Articoli di riviste: "Health insurance – United States"

1

Sheps, Cecil G. "National health insurance and the United States". Journal of Professional Nursing 6, n. 4 (luglio 1990): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s8755-7223(05)80163-2.

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Guo, Yuhao. "Comparison of Insurance Between China and the United States". Advances in Economics, Management and Political Sciences 22, n. 1 (13 settembre 2023): 48–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.54254/2754-1169/22/20230285.

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China has made enormous strides in economic development since the reform and opening up., while medicine and health care are relatively backward. Medical insurance is a very important social insurance project and an important institutional arrangement in the modern social security system. In addition to the common functions of social insurance, it also protects the physical and mental health of workers timely. It has special functions such as repairing labor capacity, reducing the economic burden of workers and their families, improving the physical fitness of the whole people, and promoting the healthy development of health services. Research question: which is better, Chinese insurance or American insurance. This paper analyzes the advantages of American insurance and the disadvantages of Chinese insurance through comparative research. This paper compares the coverage and protection, objects of insurance in China and the United States. By summing up the advantages of American insurance, it hopes that it can play a reference role in improving China's insurance. After analysis, this paper can draw the conclusion that the state needs to strengthen the people's awareness of maintenance, control the growth of medical expenses, and implement nationwide medical insurance.

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Kartinawati, Komang Triyani, Luh Gede Pradnyawati, Doug Campos-Outcalt e Gail P. Barker. "LESSON LEARNED FROM THE UNITES STATES: IMPROVING HEALTH COVERAGE IN A PRIMARY CARE". Jurnal Administrasi Kesehatan Indonesia 10, n. 2 (9 dicembre 2022): 286–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jaki.v10i2.2022.286-292.

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The universal health coverage in Indonesia is organized by Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Kesehatan (BPJS) which gives a health protection to population as in medical insurances. This health coverage is essential to protect and maintain the quality of health in Indonesian population. However, there were some burden for universal health coverage, including the accessible to National Health Insurance (JKN). Therefore, we may learn on improving health coverage from the United States which is well known for the Medicare and Medicaid, —the center of the US medical insurances. There are at least three main lessons to learn from the medical insurance in the US, such as enrollment for medical insurance, sliding fee discount program, and cost analysis for fee-for-service in a health care. Despite the difference of health system and population between the United States and Indonesia, these lessons could be tailored for reducing burden to the universal health coverage in Indonesia.

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Gruber, Jonathan. "Incremental Universalism for the United States: The States Move First?" Journal of Economic Perspectives 22, n. 4 (1 ottobre 2008): 51–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.22.4.51.

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The latest wave of health care proposals and laws in the United Sates has been marked by what I call “incremental universalism”—that is, getting to universal health insurance coverage by filling the gaps in the existing system, rather than ripping up the system and starting over. In this paper, I provide an overview of “incremental universalism” as an approach to healthcare reform, explore the issues it raises, and examine how these issues are being addressed at the state level, focusing primarily on the healthcare reform plan enacted by Massachusetts in April 2006. This sweeping bill altered insurance markets, subsidized insurance coverage for a large swath of the population, introduced a new health insurance purchasing mechanism (the “Connector”), and mandated insurance coverage for almost all citizens. The Massachusetts experience has led to similar proposals in a number of states, including a major (but ultimately failed) effort in California. I am far from an objective observer in discussing the Massachusetts law. I was one of the architects of the law and since 2006 have been a member of the board overseeing its implementation. Despite this bias and the fact that the ambitious Massachusetts plan is still in relatively early stages of implementation, I can say that some early results point to major successes for this reform.

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Summer, Laura. "The Escalating Number of Uninsured in the United States". International Journal of Health Services 24, n. 3 (luglio 1994): 409–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/gwdd-gqr2-q2dg-xj9u.

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Data from the Census Bureau's Annual Report on Poverty show that 37.4 million Americans—two million more than the previous year—had no health insurance during 1992. The proportion of people with no health insurance also increased from 14.1 percent in 1991 to 14.7 percent in 1992. This is the largest annual increase—both in the number of people and the proportion of the population lacking health care coverage—since 1987, the first year for which comparable data are available. In 1987, the Census data show, 31 million people—12.9 percent of the population—were not covered by health insurance. Both the number of people and the proportion of the population without health insurance have increased each year since 1987. Not all of the changes from one year to the next were statistically significant. Between 1991 and 1992, however, the increases both in the number of people without insurance and the proportion of the population lacking insurance were statistically significant. The Bureau reported that 36.9 million Americans were poor in 1992, which represented the largest number of poor people in 30 years. Among the poor, 28.5 percent had no health insurance in 1992. Lack of insurance was not limited to the poor, however. Of those without insurance in 1992, more than 70 percent were above the poverty line.

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Short, Pamela Farley, Llewellyn J. Cornelius e Donald E. Goldstone. "Health Insurance of Minorities in the United States". Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved 1, n. 1 (1990): 9–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/hpu.2010.0484.

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Charatan, F. "Health insurance fraud rises in the United States". BMJ 327, n. 7422 (1 novembre 2003): 1010—g—0. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmj.327.7422.1010-g.

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Brown, E. Richard. "Access to Health Insurance in the United States". Medical Care Review 46, n. 4 (dicembre 1989): 349–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/107755878904600402.

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Umidli, Ilaha. "Compulsory medical insurance implementation in Azerbaijan: comparison with the US general insurance system". E3S Web of Conferences 420 (2023): 05015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202342005015.

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This research, based on quantitative and qualitative data, is an article that compares and interprets statistical data on health indicators between the United States and Azerbaijan, providing a comparison between the two countries. The purpose of this study is to identify the strengths and weaknesses of the health systems of the two countries. In general, the United States points to a developed economy, but lacks a health care system that covers the entire population. Market healthcare system (private entrepreneurship) prevails. The health insurance systems of the United States and Azerbaijan show special differences from each other due to the differences in the social and economic structures of both countries. Azerbaijan's socialist past continues to have a lasting influence on the health care system, while the United States has always given a larger role to the private sector.

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Manchikanti, Laxmaiah. "Obama Health Care for All Americans: Practical Implications". Pain Physician 2;12, n. 2;3 (14 marzo 2009): 289–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2009/12/289.

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Rapidly rising health care costs over the decades have prompted the application of business practices to medicine with goals of improving the efficiency, restraining expenses, and increasing quality. Average health insurance premiums and individual contributions for family coverage have increased approximately 120% from 1999 to 2008. Health care spending in the United States is stated to exceed 4 times the national defense, despite the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. The U.S. health care system has been blamed for inefficiencies, excessive administrative expenses, inflated prices, inappropriate waste, and fraud and abuse. While many people lack health insurance, others who do have health insurance allegedly receive care ranging from superb to inexcusable. In criticism of health care in the United States and the focus on savings, methodologists, policy makers, and the public in general seem to ignore the major disadvantages of other global health care systems and the previous experiences of the United States to reform health care. Health care reform is back with the Obama administration with great expectations. It is also believed that for the first time since 1993, momentum is building for policies that would move the United States towards universal health insurance. President Obama has made health care a central part of his domestic agenda, with spending and investments in Children’s Health Insurance Program (CHIP), American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, and proposed 2010 budget. It is the consensus now that since we have a fiscal emergency, Washington is willing to deal with the health care crisis. Many of the groups long opposed to reform, appear to be coming together to accept a major health care reform. Reducing costs is always at the center of any health care debate in the United States. These have been focused on waste, fraud, and abuse; administrative costs; improving the quality with health technology information dissemination; and excessive regulations on the health care industry in the United States. Down payment on health care reform, American Recovery and Reinvestment Act, and CHIP include many provisions to reach towards universal health care. Key words: Health care reform, universal health care, national health expenditures, gross domestic product, sustained growth rate formula, physician payments, American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009, Children’s Health Insurance Program, health information technology

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11

McElfish, Pearl A., Rachel S. Purvis, Sheldon Riklon e Seiji Yamada. "Compact of Free Association Migrants and Health Insurance Policies: Barriers and Solutions to Improve Health Equity". INQUIRY: The Journal of Health Care Organization, Provision, and Financing 56 (gennaio 2019): 004695801989478. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0046958019894784.

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This commentary outlines the health insurance disparities of Compact of Free Association (COFA) migrants living in the United States. Compact of Free Association migrants are citizens of the Republic of the Marshall Islands, the Federated States of Micronesia, and the Republic of Palau who can live, work, and study in the United States without a visa. Compact of Free Association migrants make up a significant proportion of the rapidly growing Pacific Islander population in the United States. This article describes the historical and current relationships between the United States and the Compact nations and examines national policy barriers constraining health insurance access for COFA migrants. In addition, the commentary describes the state-level health policies of Arkansas, Hawai’i, and Oregon, which are the states where the majority of COFA migrants reside. Finally, policy recommendations are provided to improve health equity for COFA migrants.

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12

Nirisha, P. Lakshmi, Srinagesh Mannekote Thippaiah, Rachel E. Fargason, Barikar C. Malathesh, Narayana Manjunatha, Suresh Bada Math, Badari Birur e Channaveerachari Naveen Kumar. "Telepsychiatry and Medical Insurance: Comparative Perspectives Between India and the United States". Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine 42, n. 5_suppl (ottobre 2020): 92S—97S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0253717620963274.

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Telepsychiatry is a cost-effective alternative to in-person psychiatric consultations. The COVID-19 pandemic brought about a sharp spike in the utilization of telepsychiatry due to ongoing restrictions on gatherings and traveling. In recognition of the importance of telemedicine in general, and telepsychiatry specifically, telemedicine practice guidelines and telepsychiatry operational guidelines have been released. Due to the rising trend in telemedicine, the Insurance Regulatory and Development Authority of India (IRDIA) incorporated teleconsultation health insurance coverage at a level on par with regular in-person consultations. In contrast, in the United States of America, private insurance coverage for telepsychiatry has been in vogue for some time. In this paper we draw comparisons between India and the United States on telepsychiatry and health insurance. We compare the evolving regulatory policies of these two countries in relation to existing insurances plans that are available, the challenges in implementation of new regulations and the possible ways to overcome the challenges to make telepsychiatry affordable to all.

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13

Göktuğ Kaya, Mustafa, e Patricia Hughes. "Determinants of Health Care Expenditure in the United States". Ekonomski pregled 73, n. 4 (2022): 643–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.32910/ep.73.4.7.

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The rapid increase in health expenditure has become a major concern for both households and governments in the United States. This paper investigates the long-run dynamics of health care expenditure in the United States over the period 1991-2014 using the National Health Expenditure Data from the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services. We use an Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) technique to estimate the long-run dynamics and short-run adjustment of health care expenditure to changes in government insurance enrollment, controlling for income, health, uninsured, and trend to account for technological changes. The results indicate that the instance and type of insurance affect per capita expenditure; in particular, increases in Medicaid enrollment lead to higher per capita expenditure levels relative to other insurance groups and uninsured, while increases in Medicare enrollment lead to lower per capita expenditure levels.

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14

Davis, Karen, Cathy Schoen, Katherine Shea e Christine Haran. "Aiming High for the U.S. Health System: A Context for Health Reform". Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics 36, n. 4 (2008): 629–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-720x.2008.00317.x.

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On the eve of the presidential inauguration, the U.S. health system faces rising costs of care, growing numbers of uninsured, wide variations in quality of care, and mounting public dissatisfaction. Despite spending more on health care than any other country, a recent Commonwealth Fund Commission on a High Performance Health Care System National Scorecard reports that the United States is lagging far behind other major industrialized countries — all of which provide universal health insurance — in five key domains: healthy lives, access, quality, equity, and efficiency. U.S. national performance is well below benchmarks of top performance set by other countries or high performing states, hospitals, or health plans within the United States, with broad disparities in experience depending on geographic location, income, race/ethnicity, and insurance coverage. National leadership is required to manage the growing health care crisis in the United States and improve care for all Americans.

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15

McManus, Margaret A., Ann M. Greaney e Paul W. Newacheck. "Health Insurance Status of Young Adults in the United States". Pediatrics 84, n. 4 (1 ottobre 1989): 709–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.84.4.709.

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Sociodemographic and health characteristics of young adults who are uninsured, publicly insured, and privately insured were examined using the 1984 National Health Interview Survey. The results indicated that 26% of 19 to 24-year-old persons had no health insurance protection, 65% were privately insured, 7% were publicly insured, and 1% had both private and public coverage. Young adults at greatest risk for being uninsured were male, Hispanic and black, poor and near-poor, unemployed, high school dropouts, living with others, and residing in the South and West. All young adults predictably lose or change health insurance as they move from dependence to independence. It was concluded that greater use of new and existing transitional insurance options should be offered as well as targeted educational and communication strategies to assure that all young persons enter adulthood with some basic insurance protection.

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Newacheck, Paul W., e Margaret A. McManus. "Health Insurance Status of Adolescents in the United States". Pediatrics 84, n. 4 (1 ottobre 1989): 699–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.84.4.699.

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This analysis of a sample of 15 181 adolescents aged 10 to 18 years from the National Health Interview Survey indicates that 86% of adolescents had some form of private or public health care coverage during 1984. Nevertheless, one in every seven adolescents, or nearly 4.5 million nationwide, were without any form of health insurance coverage. Adolescents without insurance coverage were concentrated in poor and near-poor households, families with little formal education, and were more likely to live in the South or West. Minorities, especially Hispanic adolescents, were less likely than white adolescents to have some form of health insurance coverage, but much of this difference was attributable to the smaller incomes of minorities. Similarly, although adolescents living in single-parent households were less likely to be insured, the reduced likelihood of coverage appears to be primarily attributable to smaller family income in single-parent households. That family economics plays a central role in determining whether an adolescent had some form of coverage was confirmed by interiew results concerning the major reasons for absence of coverage; 8 of 10 uninsured families cited economic reasons for absence of coverage. Together, these results indicate the principal barriers to obtaining health insurance are economic in nature. Public and private sector initiatives for reducing the size of the uninsured adolescent population are discussed.

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Rovin, Kimberly, Rebecca Stone, Linda Gordon, Emilia Boffi e Linda Hunt. "Better Than Nothing: Participant Experiences in Using a County Health Plan". Practicing Anthropology 34, n. 4 (1 settembre 2012): 13–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.34.4.754915t6lkh712q1.

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The United States health care system has reached a crisis point, with 49.9 million Americans now living without health insurance (DeNavas-Walt, Proctor, and Smith 2011). The United States government has responded to this crisis in a variety of ways, perhaps the most visible being the enactment of the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act (ACA) in March 2010. With a goal of expanding access to health insurance to 32 million Americans by 2019, the ACA marks an important moment in the history of United States health care reform with the potential to drastically change the United States health insurance landscape (Connors and Gostin 2010). The law delineates only general categories of required benefits and leaves it to each state to decide the specific benefits that will be provided by the insurers in their state (Pear 2011).

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Ngaage, Ledibabari M., Shan Xue, Mimi R. Borrelli, Bauback Safa, Jens U. Berli, Rachel Bluebond-Langner e Yvonne M. Rasko. "Gender-Affirming Health Insurance Reform in the United States". Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery - Global Open 8, n. 9S (settembre 2020): 45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.gox.0000720516.21957.1d.

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Nakahama, Takashi. "InsurTech and Private Health Insurance in the United States". Hokengakuzasshi (JOURNAL of INSURANCE SCIENCE) 2020, n. 648 (31 marzo 2020): 648_69–648_86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5609/jsis.2020.648_69.

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Ngaage, Ledibabari Mildred, Shan Xue, Mimi R. Borrelli, Bauback Safa, Jens U. Berli, Rachel Bluebond-Langner e Yvonne M. Rasko. "Gender-Affirming Health Insurance Reform in the United States". Annals of Plastic Surgery 87, n. 2 (20 gennaio 2021): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/sap.0000000000002674.

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Fuchs, Victor R. "What's Ahead for Health Insurance in the United States?" New England Journal of Medicine 346, n. 23 (6 giugno 2002): 1822–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejm200206063462314.

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22

Derrick, Frederick W., e Charles E. Scott. "National health insurance: Lessons from the United States experiment". Health Care Management Review 20, n. 3 (1995): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004010-199502030-00009.

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23

Compton, Ronald E., e Neil Schlackman. "The Evolution of Health Insurance in the United States". Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice 23, n. 1 (gennaio 1998): 123–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/gpp.1998.9.

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Doh, Soogwan. "Health Insurance and Racial Disparity in the United States". International Review of Public Administration 17, n. 1 (aprile 2012): 79–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/12264431.2012.10805218.

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McCanne, Don R. "A National Health Insurance Program for the United States". PLoS Medicine 1, n. 2 (30 novembre 2004): e39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pmed.0010039.

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Mills, Michael. "Some thoughts on health insurance in the United States". Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics 21, n. 4 (aprile 2020): 4–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/acm2.12877.

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Yabroff, K. Robin, Samuel Valdez, Mireille Jacobson, Xuesong Han e A. Mark Fendrick. "The Changing Health Insurance Coverage Landscape in the United States". American Society of Clinical Oncology Educational Book, n. 40 (maggio 2020): e264-e274. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/edbk_279951.

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Changes in the health insurance coverage landscape in the United States during the past decade have important implications for receipt and affordability of cancer care. In this paper, we summarize evidence for the association between health insurance coverage and cancer prevention and treatment. We then discuss ongoing changes in health care coverage, including implementation of provisions of the Affordable Care Act, increasing prevalence of high-deductible health insurance plans, and factors that affect health care delivery, with a focus on vertical integration of hospitals and providers. We summarize the evidence for the effects of the changes in health coverage on care and discuss areas for future research with the goal of informing efforts to improve cancer care delivery and outcomes in the United States.

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Marmor, Theodore R. "Commentary on Canadian Health Insurance: Lessons for the United States". International Journal of Health Services 23, n. 1 (gennaio 1993): 45–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/u07u-ge5v-xgux-222w.

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The Government Accounting Office's comparatively favorable report on Canada's National Health Insurance program (Medicare) prompted a firestorm of reaction: criticism from the health insurance industry primarily and praise from advocates of single-payer models of American reform particularly. Congressional hearings aired this controversy, and this article is a revised version of the author's testimony to the Government Operations Committee, June 18, 1991. The author examines the legitimacy of cross-national comparison as a general analytic tool and the lessons to be learned from North American health care comparisons in particular. In the final section he critically discusses two sets of myths about Canada's experience with universal health insurance: those regarding the desirability of the Canadian system itself and those questioning the transplantability (adaptability) of the model to the United States.

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Totic, Ibrahim. "Policy financing health insurance and health care in the United States". Medicinski glasnik Specijalna bolnica za bolesti stitaste zlezde i bolesti metabolizma Zlatibor 20, n. 59 (2015): 31–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/medgla1559031t.

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Hoffman, Catherine, e Julia Paradise. "Health Insurance and Access to Health Care in the United States". Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 1136, n. 1 (25 luglio 2008): 149–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1196/annals.1425.007.

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Zhao, Jingxuan, Xuesong Han, Zhiyuan Zheng, Leticia Nogueira, Amy D. Lu, Paul C. Nathan e K. Robin Yabroff. "Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Childhood Cancer Survival in the United States". Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers & Prevention 30, n. 11 (30 settembre 2021): 2010–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1158/1055-9965.epi-21-0117.

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Abstract Background: Non-white patients with childhood cancer have worse survival than Non-Hispanic (NH) White patients for many childhood cancers in the United States. We examined the contribution of socioeconomic status (SES) and health insurance on racial/ethnic disparities in childhood cancer survival. Methods: We used the National Cancer Database to identify NH White, NH Black, Hispanic, and children of other race/ethnicities (<18 years) diagnosed with cancer between 2004 and 2015. SES was measured by the area-level social deprivation index (SDI) at patient residence and categorized into tertiles. Health insurance coverage at diagnosis was categorized as private, Medicaid, and uninsured. Cox proportional hazard models were used to compare survival by race/ethnicity. We examined the contribution of health insurance and SES by sequentially adjusting for demographic and clinical characteristics (age group, sex, region, metropolitan statistical area, year of diagnosis, and number of conditions other than cancer), health insurance, and SDI. Results: Compared with NH Whites, NH Blacks and Hispanics had worse survival for all cancers combined, leukemias and lymphomas, brain tumors, and solid tumors (all P < 0.05). Survival differences were attenuated after adjusting for health insurance and SDI separately; and further attenuated after adjusting for insurance and SDI together. Conclusions: Both SES and health insurance contributed to racial/ethnic disparities in childhood cancer survival. Impact: Improving health insurance coverage and access to care for children, especially those with low SES, may mitigate racial/ethnic survival disparities.

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Zheng, Zhiyuan, Xuesong Han, Matthew P. Banegas, Jingxuan Zhao, Ashish Rai, Reginald Tucker-Seeley, Ahmedin Jemal e K. Robin Yabroff. "Employer provided health benefits among cancer survivors in the United States." Journal of Clinical Oncology 37, n. 27_suppl (20 settembre 2019): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2019.37.27_suppl.155.

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155 Background: Nearly 40% of cancer survivors are of working age in the U.S. Access to high quality diagnosis, treatment, and survivorship care requires both health insurance coverage and sick leave, key components of employer health benefits. This study examines work limitations, paid sick leave, and employer offered health insurance among cancer survivors. Methods: We used the National Health Interview Survey (2001-2017) to identify cancer survivors aged 18-64 years. Work limitations were asked among all cancer survivors regardless of work status (n = 15,247), and categorized into unable to work, limited in type/amount of work, and not limited at all. Paid sick leave and employer offered health insurance offered were asked of cancer survivors who were working in the last week (n = 8741). We used generalized ordinal logistic regressions to examine work limitation and employer health benefits among cancer survivors, controlling for demographic characteristics, time since cancer diagnosis, number of cancer diagnoses, income, and comorbidities. Stratified analyses by type of workplace (private sector, federal/state/local government, and self-employed), and hours worked per week (full time with 35+ hours per week vs part time < 35 hours per week) was conducted. Results: Among cancer survivors aged 18-64 years, 10.7% and 5.3% reported unable to work at all and limited in types/amounts of work, respectively; 57.7% and 67.6% of those working in the last week received paid sick leave and employer offered health insurance, respectively. In stratified analyses, government jobs were associated with the highest paid sick leave and employer insurance (85.7% and 85.6%, respectively), followed by private sector (58.3% and 70.7%, respectively), and self-employed (8.3% and 15.7%), respectively. Moreover, full time jobs had higher paid sick leave (65.2% and 21.9%, respectively) and employer insurance (75.7% and 29.1%, respectively) then part time jobs. Conclusions: Cancer survivors experience work limitations and many working cancer survivors do not receive paid sick leave or health insurance from their employers. Evaluation of the effects of employer-based health benefits on survivorship care and outcomes will be important for future research.

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Gruber, Jonathan. "Covering the Uninsured in the United States". Journal of Economic Literature 46, n. 3 (1 agosto 2008): 571–606. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jel.46.3.571.

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One of the major social policy issues facing the United States in the first decade of the twenty-first century is the large number of Americans lacking health insurance. This article surveys the major economic issues around covering the uninsured. I review the facts on insurance coverage and the nature of the uninsured; explore explanations for why the United States has such a large, and growing, uninsured population; and discuss why we should care if individuals are uninsured. I then examine policy options to address the problem of the uninsured, beginning with a discussion of the key issues and available evidence and then turning to estimates from a micro-simulation model of the impact of alternative interventions to increase insurance coverage.

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Hanratty, Maria, e Olivia S. Mitchell. "Health Care and the Labor Market". ILR Review 48, n. 1 (ottobre 1994): 65–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979399404800105.

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Health insurance and the labor market are inextricably entwined in the United States. Yet, few studies to date have examined the uniquely American links between employees' demand for and employers' ability to provide health care insurance. This topic is of substantial current interest because employer-provided health insurance plays a central role in the national health insurance reform planning process.

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Sun, Meng. "Analyzing the Current State and Challenges in the Economic and Practical Aspects of Private Health Insurance in the United States". Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 22 (27 dicembre 2023): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/6bg5cv18.

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The expansion of healthcare insurance coverage in the United States is a multifaceted outcome, achieved through a range of concerted initiatives and strategies. These efforts encompass not only government policies and reforms but also the contributions of various healthcare providers and insurers. However, private insurance, mainly provided by employers, remains the most prevalent form of coverage. Therefore, it is imperative to study the status of private healthcare insurance. This examination aids policymakers in understanding insurance plan specifics and limitations. Additionally, analyzing current trends and challenges, such as escalating costs and competition, offers valuable insights for future policy. The study found that healthcare insurance coverage has seen a general increase in the United States. Short-term trends show growth in both public and private insurance, while long-term preferences lean towards public insurance due to recent pandemics. Private insurance, however, maintains stability. Private insurance still has notable coverage limitations, emphasizing the need for services to be necessary and appropriate, resulting in exclusions, administrative complexities, and high costs. The multi-insurer system in the U.S. leads to duplication and increased operational expenses compared to single-payer systems. Policymakers must adopt effective measures to address these issues and enhance healthcare insurance's affordability and accessibility for the future.

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Fox, Ashley, e Roland Poirier. "How Single-payer Stacks Up: Evaluating Different Models of Universal Health Coverage on Cost, Access, and Quality". International Journal of Health Services 48, n. 3 (21 giugno 2018): 568–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0020731418779377.

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Described as “universal prepayment,” the national health insurance (or single-payer) model of universal health coverage is increasingly promoted by international actors as a means of raising revenue for health care and improving social risk protection in low- and middle-income countries. Likewise, in the United States, the recent failed efforts to repeal and replace the Affordable Care Act have renewed debate about where to go next with health reform and arguably opened the door for a single-payer, Medicare-for-All plan, an alternative once considered politically infeasible. Policy debates about single-payer or national health insurance in the United States and abroad have relied heavily on Canada’s system as an ideal-typical single-payer system but have not systematically examined health system performance indicators across different universal coverage models. Using available cross-national data, we categorize countries with universal coverage into those best exemplifying national health insurance (single-payer), national health service, and social health insurance models and compare them to the United States in terms of cost, access, and quality. Through this comparison, we find that many critiques of single-payer are based on misconceptions or are factually incorrect, but also that single-payer is not the only option for achieving universal coverage in the United States and internationally.

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37

Nissanholtz Gannot, Rachel, David P. Chinitz e Sara Rosenbaum. "What should health insurance cover? A comparison of Israeli and US approaches to benefit design under national health reform". Health Economics, Policy and Law 13, n. 2 (22 gennaio 2018): 189–208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1744133117000287.

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AbstractWhat health insurance should cover and pay for represents one of the most complex questions in national health policy. Israel shares with the US reliance on a regulated insurance market and we compare the approaches of the two countries regarding determining health benefits. Based on review and analysis of literature, laws and policy in the United States and Israel. The Israeli experience consists of selection of a starting point for defining coverage; calculating the expected cost of covered benefits; and creating a mechanism for updating covered benefits within a defined budget. In implementing the Affordable Care Act, the US rejected a comprehensive and detailed approach to essential health benefits. Instead, federal regulators established broadly worded minimum standards that can be supplemented through more stringent state laws and insurer discretion. Notwithstanding differences between the two systems, the elements of the Israeli approach to coverage, which has stood the test of time, may provide a basis for the United States as it renews its health reform debate and considers delegating decisions about coverage to the states. Israel can learn to emulate the more forceful regulation of supplemental and private insurance that characterizes health policy in the United States.

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Dorros, Torin A., e T. Howard Stone. "Implications of Negligent Selection and Retention of Physicians in the Age of ERISA". American Journal of Law & Medicine 21, n. 4 (1995): 383–418. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0098858800007498.

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Enormous and fundamental changes are currently taking place in health care delivery. These changes include the consolidation of health care providers—from hospitals, physicians, and insurance companies, to medical supply businesses, managed care networks, and other health care providers—and numerous health care and insurance reform efforts by government at all levels. These changes pose significant implications for the delivery of health care in the United States, and will impact the manner, cost, and accessibility of health care delivery. These changes will almost certainly affect the quality of health care services as well. The quality of health care in the United States has for many years been a central concern of government, industry, health care providers, payors, and consumers. Quality in health care is essential to overall national health, the guarantor of a productive and healthy populace, and an important indicator of United States social and technological preeminence.

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Schnittker, Jason, e Mehul Bhatt. "The Role of Income and Race/Ethnicity in Experiences with Medical Care in the United States and United Kingdom". International Journal of Health Services 38, n. 4 (ottobre 2008): 671–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/hs.38.4.f.

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Inequalities in experiences with medical care are well-known in the United States, but little is known about the shape of such inequalities in other countries. This study compares a broad spectrum of experiences in the United States and United Kingdom. Furthermore, it focuses on two of the most important dimensions of inequality, race/ethnicity and income, and two of the most widely discussed system-level factors, health insurance and emphasis on primary care. Two general conclusions are reached. First, there are broad income-based inequalities in medical care in both the United States and United Kingdom. These inequalities persist even after controlling for health insurance, including private medical insurance in the United Kingdom. Race is also related to experiences with medical care, although the effects of race are more particular and contingent than are those for income. In particular, the mapping of racial/ethnic inequality differs considerably between the United States and United Kingdom, reflecting their different sociocultural climates. Second, the health care system, especially primary care, plays a limited role in ameliorating inequalities in care, but plays a strong role in elevating the average level of quality within a country. Because inequalities in medical care reflect broader social processes, they are durable across very different health care systems and contexts.

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Ortega, Adrianne. "… And Health Care for All: Immigrants in the Shadow of the Promise of Universal Health Care". American Journal of Law & Medicine 35, n. 1 (marzo 2009): 185–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/009885880903500105.

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President Obama’s ambitious universal health care plan aims to provide affordable and accessible health care for all. The plan to cover the estimated 46.5 million uninsured, however, ignores the over thirty million non-citizens living in the United States. If the United States passes universal health care coverage, Congress should repeal the prohibitions of the Welfare Reform Act, extend Medicaid coverage to non-citizens, and allow non-citizens to purchase employer-based insurance coverage.President Obama’s plan follows the lead of state universal health care legislation by retaining private, employer-sponsored insurance coverage and expanding the eligibility requirements of the Medicaid program. This strategy will not aid uninsured immigrants or overburdened states and hospitals, though, because current law excludes most non-citizens from nonemergency health care services.

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41

Feldman, Roger. "Health Insurance in the United States: Is Market Failure Avoidable?" Journal of Risk and Insurance 54, n. 2 (giugno 1987): 298. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/252859.

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Olson, Lynn M., Suk-fong S. Tang e Paul W. Newacheck. "Children in the United States with Discontinuous Health Insurance Coverage". New England Journal of Medicine 353, n. 4 (28 luglio 2005): 382–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1056/nejmsa043878.

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Bias, T. K., P. M. Fitzgerald, P. Agarwal e E. Vasile. "Awareness and Interest in the United States Health Insurance Marketplace". Value in Health 17, n. 7 (novembre 2014): A405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.936.

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Matthews, B. Alex, Ruric C. Anderson e Ann B. Nattinger. "Colorectal cancer screening behavior and health insurance status (United States)". Cancer Causes & Control 16, n. 6 (agosto 2005): 735–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10552-005-1228-z.

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45

Gruber, Jonathan. "Delivering Public Health Insurance Through Private Plan Choice in the United States". Journal of Economic Perspectives 31, n. 4 (1 novembre 2017): 3–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/jep.31.4.3.

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Abstract (sommario):

The United States has seen a sea change in the way that publicly financed health insurance coverage is provided to low-income, elderly, and disabled enrollees. When programs such as Medicare and Medicaid were introduced in the 1960s, the government directly reimbursed medical providers for the care that they provided, through a classic “single payer system.” Since the mid-1980s, however, there has been an evolution towards a model where the government subsidizes enrollees who choose among privately provided insurance options. In the United States, privatized delivery of public health insurance appears to be here to stay, with debates now focused on how much to expand its reach. Yet such privatized delivery raises a variety of thorny issues. Will choice among private insurance options lead to adverse selection and market failures in privatized insurance markets? Can individuals choose appropriately over a wide range of expensive and confusing plan options? Will a privatized approach deliver the promised increases in delivery efficiency claimed by advocates? What policy mechanisms have been used, or might be used, to address these issues? A growing literature in health economics has begun to make headway on these questions. In this essay, I discuss that literature and the lessons for both economics more generally and health care policymakers more specifically.

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Brown, E. Richard. "Problems of health insurance coverage and health care in the United States: public and private solution strategies". Cadernos de Saúde Pública 8, n. 3 (settembre 1992): 270–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-311x1992000300007.

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A nearly universal consensus has developed in the United States that the current health care financing system is a failure. The system has been unable to control the continuing rapid rise in health care costs (by far, the highest in the world), and it has been unable to stem the growing population that has no health insurance coverage (at least 36 million people). There is nearly universal political agreement that government must provide health insurance to a far greater share of the population than ever before. The political debate now focuses on whether this expanded government role should supplement the private insurance system with an enlarged public program covering those left out of private insurance coverage, or replace private insurance with a universal government health insurance program covering the entire population.

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47

Staples, Clifford L. "The Politics of Employment-Based Insurance in the United States". International Journal of Health Services 19, n. 3 (luglio 1989): 415–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/bf04-yydv-vm2r-lkdv.

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Analyses of the corporatization of U.S. health care typically focus on the political struggle between corporations and traditional health care providers, e.g., physicians. A neglected area of study is the struggle between corporations and their employees over the employment-based health insurance system. Yet, since this system is currently the primary mechanism for financing health care in the United States, an analysis of its historical development is critical to any understanding of the corporatization of U.S. health care. It is argued here that the employment-based health insurance system was a part of a political compromise between capital and labor that emerged after World War II. In exchange for control over production and increased worker productivity, corporations agreed to provide workers with steady wage increases and an expanded system of fringe benefits, or “corporate welfare.” But, by the late 1970s, rising health care costs created a corporate health care financing crisis that has prompted corporations to cut back employee health insurance coverage. The relative inability of workers to resist such cutbacks reveals the extent to which, by linking health care to wage labor, the “corporate welfare” system has made the U.S. working class more vulnerable to corporate power.

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48

Zeveleva, G. "Healthcare Reform in the United States: Difficult Road". World Economy and International Relations, n. 4 (2015): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.20542/0131-2227-2015-4-81-89.

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The article focuses on a healthcare reform, one of the pillars of Barack Obama’s presidency. The author argues that the reform was driven by social considerations, and the goal was to make the American healthcare system more just by implementing universal mandatory health insurance. The author analyses how implementation of Obama’s reform has turned into an arduous process, and why the enactment of some of its regulations were postponed. The article examines why some of the new regulations have already begun to function, while others are due to begin in 2018 and 2020. In 2014 the reform entered its critical phase, as its most controversial element on mandatory health insurance for all Americans came into effect. Failure to comply is met with the fine, while citizens with low incomes can rely on state support. Opponents of the reform are still undertaking efforts to eliminate the universal health insurance requirement. The author comes to the conclusion that despite the challenges Obama has already made the pages of history as the president who succeeded in implementing universal health insurance. One of his greatest achievements has been the triumph over many of the healthcare reform’s opponents as he wrote the reform into law in the spring of 2010. All previous attempts to reform the national system had been met with failure due to conservative resistance. The controversy around this topic stems from many Americans’ understanding of fundamental values. The central point of debate is not about the American healthcare system, but rather about what kind of country the United States of America will be in the 21st Century. Democrats believe that the reform will make the country more just, while their opponents fear that the USA will turn into a welfare state with less freedom and more control of federal authority.

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Narita, Raluca Elena. "Consumption of Healthcare Services in the United States: The Impact of Health Insurance". Journal of Risk and Financial Management 16, n. 5 (17 maggio 2023): 277. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jrfm16050277.

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Over the past few decades, healthcare expenditures in the United States have increased due to a variety of different factors. Depending on their insurance plans, Americans have varying levels of health insurance coverage and may need to make co-payments or pay fully for specific health services. According to multiple studies, health insurance does appear to increase the utilization of healthcare services, except emergency services. Demographic factors such as age, citizenship, and race/ethnicity, as well as the type of health service demanded, all appear to influence the consumption of healthcare in the United States. However, many existing studies conducted in this area are not experimental or randomized, which may result in a lack of validity of the estimated relationship between insurance and healthcare utilization due to confounding variables. A new experimental study, similar to the RAND HIE study, is needed to provide insight into the current relationships between insurance and healthcare utilization, taking into consideration changes in legislation.

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Henderson, Charley, e Philip Q. Yang. "Support for Health Insurance Coverage for Legal Abortion in the United States". International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, n. 1 (31 dicembre 2021): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19010433.

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The use of health insurance to cover legal abortion is a controversial issue on which Americans are sharply divided. Currently, there is a lack of research on this issue as data became available only recently. Using data from the newly released General Social Survey in 2018, this study examines who is more or less likely to support health insurance coverage for legal abortion. The results show that the support and opposition were about evenly divided. The findings from the logistic regression analysis reveal that, holding other variables constant, Democrats, liberals, urban residents, the more educated, and the older were more likely to support health insurance coverage for legal abortion while women, Southerners, Christians, the currently married, and those with more children were less likely to favor it, compared to their respective counterparts. Additionally, the effect of education was stronger for liberals than for non-liberals. Race, family income, and full-time work status make no difference in the outcome. The findings have significant implications for research and practices in health insurance coverage for legal abortion.

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