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Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Heat recovery"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 4 giugno 2021

Ultima modifica: 30 luglio 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Heat recovery"

Ion, Ion V., Antoaneta Ene e Gabriel Mocanu. "Boiler blowdown recovery". Annals of the ”Dunarea de Jos” University of Galati Fascicle II Mathematics Physics Theoretical Mechanics 44, n. 2 (29 dicembre 2021): 98–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.35219/ann-ugal-math-phys-mec.2021.2.03.

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One way to reduce the heat loss of the steam boiler is to reduce the blowdown rate and recover the heat from the purged water. Purging the boiler, although necessary, represents a loss of treated water and a loss of heat because the purged water is water brought to saturation. Blowdown recovery must be done according to the available users/consumers. The paper analyses the recovery of blowdown of a steam boiler of 420 t/h capacity by using a flash separator and a makeup water preheater. The flash steam is used for the feed water deaeration. The heat recovered from the blowdown can reach 97%, and the recovered water can reach 43%.

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SAARI, JUSSI, JUHA KAIKKO, EKATERINA SERMYAGINA, MARCELO HAMAGUCHI, MARCELO CARDOSO, ESA VAKKILAINEN e MARKUS HAIDER. "Recovery boiler back-end heat recovery". March 2023 22, n. 3 (1 aprile 2023): 174–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.32964/tj22.3.174.

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Sustainability and efficient use of resources are becoming increasingly important aspects in the operation of all industries. Recently, some biomass-fired boilers have been equipped with increasingly complex condensing back-end heat recovery solutions, sometimes also using heat pumps to upgrade the low-grade heat. In kraft recovery boilers, however, scrubbers are still mainly for gas cleaning, with only simple heat recovery solutions. In this paper, we use process simulation software to study the potential to improve the power generation and energy efficiency by applying condensing back-end heat recovery on a recovery boiler. Different configurations are considered, including heat pumps. Potential streams to serve as heat sinks are considered and evaluated. Lowering the recovery boiler flue gas temperature to approximately 65°C significantly decreases the flue gas losses. The heat can be recovered as hot water, which is used to partially replace low-pressure (LP) steam, making more steam available for the condensing steam turbine portion for increased power generation. The results indicate that in a simple condensing plant, some 1%–4% additional electricity could be generated. In a Nordic mill that provides district heating, even more additional electricity generation, up to 6%, could be achieved. Provided the availability of sufficient low-temperature heat sinks to use the recovered heat, as well as sufficient condensing turbine swallowing capacity to utilize the LP steam, the use of scrubbing and possibly upgrading the heat using heat pumps appears potentially useful.

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Vannoni, Alberto, Alessandro Sorce, Sven Bosser e Torsten Buddenberg. "Heat recovery from Combined Cycle Power Plants for Heat Pumps". E3S Web of Conferences 113 (2019): 01011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911301011.

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Fossil fuel power plants, as combined cycle plants (CCGT), will increasingly have to shift their role from providing base-load power to providing fluctuating back-up power to control and stabilize the grid, but they also have to be able to run at the highest possible efficiency. Combined Heat and Power generation could be a smart solution to overcome the flexibility required to a modern power plant, this work investigates different layout possibilities allowing to increase the overall efficiency through the heat recover from the hot flue gasses after the heat recovery steam generator (HRSG) of a CCGT. The flue gas (FG) cooling aims to recover not only the sensible heat but also the latent heat by condensing the water content. One possible solution couples a heat pump to the flue gas condenser in order to increase the temperature at which the recovered heat is supplied, moreover the evaluated layout has to comply with the requirement of a minimum temperature before entering the stack.

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Vivek, P., e P. Vijaya kumar. "Heat Recovery Steam Generator by Using Cogeneration". International Journal of Engineering Research 3, n. 8 (1 agosto 2014): 512–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.17950/ijer/v3s8/808.

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Kim, Yurim, Jonghun Lim, Jae Yun Shim, Seokil Hong, Heedong Lee e Hyungtae Cho. "Optimization of Heat Exchanger Network via Pinch Analysis in Heat Pump-Assisted Textile Industry Wastewater Heat Recovery System". Energies 15, n. 9 (23 aprile 2022): 3090. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15093090.

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Reactive dyeing is primarily used in the textile industry to achieve a high level of productivity for high-quality products. This method requires heating a large amount of freshwater for dyeing and cooling for the biological treatment of discharged wastewater. If the heat of the wastewater discharged from the textile industry is recovered, energy used for heating freshwater and cooling wastewater can be significantly reduced. However, the energy efficiency of this industry remains low, owing to the limited use of waste heat. Hence, this study suggested a cost-optimal heat exchanger network (HEN) in a heat pump-assisted textile industry wastewater heat recovery system with maximizing energy efficiency simultaneously. A novel two-step approach was suggested to develop the optimal HEN in heat pump-assisted textile industry wastewater heat recovery system. In the first step, the system was designed to integrate the heat exchanger and heat pump to recover waste heat effectively. In the second step, the HEN in the newly developed system was retrofitted using super-targeted pinch analysis to minimize cost and maximize energy efficiency simultaneously. As a result, the proposed wastewater heat recovery system reduced the total annualized cost by up to 43.07% as compared to the conventional textile industry lacking a wastewater heat recovery system. These findings may facilitate economic and environmental improvements in the textile industry.

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Losnegard, Thomas, Martin Andersen, Matt Spencer e Jostein Hallén. "Effects of Active Versus Passive Recovery in Sprint Cross-Country Skiing". International Journal of Sports Physiology and Performance 10, n. 5 (luglio 2015): 630–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijspp.2014-0218.

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Purpose:To investigate the effects of an active and a passive recovery protocol on physiological responses and performance between 2 heats in sprint cross-country skiing.Methods:Ten elite male skiers (22 ± 3 y, 184 ± 4 cm, 79 ± 7 kg) undertook 2 experimental test sessions that both consisted of 2 heats with 25 min between start of the first and second heats. The heats were conducted as an 800-m time trial (6°, >3.5 m/s, ~205 s) and included measurements of oxygen uptake (VO2) and accumulated oxygen deficit. The active recovery trial involved 2 min standing/walking, 16 min jogging (58% ± 5% of VO2peak), and 3 min standing/walking. The passive recovery trial involved 15 min sitting, 3 min walk/jog (~ 30% of VO2peak), and 3 min standing/walking. Blood lactate concentration and heart rate were monitored throughout the recovery periods.Results:The increased 800-m time between heat 1 and heat 2 was trivial after active recovery (effect size [ES] = 0.1, P = .64) and small after passive recovery (ES = 0.4, P = .14). The 1.2% ± 2.1% (mean ± 90% CL) difference between protocols was not significant (ES = 0.3, P = .3). In heat 2, peak and average VO2 was increased after the active recovery protocol.Conclusions:Neither passive recovery nor running at ~58% of VO2peak between 2 heats changed performance significantly.

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Łokietek, Tomasz, Wojciech Tuchowski, Dorota Leciej-Pirczewska e Anna Głowacka. "Heat Recovery from a Wastewater Treatment Process—Case Study". Energies 16, n. 1 (21 dicembre 2022): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16010044.

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This article presents the potential of heat recovery from wastewater with an example of a wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) in Mokrawica, which is located in the West Pomeranian region of Poland. A thorough literature review discusses the relevance of the topic and shows examples of heat recovery conducted with heat pumps. Raw and treated wastewater are mostly used as heat sources, with the latter achieving higher thermal capacities. Heat recovery from a biological treatment process is rarely implemented and requires more detailed studies on this subject. The proposed methodology for estimating possible heat recovered from wastewater, requiring heating and cooling capacities, as well as the coefficient of performance (COP) of a heat pump, is based on only three parameters: wastewater volumetric flow, wastewater temperature, and the required temperature for heating or air-conditioning. The heat recovery potential was determined for different parts of WWTP processes, i.e., the sand box, aeration chamber, secondary sedimentation tank, and treated sewage disposal. The average values of 309–451 kW and a minimum of 58–68 kW in winter were determined. The results also indicate that, depending on the location of the heat recovery, it is possible to obtain from wastewater between 57.9 kW and 93.8 kW of heat or transfer to wastewater from 185.9 to 228.2 kW. To improve biological treatment processes in the winter season, wastewater should be preheated with a minimum of 349–356 kW that can be recovered from the treated wastewater. The heat transferred to the wastewater from the air-conditioning system amounts to 138–141 kW. By comparing the required cooling and heating capacities with the available resources, it is possible to fully recover or transfer the heat for central heating, hot water, and air conditioning of the building. Partial preheating of wastewater during the treatment process requires further analysis.

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Soundararajan, Srinath, e Mahalingam Selvaraj. "Investigations of protracted finned double pipe heat exchanger system for waste heat recovery from diesel engine exhaust". Thermal Science, n. 00 (2023): 143. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/tsci230212143s.

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The need for energy and material savings, as well as environmental concerns, have helped to increase the demand for high-efficiency heat exchangers in the modern era. In practice, a heat exchanger or the direct ejection of the hot working fluid is used to recover the waste heat from a heat engine or thermal power plant into the environment. Waste heat of a heat engine or power plant is recovered to the environment via a heat exchanger or by direct ejection from the hot working fluid. In many situations, waste heat recovery removes or greatly reduces the necessity for additional fuel energy input to achieve this goal. The double pipe heat exchanger equipment is taken in this research, heat from engine exhaust recovers due to its superior qualities. The design characteristics of the heat pipe will be changed in order to increase overall efficiency by studying the concepts of various authors. Different design parameters for a double pipe heat exchange system as well as different working fluid flow rates are tested with the suggested device. Additionally, ANSYS performs computational fluid dynamics for the proposed heat exchanger system in order for the results to support the experimental findings.

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McFARLAND, IAN. "Heat Recovery Apparatus". Heat Transfer Engineering 8, n. 4 (gennaio 1987): 33–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01457638708962814.

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Zolkowski, Jerry T. "Waste Heat Recovery". Energy Engineering 106, n. 5 (settembre 2009): 63–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01998590909594544.

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Più fonti

Tesi sul tema "Heat recovery"

Currie, John S. "Absorption heat recovery". Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/13527.

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Industrial drying operations are highly energy intensive, usually utilising a primary energy source to provide the necessary heat for the production of a wide range of materials. The use of hot air as the heat and mass transfer medium leads to a resultant loss of energy through the venting of humid exhaust streams. An absorption heat transformer pilot plant was designed and constructed to investigate the potential of recovering this waste heat. Using a two stage cycle, simulated dryer exhaust streams were successfully dehumidified and reheated. The first stage of the transformer employed a direct contact process which used a concentrated absorbent solution, in this case aqueous lithium bromide solution, to reduce the humidity of the gas stream. This stage was followed by an indirect contact process using a novel absorption column to reheat the 'dry' gas. It was found that, based on initial water vapour partial pressures of around 0.2 bar, exit partial pressures as low as 0.04 bar were achievable. Temperature lifts of 50 - 70°C were possible in the reheat column, while the maximum exit gas temperature achieved was 160°C. In conjunction with the experimental studies, a computer simulation program was also written. Results of the model show that the absorption process was extremely rapid, occurring within the first 5 cm (6%) of the absorption column. A good comparison between the experimental and computer results was achieved. A preliminary design of an industrial heat transformer was also proposed following an industrial case study of a spray drying operation.

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Razavinia, Nasimalsadat. "Waste heat recovery with heat pipe technology". Thesis, McGill University, 2010. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=94983.

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High grade energy, which is primarily derived from hydrocarbon fuels, is in short supply; therefore alternative energy sources such as renewable and recycled energy sources are gaining significant attention. Pyro-metallurgical processes are large consumers of energy. They in return generate large quantities of waste heat which goes un-recovered. The overall theme of this research is to capture, concentrate and convert some of this waste heat to a valuable form. The main objective is to characterize and develop heat pipe technology (some of which originated at McGill) to capture and concentrate low grade heat. Heat pipe employs boiling as the means to concentrate the energy contained in the waste heat and transfers it as higher quality energy. The distinct design features of this device (separate return line and flow modifiers in the evaporator) maximize its heat extraction capacity. During the testing the main limitations within the heat pipe were identified. Different test phases were designed throughout which the configuration of the system was modified to overcome these limitations and to increase the amount of extracted heat.
L'énergie d'haut grade de nos jours est produite principalement à base de combustion d'hydrocarbure et les réserves de cette énergie deviennent de plus en plus rare, mais certaines énergies alternatives connues gagnent des forces parmi les marchés incluant les sources d'énergie renouvelables et recyclées. Les usines pyrométallurgiques sont des consommateurs significatifs d'énergie d'haut grade. Ces procédés industriels relâches un montant important de chaleurs (perte) à l'environnement sans aucune récupération. Le but du projet est de concentrer, capturer et convertir cette chaleur résiduelle de basse qualité en énergie valable. Par contre, l'objectif principal du projet comme tel est de développer et de perfectionner un caloduc capable d'extraire cette chaleur parvenant des gaz effluents. Le point d'ébullition d'une substance (vapeur) est utilisé comme moyen de concentrer l'énergie contenu dans les effluents avec la technologie des caloducs. Pour maximiser les gains énergétiques, la conception de ce caloduc en particulier utilise des canaux de retour indépendant ainsi qu'un modificateur de débit dans l'évaporateur, lui permettant d'extraire un niveau supérieur de chaleur. Pendant les essais lors du projet, les éléments limitants des systèmes de caloducs ont été identifiés. Les configurations du système ont été ajustées et modifiés dans la phase expérimentale d'essai pour surmonter ces limitations et maximiser l'extraction de chaleur.

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Rojas, Tena Fernando, e Reber Kadir. "Waste Heat Recovery Modellering". Thesis, KTH, Förbränningsmotorteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-39923.

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SammanfattningI ett tidigare projekt, utfört under våren 2010, modellerades och simulerades en ånggenerator i GT-SUITE för att analysera och jämföra dess resultat med de faktiska motormätningarna. Projektet utfördes på Kungliga Tekniska Högskolan i Stockholm, på uppdrag av företaget som introducerat idén, Ranotor. Konceptet gick ut på att ersätta EGR-kylaren i en lastbilsmotor och med hjälp av Rankine cykeln försöka öka motorns verkningsgrad. Ånggeneratorn består av 48 mikro tuber, som alla innehåller vatten med högt tryck, vattnet värms upp av de varma avgaserna som letts in i ånggeneratorn. Detta gör att vattnet förångas och leds sedan för att driva en expander för att avlasta motorn.Huvudfokus i detta examensarbete har varit att modellera, studera och analysera ånggeneratorns prestanda i simuleringsprogrammet GT-SUITE. För att kunna göra detta måste ånggeneratorn, även kallad HRSG (Heat Recovery Steam Generator), modelleras från grunden med specifikationer från tillverkaren. En elementarmodell byggdes inledningsvis upp för att belysa beteendet av flödet inuti mikro tuberna och vilka parametrar som påverkar resultatet av simuleringarna. Senare gjordes även en komplett identisk modell av den verkliga ånggeneratorn. Modellen användes i ESC-cykeln och även för transienta körningar, där all indata är samlad från motormätningar på den verkliga ånggenerator, monterad på en DS1301, 6-cylinder 12 liter Scania diesel motor. För att kunna förbättra simuleringen av den kompletta modellen, gjordes en nedskalad modell som bara innehöll två tuber. Denna modell har samma dimensioner och egenskaper med den kompletta modellen, men fördelen med denna tvåtubs modell är den förkortade simuleringstiden.Inlopps parametrar såsom, vattenflöde, ångtryck, avgasflöde och avgastemperaturen togs från verkliga motormätningar. Samtliga parametrar varierar med tiden; detta gör det möjligt att göra en direkt jämförelse mellan den verkliga ånggeneratorn och den modellerade. Ångans och avgasernas temperatur samt tryckfallet över ångpannan är huvudparametrar som har jämförts med de verkliga mätningarna. Testkörningen är baserad på ESC-cykeln, European Stationary Cycle, som innehåller tolv lastpunkter och en tomgångspunkt. Jämförelser mellan den kompletta modellen och de faktiska provkörningarna visade följande: i det bästa fallet avviker ångans temperatur ~5% motsvarande 10°C. För det sämsta fallet är temperatur skillnaden ~20%, ca 40°C, övriga lastpunkter visar en felmarginal mellan 5-10% motsvarande 10-35°C. Tryckfallet över ångpannan visar en större felmarginal, vilket beror på mätningar under testkörningar där vissa filter var igen satta, därav uppmättes tryckfallet i vissa fall upp till 20 bar. I bästa fallet skiljer det ~1 % mellan simulering och verklighet, vilket är nästan identiskt, medan det i det sämsta falletskiljer uppemot 70 % som motsvarar 10 bar, övriga lastpunkter ligger i intervallet 10-15 % felmarginal, motsvarande 1-4 bar.Två tubs modellen beter sig som den kompletta modellen; avvikelsen mellan dessa modeller är 1-5% ~5-15°C i de flesta fallen, där skillnaden för det mesta liknar mätningarna. Värmeöverföringen, Reynolds tal, ångans effekt studeras i tvåtubs modellen. Analys av modellen visar att ~40-55 % av värmeöverföringen sker i fasomvandlingen, vilket var förvånande mycket och Reynolds tal ökar med ~450 % i denna region, från 1500 till ~6500, vilket tyder på en flödesövergångs fas. Ångans effekt varierar mellan 5-23 kW beroende på lastpunkt.Den slutliga modellen ger tillfredställande resultat och anses vara tillräckligt bra för vidare analys.
AbstractIn a previous project, made in the spring of 2010, a steam generator was modelled and simulated in GT-SUITE, in order to analyze and compare with engine measurements. This was made at the Royal Institute of Technology in Stockholm, on behalf of the company that introduced this idea, Ranotor. The concept was to replace the EGR-cooler in a heavy duty engine and with help of the Rankine cycle, try to improve its efficiency. The steam generator consists of 48 micro tubes, all containing high pressured water, which in turn is heated by the warm exhausts that are led into the steam generator. This causes the water in the tubes to evaporate which propels an expander that will unload the engine.The main focus of this thesis is to model, study and analyze the performance of the steam generator built in the simulation program GT-SUITE. The steam generator, called Heat Recovery Steam Generator (HRSG), is modelled from scratch with the specifications of the manufacturer. An elementary model was initially made to highlight the behaviour of the flow inside the micro tubes and what parameters affect the outcome of the simulations. Finally a complete identical model was made of the actual steam generator. The model was used in an ESC-cycle and also for a transient cycle, where all the input data is gathered on engine measurements of the actual HRSG, mounted on a DS1301, 6-cylinder 12 litre Scania diesel engine. In order to improve the simulation of the complete model a downsized model, only containing two tubes, was made. This model has the same dimensions and properties as the complete model but the advantage of this double-tube model is the shortened simulation time.The inlet parameters to the model such as water mass flow, steam pressure, exhaust mass flow and exhaust temperature were taken from actual engine measurements. All the parameters vary due to time; this makes a comparison possible between the real steam generator and the modelled one. Steam temperature, exhaust temperature and pressure drop along the HRSG are the main parameters from the simulations that are compared to the actual measurements. The engine measurements are made based on the ESC-cycle, European Stationary Cycle, which contains twelve load points and one idle point. During comparison between the complete model and the engine measurements following is observed, in the best case the steam temperature differs ~ 5 %, equalling 10°C. In the worst case the temperature difference is ~20 %, which is approximately 40°C, the rest of the load points shows a margin of error between 5-10 % equalling 10-35 °C. Pressure drop along the HRSG is less accurate;this is due to an error during the measurement where some filters where clogged. Disparity in pressure drop is ~1% in best case, which is almost identical and ~70% in worst case, corresponding to approximately 10 bar, where rest of the load points shows a margin of error between 10-15% equalling 1-4 bar.The double-tube model behaves like the complete model; the difference between the models is 1-5 % in most cases ~5-15°C, where the difference is mostly closer to the measurements. Heat transfer, Reynolds number and steam power are taken and studied from the double tube model. Analyses of the models reviles that ~40-55 % of the heat transfer is in the transition phase, which is surprisingly much and Reynolds number increases by ~450% in the same region, from 1500 to ~6500 which indicates a flow transition phase. Steam power varies between 5-23 kW depending on load point.The final model shows satisfying result and therefore assumed to be good enough for further analyse.

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Veijola, T. (Tommi). "Domestic wastewater heat recovery". Bachelor's thesis, University of Oulu, 2017. http://urn.fi/URN:NBN:fi:oulu-201704271600.

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The aim of this thesis is to study and explain the purpose and the function of drain water heat exchangers. The thesis goes over theory behind heat transfer and heat exchangers and presents the general solutions of domestic drain water heat recovery systems. Systems gone over in detail are the different general shower drain water heat recovery systems. Another part of the thesis is a case study of an actual shower drain water heat recovery system of a Finnish household. The purpose of the case study is to study the actual temperature increase of cold water in a drain water heat recovery unit and efficiency of such heat exchanger. An alternate goal is to study the difference in efficiency values and temperature gains between two heat exchangers of the same model, where the other has been used significantly more than the other. In other words, another target is to study the fouling effect. The calculations are done using real measurement data. The most important findings are that utilizing a shower drain heat recovery unit provides real energy savings in the long run, and that there is a significant difference of efficiency between a dirty and a clean heat exchanger. Drain water heat recovery systems provided as high as 15 °C increase in the temperature of cold water. A clean heat exchanger boasts an impressive 50.4% efficiency, whereas the dirtier heat exchanger provides a 36.1% efficiency. The results can be further used to calculate the energy savings of the household on a yearly basis. Furthermore, the results show that domestic drain water heat recovery could potentially make a significant difference in national energy usage if implemented nationwide.

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Hua, Lihong. "Heat exchanger development for waste water heat recovery". Thesis, University of Canterbury. Mechanical Engineering, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/6459.

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Hot water plays an import role in modem life. The consumption of hot water represents a significant part of the nation's energy consumption. One way of reducing the energy consumption involved, and hence the cost of that energy, is to reclaim heat from the waste warm water that is discharged to the sewer each day. The potential for economic waste water heat recovery depends on both the quantity available and whether the quality fits the requirement of the heating load. To recover heat from waste water in residential and commercial buildings is hard to achieve in quality because of its low temperature range. Nevertheless, efforts to recycle this waste energy could result in significant energy savings. The objective of this research was to develop a multiple panel thermosyphon heat exchanger for a waste water heat recovery system. The advantage of the system proposed in this work is that it not only provides useful energy transfer during simultaneous flow of cold supply and warm drain water but also has the ability to store recovered energy at the bottom of a hot water storage tank for later use. While this concept is not new, the design of the heat exchanger proposed for the present study is significantly different from those used previously. Component experiments were carried out to determine the performance characteristics of a single thermosyphon panel. By changing the inclination angle of the single panel heat exchanger and varying its working condition, it was found that the inclination angle of 10° could be identified as the minimum inclination angle at which good performance was still obtained. The close values of the overall heat transfer coefficients between top surface of the panel insulated and both top and bottom surfaces of the panel uninsulated shows that the overall heat transfer coefficient of the single panel was dominated by the bottom surface of the panel. Even if in a worst case the top surface of the panel might be possibly covered by the deposits from the waste water, it would not affect much on the heat transfer performance of the panel. Measurements of hot water usage and waste water temperature and flow rates were obtained for a potential application of the proposed exchanger (the dishwasher for the kitchen in the University Halls of Residence). A model of a multi-panel thermosyphon heat exchanger was also developed to predict the energy savings that would be expected if such a heat exchanger was used in this situation. The result indicated that an overall electricity of 7500 kWh could be saved annually from the dishwasher system by employing a four-panel thermosyphon heat exchanger.

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Nyholm, Joakim. "Horizontal wastewater heat recovery heat exchanger, a model". Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-263618.

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The residential and service sector amounts to approximately 40 percent of Sweden’s entire energy demand. In which 90 percent of that is used by households and non-residential buildings. All in all about 80 TWh are used for heating and the provision of hot water in households and non-residential buildings. Since heating has always been such a large part of the energy consumption for buildings in Sweden, it is only natural that there have been several improvements along the way. There’s a new facility just installed last year in the building Pennfäktaren 11, a horizontal wastewater heat recovery heat exchanger. This thesis study will be focused on creating a TRNSYS model of a waste water heat exchanger, where the crucial parameters such as water flow rate, temperature, and more can be used as inputs to assess the technical performance of the heat exchanger. The model developed in TRNSYS can simulate the performance of a single heat exchanger unit, with a few input parameters needed. The model was developed by using measurement data from the facility in Stockholm to get realistic results depending on time and actual measurements. From the measured data, there were a few parameters that needed to be calculated, first off the mass flow rate of the waste water flow, this was done by an energy balance over the heat exchanger. Following the mass flow rate the cold water set point had to be determined, so that the heat recovered was not larger than the heat that could be utilized by the building. Since data was available from a single site, there was not much else to do than accept the data as true, there were some data points that had to be sorted out however, such as negative flow rates and flow rates much higher than should be possible. The finished model uses all the data from the measurements as well as the calculated values, it provided heat transfer rate along with the outgoing temperatures of both waste water and the preheated water. The first reference scenario provided 25,3 MWh of recovered energy, but the best scenario with an increased waste water temperature as well as increased flow rate it could provide a total of 47,2 MWh, almost twice the original value. To conclude the model seems to simulate a waste water heat exchanger well and returns feasible data. It should be possible to use the model to see if a building is a good “candidate” to install a waste water heat exchanger in.
Byggnads och servicesektorn står för cirka 40 procent av Sveriges energibehov. Av de 40 procenten består 90% av energibehov ifrån hushåll och kontorsbyggnader. Totalt sett 80 TWh används för uppvärmning av byggnader samt varmvatten. Då uppvärmning alltid varit en stor del av energibehovet i Sverige är det naturligt att det skett en rad förbättringar på vägen. Det finns en ny anläggning på Pennfäktaren 11 i Stockholm, en horisontell värmeväxlare för avloppsvatten. Den här uppsatsen fokuserar på att skapa en modell i TRNSYS av en värmeväxlare där parametrar som vattenflöde, temperatur, och mer kan användas för att bedöma den tekniska aspekten av en installation av värmeväxlare i en byggnad. Modellen kan simulera prestandan av en ensam värmeväxlare, med endast ett fåtal parametrar som behövs. Modellen baseras på mätdata ifrån anläggningen på Pennfäktaren, denna mätdata har sedan använts för att beräkna först massflödet av avloppsvatten men också för att bestämma hur mycket värme som är möjligt att återvinna utan att överskrida det byggnaden faktiskt kan använda. Då det bara finns data ifrån en källa fick den anses som korrekt, dock gjordes en del ändringar där data helt enkelt var omöjligt, t.ex. negativa avloppsflöden och flödesmängder så höga att de inte ska kunna vara möjliga. Den färdiga modellen använder mätdata tillsammans med de beräknade värdena. Detta används för att genom modellen beräkna temperaturvärden för utgående vatten och avlopp samt den totala mängden återvunnen värme. I referensscenariot kunde totalt 25,3 MWh värme återvinnas men det bästa scenariot med ökad avloppstemperatur och avloppsflöde kunde närmare 47,2 MWh återvinnas, nästan det dubbla från referensvärdet. För att sammanfatta ger modellens simulationer rimliga värden för värmeväxlaren. Det bör därför vara fullt möjligt att använda modellen för att bedöma ett hus rimlighet till en värmeväxlarinstallation.

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Gillott, Mark C. "A novel mechanical ventilation heat recovery/heat pump system". Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2000. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12148/.

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The trend towards improving building airtightness to save energy has increased the incidence of poor indoor air quality and associated problems, such as condensation on windows, mould, rot and fungus on window frames. Mechanical ventilation/heat recovery systems, combined with heat pumps, offer a means of significantly improving indoor air quality, as well as providing energy efficient heating and cooling required in buildings. This thesis is concerned with the development of a novel mechanical ventilation heat recovery/heat pump system for the domestic market. Several prototypes have been developed to provide mechanical ventilation with heat recovery. These systems utilise an annular array of revolving heat pipes which simultaneously transfer heat and impel air. The devices, therefore, act as fans as well as heat exchangers. The heat pipes have wire finned extended surfaces to enhance the heat transfer and fan effect. The systems use environmentally friendly refrigerants with no ozone depletion potential and very low global warming potential. A hybrid system was developed which incorporated a heat pump to provide winter heating and summer cooling. Tests were carried out on different prototype designs. The type of tinning, the working fluid charge and the number and geometry of heat pipes was varied. The prototypes provide up to 1000m3/hr airflow, have a maximum static pressure of 220Pa and have heat exchanger efficiencies of up to 65%. At an operating supply rate of 200m3/hr and static pressure 100Pa, the best performing prototype has a heat exchanger efficiency of 53%. The heat pump system used the hydrocarbon isobutane as the refrigerant. Heating COPs of up to 5 were measured. Typically the system can heat air from 0°C to 26°C at 200m3/hr with a whole system COP of 2. The contribution to knowledge from this research work is the development of a novel MVHR system and a novel MVHR heat pump system and the establishment of the performances of these systems.

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Grundén, Emma, e Max Grischek. "Testing the Heat Transfer of a Drain Water Heat Recovery Heat Exchanger". Thesis, KTH, Energiteknik, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-190188.

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This study investigates the change in thermal resistance due to fouling in drain water pipes. As insulation of houses and energy efficiency of appliances improve, the importance of Drain Water Heat Recovery (DWHR) is growing steadily. In older houses, the relative heat loss through drain water is smaller than in newly built houses, but should still be considered. For example, 17 % of the total heat loss in Swedish multi-family houses built before 1940 was transported with the drain water (Ekelin et al., 2006). The average temperature of drain blackwater is between 23 °C and 26 °C (Seybold & Brunk, 2013), and a part of its heat can be recovered in DWHR systems. This allows cold incoming water to houses and buildings to be pre-heated by drain water before it is heated in the heat pump. Depending on the system, 30 % to 75 % of the heat from drain water can be recovered (Zaloum et al., 2007b). A threat to heat exchanger performance is that additional materials, so called fouling, accumulate on the surfaces of the heat exchangers and increases its thermal resistance. This resistance can be described by a fouling resistance and can be very costly due to losses in heat transfer and required cleaning. To quantify the fouling resistance, experiments were conducted in a climate chamber on Brinellvägen 66, using a pipe that had been installed for 3 years in the sewage system from the men’s toilet on Brinellvägen 64B. The installed pipe was compared with a pipe from the same manufacturer with the same dimensions. The pipes were sealed and filled with water at about 20 °C. Thermocouples were used to measure the decrease in water temperature over time in both pipes. Based on these measurements, the difference in thermal resistance was found, using curve fitting and the Lumped Capacitance Method. The fouling resistance was quantified by comparing the thermal resistances of the test pipe with and without fouling. The main findings were firstly that fouling significantly increases the thermal resistance of aluminium pipes. Secondly, corrosion causes a significant decrease in the pipes’ thermal resistance. The combination of these effects led to a decrease of 14 % in thermal resistance in the examined system after three years compared to the time of installation. The decrease in thermal resistance due to corrosion in the test pipe was 44 % compared to the time of installation. Furthermore, the thermal resistance of the test pipe decreased by 51 % when it was cleaned from the fouling. The fouling resistance of the 0.81 mm fouling layer was found to be 0.03068 m2K/W.
Denna studie undersöker den ökade termiska resistansen i avloppsrör på grund av beläggningar. Idag lägg stor vikt vid bra isolering och energieffektiv utrustning i nybyggda hus, vilket även sätter press på värmeåtervinning av avloppsvatten. Värmeåtervinningen av avloppsvatten är mindre viktig i äldre hus, då den relativa värmeförlusten av avloppsvatten är lägre än i nybyggda hus, men bör likväl tas i akt vid utvärderingen av värmeanvändning. I ett svenskt flerfamiljshus byggt före 1940 stod värmeförlusten på grund av varmt avloppsvatten för 17 % av den totala värmeförlusten (Ekelin et al., 2006). Den genomsnittliga temperaturen för svartvatten ligger på 23 °C till 26 °C (Seybold & Brunk, 2013), varav delar av värmen kan återvinnas i värmeväxlare. Detta bidrar till att det kalla ingående vattnet till värmepumpen förvärms av värmen från avloppsvattnet. Beroende på system och material kan 30 % till 75 % av värmen från avloppsvatten återvinnas (Zaloum et al., 2007b). Ett hot mot prestandan av värmeväxlare är att beläggning formas på de värmeöverförande ytorna i värmeväxlaren. Detta bidrar till en ökad termisk resistans och kan vara mycket kostsam på grund av minskning av värmeöverföring och nödvändig rengöring av anordningen. För att undersöka omfattningen av den ökade termiska resistansen utfördes en rad experiment i en klimatkammare på Brinellvägen 66. En jämförande metod användes där ett aluminiumrör, som tidigare installerats i avloppssystemet från herrarnas toalett i korridoren på Brinellvägen 64B, jämfördes med ett identiskt rör av samma tillverkare. Rören var tätade och fyllda med 20-gradigt kranvatten. Termoelement användes för att, över tid, mäta minskningen av vattentemperaturen i rören. Temperaturskillnaden användes för att beskriva skillnaden i termisk resistans genom att utföra kurvanpassning och tillämpa Lumped Capacitance Method. Skillnaden i termisk resistans mellan de båda rören antogs vara lika med beläggningens motstånd för värmeöverföring. Två huvudsakliga resultat kom av studien. Det första var att beläggning bidrar till ökad termisk resistans av aluminiumrör. Den andra var att korrosion tillsammans med andra externa faktorer orsakar en märkbar minskning av rörens termiska resistans. Totalt sett orsakade beläggningen tillsammans med korrosion en minskning av 14 % av den termiska resistansen i provröret, jämfört med den termiska resistansen vid installationstillfället. Vidare låg minskningen i termisk resistans på grund av korrosion i teströret på 44 % jämfört med den termiska resistansen vid installationstillfället och den genomsnittliga termiska resistansen av det rengjorda teströret låg på 51 % lägre än den genomsnittliga resistansen av teströret innan rengöring. Den beräknade resistansen för ett 0.81 mm tjockt lager av beläggning var 0.03068 m2K/W.

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Aguilar, Alex. "Harnessing thermoacoustics for waste heat recovery". Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2020. https://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/130213.

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Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering, September, 2020
Cataloged from student-submitted PDF of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 25-26).
Environmental concerns and economic incentives have created a push for a reduction in emissions and an increase in efficiency. The U.S. Department of Energy estimates that 20 to 50% of the energy consumed in manufacturing processes is lost in some form to waste heat. The purpose of this study is to review the waste heat recovery technologies currently available in both commercial and research applications to determine how thermoacoustics may serve a role in furthering the use of waste heat recovery units. A literary review of the most common waste heat recovery units was compiled to determine the advantages and disadvantages of the different technologies by comparing components and their governing processes. An existing model of a thermoacoustic converter (TAC) was reviewed and a conceptual analysis written to suggest improvements for future experimental designs.
by Alex Aguilar.
S.B.
S.B. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Mechanical Engineering

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Finger, Erik J. "Two-stage heat engine for converting waste heat to useful work". online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2005. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3186905.

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Più fonti

Libri sul tema "Heat recovery"

Council, Electricity, a cura di. Heat recovery with heat exchangers. [London]: [Electricity Council], 1986.

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Canada, Canada Natural Resources, e Canada. Office of Energy Efficiency., a cura di. Heat recovery ventilator. 2^a ed. Ottawa: Natural Resources Canada, 2006.

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Zhang, Li-Zhi. Total heat recovery: Heat & moisture recovery from ventilation air. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2009.

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Council, Electricity, a cura di. Heat recovery with electric heat pumps. [London]: [Electricity Council], 1986.

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Lewis, Roger. Domestic heat recovery ventilation. Portsmouth: University of Portsmouth, 2004.

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Goldstick, Robert. Principles of waste heat recovery. Atlanta, Ga: Fairmont Press, 1986.

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Meeting, American Society of Mechanical Engineers Winter. Heat transfer in waste heat recovery and heat rejection systems. New York (345 E. 47th St., New York 10017): ASME, 1986.

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Dorgan, Chad B. Chiller heat recovery application guide. Atlanta, Ga: American Society of Heating, Refrigerating, and Air-Conditioning Engineers, 1999.

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Chartered Institution of Building Services Engineers., a cura di. Air-to-air heat recovery. London: CIBSE, 1995.

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Albert, Thumann, a cura di. Principles of waste heat recovery. Hemel Hempstead: Prentice-Hall, 1986.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Heat recovery"

Vaillencourt, Richard. "Heat Recovery". In Simple Solutions to Energy Calculations, 139–48. 6^a ed. New York: River Publishers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003207320-9.

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Hirschbichler, Franz. "Exhaust Heat Recovery". In Handbook of Diesel Engines, 401–13. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-89083-6_14.

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Golwalkar, Kiran. "Heat Recovery Equipments". In Process Equipment Procurement in the Chemical and Related Industries, 135–47. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-12078-2_11.

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Mehta, D. Paul. "Waste Heat Recovery". In Energy Management Handbook, 209–32. Ninth edition. | Louisville, Kentucky : Fairmont Press, Inc., [2018]: River Publishers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003151364-8.

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Kaya, Durmuş, Fatma Çanka Kılıç e Hasan Hüseyin Öztürk. "Waste Heat Recovery". In Energy Management and Energy Efficiency in Industry, 463–78. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-25995-2_17.

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Gülen, S. Can. "Waste Heat Recovery". In Applied Second Law Analysis of Heat Engine Cycles, 127–47. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003247418-8.

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Thulukkanam, Kuppan. "Regenerators and Waste Heat Recovery Devices". In Heat Exchangers, 495–567. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003352044-6.

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Sengupta, Piyali, S. K. Dutta e B. K. Choudhury. "Waste Heat Recovery Policy". In Energy, Environment, and Sustainability, 185–205. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-7509-4_11.

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Zeyi, Jiang, e Xu Kuangdi. "Flue Gas Heat Recovery". In The ECPH Encyclopedia of Mining and Metallurgy, 1–2. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-0740-1_281-1.

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Nover, L. "Recovery of Gene Expression Patterns". In Heat Shock Response, 335–44. Boca Raton: CRC Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780367811730-16.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Heat recovery"

Malcho, Milan, Richard Lenhard, Katarína Kaduchová, Dávid Hečko e Stanislav Gavlas. "Heat recovery systems". In 38TH MEETING OF DEPARTMENTS OF FLUID MECHANICS AND THERMODYNAMICS. AIP Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5114757.

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McCullough, Charles R., Scott M. Thompson e Heejin Cho. "Heat Recovery With Oscillating Heat Pipes". In ASME 2013 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2013-66241.

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Waste-heat recovery applied in HVAC air systems is of interest to increase the energy efficiency of residential, commercial and industrial buildings. In this study, the feasibility of using tubular-shaped oscillating heat pipes (OHPs), which are two-phase heat transfer devices with ultra-high thermal conductivity, for heat exchange between counter-flowing air streams (i.e., outdoor and exhaust air flows) was investigated. For a prescribed volumetric flow rate of air and duct geometry, four different OHP Heat Exchangers (OHP-HEs) were sized via the ε-NTU method for the task of sub-cooling intake air 5.5 °C (10 °F). The OHP-HE tubes were assumed to have a static thermal conductivity of 50,000 W/m·K and only operate upon a minimum temperature difference in order to simulate their inherent heat transport capability and start-up behavior. Using acetone as the working fluid, it was found that for a maximum temperature difference of 7°C or more, the OHP-HE can operate and provide for an effectiveness of 0.36. Pressure drop analysis indicates the presented OHP-HE design configurations provide for a minimum of 5 kPa. The current work provides a necessary step for quantifying and designing the OHP for waste heat recovery in AC systems.

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Pierobon, Leonardo, Rambabu Kandepu e Fredrik Haglind. "Waste Heat Recovery for Offshore Applications". In ASME 2012 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2012-86254.

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With increasing incentives for reducing the CO2 emissions offshore, optimization of energy usage on offshore platforms has become a focus area. Most of offshore oil and gas platforms use gas turbines to support the electrical demand on the platform. It is common to operate a gas turbine mostly under part-load conditions most of the time in order to accommodate any short term peak loads. Gas turbines with flexibility with respect to fuel type, resulting in low turbine inlet and exhaust gas temperatures, are often employed. The typical gas turbine efficiency for an offshore application might vary in the range 20–30%. There are several technologies available for onshore gas turbines (and low/medium heat sources) to convert the waste heat into electricity. For offshore applications it is not economical and practical to have a steam bottoming cycle to increase the efficiency of electricity production, due to low gas turbine outlet temperature, space and weight restrictions and the need for make-up water. A more promising option for use offshore is organic Rankine cycles (ORC). Moreover, several oil and gas platforms are equipped with waste heat recovery units to recover a part of the thermal energy in the gas turbine off-gas using heat exchangers, and the recovered thermal energy acts as heat source for some of the heat loads on the platform. The amount of the recovered thermal energy depends on the heat loads and thus the full potential of waste heat recovery units may not be utilized. In present paper, a review of the technologies available for waste heat recovery offshore is made. Further, the challenges of implementing these technologies on offshore platforms are discussed from a practical point of view. Performance estimations are made for a number of combined cycles consisting of a gas turbine typically used offshore and organic Rankine cycles employing different working fluids; an optimal media is then suggested based on efficiency, weight and space considerations. The paper concludes with suggestions for further research within the field of waste heat recovery for offshore applications.

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Thada, Shantanu, Yash T. Rajan, A. M. Pradeep e Arunkumar Sridharan. "Thermodynamic Analysis of Waste Heat Recovery Systems in Large Waste Heat Generating Industries". In ASME Turbo Expo 2021: Turbomachinery Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2021-59194.

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Abstract The accelerating growth of electricity demand necessitates looking for potential waste heat recovery solutions in production industries. Significant potential for efficient waste heat recovery is observed in the cement manufacturing industry. Based on the waste heat source temperatures in a cement plant, two potential candidates, the supercritical CO2 Brayton (S-CO2) cycle or the Organic Rankine cycle (ORC), promises low capital cost and enhanced thermodynamic performance. The current study focuses on modelling and optimization of the S-CO2 and ORC cycles for a 1 MTPA cement plant, with the raw-clinker preheater as the waste-heat source. The primary objective is to maximize the net-power output using genetic algorithms. A comparative performance analysis of the two ORCs with working fluids: R134a and Propane, the simply recuperated S-CO2 cycle (RC) and recompressed-recuperated S-CO2 cycle (RRC) configurations is presented with varying number of preheaters. For all cases, ORC-R134a yields more power than the ORC-Propane, RC, and RRC configurations. In terms of the waste heat recovered, ORC-Propane marginally outperforms ORC-R134a. The ORC configurations recover 32%–38% of the available heat, while the S-CO2 configurations recover, at maximum, 25%–30% of the available heat.

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Yazawa, Kazuaki, e Ali Shakouri. "Heat transfer modeling for bio-heat recovery". In 2016 15th IEEE Intersociety Conference on Thermal and Thermomechanical Phenomena in Electronic Systems (ITherm). IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/itherm.2016.7517723.

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Glavachka, V., V. G. Kiselev, Yu N. Matveev, M. I. Rabetsky e P. Schtulz. "UNIFIED HEAT PIPE HEAT EXCHANGERS USED FOR HEAT RECOVERY". In Heat Pipe Technology: Volume 2. Materials and Applications. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ihpc1990v2.570.

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Zhou, Xian, Hua Liu, Lin Fu e Shigang Zhang. "Experimental Study of Natural Gas Combustion Flue Gas Waste Heat Recovery System Based on Direct Contact Heat Transfer and Absorption Heat Pump". In ASME 2013 7th International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the ASME 2013 Heat Transfer Summer Conference and the ASME 2013 11th International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2013-18316.

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Condensing boiler for flue gas waste heat recovery is widely used in industries. In order to gain a portion of the sensible heat and latent heat of the vapor in the flue gas, the flue gas is cooled by return water of district heating through a condensation heat exchanger which is located at the end of flue. At low ambient air temperature, some boilers utilize the air pre-heater, which makes air be heated before entering the boiler, and also recovers part of the waste heat of flue gas. However, there are some disadvantages for these technologies. For the former one, the low temperature of the return water is required while the utilization of flue gas heat for the latter one is very limited. A new flue gas condensing heat recovery system is developed, in which direct contact heat exchanger and absorption heat pump are integrated with the gas boiler to recover condensing heat, even the temperature of the return water is so low that the latent heat of vapor in the flue gas could not be recovered directly by the general condensing technologies. Direct contact condensation occurs when vapor in the flue gas contacts and condenses on cold liquid directly. Due to the absence of a solid boundary between the phases, transport processes at the phase interface are much more efficient and quite different from condensation phenomena on a solid surface. Additionally, the surface heat exchanger tends to be more bulky and expensive. In this study, an experimental platform of the new system is built, and a variety of experimental conditions are carried out. Through the analysis of the experimental data and operational state, the total thermal efficiency of the platform will be increased 3.9%, and the system is reliable enough to be popularized.

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Hunter, Bill, e Allen Ray. "Cement plant waste heat recovery heat-to-horsepower". In 2016 IEEE-IAS/PCA Cement Industry Technical Conference. IEEE, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/citcon.2016.7742661.

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Vesely, Ladislav, Jayanta Kapat, Cleverson Bringhenti, Guilherme B. Ribeiro e Jesuíno T. Tomita. "Innovative Design of Waste Heat Recovery Heat Exchangers". In AIAA SCITECH 2024 Forum. Reston, Virginia: American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.2514/6.2024-2757.

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Boziuk, T. R., Bojan Vukasinovic e Ari Glezer. "Acoustically-enhanced condensation heat recovery in heat exchangers". In 10th International Symposium on Turbulence, Heat and Mass Transfer, THMT-23, Rome, Italy, 11-15 September 2023. Connecticut: Begellhouse, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1615/ichmt.thmt-23.280.

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Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Heat recovery"

Taylor, Zachary T. Residential Heat Recovery Ventilation. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), dicembre 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1488935.

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Fowler, Jim. Togiak Heat Recovery Project. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), dicembre 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/2281022.

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Grieco, A. (Waste water heat recovery system). Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), maggio 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/6839699.

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Keiser, James R., Joseph R. Kish, Preet M. Singh, Gorti B. Sarma, Jerry Yuan, J. Peter Gorog, Laurie A. Frederick, Francois R. Jette, Roberta A. Meisner e Douglas L. Singbeil. Final Report, Materials for Industrial Heat Recovery Systems, Tasks 3 and 4 Materials for Heat Recovery in Recovery Boilers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), dicembre 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/921898.

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Keiser, James R., W. B. A. (Sandy) Sharp, Douglas Singbeil, Preet M. Singh, Laurie A. Frederick e Joseph Meyer. Improving Heat Recovery In Biomass-Fired Boilers. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), luglio 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1093743.

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Herschel, B. Modular apparatus for laundry dryer heat recovery. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), marzo 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7009625.

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Buchanan, C. R., e M. H. Sherman. A mathematical model for infiltration heat recovery. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), maggio 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/767547.

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McGrail, Bernard, Mark White, Signe White, Jian Liu, Satish Nune e Jeromy WJ Jenks. Thermocatalytic Heat Pipes for Geothermal Resource Recovery. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), ottobre 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1771340.

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Wilcox e Poerner. L52316 Small Scale Waste Heat Recovery Study. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), marzo 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0000003.

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Abstract (sommario):

Two important and current topics of interest for gas machinery operators are emissions and energy efficiency. Current climate change legislation is leaning towards reduced emissions and improvements in energy utilization efficiency, which has renewed the interest in Waste Heat Recovery (WHR) at pipeline stations. In the past, the focus of WHR has been on large-scale applications, with little attention paid to small-scale WHR systems. Many of the concepts discussed in this report have been used in other applications or part of the concept has been implemented before, but not while using waste heat. Some of the other concepts are new ideas that have not been done and require a significant amount of development, before they can be implemented in the future. Out of the top ten concepts identified in this study, there are three main areas, which if developed further, have a high potential benefit to the station or could enable the use of many of the WHR concepts.

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Wilcox, Poerner, Ridens e Coogan. PR-015-11206-R01 Waste Heat Recovery Phase II. Chantilly, Virginia: Pipeline Research Council International, Inc. (PRCI), agosto 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.55274/r0010782.

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At a pipeline station with a gas turbine or internal combustion engine , there is waste heat which is currently being vented to the atmosphere. Capturing and using this waste heat could potentially increase the overall thermal efficiency of the station, reduce emissions at the station, and reduce operational costs. In the past, the focus of waste heat recovery systems has been on large scale systems. Little attention has been given to small-scale options which would be suitable for use at a pipeline compressor station. This project evaluted options for using waste heat recovery for internal facility uses such as gas compressor aftercooling. Readers are cautioned that the economimics/feasibility analysis reflect some some assumptions that are not commonly applicable for most compressor facilities and therefore any conclusions based on economics should not be considered to be widely applicable.

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