ensemble est confuse et ses résultats critiqués de longue date. Parmi les difficultés rencontrées, la littérature pointe i) le caractère diffus des pollutions, qui, à la différence d’autres pays, n’a pas incité en France àune responsabilisation individuelle des éleveurs, ii) l’intégration de préoccupations économiques et sociales dans les politiques environnementales, iii) le suivi des objectifs environnementaux confié aux acteurs du développement agricole et les échelles administratives peu pertinentes vis-à-vis du réseau hydrographique. Enfin, la multiplicité des formes de pollution azotée pose la question de la cohérence d’ensemble des politiques, notamment entre les critères de la directive «Nitrates» et ceux la Convention de Genève sur la pollution atmosphérique (1979). 4/DE NOMBREUSES PISTES DE PROGRÈS EXISTENT QUI ENGAGENT PLUS OU MOINS EXPLOITANTS AGRICO- LES, TERRITOIRES ET FILIÈRES D’ÉLEVAGE4.1 / Améliorer les pratiques à l’échelle de l’exploitationLa littérature fournit de nombreuses pistes d’actions pour limiter les pertes d’azote dans l’exploitation (figure 1). Il est encore possible d’optimiser la nutrition azotée des animaux, cependant les gains escomptés sont modestes en regard des enjeux. La maîtrise de la chaîne de gestion des effluents ouvre plus de marges de manœuvre pour préserver l’azote organique et réduire les achats d’engrais minéraux. En effet, selon les modalités de gestion des effluents, les fuites vers l’environnement varient de 30 à 75% de l’azote rejeté par les animaux. Des innovations sont déjà disponibles pour le stockage et l’épandage, même si les incertitudes sur les facteurs de variation des émissions sont encore grandes. Il est enfin démontré que développer les prairies à base de légumineuses, les cultures intermédiaires pièges à nitrate (Cipan) et ajuster les rotations réduit les risques de lixiviation du nitrate. A l’échelle des systèmes, les modes de production à bas intrants (moins de fertilisants et d’aliments riches en protéines) améliorent l’efficience de l’azote et limitent donc les pertes vers l’environnement. Les indicateurs de type bilan d’azote à l’échelle de l’exploitation et de ses sous-systèmes (troupeau, gestion des effluents, sols et cultures) sont des outils adaptés pour identifier les sources d’inefficacité et rechercher les voies d’amélioration les mieux adaptées localement. De nombreux autres indicateurs approchent les niveaux d’émissions, de pollution ou les impacts, mais ne sont pas toujours d’usage facile. pour le document complet voir le pdf https://www6.inrae.fr/productions-animales/content/download/6365/88149/version/1/file/nouvelles+de+la+recherche.pdf

Abstract. 1. The conference The third conference on "Nonlinear VAriability in Geophysics: scaling and multifractal processes" (NVAG 3) was held in Cargese, Corsica, Sept. 10-17, 1993. NVAG3 was joint American Geophysical Union Chapman and European Geophysical Society Richardson Memorial conference, the first specialist conference jointly sponsored by the two organizations. It followed NVAG1 (Montreal, Aug. 1986), NVAG2 (Paris, June 1988; Schertzer and Lovejoy, 1991), five consecutive annual sessions at EGS general assemblies and two consecutive spring AGU meeting sessions. As with the other conferences and workshops mentioned above, the aim was to develop confrontation between theories and experiments on scaling/multifractal behaviour of geophysical fields. Subjects covered included climate, clouds, earthquakes, atmospheric and ocean dynamics, tectonics, precipitation, hydrology, the solar cycle and volcanoes. Areas of focus included new methods of data analysis (especially those used for the reliable estimation of multifractal and scaling exponents), as well as their application to rapidly growing data bases from in situ networks and remote sensing. The corresponding modelling, prediction and estimation techniques were also emphasized as were the current debates about stochastic and deterministic dynamics, fractal geometry and multifractals, self-organized criticality and multifractal fields, each of which was the subject of a specific general discussion. The conference started with a one day short course of multifractals featuring four lectures on a) Fundamentals of multifractals: dimension, codimensions, codimension formalism, b) Multifractal estimation techniques: (PDMS, DTM), c) Numerical simulations, Generalized Scale Invariance analysis, d) Advanced multifractals, singular statistics, phase transitions, self-organized criticality and Lie cascades (given by D. Schertzer and S. Lovejoy, detailed course notes were sent to participants shortly after the conference). This was followed by five days with 8 oral sessions and one poster session. Overall, there were 65 papers involving 74 authors. In general, the main topics covered are reflected in this special issue: geophysical turbulence, clouds and climate, hydrology and solid earth geophysics. In addition to AGU and EGS, the conference was supported by the International Science Foundation, the Centre Nationale de Recherche Scientifique, Meteo-France, the Department of Energy (US), the Commission of European Communities (DG XII), the Comite National Francais pour le Programme Hydrologique International, the Ministere de l'Enseignement Superieur et de la Recherche (France). We thank P. Hubert, Y. Kagan, Ph. Ladoy, A. Lazarev, S.S. Moiseev, R. Pierrehumbert, F. Schmitt and Y. Tessier, for help with the organization of the conference. However special thanks goes to A. Richter and the EGS office, B. Weaver and the AGU without whom this would have been impossible. We also thank the Institut d' Etudes Scientifiques de Cargese whose beautiful site was much appreciated, as well as the Bar des Amis whose ambiance stimulated so many discussions. 2. Tribute to L.F. Richardson With NVAG3, the European geophysical community paid tribute to Lewis Fry Richardson (1881-1953) on the 40th anniversary of his death. Richardson was one of the founding fathers of the idea of scaling and fractality, and his life reflects the European geophysical community and its history in many ways. Although many of Richardson's numerous, outstanding scientific contributions to geophysics have been recognized, perhaps his main contribution concerning the importance of scaling and cascades has still not received the attention it deserves. Richardson was the first not only to suggest numerical integration of the equations of motion of the atmosphere, but also to attempt to do so by hand, during the First World War. This work, as well as a presentation of a broad vision of future developments in the field, appeared in his famous, pioneering book "Weather prediction by numerical processes" (1922). As a consequence of his atmospheric studies, the nondimensional number associated with fluid convective stability has been called the "Richardson number". In addition, his book presents a study of the limitations of numerical integration of these equations, it was in this book that - through a celebrated poem - that the suggestion that turbulent cascades were the fundamental driving mechanism of the atmosphere was first made. In these cascades, large eddies break up into smaller eddies in a manner which involves no characteristic scales, all the way from the planetary scale down to the viscous scale. This led to the Richardson law of turbulent diffusion (1926) and tot he suggestion that particles trajectories might not be describable by smooth curves, but that such trajectories might instead require highly convoluted curves such as the Peano or Weierstrass (fractal) curves for their description. As a founder of the cascade and scaling theories of atmospheric dynamics, he more or less anticipated the Kolmogorov law (1941). He also used scaling ideas to invent the "Richardson dividers method" of successively increasing the resolution of fractal curves and tested out the method on geographical boundaries (as part of his wartime studies). In the latter work he anticipated recent efforts to study scale invariance in rivers and topography. His complex life typifies some of the hardships that the European scientific community has had to face. His educational career is unusual: he received a B.A. degree in physics, mathematics, chemistry, biology and zoology at Cambridge University, and he finally obtained his Ph.D. in mathematical psychology at the age of 47 from the University of London. As a conscientious objector he was compelled to quit the United Kingdom Meteorological Office in 1920 when the latter was militarized by integration into the Air Ministry. He subsequently became the head of a physics department and the principal of a college. In 1940, he retired to do research on war, which was published posthumously in book form (Richardson, 1963). This latter work is testimony to the trauma caused by the two World Wars and which led some scientists including Richardson to use their skills in rational attempts to eradicate the source of conflict. Unfortunately, this remains an open field of research. 3. The contributions in this special issue Perhaps the area of geophysics where scaling ideas have the longest history, and where they have made the largest impact in the last few years, is turbulence. The paper by Tsinober is an example where geometric fractal ideas are used to deduce corrections to standard dimensional analysis results for turbulence. Based on local spontaneous breaking of isotropy of turbulent flows, the fractal notion is used in order to deduce diffusion laws (anomalous with respect to the Richardson law). It is argued that his law is ubiquitous from the atmospheric boundary layer to the stratosphere. The asymptotic intermittency exponent i hypothesized to be not only finite but to be determined by the angular momentum flux. Schmitt et al., Chigirinskaya et al. and Lazarev et al. apply statistical multifractal notions to atmospheric turbulence. In the former, the formal analogy between multifractals and thermodynamics is exploited, in particular to confirm theoretical predictions that sample-size dependent multifractal phase transitions occur. While this quantitatively explains the behavior of the most extreme turbulent events, it suggests that - contrary to the type of multifractals most commonly discussed in the literature which are bounded - more violent (unbounded) multifractals are indeed present in the atmospheric wind field. Chigirinskaya et al. use a tropical rather than mid-latitude set to study the extreme fluctuations form yet another angle: That of coherent structures, which, in the multifractal framework, are identified with singularities of various orders. The existence of a critical order of singularity which distinguishes violent "self-organized critical structures" was theoretically predicted ten years ago; here it is directly estimated. The second of this two part series (Lazarev et al.) investigates yet another aspect of tropical atmospheric dynamics: the strong multiscaling anisotropy. Beyond the determination of universal multifractal indices and critical singularities in the vertical, this enables a comparison to be made with Chigirinskaya et al.'s horizontal results, requiring an extension of the unified scaling model of atmospheric dynamics. Other approaches to the problem of geophysical turbulence are followed in the papers by Pavlos et al., Vassiliadis et al., Voros et al. All of them share a common assumption that a very small number of degrees of freedom (deterministic chaos) might be sufficient for characterizing/modelling the systems under consideration. Pavlos et al. consider the magnetospheric response to solar wind, showing that scaling occurs both in real space (using spectra), and also in phase space; the latter being characterized by a correlation dimension. The paper by Vassiliadis et al. follows on directly by investigating the phase space properties of power-law filtered and rectified gaussian noise; the results further quantify how low phase space correlation dimensions can occur even with very large number of degrees of freedom (stochastic) processes. Voros et al. analyze time series of geomagnetic storms and magnetosphere pulsations, also estimating their correlation dimensions and Lyapounov exponents taking special care of the stability of the estimates. They discriminate low dimensional events from others, which are for instance attributed to incoherent waves. While clouds and climate were the subject of several talks at the conference (including several contributions on multifractal clouds), Cahalan's contribution is the only one in this special issue. Addressing the fundamental problem of the relationship of horizontal cloud heterogeneity and the related radiation fields, he first summarizes some recent numerical results showing that even for comparatively thin clouds that fractal heterogeneity will significantly reduce the albedo. The model used for the distribution of cloud liquid water is the monofractal "bounded cascade" model, whose properties are also outlined. The paper by Falkovich addresses another problem concerning the general circulation: the nonlinear interaction of waves. By assuming the existence of a peak (i.e. scale break) at the inertial oscillation frequency, it is argued that due to remarkable cancellations, the interactions between long inertio-gravity waves and Rossby waves are anomalously weak, producing a "wave condensate" of large amplitude so that wave breaking with front creation can occur. Kagan et al., Eneva and Hooge et al. consider fractal and multifractal behaviour in seismic events. Eneva estimates multifractal exponents of the density of micro-earthquakes induced by mining activity. The effects of sample limitations are discussed, especially in order to distinguish between genuine from spurious multifractal behaviour. With the help of an analysis of the CALNET catalogue, Hooge et al. points out, that the origin of the celebrated Gutenberg-Richter law could be related to a non-classical Self-Organized Criticality generated by a first order phase transition in a multifractal earthquake process. They also analyze multifractal seismic fields which are obtained by raising earthquake amplitudes to various powers and summing them on a grid. In contrast, Kagan, analyzing several earthquake catalogues discussed the various laws associated with earthquakes. Giving theoretical and empirical arguments, he proposes an additive (monofractal) model of earthquake stress, emphasizing the relevance of (asymmetric) stable Cauchy probability distributions to describe earthquake stress distributions. This would yield a linear model for self-organized critical earthquakes. References: Kolmogorov, A.N.: Local structure of turbulence in an incompressible liquid for very large Reynolds number, Proc. Acad. Sci. URSS Geochem. Sect., 30, 299-303, 1941. Perrin, J.: Les Atomes, NRF-Gallimard, Paris, 1913. Richardson, L.F.: Weather prediction by numerical process. Cambridge Univ. Press 1922 (republished by Dover, 1965). Richardson, L.F.: Atmospheric diffusion on a distance neighbour graph. Proc. Roy. of London A110, 709-737, 1923. Richardson, L.F.: The problem of contiguity: an appendix of deadly quarrels. General Systems Yearbook, 6, 139-187, 1963. Schertzer, D., Lovejoy, S.: Nonlinear Variability in Geophysics, Kluwer, 252 pp, 1991.

RESUMENLa historiografía sobre la muerte, desarrollada entre finales de los años setenta y noventa de la pasada centuria, tuvo especial interés y proyección a partir de las investigaciones trazadas por la tercera generación de Annales. Los planteamientos de esta corriente, en sintonía con los modelos de dicha escuela y avalados por la renovación del objeto histórico tras el estructuralismo, giraron alrededor del estudio de las condiciones materiales, actitudes, imágenes y gestualidad del hombre medieval ante la muerte. El cuerpo de esta fructífera reflexión, como parcela de la “historia de las mentalidades”, albergó novedades metodológicas, facilitando una visión y proyección heurística, debido al impacto que tuvo dentro del diálogo de la historia con las ciencias sociales y otras disciplinas del quehacer humanístico. A finales del siglo xx y comienzo del presente, el giro producido en el quehacer histórico ha otorgado un mayor protagonismo a lo social y cultural, colocando en el lugar protagonista ocupado durante décadas por la “historia de la muerte” otros intereses. Compete, por tanto, plantearse qué horizontes cabría dibujar, dentro de las coordenadas historiográficas de la actualidad, para las investigaciones sobre la muerte, cuyas paradojas siguen vigentes como recurso para conocer los fenómenos y manifestaciones propias de la civilización medieval.Palabras clave: Muerte medieval, historiografía de la muerte ABSTRACTThe historiography of death developed between the late 1970s and the 1990s was of special interest and projection. It was based on research carried out by the third generation of the Annales. The approaches developed in line with the models of this school of thought and underpinned by the renewal of the historical object following structuralism, revolved around the study of material conditions, attitudes, images and gestures of the medieval man in the face of death. The core of this prolific reflection as part of the “history of mentalities” contained methodological novelties facilitating a heuristic vision and projection due to the impact it had on the dialogue between History and Social Sciences and other humanistic disciplines. At the end of the 20th century and the beginning of the current the shift in historical endeavour has given greater prominence to what is social and cultural, placing other interests in the key role for decades occupied by the “history of death”. For researching into death, it is necessary therefore to consider what perceptions can be drawn within the historiographical coordinates of the present day whose paradoxes are still valid as a resource to understand the phenomena and manifestations of medieval civilisation.Keywords: mediaeval death, historiography of death REFERENCIASActas de las I Jornadas de Metodología Aplicada de las Ciencias Históricas. V. Paleografía y archivística, Santiago de Compostela, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Servicio de Publicaciones, 1975.Alexandre-Bidon, D., La mort au Moyen Âge: xiiie-xvie, París, Editorial Hachette, 1998.Alexandre-Bidon, D. y Treffort, C. (dirs.), A reveiller les morts. La mort au quotidien dans l’Occident médieval, Lyon, Presses Universitaires de Lyon, 1993.Ariès, P., Essais sur l’histoire de la mort en Occident du Moyen Âge á nous jours, París, Éditions du Seuil, 1975 (trad. Historia de la muerte en Occidente. 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Cette année fêtait la XXVe édition de la finale du concours des Olympiades de Physique France. Cette manifestation a été accueillie par l’Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA) de Toulouse, avec la participation du Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS) et de l’Université de Toulouse, les 2 et 3 février 2018, à l’invitation de la section de Toulouse de la Société Française de Physique et de la section académique de Toulouse de l’Union des Professeurs de Physique et de Chimie. Elle s’est ainsi inscrite dans le cadre de « Toulouse, capitale européenne de la Science 2018 ».

This data paper describes the results of a 10-year scientific investigation of a biodiversity-rich private golf estate in south-eastern France in partnership with PatriNat (Office français de la biodiversité/Centre national de la recherche scientifique/Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement). In total, 3,160 species and subspecies, including 1,796 arthropods and 1,049 flora, were inventoried and 65 habitat types were surveyed and mapped. This project is the first All taxa biodiversity inventory (ATBI) in a private property in France with all information available in open data. The 20 datasets of fauna, flora, lichens and habitat types from the Bois de Bouis estate are now publicly available. Between 2012 and 2022, more than 22,000 occurrences were recorded, checked and published in the INPN information system. All this information is available in open access in the French portal OpenObs, operated by PatriNat and in the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF). This data paper provides an overview of the project, its main results and its contribution to the French National Inventory of Natural Heritage (INPN). This data paper presents a list eight species never previously recorded to France; three Hymenoptera: Charitopes leucobasis Townes, 1983 (Ichneumonidae), Dryinus tussaci Olmi, 1989 (Dryinidae) and Sparasion munitus Kozlov & Kononova, 1990 (Sparasionidae) and five Diptera: Clusiodes apicalis (Zetterstedt, 1848) (Clusiidae), Dicraeus vagans (Meigen, 1838) (Chloropidae), Stilpon intermedius Raffone, 1994, Stilpon subnubilus Chvala, 1988 and Tachydromia undulata (Strobl, 1906) (Hybotidae). It also includes a table comparing the project to 18 All-taxa biodiversity inventories in France and Belgium and published for the first time.

ABSTRACT Renata Basto is a Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Team Leader at the Institut Curie and Deputy Director of the Cell Biology and Cancer Research Unit in Paris, France. Renata completed her undergraduate degree at the University of Lisbon, Portugal, before moving abroad to Gif-sur-Yvette, France for her doctoral studies on mitotic spindle assembly checkpoint proteins in Drosophila, mentored by Prof. Rui Gomes and Prof. Roger Karess. She then received a postdoctoral fellowship with Prof. Jordan Raff at the University of Cambridge, UK, where her work helped identify centrosome amplification as a tumour-initiating mechanism. In 2008, she joined the Department of Cell Biology at CNRS and the Institut Curie, where her laboratory studies the roles of centrosomes, and mechanisms of mitotic spindle assembly, polyploidy and genetic instability in development, health and disease. Renata joined Journal of Cell Science as an Editor in August 2023, bringing to the journal her significant expertise in the cell biology of centrosomes, spindle proteins, microtubules and mitosis. We spoke with Renata over Zoom to learn about her fascinating career, her advice for young scientists and the impact she hopes to make as an Editor.

AbstractThe relationship between international collaboration and scientific impact is studied in the context of South American universities. This study aims to comprehensively analyze the strength of this relationship using nonparametric statistical methods. The records are the 244,300 papers published in journals indexed in Scopus (2011–2020) by researchers affiliated to 10 South American public universities and extracted with Scival support. There is a marked trend of collaborative work, since 93% of publications were collaborative at institutional, national or international level, with a higher percentage of international collaboration. A refined analysis of the geographic collaboration of publications in Q1 journals further evidences the frequency of international collaboration. In the top 4 collaborating partner institutions for each university, the presence of the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique of France (CNRS) is observed, followed by the National Council for Scientific and Technical Research of Argentina (Conicet). It is proven that there is a statistically significant relationship (p < .01) in each of the 10 universities between collaboration (number of countries) and normalized impact (FWCI). The results confirmed the hypothesis of this study and the authors provide practical recommendations for science policy makers and researchers, including the promotion of strategic collaboration between different institutional sectors of society to increase the impact of publications.

The stratospheric ozone (O3) is one of the most important gases in our atmosphere due to its capacity to absorb biologically harmful solar radiation (called UV-B) that would otherwise arrive to the terrestrial surface producing dangerous effects on different organisms. On the other hand, the nitrogen dioxide (NO2) is a key trace gas in the ozone photochemical. The systematic sensing of the concentration of NO2 and other minority gases is essential in order to understand the stratospheric ozone destruction and formation processes. In this work we present the study carried out on the seasonal variation of the atmospheric O3 and NO2 vertical column concentration, using a SAOZ spectrometer (System d' Analyse par Observation Zenitale) belonging to the Service d'Aéronomie (Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, France), located in Río Gallegos, Santa Cruz province (51º 36’ S, 69º 19’ W), in the CEILAP-RG remote sensing station. We analyze the correlation between the O3 and NO2 concentration and study the behavior of these gases in ozone hole situation. Likewise, we compare the ground-based measurement with those coming from the OMI/AURA (Ozone Monitoring Instrument, AURA satellite)

Abstract Interdisciplinarity is a fundamental asset in today’s research landscape, but its rules and habits vary from those of disciplinary approaches. This article aims to evaluate the impact of researchers’ participation in interdisciplinary projects on their scientific careers. To do so, we conducted a survey of researchers working at the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), the largest public, multi-disciplinary research institution in France. The survey is based on a sample of 970 respondents representative of scientists from all disciplines and involved to varying degrees in interdisciplinarity. The main results indicate that involvement in interdisciplinary projects often starts very early (PhD, post-doc), and that interdisciplinarity is not slowing down career development. Interdisciplinarity has however certain specificities like the longer duration of projects, or the absence of adequate scientific journals. In terms of valorization of scientific results, differences to disciplinary uses are found. Assessment criteria for interdisciplinary projects or careers do not take sufficient account of these specificities; they are considered inadequate to the challenges of interaction between disciplines and should be rethought. We make four proposals, which we believe essential to better recognize interdisciplinary scientific engagement. Peer Review https://www.webofscience.com/api/gateway/wos/peer-review/10.1162/qss_a_00265

Submarine landslides, one of the hotspots in marine geoscience research, are one of the most harmful marine geological disasters. To understand the research status and further research directions of submarine landslides, this paper analyzed the global submarine landslide-related work during the period from 2001 to 2020. To achieve this objective, Science Citation Index Expand and the Social Sciences Citation Index, belonging to the WoS Core Collection, were the two bibliographic databases selected as a reference. In this study, we focused on document types, publishing languages, subject categories, journals’ productivity, countries and author, and co-occurrence keywords network. Geoscience multidisciplinary, Geochemistry Geophysics, Oceanography, Environmental Sciences, and Materials Science Multidisciplinary have been the most commonly used science categories in the past two decades. Marine Geology, Marine and Petroleum Geology, Journal of Volcanology, and Geothermal Research are the three most productive journals on submarine landslides. Marine Geology is the most active journal among all the journals. The United States, the United Kingdom, China, Germany, and France are the five most productive countries. At the institutional level, the Centre National De la Recherche Scientifique (France) is the most active institution, followed by the Chinese Academy of Sciences (China) and Helmholtz Association (Germany). Masson DG and Talling PJ from the United Kingdom contribute to the most high-quality submarine landslide-related publications. Analyzing by CiteSpace, the five largest clusters in the submarine landslide field are “gas hydrate,” “turbidity current,” “thin film,” “debris avalanche,” and “submarine canyon.” Active further research directions of submarine landslides are “south china sea,” “slump,” and “submarine mass failure.”

The concept of biodiversity encompasses the diversity of life and the preservation of natural ecosystems to foster species’ evolution. Humans entail biodiversity for survival, well-being, and comfortable living. This study investigates the publication growth and trends of the worldwide research domain in biodiversity management. The Scopus database was utilised to retrieve 949 articles for this investigation. The analysis consisted of six primary parameters: (1) publication dispersion, (2) geographical distribution, (3) author-affiliated institutions, (4) source titles, (5) prolific authors, and (6) keywords. The results indicated a recent increase in annual publications on biodiversity management. The United States is significant in publishing extensively in this discipline. Dutch authors have published more works in this scientific field than authors from other regions. With 29 available publications, the CNRS Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique in France is the most prominent organisation. This study determined that Biodiversity and Conservation is the leading publication for biodiversity management. The keywords “climate change”, “invasive species”, “protected area”, “biodiversity conservation”, “species richness”, “restoration”, “conservation”, “ecosystem services”, “biodiversity”, and “sustainability” are the primary linked research subfields in biodiversity management. Notably, the keyword “biodiversity management” has a significant nexus strength to “conservation”. The interpretation of these results reveals that biodiversity management is directly related to conservation and gives a more substantial relationship to biodiversity. This paradigm has proven useful in evaluating recent research trends and assisting academics and researchers with biodiversity management and policy advance.

<p>In recent years, artificial intelligence, particularly deep learning, has garnered significant attention among practitioners and scholars in meteorology and atmospheric sciences, leading to a substantial body of literature. This study aims to delineate the present research status and trends in climate innovation through CiteSpace visual analysis. To comprehend the current landscape, prevalent terms, and research frontiers of deep learning for climate change research (DLCCR) within meteorology and atmospheric applications, we gathered 256 published papers spanning from 2018 to 2022 from the Web of Science (WOS) core database. Employing these articles, we conducted co-authorship, co-citation, and keyword co-occurrence analyses. The findings unveiled a steady rise in DLCCR publications over the last five years. However, the correlation between high yield and high-citation authorship appears inconsistent and weak. Notably, prolific authors in this domain included Zhang Z.L. and Bonnet P. Furthermore, leading institutions such as the Chinese Academy of Sciences (China), le Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (France), and Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology (China) have played pivotal roles in advancing DLCCR. The primary contributors among high-yield countries primarily cluster in a select group comprising China, the USA, South Korea, and Germany. Identifying significant information gaps in numerical weather, atmospheric physics and processes, algorithm parametrizations, and extreme events, our study underscores the necessity for future researchers to focus on these and related subjects. This study provides valuable insights into research hotspots, developmental trajectories, and emerging frontiers, thereby delineating the knowledge structure in this field and highlighting directions for further climate innovation research.</p>

Résumé Pour faire l’état des lieux du libre accès (LA) en France en 2012, dix ans après la Budapest Open Access Initiative, nous avons examiné les deux voies : la voie verte (l’auto-archivage) et la voie dorée (publications dans les revues en LA). L’archive centrale multidisciplinaire HAL, créée en 2002 pour recevoir les publications scientifiques au niveau national, est reconnue pour sa qualité technique, mais elle ne propose que 10% à 15 % de la production scientifique annuelle française. Ce chiffre est à l’image de ce qu’offrent toutes les autres archives dans le monde où il n’y a pas d’obligation de déposer (pas de mandat). Les archives qui ont un mandat comme celle de l’université de Liège, ont atteint un taux de 80% en deux ans. Quelques archives institutionnelles se sont développées en France parallèlement à HAL, et deux d’entre elles (Archimer and OATAO) ont un bon taux de remplissage, grâce à l’implication d’un personnel dédié. Pour soutenir les offres éditoriales en libre accès le Centre pour l'Édition électronique Ouverte (CLEO) a récemment mis en place OpenEdition Freemium. Cette initiative pourrait favoriser le développement des revues en LA. Cependant, l’étude faite à partir des revues qualifiantes en Sciences Humaines et Sociales montre que les chercheurs sont peu encouragés à publier dans ces revues par les instances d’évaluation : peu de revues en libre accès françaises sont présentes dans les listes des revues qualifiantes de l’agence d'évaluation de la recherche et de l'enseignement supérieur (AERES). On note aussi une forte disparité entre les disciplines. Différents exemples de politique en faveur du libre accès sont donnés : un politique forte peut être menée par des universités, comme à l’université de Liège, ou par des bailleurs de fonds, comme le FRS-FNRS en Belgique ou par l’Europe. Elle peut être entreprise au niveau législatif comme aux USA, au Brésil ou en Argentine. En France les deux voies du libre accès sont tracées par des initiatives intéressantes. Le gouvernement français devrait accompagner ces initiatives et devrait s’investir dans une politique forte pour recevoir rapidement les bénéfices du libre accès.Mots clés Libre accès, archives ouvertes, auto-archivage, publications en libre accès, voie verte, voie dorée, politique de la recherche, évaluation de la recherche, mandatResumo Para verificar como está o Acesso Livre (AL) na França em 2012, dez anos após a Budapest Open Access Initiative, foram examinadas as duas vias: a via verde (auto-arquivamento) e a dourada (publicação em periódicos em AL). O arquivo central multidisciplinar HAL, criado em 2002 para receber publicações científicas em nível nacional, é reconhecido por sua qualidade técnica, mas ele apresenta apenas 10% a 15% da produção científica francesa anual. Este número espelha o que oferecem todos os outros arquivos no mundo em que não há obrigação de depósito (ou seja, não há mandato). Os arquivos com mandato, como o da Universidade de Liège, chegaram a uma taxa de 80% em dois anos. Alguns arquivos institucionais desenvolveram-se paralelamente ao HAL, e dois deles (Archimer et OATAO) mostram um bom índice de preenchimento, graças à dedicação das pessoas envolvidas. Para sustentar a oferta editorial em acesso livre, o Centre pour l'Édition électronique Ouverte (CLEO) implementou recentemente o OpenEdition Freemium. Essa iniciativa poderia favorecer o desenvolvimento dos periódicos em AL. No entanto, o estudo feito com os periódicos qualificados em Ciências Humanas e Sociais mostra que os pesquisadores são pouco estimulados a publicar nauqueles periódicos pelas instâncias avaliadoras: poucos periódicos franceses em acesso livre estão presentes nas listas de periódicos qualificados da agence d'évaluation de la recherche et de l'enseignement supérieur (AERES)[1]. Nota-se também uma grande disparidade entre as disciplinas. São fornecidos diversos exemplos de políticas de certos países em prol do acesso livre: uma política robusta pode ser impolementada pelas universidades, como na Universidade de Liège, pelas agências de fomento, como o FRS-FNRS na Bélgica e os Research Councils na Grã Bretanha, e também pode ser empreendida no nível legislativo, como nos Estados Unidos, no Brasil ou na Argentina. Na França, as duas vias do acesso livre são traçadas por iniciativas interessantes. O governo francês deveria acompanhar essas iniciativas e desenvolver uma política forte para obter rapidamente os benefícios do acesso livre. Palavras-chave Acesso livre, repositórios abertos, auto-arquivamento, publicações em acesso livre, via verde, via dourada, política cientifica, avaliação de pesquisa, mandato [1] Com funções semelhantes às da Capes. N.do T.Abstract Ten years after the Budapest Open Access Initiative, we have examined the current situation of Open Access in France via the two open access (OA) roads: the Green (self-archiving) and the Gold (OA publishing). HAL, a central multidisciplinary French archive launched in 2002, is recognized for its technical quality, but 10 years after its creation it only includes 10 to 15% of the annual French scientific output. This figure is similar to other repositories worldwide for which there is no mandatory policy (no mandate). On the other hand, archives such as that of Liège University which has a mandate, achieved an 80% deposit rate within two years. Other than HAL, a number of institutional archives are being developed in France, with Archimer and OATAO being two successful examples, thanks to dedicated library staff. In order to support the editorial offer in open access the Centre pour l'Édition électronique Ouverte (CLEO) recently launched the Open Edition Freemium. This initiative should favor the development of OA periodicals. However, the study based on the list of qualifying periodicals in Human and Social Sciences, shows that researchers are not encouraged to publish in these periodicals by national assessment bodies; very few French open access periodicals are on the different qualifying lists of the agence d’évaluation de la recherche et de l’enseignement supérieur (AERES - French research and higher education assessment agency). In addition, a wide disparity can be observed between disciplines. Different examples of strong policies in favor of OA are given: at the university level, as at Liège university, at the level of foundations, as at FRS-FNRS in Belgium, at the level of the Europe or at the legislative level, as attempted in the USA or Brazil or Argentina. In France the two roads are supported by interesting initiatives and these should be accompanied by strong French government policy to enable the benefits of open access to be rapidly reaped. Keywords Open access, repositories, self-archiving, open access publishing, green road, gold road, research policy, research assessment, mandate

The 12th International Workshop on Ship and Marine Hydrodynamics 28 August to 1 September 2023 Aalto University, Espoo, Finland Editors Eur.Ing. Dr. Spyros Hirdaris CEng FRINA, FSNAME Aalto University, Finland AND Professor Decheng Wan Shanghai Jiao Tong University, China The 12th International Workshop on Ship and Marine Hydrodynamics (IWSH 2023) was held from the 28th of August to the 1st of September 2023 at Aalto University, Finland. Aalto University was established in 2010 as a merger the Helsinki University of Technology (HUT), the Helsinki School of Economics and the University of Art and Design of Helsinki. Marine and Arctic Technology has been solid part of the well cherished traditions of HUT dating back to the 19th century. IWSH inaugurated by Prof. Zaojian Zou of Wuhan University of Technology in 1999. Early national events were organised by Wuhan University of Technology (2001,2003), Shanghai Jiao Tong University (2005), Jiangshu University of Science and Technology (2007) and Harbin Engineering University (2009). In 2011 Professor Decheng Wan organised the first international version of the workshop at Shanghai Jiao Tong University. Since then, the event has been organised by Seoul National University - South Korea (2013), the University of Strathclyde - UK (2015), the National Taiwan Ocean University (2017) and Hamburg University of Technology - Germany (2019). The 2021 edition of IWSH did not take place because of the COVID-19 pandemic. The “all-inclusive” nature of the 12th sequel of the workshop held in 2023 included scientific and social activities, fostering opportunities for networking. The workshop focused on publications of relevance to ship dynamics, hydrodynamics, wave mechanics, sea loads and responses, fluid structure interactions, ship resistance and propulsion, etc. Notably, emerging multiphysics methods with application on both ships and ocean engineering including renewable energies were evident. Six keynotes were delivered by Dr. Nuno Fonseca of SINTEF (Norway), Dr. Sime Malenica of Bureau Veritas (BV, France), Alessandro Iafrati of Istituto di iNgegneria del Mare (INM, Italy), Dr. Michel Visonneau of Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS, France), Professor Stefano Brizzolara of Virginia Technological Institute and State University (USA) and Professor Yonghwan Kim of Seoul National University (South Korea), were invited to foster top level discussion on relevant subjects. As part of the workshop proceedings the main event sponsor, SINTEF Ocean (Norway) hosted a special session of their International Collaboration Network in Marine Technology. The oral technical program was organized in parallel sessions. In these proceedings, the papers are organized by major themes. The themes are: (1) Ship dynamics, (2) Wave mechanics, (3) Fluid Structure Interactions, (4) Ship motions and sea loads, (5) Ocean Engineering, (6) Ship resistance, (7) Marine propulsion. The workshop confirmed that the complexity of the subject as related to conventional and emerging technologies attracts a great deal of interest of relevance to engineering science and technological innovation. The field of ship and marine hydrodynamics remains more than relevant for the safety and sustainability of the ship and ocean engineering sectors. Dr. Spyros Hirdaris CEng FRINA FSNAME Aalto University, Espoo, Finland, September 2023 List of Sponsors, Reviewers acknowledgement, Aalto University’s IWSH 2023 local organizing committee, IWSH 2023 International Standing Committee, IWSH 2023 International Scientific Committee are available in this pdf.

06–609Ávila, cesar (U Jaime I, Spain), Julio González, María-antonia Parcet & Vicente Belloch, Selective alteration of native but not second language articulation in a patient with Foreign Accent Syndrome. NeuroReport (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins) 15.14 (2004), 2267–2270.06–610Conboy, Barbara T. (U Washington, USA; bconboy@u.washington.edu) & Debra L. Mills, Two languages, one developing brain: Event-related potentials to words in bilingual toddlers. Developmental Science (Blackwell) 9.1 (2006), 1–12.06–611Elston-Guettler, Kerrie E. (Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Germany; guettler@cbs.mpg.de), Thomas C. Gunter & Sonja A. Kotz, Zooming into L2: Global language context and adjustment affect processing of interlingual homographs in sentences. Cognitive Brain Research (Elsevier) 25.1 (2005), 57–70.06–612Frenck-Mestre, Cheryl (Centre National de Recherche Scientifique, France), Jean-Luc Antón, Muriel Roth, Jyotsna Vaid & Francois Viallet, Articulation in early and late bilinguals' two languages: Evidence from functional magnetic resonance imaging. NeuroReport (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins) 16.7 (2005), 761–765.06–613Hahne, Anja (Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Germany; hahne@cbs.mpg.de), Jutta L. Mueller & Harald Clahsen, Morphological processing in a second language: Behavioral and event-related brain potential evidence for storage and decomposition. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (MIT Press) 18.1 (2006), 121–134.06–614Ihara, Aya (National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Japan; ayihara@nips.ac.jp) & Ryusuke Kakigi, Oscillatory activity in the occipitotemporal area related to the visual perception of letters of a first/second language and pseudoletters. NeuroImage (Elsevier) 29.3 (2006), 789–796.06–615Lee, Susan S. & Mirella Dapretto (U California at Los Angeles, USA; mirella@loni.ucla.edu), Metaphorical vs. literal word meanings: fMRI evidence against a selective role of the right hemisphere. NeuroImage (Elsevier) 29.2 (2006), 536–544.06–616Lehtonen, Minna H. (Abo Akademi University, Turku, Finland), Matti Laine, Jussi Neimi, Tormod thomsen, Victor vorobyev & Kenneth Hugdahl, Brain correlates of sentence translation in Finnish–Norwegian bilinguals. NeuroReport (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins) 16.6 (2005), 601–610.06–617Meschyan, Gayane (U Houston, USA; gayane.meschyan@times.uh.edu) & Arturo E. Hernandez, Impact of language proficiency and orthographic transparency on bilingual word reading: An fMRI investigation. NeuroImage (Elsevier) 29.4 (2006), 1135–1140.06–618Papafragou, Anna (U Delaware, USA; papafragou@psych.udel.edu), Christine Massey & Lila Gleitman, When English proposes what Greek presupposes: The cross-linguistic encoding of motion events. Cognition (Elsevier) 98.3 (2006), B75–B87.06–619Pylkkaenen, Linna (New York U, USA; liina.pylkkanen@nyu.edu), Rodolfo Llinás & Gregory L. Murphy, The representation of polysemy: MEG evidence. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (MIT Press) 18.1 (2006), 97–109.06–620Tatsuno, Yoshinori & Kuniyoshi L. Sakai (U Tokyo, Japan;sakai@mind.c.u-toyko.ac.jp,) Language-related activations in the left prefrontal regions are differentially modulated by age, proficiency, and task demands. The Journal of Neuroscience (Society for Neuroscience) 25.7 (2005), 1637–1644.06–621Venkatraman, Vinod (SingHealth, Singapore; vinod.venkatraman@singhealth.com.sg), Soon Chun Siong, Michael W. L. Chee & Daniel Ansari, Effects of language switching on arithmetic: A bilingual fMRI study. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience (MIT Press) 18.1 (2006), 64–74.