Tesi sul tema "Heating textile"

In this study, the application of carbon filament yarn (CFY)-based conductive hybrid yarn as the heating element in a textile-reinforced concrete structure is reported. For this purpose, a hybrid yarn having a core-sheath structure (the core is made of carbon filament yarn and the sheath consists of a mixture of short glass and polypropylene fibres) is manufactured by DREF-2000 spinning technique and integrated into textile structure by tailored fibre placement method. Heat can be generated in the concrete structure by passing electric current through the conductive carbon filament yarn core of the hybrid yarn using the principle of resistive heating, where the sheath acts as the protection and isolation layer. From the initial investigations made on a small concrete specimen, important information is gathered and a large concrete slab with integrated conductive hybrid yarn is manufactured. The heat ability and the comfort level of the manufactured concrete slab are measured. The investigations have revealed the potential of using such hybrid yarn for a pointwise heating of the concrete surface for possible appliance in outdoor furniture.

Ce projet de recherche de doctorant concerne l’élaboration et l’utilisation de matériaux multifonctionnels imprimable, en mettant l’accent sur les compromis entre propriétés matériaux et spécification applicative, avec un focus autour des fonctions de chauffage par effet joule et d’électroluminescence. L’originalité des travaux repose sur une approche couplée entre matériaux multifonctionnels et intégration textile. Le premier point de l’étude concerne la sélection des matériaux multifonctionnels jugés comme potentiellement intéressants pour la création de textiles intelligents adaptés aux secteurs cibles de la société TESCA-groupe. Cette sélection impliquait la caractérisation des propriétés électriques et thermiques des matériaux conducteurs ainsi que du substrat textile. De plus, des analyses à l'aide d'appareils de microscopie électronique à balayage (MEB)/ spectroscopie à dispersion d'énergie (EDS) et diffraction de rayon X (DRX) étaient effectuées pour étudier la microstructure, notamment l'adhérence, l'épaisseur des couches déposées et la composition chimique des matériaux. Le second aspect met l’accent sur une étude du vieillissement accéléré sur des éprouvettes unitaires des substrats textiles revêtus d'encre conductrice, en conformité avec les spécifications requises de la société Tesca. L'objectif de cette démarche était d'identifier les limites inhérentes à chaque matériau, telles que la déformation maximale, les variations de température, l'adhérence, la compatibilité des processus, etc., dans le but de proposer des axes d'optimisation ou de tenir compte de ces limitations lors de la conception des transducteurs intégrés sur substrat textile. Cette première étape nous permettait d'établir une base de matériaux multifonctionnels pouvant être utilisés pour des applications spécifiques, telles que les nappes chauffantes, les interrupteurs capacitifs ou résistifs, les transducteurs, les capteurs de grandeurs mécaniques, entre autres. Le troisième volet de cette recherche consistait à assembler ces éléments de base pour créer des sous-fonctions qualifiées d’intelligente. En effet, la réalisation de transducteurs impliquait généralement la combinaison de différents matériaux multifonctionnels afin de répondre aux exigences spécifiques de l'application visée
This PhD student research project concerns the development and use of printable multifunctional materials, focusing on the trade-offs between material properties and application specification, with a particular emphasis on joule heating and electroluminescence functions. The originality of the work lies in a coupled approach between multifunctional materials and textile integration. The first part of the study concerned the selection of multifunctional materials deemed potentially interesting for the creation of intelligent textiles adapted to TESCA-groupe's target sectors. This involved characterizing the electrical and thermal properties of both the conductive materials and the textile substrate. In addition, analyses using scanning electron microscopy (SEM)/energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) were carried out to study the microstructure, including adhesion, the thickness of the deposited layers and the chemical composition of the materials. The second aspect focused on an accelerated ageing study on unit specimens of textile substrates coated with conductive ink, in compliance with the specifications required by Tesca. The aim of this approach was to identify the inherent limitations of each material, such as maximum deformation, temperature variations, adhesion, process compatibility, etc., with a view to proposing areas for optimization or taking these limitations into account when designing transducers integrated on textile substrates. This first step enabled us to establish a base of multifunctional materials that could be used for specific applications, such as heating mats, capacitive or resistive switches, transducers, sensors for mechanical quantities, among others. The third aspect of this research consisted in assembling these basic elements to create sub-functions described as "intelligent". In fact, the production of transducers generally involved combining different multifunctional materials to meet the specific requirements of the target application

Étude du greffage du polypropylène par la -vinyl pyrrolidone, de la teinture avec des colorants plastosolubles et avec des colorants réactifs, de l'hydrolyse alcaline du polyester, par chauffage par hautes fréquences ou hyperfréquences. Étude des caractéristiques diélectriques des flocs textiles et des bains de traitement dans les hautes fréquences. Amélioration des traitements textiles et obtention de conditions thermiques exceptionnelles par l'utilisation du chauffage électromagnétique

The amount and type of antioxidants present in raspberries is dependent upon cultivar, ripeness, and growing conditions. Previous research on raspberry jam has reported some color, antioxidant, and flavor loss after processing and storage, though it is unknown to what extent similar changes will occur in raspberries grown in Utah. Sugar concentration and heating temperature as well as storage time were evaluated in an effort to maximize color retention, flavor, antioxidant content, shelf life, and consumer acceptance of Utah-grown raspberry jam. Four types of jams were processed in two batches each: low-sugar (40-42 Brix) and typical sugar (65-68 Brix) at 85 and 95 C, from two separate farms in Utah. Oxygen Radical Absorbance Capacity (ORAC), total anthocyanin content (TAC), color, headspace, Brix, pH, consistency, and water activity were measured in fresh jam, and after one and three months of typical storage (dark, room temperature) to evaluate changes after storage. A sensory analysis compared three-month stored jam to fresh jam made from the same berry crop. ORAC significantly declined in all jams during storage. Fresh low-sugar jam was found to contain higher ORAC values than high-sugar jam after processing and after three months of storage. All jams retained their initial anthocyanins over the first month and significantly lost an average of 28.8% anthocyanins between months 1 and 3 of storage. Color loss was found to be less pronounced than anthocyanin degradation, though nearly all jams maintained initial L*, C*, and h* values over the first month then significantly decreased by the third month of storage. When comparing fresh and three-month jam, significant sensory differences were found in color, overall acceptability, flavor, and texture. All parameters scored higher for freshly-made jam, though three-month stored jam was still found to be acceptable to consumers. In summary, after three months of storage, significant nutrient quantity and sensory quality remains in Utah raspberry jam, despite significant declines in several assays and significant differences between treatments.

Thesis (PhD (Process Engineering))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Previous work has shown that microwave heating of mineral ores induces fractures around grain boundaries due to the differences in absorption of microwaves and the resulting differential thermal expansion among the various mineral phases in the ore particles. As a consequence, this reduces the energy required in subsequent grinding and enhances liberation of valuable minerals. In this study, first, the influences of different variables on bulk strength reduction of microwave treated ores have been investigated. Nine different binary ore models were constructed by randomly disseminating 10 vol.% microwave absorbing minerals in transparent matrices. Computational simulations of heating, thermal damage and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) tests on the conceptual binary ores have been undertaken by using finite-difference modelling techniques. The influence of thermo-mechanical properties of minerals on strength reduction of microwave treated ores was examined. It was shown that in general the thermal properties of the microwave absorbing mineral and the mechanical properties of the transparent matrix have the most significant effect on the strength reduction. Binary ores containing a microwave absorbing mineral that has a high thermal expansion coefficient in a strong transparent matrix achieved higher reductions in strength. The influence of absorbent phase grain size on strength reduction of ores was also quantified. It was shown that for the same energy inputs and mineral types, the reductions in strength were much higher in coarse-grained ores. It has also been shown that for the same mineralogy and treatment condition, ores with poorly disseminated heated phase achieved much higher strength reduction. The effect of microwave treatment on the mechanical state of an ore sample was also examined. It was demonstrated that unconfined compressive strength is less sensitive to microwave-induced micro-fractures and found to be a poor descriptor of liberation behaviour. A new method of characterizing damage in microwave treated ore using a continuum approach was developed. The method measures the damage around the grain boundary regions during the heating process. Using the method, it was possible to elucidate in detail the influences of power density, mineralogy, ore texture on microwave treatment of ore. It was shown that the amount of grain boundary damage incurred at a specific power density and energy input is dependent both on the ore mineralogy and its texture. The energy inputs that were required for significant (> 10%) grain boundary damage in the ores range from 0.09 to 7.06 kWh/t depending on the power density applied, the ore mineralogy and its texture. It was also shown that for a given mineralogy and ore texture there is a power density level below which no further increase in grain boundary damage is possible by increasing exposure time. The effect of pulse repetition frequency on grain boundary damage was also elucidated using the method. It was found that high pulse repetition frequencies (³ 50 Hz) resulted in an amount of grain boundary damage that was indistinguishable from that caused by continuous wave operation for a fixed energy input. It has also been shown that for a fixed microwave energy input the best result would be obtained by using the lowest possible pulse repetition frequency and highest peak pulse power. The effect of microwave treatment of ores at different treatment conditions on the extent of damage and crack pattern was also investigated in detail using bondedparticle model (BPM). It has been shown that the amount of micro-cracks and also the cracks pattern in an ore sample after microwave treatment significantly depend on its mineralogy, microwave treatment condition (power density) and absorbent phase grain size. It has also been shown that a minimum power density is required to localize damage around the grain boundary in an ore sample. This minimum power density was found to strongly depend on the ore mineralogy and its texture. Initial simulation test work concerning the effect of microwave treatment on liberation of minerals is also presented. It has been shown that microwave irradiation considerably changed the fracture pattern of an ore in simulated single particle crushing. The fracture pattern of the ore treated at high power density (Pd = 0.1 kW /mm3abs for 1 ms) was along the grain boundary and the absorbent mineral was intact. In the ore treated at lower power density for the same energy input (Pd = 1 W/mm3abs for 0.1 s) both intergranular and transgranular fractures were observed. However, in all cases the fracture patterns were preferentially localized around the grain boundary compared to that of the untreated ore.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Vorige studies het getoon dat mikrogolfverhitting van mineraalertse tot breuke om die ertskorrelgrense aanleiding gee, omdat die verskillende mineraalfases in die ertsdeeltjies die mikrogolwe verskillend absorbeer, en dus ook verskillend uitsit. Korrelgrensbreuke verminder die vereiste energie vir latere slypwerk, en verhoog die vrystelling van waardevolle minerale. Hierdie studie het eerstens die uitwerking van verskillende veranderlikes op die algehele sterktevermindering van mikrogolfbehandelde ertse ondersoek. Hiervoor is nege verskillende binêre ertsmodelle vervaardig deur mikrogolfabsorberende minerale met ʼn volumepersentasie van 10% lukraak in deursigtige matrikse te versprei. Met behulp van eindigeverskilmodelleringstegnieke is berekeningsimulasies van verhitting, warmteskade en onbegrensde druksterkte (“unconfined compressive strength”) op die konseptuele binêre ertse uitgevoer. Die invloed van termomeganiese mineraaleienskappe op die sterktevermindering van mikrogolfbehandelde ertse is eerste onder die loep geneem. Daar is bevind dat die warmte-eienskappe van die mikrogolfabsorberende mineraal, en die meganiese eienskappe van die deursigtige matriks, die beduidendste uitwerking op sterktevermindering het. Binêre ertse wat ʼn mikrogolfabsorberende mineraal bevat met ʼn hoë warmte-uitsettingskoëffisiënt in ʼn sterk deursigtige matriks, het groter sterkteverminderings getoon. Die invloed van korrelgrootte in die absorbeerfase op die sterktevermindering van ertse is volgende versyfer. Die studie het getoon dat, op grond van dieselfde energie-insette en mineraalsoorte, grofkorrelrige ertse groter sterktevermindering ondergaan het. Eweneens is bewys dat, met dieselfde mineralogie en behandelingsomstandighede, ertse met ʼn swak verspreide verhittingsfase ook groter sterktevermindering ervaar. Die uitwerking van mikrogolfbehandeling op die meganiese toestand van ʼn ertsmonster is boonop ondersoek. Die studie het getoon dat onbegrensde druksterkte minder gevoelig vir mikrogolfgeïnduseerde mikrobreuke is, en as ʼn swak aanwyser van vrystellingsgedrag beskou word. ʼn Nuwe metode om skade by mikrogolfbehandelde ertse te tipeer is gevolglik met behulp van ʼn kontinuumbenadering ontwikkel. Dié metode meet die skade rondom die korrelgrens gedurende die verhittingsproses. Deur middel van voormelde metode was dit dus moontlik om die invloed van kragdigtheid, mineralogie en ertstekstuur op die mikrogolfbehandeling van erts deeglik te ondersoek. Daar is bevind dat die mate van korrelgrensskade by ʼn bepaalde kragdigtheid en energie-inset, van sowel die ertsmineralogie as ertstekstuur afhang. Na gelang van die toegepaste kragdigtheid, die ertsmineralogie en ertstekstuur, het die vereiste energie-insette vir beduidende (>10%) korrelgrensskade van 0,09 tot 7,06 kWh/t gewissel. Dit het voorts geblyk dat enige bepaalde mineralogie en ertstekstuur oor ʼn minimum kragdigtheidsvlak beskik, onder welke vlak geen verlenging in blootstellingstyd enige verdere korrelgrensskade kan veroorsaak nie. Die uitwerking van pulsherhaalfrekwensie op korrelgrensskade is ook met behulp van bogenoemde metode verklaar. Die studie het getoon dat, op grond van ʼn vaste energie-inset, hoë pulsherhaalfrekwensies (≥50 Hz) en gelykgolfwerking presies dieselfde hoeveelheid korrelgrensskade tot gevolg het. Volgende is daar met behulp van ʼn gebondedeeltjiemodel (“bonded-particle model”) noukeurig ondersoek ingestel na die uitwerking van verskillende mikrogolfbehandelingsomstandighede op die hoeveelheid skade en die kraakpatroon by ertse. Die studie het getoon dat die hoeveelheid mikrokrake sowel as die kraakpatroon in ʼn mikrogolfbehandelde ertsmonster in ʼn groot mate van die betrokke erts se mineralogie, mikrogolfbehandelingsomstandighede (kragdigtheid) en korrelgrootte in die absorbeerfase afhang. Daar is ook bevind dat ʼn minimum kragdigtheid nodig is om skade tot die gebied om die korrelgrens te beperk, welke minimum kragdigtheid oënskynlik grotendeels deur die ertsmineralogie en -tekstuur bepaal word. Die studie bevat ook die resultate van aanvangsimulasietoetse oor die uitwerking van mikrogolfbehandeling op mineraalvrystelling. Die toetse het getoon dat mikrogolfbestraling ʼn beduidende verandering tot gevolg het in die ertsbreekpatroon met gesimuleerde enkeldeeltjievergruising. Die breekpatroon van die erts wat by hoë kragdigtheid (Pd = 0,1 kW/mm3abs vir 1 ms) behandel is, het ál langs die korrelgrens gestrek, terwyl die absorberende mineraal nog ongeskonde was. In die erts wat by laer kragdigtheid dog dieselfde energie-inset behandel is (Pd = 1 W/mm3abs vir 0,1 s), is sowel tussenkorrel- as oorkorrelbreuke opgemerk. In teenstelling met die onbehandelde erts, was die breekpatrone by die behandelde erts egter in alle gevalle steeds merendeels rondom die korrelgrens geleë.

During loss-of-coolant accidents (LOCA) and reactivity-initiated accidents (RIA), nuclear fuel rods experience high heating rates that change the microstructure and properties of zirconium cladding materials, which are in forms of stress-relieved, like cold-worked (CW) or recrystallised (RX) microstructure. The present study aimed to determine how different fast heating rates and starting microstructures affect the kinetics of phase transformation, the transformation textures and eventually the mechanical response in the dual-phase region. The LOCA/RIA cycles from heating at 8 to 100C/s to alpha+beta or above beta transus temperature were achieved via resistive heating in an electro-thermal-mechanical tester. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction (SXRD) and electrical resistivity measurements showed that the approach curves of CW Zircaloy-4 shift to higher temperature at faster constant heating rates and change to a new approach curve when changing rates. 2-second holding at two-phase temperature produces identical phase fractions as equilibrium. These observations are consistent with the diffusional character of the phase trans- formation. Heated at 100oCs1, RX samples transform with 2D beta-growth while CW ones show simultaneous beta-nucleation and growth. The difference arises because the fast heating rate helps preserve low-angle grain boundaries (GB) in the CW microstructure up to phase transformation temperature, increasing beta nucleation sites and prevent beta-growth. This gives rise to different textures of RX and CW materials before transformation, producing different textures, which are weak in both cases. However, this difference is enhanced during grain growth and transformation on cooling. Thus, the RX material shows strong final alpha texture with 0002 maxima aligned in TD and tilted 20deg from ND towards TD while the CW reveals an essentially random one. In both RX and CW materials, variant selection does not occur during transformation on heating. During beta-grain growth, although there is variability in beta-textures measured by SXRD and EBSD beta reconstruction, it is clear that variant selection occurs, leading to strengthening of the beta texture. During transformation on cooling, variant selection occurs early in nucleation of the alpha phase from the shared 110 beta GB in the RX condition. The flow stresses of CW Zircaloy-4 in the two-phase regime at a given temperature depend on the heating rates, despite having the same phase fractions. Heated at a slower rate, the material shows an upper yield stress followed by softening behaviour while that heated faster has a smaller yield stress followed by a high work-hardening rate and then stable flowing stresses. The evolution of diffraction elastic strains and intensity suggest the upper yield stress and softening are due to stress-induced transformation of the harder alpha grains into large and isolated softer beta grains. In contrast, the sample heated faster develops an almost continuous film of beta grains along the GB of unrecrystallised alpha-grains which results in early beta-yielding and coherent deformation of the two phases, leading to constant flow stresses. The findings will improve the accuracy of inputs from phase fractions, microstructure and texture of zirconium claddings when modelling LOCA/RIA. A crystal plasticity model should consider the effects of heating rates and cold-work, which are often ignored. The link between deformation, fast heating rates and microstructure evolution might be relevant to other processes like additive layer manufacturing and even forging in the two-phase region.

碩士
逢甲大學
創意設計碩士學位學程
104
Given the rise of smart textiles, to bring innovative market impact, these issues generate demand for innovative health care products and personal care of the wearable mobile devices. This study focused on physical function characteristic analysis and patent-related preferences heating pad product of analysis, and complete pad creative design, to explore the material appearance, composition structure and functional problems, with the overall results of the analysis to construct the optimal functional integration of functional structure and function material to create a line of consumer groups applied electric textiles, pointed out by the findings of the study consumer preferences for electric heating textiles, which are based on Kansei engineering design of a thermal insulation of a far-infrared good, versatile, multi-purpose nature of the electric textiles, so as to achieve uniform temperature, heat stability, carbon reduction, security, health care, progressive innovation and breadth of merchandise.

碩士
樹德科技大學
應用設計研究所
98
With the dramatic global warming and climate change, the development and research of intelligent textiles, especially eco-friendly and energy-saving temperature-sensitive textiles, are increasingly important. Studies of electric heating fabrics, however, have so far mostly focused on heating efficiency and technical problems solving , leaving the field of development and designs of these fabrics in terms of aesthetics unexplored. In , this study , aims to develop electric heating home textiles that changes colors and patterns with temperatures by integrating thermochromic pigments and electric heating textiles.The thermochromic electric heating home textile are also applied to lighting and furniture to expand its applications, to increas functionality and visual effects of home textiles. In this study, stainless steel conductive yarns are the major heating element for the electric heating textile. The experiments of this study focused on analyzing electric resistance and heating properties of conductive yarns, and observing color changing time and color changes of thermochromic pigments Then create pattern changing effects by combining the electric heating textile with thermochromic pigments. Works that create auras are , therefore, developed by integrating the pattern changing effects from the experiment results and backlight effects. The find creations show that the color changing effects are close to the original design, and their color saturation, has contributed to the desired effects, which meet the demand of creating auras and conveying artistic conception as designated by this study.

碩士
國立中山大學
材料與光電科學學系研究所
101
In this study, two heating rates, 0.5 ℃/s and 15 ℃/s, are applied to the annealing process in the production of nonoriented electrical steels (NOES). The effect of heating rate on the texture evolution is analyzed based on the recrystallized fraction in the recrystallization stage and the grain size in the grain growth stage. At the stage of recrystallization, no significant difference is found on the fully-recrystallized texture and the average grain size obtained by the two heating rates. Moreover, the results of macrotexture analysis reveal that the evolution of recrystallized texture is similar on both of the heating rate conditions. It is proposed that the heating rate, in the range of 0.5 ℃/s to 15 ℃/s, might not affect the evolution of the recrystallized texture, which is mainly determined by the cold-rolled microstructure. The orientation image mapping (OIM) of electron backscattered diffraction (EBSD) indicates that the density of high angle boundary in the deformed γ-fiber grains is more intensive than in the deformed α-fiber grains, and most of the new grains nucleate at the deformed γ-fiber matrixes. Accordingly, it is suggested that the recrystallized nuclei in the deformed γ-fiber grains might be the key to the annealing texture. At the stage of grain growth, with an increase of average gain size, the Goss component {011}<100> decreases more faster in the condition of 0.5 ℃/s. However, the EBSD data obtained in this study cannot explain this phenomenon. It appears to be worthy of future investigation.

Tese de Doutoramento (Doutoramento em Engenharia Têxtil)
This research shows the development of a functional textile, with flexible resistive selfheating properties through the conversion of electricity to heat (Joule effect) and with competitive cost to be used in garments. Conductive polymer technology was used to coat a polyamide 6.6 fabric (PA66) pre-activated by atmospheric DBD plasma treatment. Three types of coatings with 1 and 5 layers were investigated: i) A pure commercial poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) doped with poly (styrene sulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS); ii) A PEDOT:PSS doped with 5 wt% of ethylene glycol and iii) PEDOT:PSS doped with 5 wt% of glycerol. Polyols were added to provide an increase in electrical conductivity. The coatings were analyzed between 3 and 46 V at the applied current of 2 Ampere. The analyses of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TGA), mechanicaldynamic analysis (DMA), scanning electron microscopy with X-ray microanalysis (SEM-EDS) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) show significant changes in morphology, chemistry, enthalpy, crystallinity and glass transition temperature confirming that doped PEDOT:PSS is not only spread over the PA66 yarn surfaces but is dispersed in the bulk facilitating relaxation and increasing structure and chain flexibility. Electrical resistivity and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and cyclic voltammetry (CV) tests confirm that the plasma treated PA66 coated with 5 layers of PEDOT:PSS and doped with 5 wt% of glycerol presents the highest stability, resistance, capacitive behavior and the best ability on storing the electrical energy. This configuration needs only 7.5 V to induce a temperature change up to 38 °C (a temperature higher than human body core temperature) at a current density of 0.3 A g-1. The desired temperature is easily adjustable in function of the applied voltage and by the number of coated layers of PEDOT:PSS. Despite the need to improve the uniformity of the coating thickness on the fabric for uniform heat generation, the observed results are promising since can be compared to the temperature obtained in carbon nanotube composites using similar voltages. This cost-competitive, safe, high flexible and stable thermoelectric fabric ensure its use in large area textiles as heating element in a wide range of applications such as garments, carpets, blankets and automotive seats.
Esta pesquisa apresenta o desenvolvimento de um tecido funcional flexível e de custo competitivo com propriedades de autoaquecimento resistivo para ser utilizado em vestuário. Foi utilizado um polímero condutor para revistir um tecido de poliamida 6,6 (PA66) ativado por um tratamento superficial de plasma atmosférico. Foram investigados três tipos de revestimentos com 1 e 5 camadas: i) Polímero condutor comercial poli (3,4-etilenodioxitiofeno) dopado com poli (sulfonato de estireno) (PEDOT:PSS); ii) PEDOT:PSS com 5% em peso de etilenoglicol e iii) PEDOT:PSS com 5% em peso de glicerol. Os polióis foram adicionados para aumentar a condutividade elétrica. Foram analisados os revestimentos nas gamas de tensão entre 3 e 46 V, com uma corrente aplicada de 2 A. As análises de espectroscopia de infravermelho (FTIR), calorimetria diferencial (DSC), termogravimetria (TGA), análise mecânico-dinâmica (DMA), microscopia eletrónica de varrimento com microanálise de raios X (SEM-EDS) e difração de raios-X (XRD) mostram alterações significativas na morfologia, entalpia, cristalinidade e temperatura de transição vítrea, confirmando que PEDOT:PSS e os polióis não estão apenas na superfície das fibras mas estão dispersos no interior dos tecidos facilitando o relaxamento e aumentando a flexibilidade das cadeias poliméricas. As medidas de resistividade elétrica e eletroquímicas de impedância (EIS) e voltametria cíclica (VC) confirmaram que a PA66 tratada com plasma e revestida com 5 camadas de PEDOT:PSS e glicerol 5% apresenta a maior estabilidade, resistência, comportamento capacitivo e capacidade de armazenamento da energia elétrica. Esta configuração necessita apenas de 7,5 V para induzir uma temperatura até 38 °C (superior a temperatura interna do corpo humano) com uma densidade de corrente de 0,3 A g-1. A temperatura é ajustável em função da tensão aplicada e pelo número de camadas de PEDOT:PSS. Apesar da necessidade de melhorar a uniformidade dos revestimentos, os resultados são promissores uma vez que podem ser comparados com temperaturas obtidas em compósitos de nanotubos de carbono com tensões elétricas semelhantes. Este tecido termoelétrico seguro, flexível e de custo competitivo, proporciona o seu uso como elemento de aquecimento em grandes superfícies têxteis em das icações em roupas, tapetes, cobertores e automóveis.