Tesi sul tema "Health periodicals"

Assignment (MPhil)--University of Stellenbosch, 2006.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Health reporting in South African women’s magazines has not previously been assessed. Therefore, a content analysis of health reporting in three South African monthly women’s magazines, Sarie (S), Fairlady (F), and True Love (T), was carried out from February 2005–January 2006. Total coverage of health issues was analysed, as well as coverage of 11 specific aspects of health, namely: sexual and reproductive (‘Sexual’), men’s, women’s, cardiac (‘Heart’), spiritual ‘Spirit’), mental and emotional (‘Mental’), diet and nutrition (‘Diet’), sport and exercise (‘Sportex’), health-related items not covered by the other categories (‘General’), pseudoscience with regard to health issues (‘Pseudo’) and parenting and child care (‘Parent’). True Love devoted most space to all health items combined (17,7% of total subject material), compared with 13,8% for Sarie and 11,7 % for Fairlady. The top three categories (20,1%, 19,7% and 16,3% of total health coverage) were the ‘Mental’, ‘General’ and ‘Sexual’ categories, respectively. Comparisons of categories among the magazines showed the following trends for the most coverage: ‘Sexual’ (T); women’s (F), ‘Spirit’ (T), ‘Mental’ (S); and ‘Diet’ (F). T was the only magazine to carry articles in the ‘Parent’ category. However, statistical analyses showed that the only significant differences were in women’s (F>T); ‘Spirit’ (F>S; T>S); ‘Mental' (S>F) and ’Diet’ (F>S). The reporting in the magazines was not found to be balanced as regards the emphasis given to certain aspects of health. The most striking imbalance was that no information was given regarding prevention of HIV/Aids, now the leading cause of death in South Africa.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die mate van gesondheidsverslaggewing in Suid-Afrikaanse vrouetydskrifte is nog nie voorheen bepaal nie. Daar is dus ‘n inhoudsanalise gedoen van die gesondheidsverslaggewing van drie Suid-Afrikaanse vrouetydskrifte, Sarie (S), Fairlady (F), and True Love (T), wat maandeliks verskyn, vanaf Februarie 2005–Januarie 2006. Die totale dekking van gesondheidskwessies is geanaliseer, sowel as die dekking van 11 spesifieke aspekte van gesondheid, nl.: seksueel en reproduksie (‘Seksueel’), mans, vrouens, hart (‘Hart’), geestelik (‘Geestelik’), emosioneel (‘Emosioneel’), dieet en voeding (‘Dieet’), sport en oefening (‘Sport’), gesondheidsverwante kwessies wat nie deur ander afdelings gedek is nie (‘Algemeen’), pseudo-wetenskap met verwysing na gesondheidskwessies (‘Pseudo’) asook ouerskap en kindersorg (‘Ouer’). Gesamentelik het True Love (17,7% van totale onderwerp inhoud) die meeste plek afgestaan aan gesondheidsverwante kwessies, in vergelyking met 13,8% vir Sarie en 11,7 % vir Fairlady. Die top drie afdelings (20,1%, 19,7% en 16,3% van die totale gesondheidsdekking) was ‘Geestelik’, ‘Algemeen’ en ‘Seksueel’ respektiewelik. ‘n Vergelyking van die verskillende afdelings tussen die tydskrifte het die volgende tendense vir die meeste dekking getoon: ‘Seksueel’ (T); vroue (F), ‘Geestelik’ (T), ‘Emosioneel’ (S); and ‘Dieet’ (F). T was die enigste tydskrif wat artikels in die ‘Ouer’ afdeling gepubliseer het. Statistiese analises het egter getoon dat die enigste insiggewende verskille in die ’vroue’ (F>T); ‘Geestelik’ (F>S; T>S); ‘Emosioneel' (S>F) en ’Dieet’ (F>S) afdelings voorgekom het. Daar is gevind dat rapportering in die betrokke tydskrifte ongebalanseerd was ten opsigte van sekere aspekte van gesondheid. Die grootste gebrek was dat daar geen inligting oor die voorkoming van MIV/Vigs verskaf is nie, alhoewel dit bekend is dat dit nou die hoof oorsaak van sterftes in Suid-Afrika is.

Health is an organising principle of contemporary neoliberal citizenship, particularly evident in the political rhetoric of individual responsibility articulated around the privatisation of public health and welfare systems. The popular culture of these political technologies is expressed via the discourses of self-help and self-care, exemplified by the commercial success of consumer health magazines, and the responsibilising strategies of public health interventions. This thesis investigates the contemporary function of health magazines by examining both the content and the context of reader letters published between 1997 and 2000 in six Sydney-based 'commercial' and 'community' publications, and incorporating interviews with magazine editors. The three commercial magazines address the health media 'publics' of women (Good Medicine), men (Men's Health) and alternative health consumers (Nature & Health), whereas the three community publications address the 'counterpublics' of people living with HIV/AIDS (Talkabout), sex workers (The Professional) and illicit drug users (User's News). Despite their different social contexts, these six magazines are all exemplary of the advanced liberal health imperatives of Australian popular culture, although the community magazines also empower audiences to facilitate social change. Reader letters are approached via the interpretive lens of cultural studies, in which the specific local characteristics of each text is seen to have wider global implications. Each magazine's letters are positioned within a complex cultural, political and economic context that includes the rise of consumer culture, the social function of narrative disclosures, the increased validation of exhibitionism and the gendered politics of health and medicine. This research advocates for interdisciplinary dialogue between media/cultural studies, health/medical sociology and political theory, suggesting that health magazine reader letters can help to identify the role of popular and alternative media in constructing ideals of 'citizenships' within advanced liberalism.

In-cylinder heat transfer is one of the most critical physical behaviors which has a direct influence on engine out emission and thermal efficiency for IC engine. In-cylinder wall temperature has to be precisely controlled to achieve high efficiency and low emission. However, this cannot be done without knowing gas-to-wall heat flux. This study reports on the development of a technique suitable for engine in-cylinder surface temperature measurement, as the traditional method is “hard to reach.” A laser induced phosphorescence technique was used to study in-cylinder wall temperature effects on engine out unburned hydrocarbons during the engine transitional period (warm up). A linear correlation was found between the cylinder wall surface temperature and the unburned hydrocarbons at mediate and high charge densities. At low charge density, no clear correlation was observed because of miss-fire events. A new auto background correction infrared (IR) diagnostic was developed to measure the instantaneous in-cylinder surface temperature at 0.1 CAD resolution. A numerical mechanism was designed to suppress relatively low-frequency background noise and provide an accurate in-cylinder surface temperature measurements with an error of less than 1.4% inside the IC engine. In addition, a proposed optical coating reduced time delay errors by 50% compared to more conventional thermocouple techniques. A new cycle-averaged Re_s number was developed for an IC engine to capture the characteristics of engine flow. Comparison and scaling between different engine flow parameters are available by matching the averaged Re_s number. From experimental results, the engine flow motion was classified as intermittently turbulent, and it is different from the original fully developed turbulent assumption, which has previously been used in almost all engine simulations. The intermittent turbulence could have a great impact on engine heat transfer because of the transitional turbulence effect. Engine 3D CFD model further proves the existence of transitional turbulence flow. A new multi zone heat transfer model is proposed for IC engines only. The model includes pressure work effects and improved heat transfer prediction compared to the standard Law of the wall model.

Computational and experimental studies of fluid flow and heat transfer phenomena in interrupted-surface passages are presented. The computational investigation was focused on developing and fully-developed (spatially and temporally) laminar flow and heat transfer in essentially two-dimensional regions of the following passages: (1) a straight rectangular duct with spatially periodic in-line plate inserts; and (2) staggered-plate arrays. A second-order finite-volume method was developed, validated, and used to solve these problems. Time-mean modular friction factors and Colburn factors were obtained from the domain inlet to the spatially-periodic fully-developed region for a Reynolds number range of 100 to 600, thus exploring the laminar steady and unsteady regimes. Additionally, various cyclic domains were investigated. In the experimental investigation, single hot-wire measurements were used to obtain ensemble-averaged power spectrums and Strouhal numbers in the fully-developed region of the rectangular duct with spatially periodic in-line plate inserts, for Reynolds numbers ranging from 2000 to 30000.

O mapeamento da atividade científica é essencial para o desenvolvimento da pesquisa e definição de políticas. Na presente pesquisa, foi analisada a convergência entre a produção de artigos científicos da área da Saúde Pública e a Agenda Nacional de Prioridades de Pesquisa em Saúde (ANPPS) implementada pelo Ministério da Saúde em 2005. Nessa perspectiva, faz-se uma breve apresentação do campo científico da Saúde Pública, o histórico de sua constituição, suas principais linhas teóricas e epistemológicas, o contexto atual e suas relações interdisciplinares. A análise foi realizada pelo mapeamento temático de artigos indexados na base de dados LILACS (Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde), desenvolvida pela BIREME, com apoio da rede colaborativa da Biblioteca Virtual de Saúde. O estudo recorreu, metodologicamente, à combinação dos procedimentos de Organização da Informação com as técnicas propostas pelos Estudos métricos da Informação. O corpus da pesquisa foi constituído de 7603 registros de artigos selecionados de 37 títulos de periódicos indexados na base de dados LILACS. Os descritores dos artigos, publicados no período de 2003 e 2007, foram comparados com as 24 subagendas da ANPPS para obter indicadores sobre o grau de convergência ente produção científica nacional e política de pesquisa em saúde. Os resultados mostraram que a convergência é positiva, tendo destaque o tema DOENÇAS TRANSMISSÍVEIS, cuja produção é significativamente mais elevada do que a dos demais temas da ANPPS. Os temas EPIDEMIOLOGIA E PESQUISA CLÍNICA apresentam também elevada produção, revelando a predominância destas duas abordagens epistemológicas na área da saúde. As subagendas SAÚDE DA POPULAÇÃO NEGRA e SAÚDE DOS POVOS INDÍGENAS apresentaram crescimento após a implementação da agenda. As subagendas SISTEMAS E POLÍTICAS DE SAÚDE e SAÚDE, AMBIENTE, TRABALHO E BIOSSEGURANÇA destacaram-se, demonstrando que as pesquisas sobre a gestão da saúde e a questão ambiental são estratégicas na área da Saúde Pública.
The mapping of scientific activity is essential for the development of research and policy definition. In this study, we examined the convergence of scientific articles in the area of Public Health and the National Agenda on Health Research (ANPPS) implemented by the Ministry of Health in 2005. From this perspective, it is made a brief presentation of the scientific field of Public Health, the history of its constitution, its main theoretical and epistemological lines, the current context and their interdisciplinary relation. The analysis was carried out by the thematic mapping of articles indexed in LILACS database (Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature), developed by BIREME, with support from the collaborative Virtual Library This survey used, methodologically, the combination of procedures from Organization of Information with the techniques proposed by the Metric Studies of Information. The corpus of the research consisted of 7603 records of articles selected from 37 titles of journals indexed in LILACS database. The descriptors of the articles published between 2003 and 2007 were compared with the 24 sub-agendas ANPPS for obtain indicators on the degree of convergence between national scientific production and health policy research. The results showed that the convergence is positive, and highlight the theme COMMUNICABLE DISEASES, whose production is significantly higher than other themes of ANPPS. Topics like EPIDEMIOLOGY e CLINICAL RESEARCH also have high production, revealing the prevalence of these two epistemological approaches in health. The agendas BLACK POPULATION HEALTH and INDIGENOUS PEOPLES\' HEALTH grew after the implementation of the agenda. The sub-agendas SYSTEMS AND HEALTH POLICY e HEALTH, ENVIRONMENT, LABOR AND BIOSECURITY stood out, demonstrating that the research on the management of health and environmental issues are strategic in the area of Public Health.

The heat transfer and friction augmentation in the fully developed portion of a 2:1 aspect ratio rectangular channel with orthogonal ribs at channel Reynolds numbers of 20,000, 30,000, and 40,000 is studied both experimentally and computationally. Ribs are applied to the two opposite wide walls. The rib aspect ratio is varied systematically at 1, 3, and 5, with a constant rib height and constant rib pitch (rib-pitch-to-rib-height ratio of 10). The purpose of the study is to extend the knowledge of the performance of rectangular channels with ribs to include high aspect ratio ribs. The experimental investigation is performed using transient Thermochromic Liquid Crystals technique to measure the distribution of the local Nusselt numbers on the ribbed walls. Overall channel pressure drop and friction factor augmentation is also obtained with the experimental setup. A numerical simulation is also performed by solving the 3-D Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations using the realizable-k-Greek lowercase letter episilon] turbulence model for closure. Flow visualization is obtained from the computational results as well as numerical predictions of local distributions of Nusselt numbers and overal channel pressure drop. Results indicate that with increasing rib width, the heat transfer augmentation of the ribbed walls decreases with a corresponding reduction in channel pressure drop.
B.S.M.E.
Bachelors
Department of Mechanical, Materials, and Aerospace Engineering
Engineering and Computer Science
Mechanical Engineering

Orientador: Aarão Mendes Pinto Neto
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Ciencias Medicas
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Resumo: Objetivos: avaliar o conteúdo e qualidade científica de textos informativos sobre saúde da mulher apresentados em revistas semanais brasileiras. Métodos: pesquisa de corte transversal, a partir da coletânea de textos sobre saúde da mulher, difundidos pelas três revistas semanais do segmento atualidades (Veja, Época e IstoÉ), pelo período de um ano, entre agosto de 2005 e julho de 2006. Inicialmente, foi identificado o tema em saúde da mulher presente no texto jornalístico, como saúde reprodutiva, prevenção, riscos e cuidados, beleza e estética, sexualidade, saúde mental, violência, menopausa e saúde geral. Em seguida, outras variáveis foram identificadas, como o gênero informativo do texto, que poderia ser nota, notícia, reportagem ou entrevista; a presença de ilustração; o tipo de fonte que deu informações ao repórter, seja ela científica, empresarial, governamental e a região geográfica de origem da informação. Para avaliar a qualidade científica dos textos, 80 unidades foram analisadas de forma independente por dois médicos e dois jornalistas, através de questionário Index Of Scientific Quality, adaptado para o português e submetido à prova piloto e reteste. Após a análise dos textos, foi verificada a consistência interna dos itens do questionário (medida pelo alfa de Cronbach) e a concordância inter e intra-observador (através do índice Kappa) para cada um dos oito itens do questionário, que variam de um a cinco pontos e medem a aplicabilidade, opinião versus fato, validade, alcance, precisão, coerência, conseqüência e um item global, que resume os outros itens e cuja mediana foi considerada para avaliação da qualidade. Resultados: Foram coletados 987 textos sobre saúde, sendo que 14,8% deles foram classificados como textos sobre saúde da mulher. Houve predomínio do assunto saúde reprodutiva (26,7%) e gênero informativo nota (45,2%). O tema menos referido foi a menopausa, com 4,8% do total do espaço. A maioria dos textos foi ilustrada (87,7%), com fontes científicas (41,1%) e informações de origem internacional (41,1%). Ao buscar a qualidade científica dos textos foram encontradas medianas que variaram de 2 a 4 em sete itens do questionário sendo que a referente ao item global foi igual a três. A consistência interna dos itens do questionário variou entre 0,81 e 0,96. A concordância inter-avaliadores foi de - 0,03 a 0,48 e a intraobservador variou entre 0,27 e 0,34. (IC 95%). Conclusões: A saúde da mulher ocupou pouco espaço nas revistas semanais brasileiras de generalidades e apareceu mais relacionada a aspectos reprodutivos. Os itens do questionário mensuraram a qualidade científica de forma adequada, porém a baixa concordância inter e intra-observadores indica a necessidade de novos estudos para avaliar a versão brasileira do ISQ. A qualidade científica dos textos foi moderada. Palavras-chave: jornalismo científico, saúde da mulher, periódicos brasileiros, comunicação de massa e mulheres, saúde na comunicação de massa, saúde e qualidade de vida
Abstract: Objectives: To evaluate the content and scientific quality of informative texts on women¿s health published in weekly Brazilian news magazines. Methods: A cross sectional study carried out by evaluating all the texts on women¿s health published in three weekly current affairs magazines (Veja, Época and Istoé) over a period of one year. Content was expressed as variables describing topics of women¿s health, e.g. reproductive health, prevention, risks and healthcare, beauty and esthetics, sexuality, mental health, menopause and general health; the format of the report, e.g. a brief note, headline, article or interview; whether it was illustrated; the source of information, e.g. whether scientific, commercial, governmental or other; and the geographical origin of the information. To evaluate the scientific quality of the texts, 80 units were independently analyzed by two physicians and two journalists using the Index of Scientific Quality (ISQ), adapted for use in Portuguese and submitted to a pilot test and retest. Following analysis of the texts, internal consistency was measured using Crombach¿s alpha, and inter- and intra-rater agreement using the Kappa index for each one of the eight items in the questionnaire. Items received from 1 to 5 points and measured applicability, opinion versus fact, validity, scope, precision, coherence and consequence, as well as providing an overall median that summarized the other items and represented an evaluation of quality. Results: A total of 146 texts on the subject of women¿s health were found, comprising 14.8% of the total space devoted to health in general. The most commonly reported subject was reproductive health (26.7%) in the format of a brief note (45.2%). The least common subject was menopause, comprising only 4.8% of the total space. Most of the reports were illustrated (87.7%), originated from scientific sources (41.1%) and were of international origin (41.1%). The scientific quality of the texts received a median score that ranged from 2 to 4 in seven items of the questionnaire, while the overall median score was 3. Internal consistency of the items in the questionnaire ranged from 0.81 to 0.96. Inter-rater agreement varied between -0.03 and 0.48, while intra-rater agreement ranged from 0.27 to 0.34 (95%CI). Conclusion: Little space is allocated to women¿s health in weekly news magazines and reports appear to be related predominantly to subjects concerning reproduction. The items comprising the questionnaire provide an adequate measurement of scientific quality; however, low inter- and intra-rater agreement indicates a need for further studies to evaluate the Brazilian version of the ISQ. The scientific quality of the texts was evaluated as moderate. Key words: scientific journalism; women¿s health; Brazilian journals; mass.media and women; health in mass media; health and quality of life
Mestrado
Tocoginecologia
Mestre em Tocoginecologia

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Nos dias atuais, a presença do cirurgião-dentista especialista em Odontologia do Trabalho se faz necessária e de fundamental importância no ambiente laboral das diversas classes de trabalhadores, com o intuito de atuar favoravelmente sobre a saúde destes, através da identificação de potenciais riscos a ela e, também, pela necessidade de se educar o trabalhador para que ele mesmo seja o melhor promotor da saúde na empresa. Neste sentido a Odontologia do Trabalho visa à busca permanente da compatibilidade entre a atividade laboral e a preservação da saúde bucal do trabalhador e, sob a ótica da gestão, a Odontologia do Trabalho difere das atividades comumente praticadas no consultório, exatamente por não mais caracterizar uma relação simples entre Dentista-cliente. Dentro deste contexto o objetivo desta pesquisa é analisar a contribuição dos exames periódicos odontológicos na manutenção da saúde bucal dos servidores do Instituto de Engenharia Nuclear (IEN), através da avaliação do prontuário de saúde bucal do Conselho Federal de Odontologia (CFO). Como metodologia, foi realizada uma revisão da literatura que fundamentou a pesquisa de campo que visa mapear a percepção de 30 (trinta) especialistas em odontologia do trabalho sobre o protocolo utilizado durante os exames periódicos odontológicos do IEN, através da aplicação de um questionário. Nos resultados da pesquisa, observa-se que todos os respondentes possuem mais de 10 (dez) anos de experiência profissional, e os itens que julgaram mais importantes nas investigações clínicas foram as doenças cardiovasculares, hematológicas, transmissíveis e as hepáticas. Além disso, foi atribuída também uma importância alta na realização dos exames clínico e radiológico. Sendo assim, conclui-se com as respostas obtidas, que a aplicabilidade e eficiência dos exames periódicos odontológicos são de grande valor para a saúde dos servidores do IEN. Desse modo, tem-se a expectativa de que este trabalho auxilie na conscientização sobre saúde bucal com os trabalhadores, buscando-se relacionar os riscos ocupacionais com as doenças manifestadas na cavidade bucal e contribuindo essencialmente para a manutenção da saúde bucal dos servidores do IEN.
Nowadays, the work of Surgeon Dentist specialized on Occupational Odontology, it is more essential than ever, being extremely necessary in the labor of many work classes, acting in favor over the health of the employees, by the identification of potential risks associated to their labors and also by the need to educate the employee in order to make himself the best promoter of health in their companies. With this main goal, the occupational odontology aims the constant searching of the compatibility between the labor activity and the preservation of the worker´s oral health and under the management point of view, what makes the activities from this professional different from the usual activities practiced in a dentist office, not being an ordinary relation between client and dentist. Inside this context, the goal of this research it is analyze the contribution of dental periodical examinations in the oral health maintenance of the workers from Nuclear Engineering Institute (IEN), through an evaluation of the oral dental health record from Federal Council of Dentistry (CFO). As methodology, a literature review was made to substantiate the field research that aims to map the perception of 30 (thirty) dentistry experts on the protocol used for the periodic dental checks from IEN, applying a survey. The results of the research, it is observed that all respondents have more than 10 (ten) years of professional experience and the items that they judged more relevant in clinical investigations were: cardiovascular, hematologic, assignable and liver diseases. In addition, it was also given a high importance of performing the clinical and radiological examinations. Thus, its concluded with the answers that the applicability and efficiency of dental periodic examinations have a great value for the health of IEN employees. In this way, it is hoped this research helps the awareness of the employers regarding oral health, seeking to relate occupational hazards with the diseases that emerged from the oral cavity and essentially contributing for the maintenance of oral health from IEN´s workers.

La longévité est un enjeu majeur des prochaines décennies. La conséquence de cette longévité est l’émergence des maladies chroniques. Il est aujourd’hui admis que le vieillissement individuel est fortement influencé par des variables biologiques, psychologiques, environnementales et sociales. La prévention commence à la naissance pour se poursuivre tout au long de la vie. C’est pourquoi, une consultation de prévention à des moments clés du parcours de vie notamment au moment de la retraite est largement conseillée. Notre travail de doctorat a consisté, grâce à la mise en place de plusieurs recherches-actions dans les Centres d’examens de santé de l’Assurance maladie, à documenter par la preuve scientifique, démarche qui rejoint celle de l’Evidence-Based Medecine, la construction d’un examen périodique de santé dédié aux séniors. Les recherches-actions ont concerné trois problématiques de santé publique des personnes âgées que sont la chute, les troubles cognitifs et la dégénérescence maculaire liée à l’âge. Chaque recherche-action a apporté sa contribution à la construction de cet examen de santé senior : une meilleure connaissance des caractéristiques des chuteurs avec élaboration d’un score prédictif de chute et de stratégies de prise en charge de ce risque, des outils simples de repérage des troubles cognitifs légers, un dépistage de la dégénérescence maculaire liée à l’âge via la télémédecine. D’autres thématiques de santé seront à explorer mais les Centres d’examens de santé se positionnent d’ores et déjà, comme des acteurs déterminants de la prise en charge des populations vieillissantes
The increase of life expectancy is a major issue to face in the decades to come. A consequence of this increasing life expectancy is the emergence of chronic diseases. It is now acknowledged that individual ageing is strongly influence by biological, psychological, environmental and social variables. Prevention begins at birth and continues throughout life. It is for this reason, that a prevention consultation at certain key moments in life, such as at retirement, is strongly advised. Our doctorate work consisted of documenting the setup of periodic health examinations dedicated to seniors. This was supported by scientific proof provided by carrying out many action researches in the Health Examination centres of French Health Insurance, an approach similar to ‘Evidence Based Medicine’. The action researches were directed towards three main public health issues amongst the elderly which include falling, memory cognitive impairment and macular degeneration related to age. Each action research contributed to the establishment of this health examination for seniors. Indeed, now there is a better recognition of characteristics amongst seniors who have suffered falls thanks to the development of a tool which gives a predictive score a falling, and in turn action strategies. In addition, there is a tool to spot and identify mild cognitive impairment and screening for macular degeneration related to age through the use of telemedicine. Other health topics will need to be explored but French Health Examination Centres already position themselves as responsible decisive actors for the ageing population

A presença de ventilação periódica durante o exercício confere pior prognóstico a pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca. Existem divergências quanto aos critérios para identificação deste fenômeno. Além disso, a interpretação dicotômica (presença ou ausência) quanto a este fenômeno dificulta a estratificação de risco mais detalhada dos pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca. Desta forma, esta tese avalia a utilização de técnicas estabelecidas para análise de variabilidade de sinais para quantificar as oscilações ventilatórias que ocorrem durante o teste cardiopulmonar de exercício, em indivíduos saudáveis, atletas e com insuficiência cardíaca. Um protocolo mais curto para realização de teste cardiopulmonar de exercício em cicloergômetro de braço foi proposto e validado. Tal protocolo foi utilizado em estudo posterior, onde se comprovou que, apesar dos tempos respiratórios não serem influenciados pelo tipo de exercício realizado, a variabilidade ventilatória é maior durante a realização de exercício dinâmico com membros superiores do que com membros inferiores. A capacidade aeróbica de indivíduos sadios também influencia a variabilidade ventilatória durante o teste cardiopulmonar de exercício. Isto foi comprovado pela menor variabilidade ventilatória no domínio do tempo em atletas do que sedentários durante exercício. A análise destes voluntários com o método da análise dos componentes principais revelou que em atletas a variabilidade do volume corrente é a principal responsável pela variabilidade da ventilação-minuto durante o exercício, ao passo que em sedentários a variabilidade da freqüência respiratória apresenta-se como principal responsável por tais variações. Em estudo randomizado e controlado comprovamos que, mesmo indivíduos sadios apresentam redução da variabilidade ventilatória ao exercício após 12 semanas de treinamento físico. Comprovamos que a reabilitação cardíaca reverteu a ocorrência de ventilação periódica em um paciente com insuficiência cardíaca e, finalmente, encontramos que a variabilidade ventilatória correlaciona-se inversamente com a fração de ejeção ventricular esquerda em pacientes com insuficiência cardíaca. Estudos futuros deverão analisar o poder prognóstico da variabilidade ventilatória nestes pacientes.
Exercise periodic breathing confers a bad prognosis in patients with heart failure. There is no agreement among proposed criteria to diagnose exercise periodic breathing. The dichotomic interpretation (presence or absence) when diagnosing this phenomenon impairs a more detailed risk stratification in heart failure. Thus, this thesis evaluates the use of established signal variability techniques to quantify ventilatory oscillations during cardiopulmonary exercise test, in healthy individuals, athletes and patients with heart failure. A short protocol used to perform cardiopulmonary exercise test in arm crank was proposes and validated. This protocol was used in the next study, which found that, although timing of breathing was not altered by exercise type, ventilatory variability was greater during arm dynamic exercise when compared to leg exercise. Aerobic capacity of healthy individuals also influences ventilatory variability during cardiopulmonary exercise test. This was proven by the lower time-domain ventilatory variability in athletes when compared to sedentary individuals. The evaluation of these individuals with principal components analysis showed that tidal volume variability is the principal component o minute-ventilation variability in athletes, whilst in sedentary men, respiratory frequency variability is the responsible for minute-ventilation variability. In a randomized controlled study we have found that even healthy individuals reduce their exercise ventilatory variability after 12 weeks exercise training. We have shown that cardiac rehabilitation reverted exercise periodical breathing in a patient with heart failure and, finally, found that exercise ventilatory variability inversely correlates to left ventricle ejection fraction in patients with heart failure. Future studies should evaluate the prognostic value of ventilatory variability in these patients.

碩士
國立中山大學
機械工程學系
87
The curvature of a pipe can induce a secondary flow for the flow in the pipe. The effect of the secondary flow enhances the heat transfer rate significantly. Therefore, curved pipe is widely applied in heat transfer devices . However, in the literature, most of studies for the curved pipe flow is dealing with coroidal flow with constant curvature. There are few articles dealing with varying curvature curved pipe flow despite the fact that non-uniform curved pipes have as much practical use as coroidal. The solar collector with periodical s-shaped pipe is a practical example for varying curvature curved pipe flow and heat transfer. In this article, experiments were conducted in a double-pipe heat exchanger with water as the working medium. The heat transfer coefficients were obtained using the Wilson plot method. The effect of the Dean, Prandtl, Reynolds number and curvature ratio on the flow resistance , average heat transfer rate and friction factor are presented.

Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
This study uses a rhetorical visual analysis to investigate supplement advertisements within the top three fitness magazines, according to circulation, to provide a richer understanding of the message construction within the visual images the advertisements contain. The advertisements were selected at random over a time span of a year and a half within each of the magazines, totaling nine separate advertisements for analysis. The purpose of this study is to determine to what extent, if any, the construction of advertisements in men's fitness magazines operates as ideographic images establishing legitimacy as determined through application of Sonja Foss' rhetorical visual analysis methodology. Previous research has identified various analyses of visual images within the fitness culture, however, rhetorical visual analysis of supplement advertisement does not appear to have been investigated prior to this project which is the primary concern for the initiation of the current research. Employing rhetorical analysis in order to understand visual images provides a perspective that is imperative to identification of elements and functions of visual images. The current findings indicate that images in advertisements in men's fitness magazines do not establish rhetorical legitimacy, as understood from a rhetorical perspective. However, when examined through a traditional aesthetic intentionalist perspective, the construction of the advertisements operates as ideographic images, establishing legitimacy through the image. This information provides us with the understanding that advertisements within current muscle magazines are operating under a traditional viewpoint, and as such, produce traditional perspectives. The advertisement industry within this genre is reliant upon the consumer first knowing what the product is and then realizing how the image fits into that function. The limitation within this perspective of the advertisement industry is the consumer's knowledge base concerning the product, the product being explained through text and the time the consumer is willing to spend on correlating the intent or function with the images presented.