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Bibliografie tematiche / Heat loads on the divertor

Letteratura scientifica selezionata sul tema "Heat loads on the divertor"

Autore: Grafiati

Pubblicato: 8 giugno 2024

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Articoli di riviste sul tema "Heat loads on the divertor":

1

Barr, William L., e B. Grant Logan. "A Slot Divertor for Tokamaks with High Divertor Heat Loads". Fusion Technology 18, n. 2 (settembre 1990): 251–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.13182/fst90-a29297.

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2

Marki, J., R. A. Pitts, J. Horacek e D. Tskhakaya. "ELM induced divertor heat loads on TCV". Journal of Nuclear Materials 390-391 (giugno 2009): 801–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2009.01.212.

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3

Herrmann, A. "Overview on stationary and transient divertor heat loads". Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 44, n. 6 (29 maggio 2002): 883–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/44/6/318.

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4

Riccardo, V., P. Andrew, L. C. Ingesson e G. Maddaluno. "Disruption heat loads on the JET MkIIGB divertor". Plasma Physics and Controlled Fusion 44, n. 6 (29 maggio 2002): 905–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0741-3335/44/6/319.

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5

Mavrin, Aleksey A., e Andrey A. Pshenov. "Tolerable Stationary Heat Loads to Liquid Lithium Divertor Targets". Plasma 5, n. 4 (15 novembre 2022): 482–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plasma5040036.

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An 0D model is proposed that makes it possible to estimate the limiting stationary heat loads to the targets covered with liquid lithium (LL) layer, taking into account the effects of vapor shielding by sputtered and evaporated LL and hydrogen recycling. Several models of cooled target substrates are considered in which the LL layer facing the plasma is placed. For the considered substrate models, a parametric analysis of the tolerable stationary heat loads to the target on the substrate thickness, the effective cooling energy per particle of sputtered lithium, and the lithium prompt redeposition factor was carried out. It is shown that, at a small substrate thickness, the choice of the substrate model has a significant impact on the tolerable heat loads. It is also shown that even at unrealistically large values of the effective cooling energy, the dissipation of lithium remains modest. This means that in regimes with a high power coming from the core plasma to the edge, the injection of an additional radiator is required. Finally, it is shown that one of the most effective ways to increase the tolerable stationary heat loads would be to reduce the thickness of the target substrate.

6

Dai, S. Y., D. F. Kong, V. S. Chan, L. Wang, Y. Feng e D. Z. Wang. "EMC3–EIRENE simulations of neon impurity seeding effects on heat flux distribution on CFETR". Nuclear Fusion 62, n. 3 (1 marzo 2022): 036019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/ac47b5.

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Abstract The numerical modelling of the heat flux distribution with neon impurity seeding on China fusion engineering test reactor has been performed by the three-dimensional (3D) edge transport code EMC3–EIRENE. The maximum heat flux on divertor targets is about 18 MW m−2 without impurity seeding under the input power of 200 MW entering into the scrape-off layer. In order to mitigate the heat loads below 10 MW m−2, neon impurity seeded at different poloidal positions has been investigated to understand the properties of impurity concentration and heat load distributions for a single toroidal injection location. The majority of the studied neon injections gives rise to a toroidally asymmetric profile of heat load deposition on the in- or out-board divertor targets. The heat loads cannot be reduced below 10 MW m−2 along the whole torus for a single toroidal injection location. In order to achieve the heat load mitigation (<10 MW m−2) along the entire torus, modelling of sole and simultaneous multi-toroidal neon injections near the in- and out-board strike points has been stimulated, which indicates that the simultaneous multi-toroidal neon injections show a better heat flux mitigation on both in- and out-board divertor targets. The maximum heat flux can be reduced below 7 MW m−2 on divertor targets for the studied scenarios of the simultaneous multi-toroidal neon injections.

7

Hassanein, Ahmed. "Analysis of sweeping heat loads on divertor plate materials". Journal of Nuclear Materials 191-194 (settembre 1992): 499–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-3115(09)80095-0.

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8

Gunn, J. P., S. Carpentier-Chouchana, F. Escourbiac, T. Hirai, S. Panayotis, R. A. Pitts, Y. Corre et al. "Surface heat loads on the ITER divertor vertical targets". Nuclear Fusion 57, n. 4 (8 marzo 2017): 046025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1741-4326/aa5e2a.

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9

Abrams, T., M. A. Jaworski, J. Kallman, R. Kaita, E. L. Foley, T. K. Gray, H. Kugel, F. Levinton, A. G. McLean e C. H. Skinner. "Response of NSTX liquid lithium divertor to high heat loads". Journal of Nuclear Materials 438 (luglio 2013): S313—S316. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2013.01.057.

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10

HASSANEIN, A. "Analysis of sweeping heat loads on divertor plate materials*1". Journal of Nuclear Materials 191-194 (settembre 1992): 499–502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3115(92)90815-3.

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Tesi sul tema "Heat loads on the divertor":

1

Sieglin, Bernhard A. [Verfasser], Ulrich [Akademischer Betreuer] Stroth e Andreas [Akademischer Betreuer] Ulrich. "Experimental Investigation of Heat Transport and Divertor Loads of Fusion Plasmas in All Metal ASDEX Upgrade and JET / Bernhard A. Sieglin. Gutachter: Andreas Ulrich ; Ulrich Stroth. Betreuer: Ulrich Stroth". München : Universitätsbibliothek der TU München, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1052653316/34.

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2

Grosjean, Alex. "Impact of geometry and shaping of the plasma facing components on hot spot generation in tokamak devices". Electronic Thesis or Diss., Aix-Marseille, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020AIXM0556.

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Cette thèse s’inscrit en support du projet ITER, sur l’étude du comportement thermique de prototypes de CFP dans des tokamaks supraconducteurs : EAST et WEST. Ces prototypes correspondent à un enchaînement de monoblocs de tungstène le long d’un tube de refroidissement, séparés par des interstices (0.5 mm), qui permet d’extraire la chaleur de ces composants. L’introduction de ces interstices entre monoblocs (toroïdaux) ou entre barres de monoblocs (poloïdaux), implique que le bord poloïdal peut être exposé aux lignes de champ avec une incidence quasi-normale. Un échauffement local très important est attendu sur une fine bande latérale de la surface supérieure de chaque monobloc, qui peut être accentué dans le cas où les composants sont désalignés. Nous proposons dans ce travail d’étudier l’impact de deux géométries (arête vive et chanfrein) de ces composants ainsi que de leurs désalignements sur la génération de points chauds locaux, à l’aide de diagnostics embarqués (TC/FBG), et d’une caméra infrarouge très haute résolution (~0.1 mm/pixel), dont l’émissivité varie en fonction de la longueur d’onde, de la température, et de l’état de surface, qui évolue au contact du plasma, lors des différentes campagnes expérimentales. Les sondes de Langmuir permettront de mesurer la température du plasma, et par conséquent d’estimer les rayons de Larmor des ions, qui pourront jouer un rôle important dans la distribution locale du flux de chaleur autour des bords poloïdaux et toroïdaux. Les travaux menés ici, montrent la cohérence entre les calculs prédictifs et les résultats expérimentaux et appuient la décision d'ITER de biseauter les MBs pour protéger leurs bords d'attaque
This PhD falls within ITER project support, aiming to study the thermal behavior of ITER-like PFC prototypes in two superconducting tokamaks: EAST (Hefei) and WEST (Cadarache). These prototypes correspond to castellated tungsten monoblocks placed along a cooling tube with small gaps (0.5 mm) between them, called plasma-facing units, to extract the heat from the components. The introduction of gaps between monoblocks (toroidal) and plasma-facing units (poloidal), to relieve the thermomechanical stresses in the divertor, implies that poloidal leading edges may be exposed to near-normal incidence angle. A local overheating is expected in a thin lateral band at the top of each monoblocks, which can be enhanced when the neighboring components are misaligned. In this work, we propose to study the impact of two geometries (sharp and chamfered LEs) of these components, as well as their misalignments on local hot spot generation, by means of embedded diagnostics (TC/FBG), and a submillimeter infrared system (~0.1 mm/pixel), whose emissivity varies with wavelength, and the temperature, but above all, the surface state of the component, which evolves under plasma exposure, during the experimental campaigns. The divertor Langmuir probes measure the plasma temperature, and thus estimate the ion Larmor radius that may play a role in the local heat flux distribution around poloidal and toroidal edges. The results presented in this thesis, confirming the modelling predictions by experimental measurements, support the final decision by ITER to include 0.5 mm toroidal beveling of monoblocks on the vertical divertor targets to protect poloidal leading edges from excessive heat flux

3

Karampour, Mazyar. "MEASUREMENT AND MODELLING OF ICE RINK HEAT LOADS". Thesis, KTH, Tillämpad termodynamik och kylteknik, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-61330.

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Ice rinks are among the most energy intensive public buildings in developed and developing countries. According to a research on Swedish ice rinks; a typical ice rink consumes approximately 1185 MWh/year which leads to more than 300 GWh/year for the 342 Swedish indoor ice rinks. The refrigeration system is usually the largest consumer by 43% average share of the total energy consumption. To decrease the refrigeration system energy demand, there are a variety of energy efficiency techniques known and available but the key to select the best ones is finding the major heat loads on the ice sheet and refrigeration system, which is unique for each ice rink. To fulfil this objective and in addition to review literature, this study has two main approaches. The first approach is to measure and evaluate the performance of the refrigeration system in two ice rinks, called Norrtälje and Älta. The estimated cooling capacity is approximately equal to the total heat load on the ice plus the heat gains in the distribution system. This goal has been accomplished by using a performance analyser called “ClimaCheck” which is based on an “internal method” because it uses the compressor as an internal mass flow meter and consequently, there is no need for an external one. The refrigerant mass flow rate is calculated by an energy balance over the compressor. By knowing the mass flow, enthalpy of the refrigerant, etc. the cooling capacity and COP of the system can be calculated. While the total heat load is known by the first approach, the second approach tries to discover different heat loads shares by analytical modelling. The measured physical and thermodynamical parameters plus the ice rink geometrical characteristics are input to the heat transfer correlations to estimate the heat load magnitude. The results of the measurements show that the total energy consumption in Norrtälje is about two third of Älta. The main reasons for this less energy consumption are smarter control systems for compressors and pumps, better ventilation distribution design and 1°C-2°C higher ice temperature. Analytical modelling for a sample day has estimated that about 84% of the total heat loads is originated from the heat loads on ice sheet while the distribution system causes the remaining 16%. Moreover, calculations show that convection plus small portion of condensation (altogether 36%), radiation (23%), ice resurfacing (14%) and lighting (7%) are the largest heat loads in winter while in summer condensation is another significant heat load (10%). Comparing two six-hour periods, one without ice resurfacing and four resurfacings in the second one, 30% more cooling demand has been calculated for the second period. Furthermore, it has been shown that the evaporator to brine is the contributor for 66% of the heat transfer resistances from ice to evaporator while brine to bottom ice and bottom to top ice accounts for 27% and 7% respectively. To conclude, a parallel “performance analysis of the refrigeration system” and “heat loads estimation” proves to be a useful tool for adopting proper design and control for energy efficient operation.
Stoppsladd financed by Swedish Energy Agency (Energimyndigheten) and Swedish Ice Hockey Association

4

Ohno, N., M. Tanaka, N. Ezumi, D. Nishijima e S. Takamura. "Dynamic response of detached recombining plasmas to plasma heat pulse in a divertor simulator". American Institute of Physics, 1999. http://hdl.handle.net/2237/7001.

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5

Hageman, Mitchell D. "Experimental investigation of the thermal performance of gas-cooled divertor plate concepts". Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/34698.

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Magnetic confinement fusion has the potential to provide a nearly inexhaustible source of energy. Current fusion energy research projects involve conceptual "Tokamak" reactors, inside of which contaminants are "diverted" along magnetic field lines onto collection surfaces called divertor plates. Approximately 15% of the reactor's thermal power is focused on the divertor plates, creating a need for an effective cooling mechanism. Current extrapolations suggest that divertor plates will need to withstand heat fluxes of more than 10 MW/m2. The cooling mechanism will need to use a coolant compatible with the blanket system; currently helium, and use a minimal fraction of the reactor's available pumping power; ie: will need to experience minimal pressure drops. A leading cooling concept is the Helium Cooled Flat Plate Divertor (HCFP). This thesis experimentally examines four variations of the HCFP. The objectives are to: 1. Experimentally determine the thermal performance of the HCFP with a hexagonal pin-fin array in the gap between the impinging jet and the cooled surface over a range of flow rates and incident heat fluxes; 2. Experimentally measure the pressure drop associated with the hexagonal pin-fin array over a range of flow conditions; 3. Determine and compare the thermal performance of and pressure drop associated with the HCFP for two different slot widths, 0.5 mm and 2 mm over a range of flow rates and incident heat fluxes; 4. Compare the performance of the HCFP with a hexagonal pin-fin array with that of the HCFP with a metal-foam insert and the original HCFP; 5. Provide an experimental data set which can be used to validate numerical models of the HCFP design and its variants. 6. Analytically determine the maximum heat flux which the HCFP can be expected to withstand at theoretical operating conditions in the original and pin-fin array configurations.

6

Johnson, Jeffrey Keith. "Concrete bridge deck behavior under thermal loads". Thesis, Montana State University, 2005. http://etd.lib.montana.edu/etd/2005/johnson/JohnsonJ0805.pdf.

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7

Crosatti, Lorenzo. "Experimental and numerical investigation of the thermal performance of gas-cooled divertor modules". Diss., Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24717.

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Thesis (Ph.D.)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.
Committee Co-Chair: Minami Yoda, Co-Advisor; Committee Co-Chair: Said I. Abdel-Khalik; Committee Member: Donald R. Webster; Committee Member: Narayanan M. Komerath; Committee Member: S. Mostafa Ghiaasiaan; Committee Member: Yogendra Joshi

8

Nicholas, Jack Robert. "Heat transfer for fusion power plant divertors". Thesis, University of Oxford, 2017. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:efedf39b-401b-418f-b510-386a512314a8.

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Exhausting the thermal power from a fusion tokamak is a critical engineering challenge. The life of components designed for these conditions has a strong influence on the availability of the machine. For a fusion power plant this dependence becomes increasingly important, as it will influence the cost of electricity. The most extreme thermal loading for a fusion power plant will occur in the divertor region, where components will be expected to survive heat fluxes in excess of 10 MW/m² over a number of years. This research focussed on the development of a heat sink module for operation under such conditions, drawing on advanced cooling strategies from the aerospace industry. A reference concept was developed using conjugate Computational Fluid Dynamics. The results were experimentally validated by matching Reynolds numbers on a scaled model. Heat transfer data was captured using a transient thermochromic liquid crystal technique. The results showed excellent agreement with the corresponding numerical simulations. To facilitate comparison against other divertor heat sink proposals, a nondimensional figure of merit for cooling performance was developed. When plotted against a non-dimensional mass flow rate, the reference heat sink was shown to have superior cooling performance to all other divertor proposals to date. Results from Finite Element Analysis were used in conjunction with the ITER structural design criteria to life the heat sink. The sensitivity of life to both boundary conditions, and local geometric features, were explored. The reference design was shown to be capable of exceeding the life requirements for heat fluxes in excess of 15 MW/m². A number of heat sinks, based on the reference design, were fabricated. These underwent non-destructive testing, before experimentation in a high-heat flux facility developed by the author. The heat transfer performance of the tested modules was found to exceed that predicted by numerical modelling, which was concluded to be caused by the fabrication processes used.

9

Gayton, Elisabeth Faye. "Experimental and numerical investigation of the thermal performance of the gas-cooled divertor plate concept". Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/26517.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Nuclear Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2009.
Committee Chair: Abdel-Khalik, Said; Committee Co-Chair: Yoda, Minami; Committee Member: Ghiaasiaan, S. Mostafa. Part of the SMARTech Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Collection.

10

Gwon, Hyoseong. "Study on the Transport of High Heat Flux and the Thermal Mechanical Response of Fusion Reactor Divertor". Kyoto University, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/192208.

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Libri sul tema "Heat loads on the divertor":

1

Scragg, D. M. Means of identifying heat loads within a city. London: CHPA, 1987.

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2

Péan, Thibault. Heat Pump Controls to Exploit the Energy Flexibility of Building Thermal Loads. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63429-2.

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3

Denholm, P. Using utility load data to estimate demand for space cooling and potential for shiftable loads. Golden, Colo: National Renewable Energy Laboratory, 2012.

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4

Pressure, Vessels and Piping Conference (1990 Nashville Tenn ). Transient thermal hydraulics and resulting loads on vessel and piping systems, 1990: Presented at the 1990 Pressure Vessels and Piping Conference, Nashville, Tennessee, June 17-21, 1990. New York, N.Y: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1990.

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5

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., a cura di. Development of advanced Navier-Stokes solver. San Jose, CA: MCAT Institute, 1994.

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6

United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., a cura di. Development of advanced Navier-Stokes solver. San Jose, CA: MCAT Institute, 1994.

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7

Handschuh, Robert F. A method for thermal analysis of spiral bevel gears. [Washington, DC]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1994.

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8

R, Halford Gary, McGaw Michael A e United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., a cura di. Prestraining and its influence on subsequent fatigue life. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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9

R, Halford Gary, McGaw Michael A e United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., a cura di. Prestraining and its influence on subsequent fatigue life. [Washington, D.C.]: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1995.

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10

Center, Langley Research, a cura di. Development of metallic thermal protection systems for the reusable launch vehicle. Hampton, Va: National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Langley Research Center, 1996.

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Capitoli di libri sul tema "Heat loads on the divertor":

1

Kim, Do-Hyoung, Kazuyuki Noborio, Yasushi Yamamoto e Satoshi Konishi. "Target Design of High Heat and Particle Load Test Equipment for Development of Divertor Component". In Zero-Carbon Energy Kyoto 2010, 264–70. Tokyo: Springer Japan, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-4-431-53910-0_35.

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2

Lamarche, Louis. "Heat Transfer Fundamentals and Building Loads". In Fundamentals of Geothermal Heat Pump Systems, 15–44. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-32176-4_2.

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3

Alifanov, Oleg M. "Direct Algebraic Method of Determining Transient Heat Loads". In Inverse Heat Transfer Problems, 96–123. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76436-3_5.

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4

Jensen, Scott, J. Clair Batty e David McLain. "Reduction of Parasitic Heat Loads to Cryogenically Cooled Components". In Cryocoolers 9, 773–82. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-5869-9_88.

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5

Trushliakov, Eugeniy, Mykola Radchenko, Tadeush Bohdal, Roman Radchenko e Serhiy Kantor. "An Innovative Air Conditioning System for Changeable Heat Loads". In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 616–25. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-40724-7_63.

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6

Goodall, D. C., T. Utheim e E. Thorbergsen. "Back analysis of heat loads on selected thermal storages". In Storage of Gases in Rock Caverns, 229–36. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9780203738245-30.

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Wagh, Vanita, e A. D. Parekh. "Automobile Air Conditioning Loads Modelling Using Heat Balance Method". In Lecture Notes in Mechanical Engineering, 27–43. Singapore: Springer Nature Singapore, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-7214-0_3.

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Wang, Yajing, Zhimei Wen, Jiapu Yuan e Zhuangzhuang Qu. "A study on the calculation method of building heat loads". In Advances in Civil Engineering and Environmental Engineering, Volume 1, 493–96. London: CRC Press, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003349563-68.

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9

Péan, Thibault. "State of the Art in Heat Pump Controls". In Heat Pump Controls to Exploit the Energy Flexibility of Building Thermal Loads, 23–48. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-63429-2_2.

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10

Krysko, Vadim A., Jan Awrejcewicz, Maxim V. Zhigalov, Valeriy F. Kirichenko e Anton V. Krysko. "Stability of Flexible Shallow Shells Subject to Transversal Loads and Heat Flow". In Advances in Mechanics and Mathematics, 307–30. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-04714-6_5.

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Atti di convegni sul tema "Heat loads on the divertor":

1

Dejarnac, R., M. Komm, D. Tskhakaya, J. P. Gunn e Z. Pekarek. "Detailed heat loads into ITER castellated divertor gaps uring ELMs". In 2009 23rd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering - SOFE. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fusion.2009.5226434.

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2

Gao, Y., M. Jakubowski, P. Drewelow, F. Pisano, A. Puig Sitjes, H. Niemann, A. Ali e M. Rack. "Approaches for quantitative study of divertor heat loads on W7-X". In 2018 Quantitative InfraRed Thermography. QIRT Council, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.21611/qirt.2018.p23.

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3

Mau, T. K., T. B. Kaiser, J. F. Lyon, R. Maingi, A. R. Raffray, X. Wang, L. P. Ku e M. Zarnstorff. "Divertor Heat Loads from Thermal and Alpha Particles in a Compact Stellarator Reactor". In 2007 22nd IEEE/NPSS Symposium on Fusion Engineering. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fusion.2007.4337872.

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4

Malléner, W. "Tungsten Coatings for Divertor Wings". In ITSC2001, a cura di Christopher C. Berndt, Khiam A. Khor e Erich F. Lugscheider. ASM International, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.31399/asm.cp.itsc2001p0055.

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Abstract (sommario):

Abstract For the coating of divertor wings, which in an adapted form may also be suitable for divertor targets, tungsten coatings were developed and optimized with respect to erosion and adhesion behaviour and tested in the Jülich JUDITH facility as well as in the St. Petersburg TSEFEY facility. For the improvement of adhesion, interlayers were developed and used for the coating of mock-ups. In order to achieve a further improvement in adhesion and thus better heat removal, structures were developed for the substrate surfaces. Substrate materials are copper according to DIN 1787 and the Elmedur X copper-chromium-zircon alloy. Differently produced tungsten coatings on mock-up substrates were loaded until failure by means of an electron beam. The area-related thermal loads introduced until failure were measured and correlated with the production parameters.

5

Mau, T. k., H. McGuinness, A. Grossman, A. R. Raffray e D. Steiner. "Exploratory Divertor Heat Load Studies for Compact Stellarator Reactors". In 21st IEEE/NPS Symposium on Fusion Engineering SOFE 05. IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/fusion.2005.252957.

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6

JÕGI, Erkki, Alo ALLIK, Hardi HÕIMOJA, Tõnis PEETS, Heino PIHLAP, Mart HOVI, Eve ARUVEE et al. "INCREASING ELECTRICITY SELF-CONSUMPTION IN RESIDENTIAL BUILDINGS BY ELECTRICITY-TO-HEAT CONVERSION AND STORAGE". In RURAL DEVELOPMENT. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2017.205.

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Abstract (sommario):

The current paper addresses energy storage issues in residential buildings with the objective of increasing direct consumption. The building, connected to an utility grid, is supplied by a micro wind turbine and PV panels. The utility grid itself acts as an energy buffer. Only nonshiftable loads (white goods, TV etc.) and electric water heating are taken into account. The studied configuration comprises two cascaded heating boilers, one of them preheating boiler. The annual electricity production of the micro wind turbine and PV panels is chosen to cover the hot water demand and nonshiftable loads inside the building with 70/30 ratio in favour of the wind energy. During the experiments, the generation graphs’ shaving levels vary between 0 and 100 %, with peak energy diverted into a preheating boiler and the remaining part fed into the main boiler. The proposed solution allows increasing locally consumed energy share, as the energy of stochastic peaks is stored and used on later demand. The locally consumed energy is expressed by the cover factor, its increase possibilities are studied in main text. Calculations are based on 5- minute time series. The applied algorithm follows the amount of heat in the main and preheating boiler, including also incoming and outgoing energies. The cover factor cannot be increased without restrictions. Too high shaving levels bring along problem of removing excess heat from the preheating boiler. The allowed drain loss is taken as 10 % of annual boiler energy balance. The presumed growth of the cover factor at preheating boiler volume of 160 l instead of 80 l is at least 8 %. with the main boiler sized as before.

7

Lumsdaine, A., J. Boscary, E. Clark, K. Ekici, J. Harris, D. McGinnis, J. D. Lore, A. Peacock e J. Tretter. "Wendelstein 7-X high heat-flux divertor scraper element". In 2013 IEEE 25th Symposium on Fusion Engineering (SOFE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sofe.2013.6635357.

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8

Zhou, L., R. Vieira, S. Harrison, D. Karnes e B. Lipschultz. "Heat transfer simulation of Alcator C-Mod Advanced Outer Divertor". In 2013 IEEE 25th Symposium on Fusion Engineering (SOFE). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/sofe.2013.6635493.

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9

Hosea, J. C., R. Perkins, M. A. Jaworski, G. J. Kramer, J. W. Ahn, N. Bertelli, S. Gerhardt et al. "SPIRAL field mapping on NSTX for comparison to divertor RF heat deposition". In RADIOFREQUENCY POWER IN PLASMAS: Proceedings of the 20th Topical Conference. American Institute of Physics, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4864535.

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10

Long, J. B., e J. M. Ochterbeck. "Response of Loop Heat Pipes to Transient Heat Loads". In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-1139.

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Abstract Loop heat pipes currently are being used in the thermal control systems for satellites. To expand possible loop heat pipe applications, information regarding response to transient heat inputs is required. In this investigation, two loop heat pipes with dual compensation chambers were subjected to heat inputs of varying magnitude, frequency, and waveform (square and sinusoidal). The performance of each loop heat pipe under these conditions was evaluated in different gravitational orientations. The upper and lower limits of heat transport also were assessed. A principle finding was that cyclic heat loads tended to aid startup of the loop heat pipes at the low power inputs.

Rapporti di organizzazioni sul tema "Heat loads on the divertor":

1

Popov, Emilian L., Graydon L. Yoder Jr e Seokho H. Kim. RELAP5 MODEL OF THE DIVERTOR PRIMARY HEAT TRANSFER SYSTEM. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), agosto 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1000902.

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2

Johnson, G. SSRL-PEP ring divertor channel entrance thermal stress analysis for new bending magnet loads. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), gennaio 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/7139378.

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3

Rognlien, T., D. Ryutov, M. Makowski, V. Soukhanovskii, M. Umansky, R. Cohen, D. HIll e I. Joseph. Innovative Divertor Development to Solve the Plasma Heat-Flux Problem. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), febbraio 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/948969.

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4

Munk, Jeffrey D., Roderick K. Jackson, Adewale Odukomaiya e Anthony C. Gehl. Residential Variable-Capacity Heat Pumps Sized to Heating Loads. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), gennaio 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1185392.

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5

Yoder Jr, Graydon L., Karen Harvey e Juan J. Ferrada. Thermal Analysis of the Divertor Primary Heat Transfer System Piping During the Gas Baking Process. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), febbraio 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1004961.

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6

Oka, Jude, Timothy Stone, Margaret Root e Jacob Riglin. Thermal Evaluation of the SAVY-4000 1 Quart Container at High Heat Loads. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), aprile 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1779655.

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7

Widder, Sarah H., Cheryn E. Metzger, Joseph M. Petersen e Joshua A. McIntosh. Interaction between Heat Pump Water Heaters or Other Internal Point Source Loads and a Central Heating System. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), agosto 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1485308.

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8

Puttagunta, Srikanth, e Carl Shapiro. An In-Depth Look at Ground Source Heat Pumps and Other Electric Loads in Two GreenMax Homes. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), aprile 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1219610.

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9

Karagiozis, A. N. Researching Complex Heat, Air and Moisture Interactions for a Wide-Range of Building Envelope Systems and Environmental Loads. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), maggio 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/940250.

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10

Cunningham, R., J. D. Bernardin e J. Simon-Gillo. An experimental investigation of an air cooling scheme for removing environmentally imposed heat loads from the multiplicity and vertex detector`s main enclosure. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), novembre 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/564191.

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