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Longan, Mitchell. "A System Out of Balance: A Critical Analysis of Philosophical Justifications for Copyright Law Through the Lenz of Users' Rights". University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, n. 56.3 (2023): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.36646/mjlr.56.3.system.
Abstract (sommario):
Ultimately, this Article has three goals. The first is to offer an analysis of users’ rights under copyright law from four commonly used theoretical perspectives. These are labor, personality, economic and utilitarian theories. In doing so, this Article will demonstrate that the philosophies that underpin modern copyright law support a broad and liberal set of rights for derivative creativity. It will argue that current treatment of derivative works is unnecessarily conservative from a theoretical perspective. Second, this Article will demonstrate how, in spite of theory that supports a healthy community of derivative creativity, those who practice it have been further disenfranchised by the law. It will argue term limit extensions, increased protectionist treatment of secondary works online, and the functional lack of access to proper licensing mechanisms have rendered users’ rights impotent. Finally, in conclusion, this Article will offer a solution to the apparent imbalance of power in the form of replacing property-based derivative rights with liability rules. The conclusion, in many ways, merits its own paper and is meant as merely a suggestion of direction rather than a formulated solution.
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khan, Dr Rais Abdul Hamid. "E-Health Care System". INTERANTIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN ENGINEERING AND MANAGEMENT 08, n. 05 (9 maggio 2024): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem33118.
Abstract (sommario):
Within the Admin module, healthcare facility administrators have robust tools at their disposal to manage users, including doctors, staff, and patients. They can effortlessly organize departments and allocate doctors and staff members accordingly, ensuring a streamlined workflow. Additionally, administrators can efficiently oversee doctor appointments, maintain financial records through transaction reports, and monitor lab reports, guaranteeing the accuracy and timeliness of crucial medical information. The Patient module empowers individuals to actively engage with their healthcare services. Patients can seamlessly access their appointment schedules, check the availability and status of their appointed doctors, and book or modify appointments as needed. Furthermore, they can review their prescription history, ensuring they adhere to their recommended treatments, and manage their personal profiles for comprehensive healthcare management. Key Words: — User management ,Doctor allocation Department ,organization Workflow optimization, Appointment scheduling
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Putra, Moody Rizqy Syailendra, Pascal Amadeo Yapputro, Maulida Syahrin Najmi e Eriyan Rahmadani Dianova. "Protection of Personal Data of BPJS Health Users against Data Leakage". International Journal of Law and Politics Studies 4, n. 2 (26 novembre 2022): 98–108. http://dx.doi.org/10.32996/ijlps.2022.4.2.11.
Abstract (sommario):
The development of information and communication technology (from now on referred to as ICT) represents changes in human society from time to time. Data leakage is one of the challenges in this development. As a pioneer in implementing public service institutions, the government is challenged to tackle data leakage cases. This study aims to determine the legal relationship between BPJS health and users related to data leakage and mechanisms and to compare various personal data protections in countries with Common Law and Civil Law systems. This study uses qualitative data with a normative juridical method or approach. This study concludes that the public can sue BPJS with administrative efforts to the State Administrative Court, the Prosecutor acts on Personal Data Protection, and the results of the comparison of Personal Data Protection in 2 central legal systems.
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Anshari, Muhammad, Mohammad Nabil Almunawar, Mustafa Z. Younis e Adnan Kisa. "Modeling Users’ Empowerment in E-Health Systems". Sustainability 13, n. 23 (24 novembre 2021): 12993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su132312993.
Abstract (sommario):
In conventional e-health initiatives, customers (patients) are mostly perceived as recipients of medical care, where they play little roles in the process of health decision making. Empowerment in e-health enables individuals to access their health data and consult online with medical staff. The proposed concept is intended to improve the existing e-health theory in relation to patient empowerment. The study suggests a model that expands the role of customers (patient) in three dimensions: as an individual health actor, social health agent, and medical partner. This study is theoretically significant because it explores a comprehensive approach of patient empowerment in e-health systems to achieve best practice customer service, establish long-term customer relationships to improve customer satisfaction, and achieve better health literacy of individuals.
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Osborne, Geraint B., e Curtis Fogel. "Perspectives on Cannabis Legalization Among Canadian Recreational Users". Contemporary Drug Problems 44, n. 1 (12 ottobre 2016): 12–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0091450916670393.
Abstract (sommario):
This article examines the perspectives of a select group of 41 adult Canadian cannabis users on the decriminalization and legalization of cannabis. The research departs from previous research on cannabis use by focusing on employed adults working in a variety of occupations, including white-collar professionals and graduate students, who use cannabis for nonmedical, recreational purposes. Drawing on in-depth interview data, we explore their perspectives on Canadian law and legal policy and on the possible impact of cannabis reform policies on their own cannabis consumption. Overall, the vast majority of interview participants strongly favored the legalization of cannabis use for the following reasons: (a) prohibition is unjust, (b) economic benefits, (c) reducing violent crime associated with the drug trade, (d) reducing the cost of the criminal justice system, (e) increased safety, and (f) reducing the stigma associated with cannabis use. We conclude by discussing the implications of our research for the literature on cannabis normalization and drug policy reform.
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Biella, Carla, Viviane Pereira, Fabiana Raynal, Jorge Barreto, Vania Canuto e Clarice Petramale. "PP155 The Impact Of Lawsuits In The Brazilian Public Health System". International Journal of Technology Assessment in Health Care 33, S1 (2017): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026646231700294x.
Abstract (sommario):
INTRODUCTION:The increase of litigation in Brazil on the right to health, and the Brazilian Public Health System (SUS) targets of litigation, are phenomena that generate discussions both in the judiciary, and among researchers and managers of health. The lawsuits are based on the integrality that includes the right to any health technology. Our aim was to gather information on the use of scientific evidence by judges and other law professionals to support their decisions in lawsuits involving health care in Brazil.METHODS:A narrative review by literature search using key terms of legalization in specific databases was conducted.RESULTS:Twenty-five studies showed litigation matters relating to health care which were focused on legal claims about drugs. In general, law operators used the scientific evidences in a limited way when making decisions, by considering the medical report and medication label indications and disregarding therapeutic alternatives contemplated in the SUS list. The access to health technologies, by litigation, reveals that the gap between scientific knowledge and legal practice are similar to those found between science and decision-making in the formulation and implementation of health policies. The Health Technology Assessment studies have high potential for use by the judiciary as a reference source to support technical and scientific decisions in lawsuits on health care.CONCLUSIONS:For the judiciary to ensure not only access to health technologies, but also the efficacy and safety of technologies to system users, their decisions must be substantiated by scientific evidence. The National Committee for Health Technology Incorporation (CONITEC) in SUS has established actions in conjunction with law operators and society, such as a communication using e-mail, aiding the decision for the injunction and elaboration of technical reports and a policy brief, with the intention that the decisions are taken with the greatest possible knowledge about technologies provided by SUS, and based on scientific evidence.
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Kirill, Evsikov. "Legal protection of human life and health in the process of using artificial intelligence". Gosudarstvo i pravo, n. 4 (2023): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s102694520020506-7.
Abstract (sommario):
The Russian Federation, within the framework of the experimental legal regime, has begun testing automated vehicles controlled by artificial intelligence systems in real conditions. Self-driving cars have become full-fledged road users in Moscow. In special legal regimes created for the operation of artificial intelligence systems, some federal laws and by-laws do not apply, which reduces the legal guarantees of human rights. The article considers the situation when this poses a threat to the right to life and human health. During operation of a source of increased danger, the developer and the user are based on the likelihood of harm to the third parties. Similar situations will occur with automated vehicles. This means that an unmanned vehicle will have to make decisions on whom to hit. The ethical and legal dilemma when artificial intelligence chooses a person, whom it will harm, is not resolved in the domestic law. There is no doubt that such issues should be reflected in the machine code of any information system. To do this, the actions of the creator of artificial intelligence systems should be regulated by law. The author proposes a classification of artificial intelligence systems, which will create three models of legal regulation: systems regulated by “soft” law, systems regulated by machine-readable law, systems on the use of which a temporary moratorium has been introduced. The implementation of these proposals will contribute to the protection of human life and health in the process of using artificial intelligence without a negative effect on the development of digital technology.
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Dong, Tao. "Design Consideration of a Health-Information-Technology-Supported Intelligent Urinalysis System". Advanced Materials Research 989-994 (luglio 2014): 1077–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.989-994.1077.
Abstract (sommario):
Urinalysis is not only widely employed in medical diagnosis but also suitable for household daily monitoring of personal health conditions. However, current urinalysis methods and instruments require more professional knowledge, while the sampling and treatment of urine samples are manual and inconvenient. In this work, a new-concept automatic urinalysis system is proposed to provide personal urinalysis services for home users. The system forms an eco-friendly intelligent toilet, which is of great significances in the future healthcare network. The basic strategy is to design a fixed supporting platform and various disposable urinalysis lab-on-chips with great expansibility and high flexibility. The intelligent device has multiple functions of automatic urine sampling, rapid on-chip detecting, auto-decontaminating and personalized health information technology (HIT) supporting, thus to provide a low-cost solution of automatic urinalysis services for both inpatients in hospitals and home-users. The structure of the urinalysis system logically resembles the frame with fixed smart cellphones and various mobile application programs. Besides, a biological lighting module is also designed to harvest the energy in wasted urine by continuous culturing vibrio fischeri, a luminescent bacterium. The integrated urinalysis system could create the possibility of remote medical services for home users, and meanwhile generates a new branch in the field of microsystem, which is entitled as ‘HIT-oriented lab-on-chips’.
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Barberi, Daniela, e Faye S. Taxman. "Diversion and Alternatives to Arrest: A Qualitative Understanding of Police and Substance Users’ Perspective". Journal of Drug Issues 49, n. 4 (13 luglio 2019): 703–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022042619861273.
Abstract (sommario):
Diversion to treatment is not a new concept in the criminal justice system. Successful strategies require the participation of both law enforcement officers and individuals with a substance use disorder (SUD). This study relies on interviews and focus groups to explore the perceptions and attitudes of these two different populations about non-arrest programs. From the police perspective, the study found that the biggest barrier to using alternatives is the police culture, while championship by leadership and collaborations with community stakeholders facilitate opportunities for using non-arrest options. Clients with SUDs had positive attitudes about non-arrest programs, but negative perspectives about the justice system and the police overall. Policy implications for future efforts are highlighted, particularly as efforts increase to expand the use of non-arrest options including diversion programs.
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Nourbakhshrezaei, Amirhossein, Mojgan Jadidi e Gunho Sohn. "Improving Cyclists’ Safety Using Intelligent Situational Awareness System". Sustainability 15, n. 4 (4 febbraio 2023): 2866. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15042866.
Abstract (sommario):
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), over 1.35 million people died in road traffic-related accidents worldwide in 2020 of which 41,000 are related to the cyclists. Bike safety is one of the most serious issues facing urban riders. According to Statistics Canada, this number represents 1654 cyclist deaths in Canada, an average of 74 deaths each year from 2006 to 2017. Cyclists are a critical component in traffic collisions, where they face a greater risk of serious injury or death. As a result, they are classified as vulnerable road users. To avoid this, the need for intelligent transportation systems (ITSs) that increase susceptible cyclists’ awareness of their surroundings is becoming apparent. As a result, we proposed a situational awareness system as part of ITS to enhance bike safety through the employment of three layers of applications: (1) the users tier (mobile application), (2) the virtual private server (VPS) and processing system, and (3) the database management system (DMS). These decision support systems (DSSs) improve vulnerable road users’ situational awareness by identifying high-risk regions for cyclists or motorcyclists using static and dynamic data and then notifying vulnerable road users. The suggested situational awareness system collects and integrates incoming data, prioritizes criteria, and notifies users based on a static hot-spot map produced from accident locations and dynamic data, such as traffic flow, weather conditions, and the user’s speed. The developed work made use of both single threading (for requests from less than 1000 users) and multi-threading (for requests from more than 1000 users), resulting in a highly scalable system based on an open source platform for higher numbers of requests.
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Bäckström, B. "Migrants and Health in Portugal". Health, Culture and Society 7, n. 1 (15 dicembre 2014): 80–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/hcs.2014.160.
Abstract (sommario):
The aim of this research is to atain knowledge on immigrant´s health related problems and to identify their dificulties when acesing health care services. The article describes immigrant´s dificulties when acesing health care services that are visiting the health ofice at a National Immigrant Support Centre.Design: : A qualitative study was conducted, analysing available documentation and observing the health isues dealt with at the National Immigrant Support Centre’s (CNAI) Health Ofice. The 148 cases are mainly immigrants coming from Portuguese speaking African countries for health purposes. Immigrants from Brazil have more restricted aces, and feel discrimination on the part of the services. Immigrants from Eastern Europe come in search of information and have communication dificulties. Obstacles are related to the lack of knowledge of the law, but also to the failure of puting the law into practice. The ofice has had a great demand of users seeking information and in acesingthe health care system.Results: The cases analysed are mainly nationals from Portuguese Speaking African Countries (PSAC), Brazil and countries in Eastern Europe. The majority of the immigrants coming from PSAC are patients receiving treatment under international Cooperation Agreements requesting financial and social support. Immigrants from Brazil have more restricted aces and feel greater discrimination on the part of the services. New Labour Migrants from Eastern Europe, on the other hand, come in search of information and are known to have communication dificulties.Conclusions: Legislation in Portugal provides aces to health care to al citizens, regardles of their legal condition and origin. However, some immigrants have had significant dificulties with aces to Portugal’s National Health Service. The obstacles are not only related to the lack of legal knowledge, but also to the failure of puting the law into practice, which requires atention by the institutionresponsible for efective and comprehensive coordination. The ofice has had a great demand of users seeking information, who, above al, wish to solve their problems and dificulties in acesing the health care system.
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Afrilies, Marlia Hafny, e Yuris Tri Naili. "Legal Aspects of Telemedicine Health Services in the Perspective of Health Law in Indonesia in the Digital Era". Journal of Advanced Health Informatics Research 1, n. 1 (21 febbraio 2023): 41–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.59247/jahir.v1i1.23.
Abstract (sommario):
Information Technology that develops rapidly over time has brought significant influence on the way of communicating and the activities of society globally. The health sector is no exception, and the peak is during the Covid-19 pandemic which greatly affects community interactions both individually and with health workers. One of the ways health workers respond to the pandemic period is by utilizing the information technology system optimally to improve the quality of medical services so that people continue to get health services as they should. This article will discuss the development of rules for telemedicine health services in health law in Indonesia, and the extent to which they provide legal protection for health service users and health workers as health care providers. The research method used in this study, namely Normative Juridical Research, is a legal research method carried out by examining library materials or secondary materials. The result of the discussion is legal obligations, which are strengthened by legal sanctions, aiming to realize legal certainty. However, this legal certainty should also consider the expediency of the law so that the law does not only provide legal certainty, but also provides legal benefits, namely the equitable distribution of quality health services to remote parts of the Indonesian state
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Karo Karo, Rizky, e Debora Pasaribu. "LEGAL ASPECT OF CONSULTATION WITH DOCTOR VIA ONLINE SYSTEM IN INDONESIA". Tadulako Master Law Journal 2, n. 2 (30 giugno 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/j25797697.2018.v2.i2.10404.
Abstract (sommario):
Development of technology, communications and the internet make people life easier and faster. Online systems provide changes to buy foods & goods, reserve online transportation even to get consultation with doctor. This research aims to examine the legal aspects of online consultation between doctor and patient or users, about the limitations that can be given in the consultation. The method used is the normative juridical method, using secondary data in the form of books, journals, articles and related regulations and data analysis techniques used are qualitative descriptive. The results of the study: (1). People can consult & communicate with doctors through the online medium by providing true information about their disease history, use of certain drugs and doctors would give the opinions according to the patient's information and the code of ethics; (2). The consultation of doctors through online media obeyed to the Law on Technology & Information, the Health Act, the Medical Practice Act, Consumer Protection Act.Key words: doctor, online consultation, patient, law on techology and informationKey words: doctor, online consultation, patient, law on techology and information
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Habibi, Miftakhur Rokhman, e Isnatul Liviani. "Kejahatan Teknologi Informasi (Cyber Crime) dan Penanggulangannya dalam Sistem Hukum Indonesia". Al-Qanun: Jurnal Pemikiran dan Pembaharuan Hukum Islam 23, n. 2 (19 dicembre 2020): 400–426. http://dx.doi.org/10.15642/alqanun.2020.23.2.400-426.
Abstract (sommario):
This article aims to let us learn more about cyber crime. This is due to the weakness of cyberspace can become a global disaster that threatens the business sector, national and global security, behavior, child protection, and government systems. The results showed that the public is currently still misusing social media to spread crime in cyberspace. Most of the perpetrators of cybercrime on social media will be caught by Law No.11 of 2008 concerning Electronic Information and Transactions (UU ITE), whether intentional or unintentional. The law should provide protection for internet users with good intentions, and provide firm action for perpetrators of cyber crime. However, the legal system has not solved all computer crimes over the Internet. Likewise in the investigation, there were many obstacles related to legal instruments, the ability of investigators, evidence, and computer forensic facilities. This is why cyber crime law enforcement is still weak.
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Di Costanzo, Caterina. "Healthcare Resource Allocation and Priority-setting. A European Challenge". European Journal of Health Law 27, n. 2 (2 marzo 2020): 93–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718093-12271448.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract The right to health, as a right to healthcare, represents the most expensive social right in Europe, significantly affecting the total budget of the Member States, both in universal and insurance healthcare systems. No healthcare system provides unlimited healthcare resources to all its users. The resources available for healthcare are limited compared with demand, and all healthcare systems, regardless of their financing and organisation, employ mechanisms to prioritise finite healthcare resources. The progressive increase in healthcare costs in a context of scarce resources, worsened by the fiscal crisis of the 1990s and economic crises spreading in Europe since 2007, has highlighted the ever more urgent need to address the fundamental issues of resource allocation and priority-setting at both European and national levels. Hence, priority-setting is arguably one of the most important health policy issues of our time at global, European and national levels.
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Hall, Wayne, e Louisa Degenhardt. "The Australian Illicit Drug Reporting System: Monitoring Trends in Illicit Drug Availability, Use and Drug-Related Harm in Australia 1996–2006". Contemporary Drug Problems 36, n. 3-4 (settembre 2009): 643–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009145090903600317.
Abstract (sommario):
We describe trends in illicit drug use revealed by the Australian Illicit Drug Reporting System (IDRS) between 1996 and 2006. We begin by briefly outlining the rationale, development, and testing of the IDRS, which integrates information from: interviews with a sentinel population of injecting drug users (IDU); key experts in health and law enforcement; and indicators that include information on drug purity and price, plus indicators of drug-related harm, such as fatal and nonfatal overdoses. These sources of information are critically discussed at annual meetings of researchers, policy makers and practitioners in the field. We describe what the IDRS has revealed about the use of heroin, cocaine, methamphetamines, and injected pharmaceutical preparations (opioids and benzodiazepines) over the period 1996–2006. We also illustrate how IDRS data can be combined with pharmaceutical prescription data to evaluate the effectiveness of policies designed to reduce benzodiazepine injecting. We also very briefly describe recent experience with monitoring trends on “dance party” drug use that extends the methods of IDRS by combining data from interviews with party drug users, key experts, and leading indicators of drug use.
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Jaya, Candra, e Faidatul Hikmah. "Legal Reform on Rehabilitation for Drug Users as an Ultimum Remedium Effort". JURNAL USM LAW REVIEW 7, n. 1 (20 aprile 2024): 364. http://dx.doi.org/10.26623/julr.v7i1.8803.
Abstract (sommario):
<p>This study explores Indonesia's legal approach to narcotics rehabilitation under Law Number 35 of 2009, focusing on a shift from punitive measures to a public health framework. Article 54 mandates both medical and narcotics rehabilitation for addicts, emphasizing a commitment to breaking the cycle of dependency. Through analyzing legal provisions, Supreme Court circulars, and joint regulations, this research highlights a three-stage rehabilitation process: medical, non-medical, and aftercare phases. Emphasizing rehabilitation over punishment, insights align with the ultimum remedium principle, advocating for alternative policies. Results reveal a progressive legal landscape recognizing narcotics users as individuals in need of treatment. Supreme Court circulars and joint regulations aim to address challenges, emphasizing the importance of collaboration between legal, health, and social entities for an effective narcotics rehabilitation system in Indonesia. This legal mandate signifies a pivotal shift towards a holistic, public health-oriented response to narcotics offenses, reflecting an acknowledgment of addiction's multifaceted nature. Ongoing collaboration is crucial for successfully integrating rehabilitation into the legal framework, ensuring a compassionate and effective response to narcotics-related issues.</p>
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Jørgensen, Kim, Kate Andreasson, Tonie Rasmussen, Morten Hansen e Bengt Karlsson. "Recovery-Oriented Cross-Sectoral Network Meetings between Mental Health Hospital Professionals and Community Mental Health Professionals: A Critical Discourse Analysis". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n. 6 (9 marzo 2022): 3217. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063217.
Abstract (sommario):
Aims and objectives: In the medical field, we lack knowledge on how interprofessional collaboration across sectors is carried out. This paper explores how healthcare professionals and users perceive recovery-oriented cross-sectoral discharge network meetings between mental health hospital professionals and community mental health professionals and which discourses manifest themselves within the field of mental healthcare. Method: Ten professionals from a mental health hospital and eight community mental health professionals participated. In addition, five users with experience in mental health services in both sectors participated. Fairclough’s discourse analysis framework was used to explore their experiences. The study was designed following the ethical principles of the Helsinki Declaration and Danish law. Each study participant in the two intersectoral sectors gave their informed consent after verbal and written information was provided. The Consolidated Criteria for Reporting Qualitative Research checklist was used as a guideline to secure accurate and complete reporting of the study). Results: The healthcare professionals in both sectors are governed by steering tools, legislation and a strong biomedical tradition to solve illness-related problems, such that users must be offered treatment and support to achieve self-care as soon as possible. This can be seen as a reflection of, and a driving force in, a change in the wider social practice that Fairclough terms the ‘marketisation of discourse’—a social development in late modernity, whereby market discourse colonises the discursive practices of public institutions. The user of psychiatric and social services experiences a structured system that does not offer the necessary time for deep conversations. Users do not consider recovery as something that is only seen in relation to the efforts of the professionals, as recovery largely takes place independently of professionals. Recovery depends on users’ internal resources and a strong network that can support them on the journey. Conclusion: Healthcare professionals perceive recovery-oriented cross-sectoral discharge network meetings to reflect paternalistic and biomedical discourses. Users want to be seen more as whole persons and did not experience sufficient involvement in the intersectoral care. Relevance to clinical practice: Healthcare professionals need to be supported to seek clarity in the understanding and operationalisation of a recovery-oriented approach, if the agenda is to be truly adopted and strengthened.
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Njoto, Harsono. "The Forms of Legal Protection of Patient Medical Records in Online Health Services". International Journal of Law Reconstruction 7, n. 2 (23 settembre 2023): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/ijlr.v7i2.33462.
Abstract (sommario):
Health services online should have special regulations, the goal is that online consultations on medical records must be protected by law for the protection of doctors, system administrators, and patients. The purpose of this research is to analyze the Legal Basis for the Implementation of Online Health Services, Forms of Legal Protection of Patients against Online Health Services and Patient Rights as Users of Online Health Services & Responsibilities of Online Health Service Providers in Aspects that Harm Patients. The methodology uses normative juridical with a legal and conceptual approach. Health services performed by doctors online must comply with the Information and Electronic Transaction Law, the Health Law, and the Medical Practice Law and related regulations. The confidentiality of patient data must be maintained and must maintain data security to avoid data leakage which will be misused by people who do not have rights. The patient must provide the correct complaint so that the doctor can give the right advice. Patients have the right to choose a doctor who has the ability and expertise and the right to receive clear information regarding their health. If there is no meeting point on the existing problems, a lawsuit can be filed in court.
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Ramanathan, Tara, Cason Schmit, Akshara Menon e Chanelle Fox. "The Role of Law in Supporting Secondary Uses of Electronic Health Information". Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 43, S1 (2015): 48–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jlme.12215.
Abstract (sommario):
For decades, health information has been collected and shared for health care delivery and public health purposes. While the “primary use” of patient data for providing direct health care services is the cornerstone of health care practice, health departments rely on data sharing for research and analysis to support disease prevention and health promotion in the population. As the U.S. health system undergoes a digital revolution, health information that was previously captured in paper form now can be captured electronically. Electronic health information (EHI) has transformed the efficiency, capacity, and functions of the U.S. health system. For this reason, there is increased attention to the “secondary use” of electronic patient data for public health uses, including disease reporting and investigation, syndromic surveillance, and patient-specific or population-level communications about health conditions and their associated risk factors. Secondary uses may also encompass clinical research, licensure, and payment for services.
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Butar Butar, Herry Fernandes, e Imaduddin Hamzah. "RELATIONS OF IMPROVEMENT OF DRUG USERS AND THE AVAILABILITY OF MEDICAL PERSONS WITH HIV / AIDS IN Correctional Institutions". Journal of Correctional Issues 2, n. 1 (25 marzo 2019): 31–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.52472/jci.v2i1.21.
Abstract (sommario):
The change of health paradigm on the world causing policy’s transformation and public concern regarding enhancement on Indonesian health rate rating. Medical problem happens in every line of social life, especially at Correctional Institutions and Correctional Detention Center as the place for criminals. Narcotics as one of the biggest problems in Correctional Sub-organizations are still one of the biggest contributors on overcrowded prison situations. This research intends to describe correlation between drug users and prisoners with HIV in prison. Methods being used are statistic correlative with qualitative approach which data obtained from Correctional Database System. Those data are narcotics users and prisoners with HIV in Correctional Suborganizations at 33 Ministry of Law and Human Rights Region Office. It can be concluded that the correlation between two variables is moderate relation.
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Petrović-Tomić, Nataša. "Supplementary health insurance as a contribution to development of a sustainable healthcare system in the Republic of Serbia". Tokovi osiguranja 40, n. 1 (2024): 7–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/tokosig2401007p.
Abstract (sommario):
Law on Health Insurance regulates three types of voluntary health insurance - complementary, supplementary and private health insurance. These are promising insurance products and the author selected supplementary health insurance. What is the potential of this type of cover? What are conditions for its development? Are the institutional prerequisites for creating a sustainable healthcare system fulfilled in our legislation? After analyzing the relationship between supplementary and voluntary health insurance, the author singles out the health literacy of citizens, potential service users as a prevailing factor in the current regulatory framework. By promoting supplementary health insurance as a product directly linked to compulsory health insurance a message is being sent that the healthcare cost risk in one part of compulsory healthcare can be transferred to insurers offering voluntary health insurance. Author proves that this encourages the inclusion of private insurers in financing the costs of compulsory healthcare, thus achieving cooperation between the private and state sectors with the aim of sustainable development of the healthcare system.
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Sumariya, Shrey, Shreyas Rami Rami, Shubham Revadekar, Vidhan Shah e Sudhir Bagul. "Hospital Recommender System". BOHR International Journal of Internet of things, Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning 1, n. 1 (2022): 99–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.54646/bijiam.016.
Abstract (sommario):
Elderly patients require more medical effort. It is clear that early-stage disease diagnosis can support timely and appropriate treatment. But if you don’t pay attention in a timely manner, it can lead to different kinds of health problems that can lead to death. Take advantage of our recommendation system to recommend hospitals. A recommender system uses algorithms to provide product or service recommendations to users. By combining blockchain technology and machine learning models, we provide users with highly accurate recommendations. This whitepaper describes how sophisticated machine learning models and blockchain can be connected to improve recommendations, providing hospitals with higher performance and more accurate recommendations. An optimized model for recommending hospitals in a better manner is the main goal behind this paper.
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Schneider, Anne L. "A Comparative Analysis of Juvenile Court Responses to Drug and Alcohol Offenses". Crime & Delinquency 34, n. 1 (gennaio 1988): 103–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128788034001006.
Abstract (sommario):
The traditional rehabilitation-oriented juvenile justice system handled drug and alcohol users with greater leniency than persons involved in any other kind of offense, including other status offenses. Shifts toward an accountability, “justice” orientation, such as that which occurred in Washington State, however, may be accompanied by increased sanctions for juveniles who commit these or other kinds of “victimless” offenses. I discuss pros and cons of three policy alternatives: continuing with the current system in which drug and alcohol use are categorized as misdemeanors, diverstiture of court jurisdiction, or diversion into the mental health system.
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Li, Shugang, Kexin Peng, Boyi Zhu, Ziyi Li, Beiyan Zhang, Hui Chen e Ruoxuan Li. "Research on Users’ Privacy-Sharing Intentions in the Health Data Tracking System Providing Personalized Services and Public Services". Sustainability 15, n. 22 (7 novembre 2023): 15709. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su152215709.
Abstract (sommario):
The utilization of user privacy data in the health data tracking system (HDTS) offers numerous benefits for businesses and public services, contingent upon users’ privacy sharing intentions. However, previous research neglected users’ preferences for public services and focused mainly on personalized services. Additionally, traditional privacy calculus theory has a limited focus on data security, leaving gaps in understanding individual and societal aspects. This study aims to fill these gaps by examining the influence of risk perception and factors like potential loss expectations, perceived personalized service benefits, group value identification, perceived public service utility, and perceived privacy on privacy sharing intentions in the context of personalized and public services. The results indicate a positive relationship between individual privacy protection perception and data sharing intention, as well as a positive relationship between group value identification and perceived public service utility with individuals’ privacy sharing intentions. Moreover, this research uncovers the moderating effect of information type sensitivity on the impact of perceived privacy and perceived public service utility on privacy sharing intentions, while there is no moderating effect of information type sensitivity on the relationship between group value identification and privacy sharing intentions. We recommend improving individual privacy education, ensuring data use transparency, and fostering identification with common group values to increase users’ privacy sharing intentions.
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Smith, Carol. "Trust and confidence". Social Work and Social Sciences Review 11, n. 3 (26 dicembre 2012): 5–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1921/swssr.v11i3.441.
Abstract (sommario):
Social work is often seen as a technical activity based on systems of specialist knowledge and evidence of ‘what works’, particular role expectations, regulatory frameworks and law. Although systems have no moral agency, individual encounters between social workers and service users are morally charged insofar as they impact directly on service users’ wellbeing. This paper argues that the ‘modernisation’ agenda in social care privileges confidence in systems over trust in moral agents. Relying on confidence neglects the role of trust and moral competence in human affairs and has significant consequences for service users and the nature of social work.
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Rojas-Ocaña, María Jesús, Miriam Araujo-Hernández, Rocío Romero-Castillo, Silvia San Román-Mata e E. Begoña García-Navarro. "Nursing as a Sustainability Factor of the Health System during the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Qualitative Study". Sustainability 12, n. 19 (1 ottobre 2020): 8099. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12198099.
Abstract (sommario):
Earlier this year, Spain took center stage in the emerging health crisis due to the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. On 14 March 2020, a state of alarm was declared to manage this health crisis. The contribution of nursing professionals to sustainability of the system during this health crisis has been vital, not only in specialized care but, in a more understated way, in primary care. The objective of the present study was to describe the perceptions and lived experiences of primary care nurses during the COVID-19 health emergency. A qualitative study taking a phenomenological approach was carried out, triangulating data collected through non-participant observations, eight in-depth interviews, and two discussion groups with community nurses and case managers. A total sample of 20 key informants was obtained during the month of May, 2020. The key informants expressed strong positive perceptions of the recognition received from service users and satisfaction when acknowledging that they have been an important source of emotional support. Informants identify the importance of their work in sustaining the system, particularly outlining team cohesion and communication, whilst also evaluating the empowering position in which service users and society itself has put them.
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Mann, Steve. "Wearables and Sur(over)-Veillance, Sous(under)-Veillance, Co(So)-Veillance, and MetaVeillance (Veillance of Veillance) for Health and Well-Being". Surveillance & Society 18, n. 2 (16 giugno 2020): 262–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.24908/ss.v18i2.13937.
Abstract (sommario):
At the University of Toronto, we’re embarking on a bold new initiative to bring together these four disciplines: law, business, engineering, and medicine, through what we call “sousveillant systems”—grassroots systems of “bottom up” facilitation of cross-, trans-, inter-, meta-, and anti-disciplinarity, or, more importantly, cross-, trans-, and inter-passionary efforts. Passion is a better master than discipline (to paraphrase Albert Einstein’s “Love is a better master than duty”). Our aim is not to eliminate “big science,” “big data,” and “big watching” (surveillance), but to complement these things with a balancing force. There will still be “ladder climbers,” but we aim to balance these entities and individuals with those who embody the “integrity of authenticity” and to provide a complete picture that is otherwise a half-truth when only the “big” end is present. This generalizes the notion of “open source,” where each instance of a system (e.g., computer operating system) contains or can contain its own seeds (e.g., source code). Sousveillant systems are an alternative to the otherwise sterile world of closed-source, specialist silos that are not auditable by end-users (i.e., are only auditable by authorities from “above”).
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Liu, Chia-Hui, e Jih-Fu Tu. "Development of an IoT-Based Health Promotion System for Seniors". Sustainability 12, n. 21 (28 ottobre 2020): 8946. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12218946.
Abstract (sommario):
With a reducing fertility rate and the increase in life expectancy in Taiwan, the changing structure of the population has pushed Taiwan into an aged society. The demand for elderly care environments is rapidly increasing. However, to prevent an illness for the elderly is better than to treat it. Monitoring of an individual’s health is required as a periodic activity. Using wireless technology combined with physiological measurement techniques and home care equipment can assist elderly individuals to promote health and the health care service at home. In this research, a wireless sensor network has been adopted to develop context aware health promotion for an elderly-care system. The system is divided into three subsystems: the IoT-based physiological information subsystem, the context awareness-based service subsystem, and the elderly nutrition diet and health promotion subsystem. In this system, users also can select an Aging Diet Module or an Aging Exercise Module in our app. After the user selects the Aging Diet Module, the system will record and give suggestions. Moreover, the system can integrate long-term elderly diet and exercise records, and then, assist elderly to complete personal nutrition assessment and health management. The research goal is to construct a health promotion system utilizing IoT technology. In this paper, the system’s functions and implementation approaches are introduced.
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K.Nishanthan, S.Mathyvathana, R.Priyanthi, A.Thusara, D.I. De Silva e Dulanji Cooray. "The Hospital Management System". International Journal of Engineering and Management Research 12, n. 5 (31 ottobre 2022): 135–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31033/ijemr.12.5.17.
Abstract (sommario):
The hospital's management system includes improved profitability, improved administration, and better patient care. The goal of this study is to create a digital management system that will boost the hospital's effectiveness and systems integration standards. It was able to produce a module that would provide some facilities, like booking doctors, booking lab test slots, pharmacy services, and getting health programs. This system consists of an admin handling part, which means admin can manage users, pharmacy systems, health program management, and manage booking of doctor's appointments and lab tests. And through this system, the admin can generate multiple reports according to his needs[7]. A module that would manage the admission bills and pharmaceutical payments; and a module that could monitor the medicine inventory of the hospital pharmacy. Problem statement because hospitals are associated with ordinary people's lives and daily routines the manual handling of the record is time-consuming and highly prone to error. The purpose of this project is to automate, or make online, the process of day-to-day activities. Each phase guided the researchers in the development of the study and helped them organize the workflow of each task. In conclusion, the researchers found that the system could speed up the working progress and productivity of hospital employees. It could also generate hospital reports that could help the users to provide an overview of the hospital transaction within specific date. It also provided the facility for searching for the details of the inquiring patient in the receptionist module. The system could reduce the workloads in the hospital, resulting in better management and working performance. In general, the study resulted in a better improvement of hospital transactions. It has been recommended that there is a need to enhance the frontend design of the system.
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Auger, Claudine, Cassioppée Guay, Alex Pysklywec, Nathalie Bier, Louise Demers, William C. Miller, Dominique Gélinas-Bronsard e Sara Ahmed. "What’s behind the Dashboard? Intervention Mapping of a Mobility Outcomes Monitoring System for Rehabilitation". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n. 20 (15 ottobre 2022): 13303. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013303.
Abstract (sommario):
Training and follow-up for older adults who received new assistive technology can improve device use adoption and function, but there is a lack of systematic and coordinated services. To address this gap, the Internet-based MOvIT+™ was designed to provide remote monitoring and support for assistive technology users and their caregivers. This paper presents the intervention mapping approach that was used. In step 1, we established a project governance structure and a logic model emerged from interviews with stakeholders and a systematic review of literature. In step 2, a modified TRIAGE consensus process led to the prioritization of thirty-six intervention components. In step 3, we created use cases for all intervention end users. In step 4, the intervention interface was created through iterative lab testing, and we gathered training resources. In step 5, a two-stage implementation plan was devised with the recruited rehabilitation sites. In step 6, we proposed an evaluation protocol. This detailed account of the development of MOvIT+™ demonstrates how the combined use of an intervention mapping approach and participatory processes with end users can help linking evidence-based, user-centered, and pragmatic reasoning. It makes visible the complexities behind the development of Internet-based interventions, while guiding future program developers.
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Perez, Nicholas M., Wesley G. Jennings, Yanning Wang e Chris Delcher. "Law Enforcement Officers’ Perceptions of Florida’s Prescription Drug Monitoring Program". Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 33, n. 4 (16 agosto 2017): 368–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1043986217724291.
Abstract (sommario):
Prescription pain medication misuse and abuse is a considerable criminal justice and public health problem in the United States. As a result, prescription drug monitoring programs (PDMPs) have been developed and implemented across the country to monitor patients with high abuse potential and to detect abnormalities in the prescribing of controlled substances. The current study relies on a sample of 87 Florida law enforcement officers to gauge their perceptions of, use of, and perceived effectiveness of Florida’s PDMP. Results indicate that most of the law enforcement officers considered themselves moderate-to-frequent users of the PDMP and considered the PDMP to be an effective system. In addition, many of the officers reported that their communication had increased with prescribers and pharmacists because of the PDMP. These findings notwithstanding, some officers noted a few barriers/limitations of the PDMP such as “false negatives” and an inability to check another state’s PDMP as areas for improvement. Study limitations and implications are also discussed.
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Elena, Serea, e Donciu Codrin. "Eye safety awareness and visual impairment prevention for computer users". Journal of Clinical Research and Ophthalmology 9, n. 2 (1 ottobre 2022): 022–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.17352/2455-1414.000099.
Abstract (sommario):
The paper presents an etiologic approach to visual and ocular alterations caused by intensive computer usage, with the aim of carrying out the risk factors and presenting the preventive measures that are to be applied. The prevalence of computer-induced eye problems is constantly growing and will remain so as long as humanity is dependent on most activities on electronic devices. The eye care burden is exclusively in charge of the user and the multitude of intrinsic, environmental, professional, and ergonomic factors with specific preventive measures are quite difficult to manage. In more developed communities there is an emphasis on eye health education, periodic ophthalmological examinations, and ergonomic organization of the computer workspace, but an important subjective risk factor remains nevertheless uncontrolled: the proximity to the screen during work. For this matter, it is presented one solution for visual impairment prevention among computer users, consisting of a simple automated system (OptoGuard) for warning persons when working too close to the screen, exceeding the eye safety proximity interval (which is measured through the webcam). The preliminary results, obtained for the Euclidean distance measurement, as the webcam currently allows, had an average error of 4%, the warning message appearing on the screen every time the user’s proximity fell below 38 cm. Further developments aim at expanding the visual area monitoring to asses several levels of the other factors that lead to computer-related health problems: posture, angle of viewing, and brightness of the screen.
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Xu, Xiaomin, Shujuan Chen, Junning Chen, Zhikang Chen, Liming Fu, Dingchen Song, Min Zhao e Haifeng Jiang. "Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy of a Community-Based Addiction Rehabilitation Electronic System in Substance Use Disorder: Pilot Randomized Controlled Trial". JMIR mHealth and uHealth 9, n. 4 (16 aprile 2021): e21087. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/21087.
Abstract (sommario):
Background Drug use disorder has high potential for relapse and imposes an enormous burden on public health in China. Since the promulgation of the Anti-drug law in 2008, community-based rehabilitation has become the primary approach to treat drug addiction. However, multiple problems occurred in the implementation process, leading to a low detoxification rate in the community. Mobile health (mHealth) serves as a promising tool to improve the effectiveness and efficiency of community-based rehabilitation. Community-based addiction rehabilitation electronic system (CAREs) is an interactive system for drug users and their assigned social workers. Objective The study aimed to examine the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of CAREs in community-based rehabilitation from the perspective of drug users and social workers in Shanghai, China. Methods In this pilot randomized controlled trial, 40 participants were recruited from the community in Shanghai from January to May 2019. Participants randomized to the intervention group (n=20) received CAREs + community-based rehabilitation, while participants in the control group (n=20) received community-based rehabilitation only for 6 months. CAREs provided education, assessment, and SOS (support) functions for drug users. The assigned social workers provided service and monitored drug use behavior as usual except that the social workers in the intervention group could access the webpage end to obtain drug users’ information and fit their routine workflow into CAREs. The primary outcome was the feasibility of CAREs, reflected in the overall proportion and frequency of CAREs features used in both app and webpage end. The secondary outcomes were the effectiveness of CAREs, including the percentage of drug-positive samples, longest period of abstinence, contact times with social workers, and the change of Addiction Severity Index (ASI) from baseline to the 6-month follow-up. Results The number of participants logged in to the app ranged from 7 to 20 per week, and CAREs had relatively high levels of continued patient use. Drug users preferred assessment and education features in the app end while their social workers showed high levels of use in urine results record and viewing assessment results on the webpage end. After the 6-month intervention, 3.3% (17/520) of samples in the intervention group and 7.5% (39/520) in the control group were drug-positive (F=4.358, P=.04). No significant differences were noted between the control and intervention groups in terms of longest duration of abstinence, number of contact times and ASI composite scores. Conclusions The study preliminarily demonstrated that with relatively good feasibility and acceptability, CAREs may improve the effectiveness and efficiency of the community-based rehabilitation, which provided instruction for further improvement of the system. Trial Registration ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03451344; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03451344 International Registered Report Identifier (IRRID) RR2-10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00556
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Coomber, Ross, Michael Oliver e Craig Morris. "Using Cannabis Therapeutically in the UK: A Qualitative Analysis". Journal of Drug Issues 33, n. 2 (aprile 2003): 325–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/002204260303300204.
Abstract (sommario):
Thirty-three therapeutic cannabis users in England were interviewed about their experiences using an illegal drug for therapeutic purposes. Interviews were semi-structured, and responses highly qualitative. Particular issues included how and why cannabis was used therapeutically; what problems its illegality posed in terms of access, cost, reliability of supply, and quality of the product; the perceived beneficial effects of its use; and unwanted effects (problems in relation to family, friends, partners, the criminal justice system, and the health care system). The study did not seek to prove or disprove the efficacy of cannabis used as a therapeutic agent merely to report the experiences of those who use it in that way. It was found that users perceived cannabis to be highly effective in treating their symptoms, to complement existing medication, and to produce fewer unwanted effects. Smoking was the preferred method of administration, permitting greater control over dose and administration. Problems related to prescribed medication motivated many to use cannabis therapeutically. Few problems were experienced with friends, family, partners, and the criminal justice or health care systems, although other concerns about cannabis's illegality were reported. Although most were relatively unconcerned about the risk involved and were determined to continue use, many resented that they felt they were being forced to break the law. Problems relating to access to the drug (in an illegal context) and managing its administration were reported. A brief discussion of the continued prohibition of cannabis for this group is undertaken, and a harm reduction approach is suggested.
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Tinella, Luigi, Andrea Bosco, Sergio Traficante, Rosa Napoletano, Elisabetta Ricciardi, Giuseppina Spano, Antonella Lopez, Giovanni Sanesi, Angela Stefania Bergantino e Alessandro Oronzo Caffò. "Fostering an Age-Friendly Sustainable Transport System: A Psychological Perspective". Sustainability 15, n. 18 (20 settembre 2023): 13972. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su151813972.
Abstract (sommario):
The aging population is rapidly growing across the world, with the number of people aged 65 or older projected to reach 1.6 billion by 2050. As such, it is essential to consider how to develop sustainable transport systems that are age-friendly. This perspective paper investigates how to foster an age-friendly transport system with a particular focus on public and sustainable transport options for the elderly. Existing transport systems are evaluated to determine their adherence to an effective age-friendly transport system in terms of three main requirements, namely affordability, accessibility and safety. Then, a psychological perspective is introduced by considering the psycho-physical needs and preferences of the elderly as well as individual factors affecting them. Four areas are considered: (a) independence and autonomy, (b) comfort and convenience, (c) social inclusion and ageism, (d) physical health and well-being, especially injuries due to mobility and fear connected with them. Finally, a proposal is made about psychological training programs directed to both elderly users and transport workers to overcome concerns for an age-friendly transportation system. Such programs could effectively support the age-friendly use of public transport systems simply by increasing the age-friendly skills of both users as well as transport workers.
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Feldman, Jay. "The U.S. Federal Pesticide Law: Why It Is Not Protecting Users and the Public, and the Need for Legislative Action". Arboriculture & Urban Forestry 11, n. 3 (1 marzo 1985): 76–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.48044/jauf.1985.019.
Abstract (sommario):
While pesticides have been credited with enhancing the nation's general quality of life, the dramatically rising use of toxic chemicals also irreversibly tampers with the delicate ecological balance, often threatening society's human and environmental health. The existing statutory and regulatory program governing pesticide registration and use does not assure the public, users and consumers alike, that marketed products are indeed safe. A review of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's pesticide program and its authorizing legislation, the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Act (FIFRA), reveals numerous problems such as: faulty product safety test data; inadequate health and environmental effects test data; back door product registration allowing the continual and expanded marketing of untested or poorly tested pesticides, and; poor enforcement of the law. Legislation has been introduced in the U.S. Congress, entitled the Federal Insecticide, Fungicide and Rodenticide Reform Act (H.R. 3818 and S. 1774), which would put in place a system of controls that by their very nature would provide the assurances of safety that the public wants and deserves.
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Dembo, Richard, e James Schmeidler. "A Classification of High-Risk Youths". Crime & Delinquency 49, n. 2 (aprile 2003): 201–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0011128702251054.
Abstract (sommario):
The authors report the results of developing and evaluating a classification of 315 arrested youths processed at the Hillsborough County Juvenile Assessment Center in Tampa, Florida. Cluster analysis of summary measures of nine baseline alcohol/other drug use and self-reported delinquency variables identified four groups of youths: (a) low-level delinquents and drug users, (b) high-level delinquents, (c) hair-test-identified marijuana and cocaine users, and (d) self-reported drug users. The validity of the typology was assessed by comparing the clusters of youths on their(a) educational experiences; (b) delinquency referral history; (c) neglect, abuse, and family problem history; (d) close friends’ problem behavior; and, of particular interest, given the focus of the analyses, (e) emotional/psychological functioning and mental health and substance abuse treatment history. The findings indicate the youths were experiencing overlapping delinquency, alcohol/other drug use, and emotional/psychological problems. The cooccurrence of these problems among youths entering the juvenile justice system extends findings of their co-occurrence reported in studies of incarcerated youths.
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Salma Abdul Al-Baqi Mahmood, Majid Abdul Al-Wahab Maatook e Ali Hussein Ali. "Designing and implementing an electronic health record (Ehr) for telemedicine purposes". Journal of Wasit for Science and Medicine 7, n. 1 (29 gennaio 2023): 74–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31185/jwsm.329.
Abstract (sommario):
This research deals with the problem of maintaining data, deemed to be one of the biggest problems of health entities. Most hospitals and clinic suffer loss of data saved in databases and unavailability of strong cohesive information systems. The objective of this study is to design and implement a web-based EHR system that can help create a national repository of health data, and will therefore, make the deployment of telemedicine applications easier in the future. The EHR system ables to store the patient information, which normally includes personal information, address, demographics, progress notes, immunization, lab data, Radiology information, past medical history, family history, vital sign, tobacco history, alcohol history, examinations, and so on. The proposed system consists of two another components, Queries system which is built to combine data from different tables by using a combination of mathematical or logical operators, Queries system used to answer on a an academic researchers questions. And the front-end of the EHR system which it is a set of GUI(Graphic User Interfaces) that act as a bridge in between the end users and the EHR system.
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Rosa, Natacha, Angela Carvalho, Flavia Santos, Ana Monteiro, Filipe Santos-Silva, Barbara Macedo e Hugo Prazeres. "Unprecedented Living Lab Approach: Technological Innovations for Paediatric Cancer Support System". European Conference on Innovation and Entrepreneurship 18, n. 2 (18 settembre 2023): 1065–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.34190/ecie.18.2.1829.
Abstract (sommario):
The paediatric oncology field still faces significant challenges, despite the substantial progress in childhood cancer diagnosis and treatment. Not only in terms of incidence and mortality rate reduction but also in terms of patients, their support system (e.g. family, school staff) and the cancer survivors’ well-being. The use of innovation has provided new forms to support the paediatric oncology community. As these solutions continue to emerge it is necessary to test and validate them based on the end-users’ specific needs. In this context, this article shares the ongoing work in the development of an unprecedented and unique Living Lab project. In this ecosystem, a paediatric oncology patients' physiological monitoring device, an app that combines technology and science with culture and arts to create mental health promotion solutions device, a virtual reality solution to help paediatric oncology patients manage pain via gamified environments and a methodology to diagnose difficulties in problem-solving that arise among parents and caregivers of children with cancer survivors, breakthroughs technologies where supported and leveraged during their participation in this Living Lab program. Considering the symbiotic interdependence between end-users empowered by Living Labs and the Living Labs’ success dependency on the end-users involvement and motivation, an original methodology for entrepreneurship fostering and innovation support based on end-user participants’ high involvement was proposed and evaluated. This methodology was based on interlinked and tailored sessions which were characteristically re-designed based on the stage of development of the proposed innovation, the technical support required and the end-users' needs and engagement level as well as the feedback obtained from previous activities. As a result of the complexity of the context in which the solutions are implemented and the changing openness and engagement of the end-users, the activities and sessions were constantly being created and customized. Although this is a work-in-progress, the tailored engagement program developed already allowed the value creation for all the participants and an efficient evaluation and validation of new end-user-centred solutions which will harness progress through their path to the market.
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Rolnick, Joshua, Robin Ward, Gordon Tait e Neha Patel. "Early Adopters of Apple Health Records at a Large Academic Medical Center: Cross-sectional Survey of Users". Journal of Medical Internet Research 24, n. 1 (25 gennaio 2022): e29367. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/29367.
Abstract (sommario):
Background Mobile applications offer a new approach to personal health records, which are internet-based tools for patients to consolidate and manage their health information. The University of Pennsylvania Health System (UPHS) was one of the first health systems to participate in Apple Health Records (AHR), a prominent example of this new generation of personal health records. Objective This study aimed to characterize early adoption of AHR among UPHS patients and understand user perspectives. Methods An email-based survey with fixed answer, Likert scale, and open-ended questions was administered to all UPHS patients using AHR in the first 10 months of enrollment. Survey data linked to the UPHS electronic health record system were used to analyze responses. Multivariable logistic regression modeled the association of patient characteristics with user ratings. Content analysis was used to analyze open-ended questions. Results At the time of the survey, a total of 1458 patients had used AHR at least once. Mean age of AHR users was 47.5 years, 66.3% (967/1458) were male, 70.9% (1033/1458) were white, and 80.8% (1178/1458) had private insurance. Response rate was 26.8% (391/1458); 46.3% (180/389) were very satisfied with AHR, and 67.7% (264/390) described it as very easy to use. The most commonly utilized features were lab results (324/391, 82.9%), clinical vitals (264/391, 67.5%), and medications (253/391, 64.7%). No patient characteristics were associated with reporting high satisfaction or ease of use. The most common reason for using AHR was convenience/ease of use, and 58.2% (160/275) of users reported allowing no other apps to access their health information, citing privacy as one consideration. Conclusions Early adopters of AHR were demographically white, male, and privately insured. Convenience was an important facilitator, and users were selective in which apps they allowed to access their health information.
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Brils, Jos, e Linda Maring. "A conceptual model for enabling sustainable management of soil-sediment-water ecosystems in support of European policy". Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management 26, n. 2 (1 aprile 2023): 63–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14321/aehm.026.02.063.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract The health of soil-sediment-water ecosystems is under pressure from economic activities and a changing climate. This decreases health and hampers the service provision capacity of these ecosystems and thus impacts human well-being. Protecting and where feasible restoring of ecosystem health has currently become the key European environmental policy objective and for this it is needed to take an entire system approach and engage stakeholders. ‘Entire’ means that soil, sediment and water are regarded as closely interlinked environmental matrices that need to be managed by taking a ‘river (or mountain) to sea’ perspective, crossing spatial, discipline, political and cultural boundaries. This paper presents a conceptual model to support that purpose. Essentially, the conceptual model presents an approach for ecosystem-based management aimed to achieve healthy ecosystems, i.e. soil-sediment-water ecosystems that have the continued capacity to support ecosystem services to the benefit of their users. The model proposes a cyclic (iterative, learning-by-doing) approach and integrates soil-sediment-water, ecosystems, ecosystem services, users (stakeholders), pressures, information, management strategy and program of measures as building blocks. To successfully apply the model, it is above all needed to take an entrepreneurial approach, i.e. leave comfort zones, take an adventurous road, learn together to manage together, be adaptive and consider other than only command-and-control solutions. Furthermore, authorities should become facilitative leaders to engage users in co-creation of an ecosystem-based management strategy. Real live and place-based experimenting with multiple stakeholders, such as in the Living Labs and Lighthouses that are proposed in the EU soil mission, may provide an ideal instrument for such application, i.e. where the conceptual model can be used and support the achievement of European environmental policy objectives.
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Kumar, Dheeraj. "FL-NoiseMap: A Federated Learning-based privacy-preserving Urban Noise-Pollution Measurement System". Noise Mapping 9, n. 1 (1 gennaio 2022): 128–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/noise-2022-0153.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Increasing levels of noise pollution in urban environments are a primary cause of various physical and psychological health issues. There is an urgent requirement to manage environmental noise by assessing the current levels of noise pollution by gathering real-world data and building a fine-granularity real-time noise map. Traditionally, simulation-based, small-scale sensor-network-based, and participatory sensing-based approaches have been used to estimate noise levels in urban areas. These techniques are inadequate to gauge the prevalence of noise pollution in urban areas and have been shown to leak private user data. This paper proposes a novel federated learning-based urban noise mapping system, FL-NoiseMap, that significantly enhances the privacy of participating users without adversely affecting the application performance. We list several state-of-the-art urban noise monitoring systems that can be seamlessly ported to the federated learning-based paradigm and show that the existing privacy-preserving approaches can be used as an add-on to enhance participants’ privacy. Moreover, we design an “m-hop” application model modification approach for privacy preservation, unique to FL-NoiseMap. We also describe techniques to maintain data reliability for the proposed application. Numerical experiments on simulated datasets showcase the superiority of the proposed scheme in terms of users’ privacy preservation and noise map reliability. The proposed scheme achieves the lowest average normalized root mean square error in the range of 4% to 7% as the number of participants varies between 500 and 5000 while providing maximum coverage of over 95% among various competing algorithms. The proposed malicious contribution removal framework can decrease the average normalizedroot mean square error by more than 50% for simulations having up to 20% malicious users.
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Soysal, Ergin, Jingqi Wang, Min Jiang, Yonghui Wu, Serguei Pakhomov, Hongfang Liu e Hua Xu. "CLAMP – a toolkit for efficiently building customized clinical natural language processing pipelines". Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association 25, n. 3 (24 novembre 2017): 331–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jamia/ocx132.
Abstract (sommario):
Abstract Existing general clinical natural language processing (NLP) systems such as MetaMap and Clinical Text Analysis and Knowledge Extraction System have been successfully applied to information extraction from clinical text. However, end users often have to customize existing systems for their individual tasks, which can require substantial NLP skills. Here we present CLAMP (Clinical Language Annotation, Modeling, and Processing), a newly developed clinical NLP toolkit that provides not only state-of-the-art NLP components, but also a user-friendly graphic user interface that can help users quickly build customized NLP pipelines for their individual applications. Our evaluation shows that the CLAMP default pipeline achieved good performance on named entity recognition and concept encoding. We also demonstrate the efficiency of the CLAMP graphic user interface in building customized, high-performance NLP pipelines with 2 use cases, extracting smoking status and lab test values. CLAMP is publicly available for research use, and we believe it is a unique asset for the clinical NLP community.
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Modipa, Mmakwena. "Road traffic accidents in South Africa: challenges and solutions". International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478) 12, n. 8 (11 dicembre 2023): 557–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.20525/ijrbs.v12i8.2940.
Abstract (sommario):
Road traffic accidents are a major, but neglected global public health problem, requiring intensive efforts for effective and sustainable prevention. Of all the systems that people must deal with daily, road transport is the most complex, and the most dangerous. Road safety is an issue of national concern, considering its magnitude, gravity and the consequent negative impacts on the economy, public health and the general welfare of the people in South Africa. Road traffic accidents are a collective responsibility and all major stakeholders need to play their role in road safety and ensure that road users are safe whenever they are on the road. One of the major challenges for road traffic authorities in preventing road traffic accidents in South Africa is the inability of road users to understand and interpret the rules of the road and this contributes to a high rate of fatalities on the road. This qualitative article adopted the non-empirical research design: Systematic review. This study is completely based on the secondary data. A systematic review was done in detail for the collected literature. The key findings indicated that road users do not obey the rules of the road: jaywalking, speeding, driving and walking while impaired contribute to a high rate of fatalities on the road. The findings further indicated that law enforcement officials are not enforcing the law consistently which compromises the road safety project. Based on the findings, the author provided possible recommendations such as providing road safety campaigns throughout the year; capacitating law enforcement officials with resources to prevent road traffic accidents.
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Camp, L. Jean. "Reconceptualizing the Role of Security User". Daedalus 140, n. 4 (ottobre 2011): 93–107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/daed_a_00117.
Abstract (sommario):
The Internet is not the only critical infrastructure that relies on the participation of unorganized and technically inexpert end users. Transportation, health, waste management, and disaster preparedness are other areas where cooperation between unorganized citizens who lack experience with the domain has increased resiliency, reduced social costs, and helped meet shared goals. Theories of community-based production and management of the commons explain this type of cooperation, both offline and online. This essay examines these two complementary approaches to organizing the cybercitizen for cybersecurity. Cybersecurity discourse has reasonably focused on centralized parties and network operators. From domain name registrars to network service providers, solutions are sought through incentives, regulation, and even law enforcement. However great the ability of these centralized entities to implement change, the end user plays a crucial role. The Internet must remain open to enable innovation and diffusion of innovation; thus, the end user will continue to be important. What is the role of the citizen in cybersecurity? What socio-technical characteristics might enable a system that encourages and empowers users to create a secure infrastructure?
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Feilhauer, Thomas, Florian Braun, Katja Faller, David Hutter, Daniel Mathis, Johannes Neubauer, Jasmin Pogatschneg e Michelle Weber. "Mobility Choices—An Instrument for Precise Automatized Travel Behavior Detection & Analysis". Sustainability 13, n. 4 (10 febbraio 2021): 1912. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13041912.
Abstract (sommario):
Within the Mobility Choices (MC) project we have developed an app that allows users to record their travel behavior and encourages them to try out new means of transportation that may better fit their preferences. Tracks explicitly released by the users are anonymized and can be analyzed by authorized institutions. For recorded tracks, the freely available app automatically determines the segments with their transportation mode; analyzes the track according to the criteria environment, health, costs, and time; and indicates alternative connections that better fit the criteria, which can individually be configured by the user. In the second step, the users can edit their tracks and release them for further analysis by authorized institutions. The system is complemented by a Web-based analysis program that helps authorized institutions carry out specific evaluations of traffic flows based on the released tracks of the app users. The automatic transportation mode detection of the system reaches an accuracy of 97%. This requires only minimal corrections by the user, which can easily be done directly in the app before releasing a track. All this enables significantly more accurate surveys of transport behavior than the usual time-consuming manual (non-automated) approaches, based on questionnaires.
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Andesgur, Ivnaini. "Analisa Kebijakan Hukum Lingkungan dalam Pengelolaan Pestisida". BESTUUR 7, n. 2 (30 dicembre 2019): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/bestuur.v7i2.40438.
Abstract (sommario):
<p><em>In the modern era, the use of pesticides has become an inseparable part of the activities of farmers and the agricultural sector. However, pesticides are toxic and dangerous (B3) chemicals and include persistent organic pollutants (POPs) which have a negative impact on human health and the environment. This research is a doctrinal / normative legal research with a statutory approach. Data collected by library research, then analyzed qualitatively. There are several laws and regulations that have a correlation with the management of pesticides in Indonesia, namely Law No. 32 of 2009 concerning Environmental Protection and Management and several other laws / regulations. Law enforcement in pesticide management refers to 3 legal systems which are a combination of components, namely structure, substance, and culture. Besides that related to law enforcement in the management of pesticides can be studied from two sides, namely preventive and repressive law enforcement. Law enforcement in the management of pesticides has also become an embodiment of the central and regional governments in reducing the negative impact of pesticides on human health and the environment with the aim of raising awareness for the community as users, manufacturing plants, and the government that grants production permits for a good and healthy environment. .</em></p><p> </p><p><strong>Keywords</strong>: <em>Law Enforcement, Pesticides, Health and Environment.</em><em></em></p>
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Chi, Yang, Congcong Yu, Xiaohui Qi e Hao Xu. "Knowledge Management in Healthcare Sustainability: A Smart Healthy Diet Assistant in Traditional Chinese Medicine Culture". Sustainability 10, n. 11 (14 novembre 2018): 4197. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10114197.
Abstract (sommario):
In the past 40 years, with the changes to dietary structure and the dramatic increase in the consumption of meat products in developing countries, especially in China, encouraging populations to maintain their previous healthy eating patterns will have health, environmental, and economic co-benefits. Healthy diet education plays an important role in the promotion of people’s healthy behavior. However, in the modern age, the data regarding healthy diets available on the internet is increasing rapidly and is distributed on multiple sources. It is time-consuming for users to learn about healthy diets on the internet: they need to search data on multiple platforms, choose and integrate information, and then understand what they have learned. To help people retrieve and learn healthy diet knowledge more efficiently and comprehensively, this paper designs a knowledge graph to integrate healthy diet information on the internet and provides a semantic retrieval system. In the knowledge graph, five main concepts are defined, including food material, dish, nutritional element, symptom, and crowd, as well as the relationships among them. In addition, Chinese dietary culture elements and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory are also contained in the knowledge graph. The preliminary results show that by using the system, users learn healthy diet knowledge more quickly and comprehensively and they are more inclined to have balanced diets. This work could be regarded as a retrieval and education tool, which can assist healthcare and national sustainable development.
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Torkudzor, Moses Kwasi, Patrick Atsu Agbemabiese e Wellington Amponsah. "Design and Implementation of a Web Based Health Information System". International Journal of Technology and Management Research 5, n. 3 (15 ottobre 2020): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.47127/ijtmr.v5i3.97.
Abstract (sommario):
Health Information System aims at improving and enhancing the delivery of quality, data availability and administrative effectiveness of people’s health. Medical record has come under severe threat as a result of the manual system of medical record keeping in spite of its important functions. This system of record-keeping involves taking down patient data on pieces of paper, which are put into files and kept in cabinets. In fact, this is an improper means of documentation resulting in loss and mismatch of patient data, and time wastage. It is alsocumbersome, bulky and consumes a lot of the office space. In this paper, a complete web-based health information system is designed to solve these problems so as to enable users handle details on policies efficiently and effectively. A test of the system over various network topologies reveals that time taken to move a packet and received acknowledgment for standalone, LAN, WAN and Intranet is 3ms, 4ms, 8ms and 10ms respectively. These short periods of time show faster and efficient delivery of health activities. The Web Based HealthInformation System thus provides significant benefit to institutions as it can capture data and store it in the developed database for future use.
Citation: Kwasi, T. M., Patrick, A.A, Amponsah Wellington, A. Design and Implementation of a Web-BasedHealth Information System, 2020; 5(3): 1－11.
Received: August 4, 2019Accepted: September 30, 2020